Loading...
Resolution 4097 - Lawrence Park Master Plan621 RESOLUTION NO. 4097 A RESOLUTION APPROVING THE LAWRENCE PARK MASTER PLAN. WHEREAS, at the City Council Meeting of November 6th, 1989, the City Council authorized a concept for the expanded development of Lawrence Park, and WHEREAS, since Council approval of the concept the Parks and Recreation Department has been planning for a phase development of Lawrence Park, and WHEREAS, the Parks and Recreation Department has prepared a 15 year development plan for the development of Lawrence Park including that area of property adjacent to Lawrence Park West of Main Street and East of the Stillwater River. NOW THEREFORE, BE IT RESOLVED BY THE CITY COUNCIL OF THE CITY OF KALISPELL, AS FOLLOWS: SECTION I. That the City Council hereby adopts Lawrence Park, A 78 Year History, prepared by Bruce F. Lutz for the Kalispell City Parks and Recreation Department, as a Master Plan for the Development of Lawrence Park and its environs; a copy of said History_ is attached hereto as Exhibit "A" and thereby made a part hereof. PASSED AND APPROVED BY THE CITY COUNCIL AND MAYOR OF THE CITY OF KALISPELL THIS 17t1DAY OF May , 1993. Dougla% D. Rauthe-Mayor Attest: RESOLUTION NO. 4097 E 622 Lawrence Park..... A 78 Year History 1. Introduction " We shall endeavor, so far as possible, to protect the natural conditions, and most earnestly solicit the good will and co -cooperation of all in protecting trees and shrubbery" re: Lawrence park,W.H. Lawrence, December 31, 1921 Lawrence Park is an island or laboratory of natural processes around which the City of Kalispell has grown since 1892. Although some of the study area has undergone substantial environmental modification during the settlement of Kalispell, much of the area maintains its natural integrity. Human use has been sporadic; determined by the areas relative remoteness, anonymity and terrain. Aerial photos as recent as 1953 depict a riparian environment molded by the Stillwater River as it delivers its cargo of runoff south to its confluence with the Whitefish River. From there the drainage flows on to the Flathead River, Flathead Lake, the Clark Fork, Columbia River and finally empties into the Pacific Ocean. Prior to 1915 the water system used by the City of Kalispell was operated by private concerns. In 1892, the Kalispell City Council granted right of ways to Chester Davis of Chicago for the purpose of constructing water lines and power lines for "public purposes". The Kalispell Water Commission purchased water from the franchise. The Davis business became the Kalispell Water and Electric Company and then became the Northern Idaho and Montana (Mountain States) Power Company. The source of water during these years was a pump station on the east side of the confluence between the Stillwater and Whitefish River. The brick pump building was featured in a photograph included in the 1912 Water Commission Report. Water was pumped to a standpipe on McGinnis Hill. The location of the water system required transporting water across the Rivers via a bridged pipeline to the Townsite of Kalispell. High water episodes played havoc with the pipeline. The construction of Kalispell's own water system followed the fabrication of a reservoir on Buffalo Hill in 1914. The pumping station that included an office, pump room, fuel room and boiler room was constructed below the resevoir on a 2 1/2 acre site. The site was purchased from Wilbur N. Noffsinger in 1915. A 20 by 24 foot well was constructed over what had been known as Noffsinger Spring. An electric pump with a back-up steam boiler delivered water via a 18 inch pipe to a 1.7 million gallon open concrete resevoir that is still situated 1850 feet away and 142 feet above on Buffalo Hill (see base map near the golf course clubhouse). In 1915, W.H. Lawrence was hired as the water works superintendent. The water system has operated as a city owned utility since then. (See Appendix A) The location of the pump station required the construction of an access road via North Main ■ 623 road), groomed lawns, pheasants, peacocks, pet deer and buffalo (winter). Lawrence Park was described in colorful detail by W.H. fence in 016MMIal reports submitted from 1921 until Lawrence's death in 1931. Although the water department crews maintained the park under the direction of successor Superintendent Ward Buckingham, little mention was made of the park in the annual reports 1932 - 1940. The park fell into a state of disrepair in the following years due to the automation of the pump, World War H and the absence of W.H. Lawrence. The City annexed the golf course portion of the property in 1950. W.H. Lawrence was born in Castine, Maine in 1856. He arrived in Kalispell in 1911 as an employee of the Mountain States Power Company. He worked as superintendent of the power company's water department until 1914 when he assumed the position of superintendent of the Kalispell Water Department. Lawrence headed the water department until his death in 1931 in Rochester Minnesota. A legacy that Lawrence left with us during his seventeen year tenure with the water department was his colorful annual water department reports. The reports extolled the virtues of the park that he developed around his beloved water works. He summed it up in one report by saying that "Public Parks, large or small, are not thought of as a luxury, but as a necessity to the well being of the entire community." He also stated in several reports that "we want all to visit the park." As stated in his eulogy contained in the 1931 annual report (see Appendix B): "His life was dedicated to the public good and to public service and he never veered for one moment from the course laid out by him and the performance of his duties as he saw them. His jealous loyalty to the community may sometimes have warped his judgement and subjected him to criticism, but criticism of a particular act of policy or expediency was always accompanied by friendly and candid expressions of confidence in him as a public servant." 2. Recent History From 1940 and 1975 activity in the Park consisted of gravel extraction from the slope next to the south boundary of the golf course and fill (road excavation material, etc.) dumping in the flood plain/ oxbow areas of the flats. The 1964 flood of the Flathead drainage system clogged what had been both active and passive channels in the south and west portion of the park with debris. The area came under the jurisdiction of the Corp of Engineers due to the adoption of the Clean Water Act Work on the old park during these years consisted of minimal maintenance. The City halted dumping and fill operations on the flats in 1975. From 1973 to September of 1987 the Kalispell Parks Department operated under the direction of Pieter Drent. The following is a brief chronological account of Lawrence Park history from 1974 to present: 1974 M - City grants permission for KGA to use north portion of Lawrence Park for putting green. 624 1978 - Rest rooms were installed in the old park area. - The north 6 acres of the old park were included in the expansion of the golf course. 1979 - A request for Renewable Resource Grant -Loan funding for recreational development and up- grading of Lawrence Park was submitted by the City of Kalispell. The amount of the grant request was $1,310,700. 1981 - The City and Flathead Conservation District opened an old river channel into wetland area to alleviate river erosion on the John Mueller property. 1983 - The City was notified by the Corp of Engineers of its violation of the Clean Water Act through its dumping of excavated road base and asphalt material in a wetland at the base of the west edge of the park. 1984 - The City Parks Department drafted the "Lawrence Park Development Proposal" with a $270,000 budget. The proposal included provisions for one American Legion and two Babe Ruth baseball fields with bleachers, a picnic pavilion, landscaping, irrigation, road improvements and water and sewer lines. Part of the rationale for the proposal was the impending relocation of the Griffin Park Ballfield. - The Friends of Lawrence Park was organized to promote the renovation and enhancement of the park along with the protection and enhancement of natural processes and habitat in the environmentally sensitive parts of the park. 1985 - A proposal from the Parks, Airport and Golf Committee was submitted or "a cooperative plan between the Kalispell Golf Association and the Parks Department of the City of Kalispell for the rehabilitation, restoration consider the inclusion of that area into the water sprinkling,mowing and general maintenance program of the golf course. - A proposal called the "Lawrence Park Proposal" was presented by Gail Downey for the Flathead Group of the Sierra Club, Audubon Society and Flathead Wildlife Incorporated. The goal of the proposal was a multiple -use, family oriented park, utilizing the largest open space. - A memo was sent from City Police Chief Stefanic alerting Mayor presents" especially relating to patrol or supervision. The police department cited the Park's remoteness and singular access as a problem for proper supervision. - A letter was sent to Mayor McDowell by Pieter Drent responding to pressures on the City Council to expand golfing into the park. - The City was warned again by the Corp of Engineers to remove fill from the west area of wetland (see 1983). 1986 - An application for a Land and Water Conservation Fund (LWCF) assistance (matching grant) for Old Lawrence Park was submitted to Mt. Department of Fish, Wildlife and Parks by the Parks Department. 1987 - mi. i WCF fund reauest consideration deferred to 1988. F1 625 - An application was submitted by the Kalispell Pdk 660artment to the Montana Department of Natural Resources for obtaining a Reclamation and Development Grant to stabilize the gravel pit at Lawrence Park. - Extraction of gravel by the City ceased at Lawrence Park. - Lease negotiations between the City and Buffalo Hill Golf Association set out clear boundaries for future Lawrence Park planning area. 1989 - Kalispell Chamber, FLP, KGA, FTA and City Parks Department sign document agreeing to future use of Park as illustrated in Exhibit "A' (Concept Plan). The agreement was dated October 24, 1989. The City Council did not ratify this document. 1990 - The LWCF Grant application was re -submitted by the Parks Department or 1992 funding. 1991 - The gravel pit slope stabilization project was implemented. $180,000 was invested to stabilize the former gravel pit:. The funding was provided by the Montana Department of Natural Resources. - A request for proposals for the Lawrence Park Master Plan was solicited by the Kalispell City Parks and Recreation Department. 1992 - The Lawrence Park Master Planning effort was initiated by the Kalispell City Council under the direction of the City Parks Department. 1993 - The completed Lawrence Park Plan was submitted to the Parks Department in February. 3. Land Area The total land area of Lawrence Park consists of approximately 60 acres. The land area has three smaller semi -natural subdivisions: 1) the historic park consisting of approximately 8 acres, 2) the open and filled area consisting of approximately 20 acres and 3) wetland / riparian areas consisting of approximately 28 acres. In -holdings in the wedand/ riparian areas consist of an additional 26 acres (including tracts 24A, 23A and part of 5). Approximately 2 acres of the 8 acres in the historic park area have been developed and managed for park use. The other 6 acres were leased to the Buffalo Hill Golf Course. potential park area including in -holdings is 82 acres. 4. Drainage and Geology The study area is a low-lying riparian environment resuiting in part from the last episode of glaciation in the Flathead Valley. The riverbed and surrounding topography is a product of meltwater erosion at the southern end of the receding glacier. The meltwater from the glacier scoured out the soft and fine material from which a channel was made. The material was transported downstream leaving a channel inside the coarser surrounding glacial till and moraine. The somewhat flat open and wooded areas next to the present Stillwater River channel were likely created by large masses of ice left after the main glacier had receded. This 1 .. A �__ _a___— --. «a T m last' of Anna nn 626 the result of isolating open water in landlocked ponds. In addition, the City of Kalispell filled approximately 20 acres of the north one-half of the large meander / wetland area between the mid 1950's and the mid 1970's. Kalispell halted the fill operation in 1975 at the request of the Montana State Fish and Game Department and the U.S. Army Corp of Engineers. 5. Soils Soil in the park area is classified by the US Soil Conservation Service as poorly drained alluvial land (Aa) in the relic channel zones and Banks very fine sandy loam (Bb) in the slightly elevated zones such as the old park area. Inspection of the site yields additional information. The composition of the slope areas that were revealed at the former gravel pit slope is a sandy -silty -gravelly material deposited by glacial meltwater. Inspections of existing channels show evidence of river laid silt over glacial gravel and cobbles (exposed intermittently by high water or flooding). The open filled area has the characteristics of a pit -run gravel base overlain with a thin mantle of silty soil. The new road is an elevated (18 to 24) pit run based profile with a crush gravel surface. The road base may have the effect of acting as a dike in the event of high water. 6. Vegetation A 1946 aerial photograph of the City of Kalispell depicts a park area that was almost entirely covered with vegetation. All of slopes were covered (60% density) in mature Ponderosa Pine, Douglas Fir and grasses. The low area was either covered in open water or riparian vegetation such as native cottonwood, native birch, spruce, willow, maple, dogwood, horsetails and other native species. The old park area had been somewhat domesticated with the planting of Horse - chestnut, European White Birch, Paper Birch trees with Colorado and Norway Spruce. In addition, the old park was populated with native tree species such as river birch and cottonwood. With the exception of the removal and (or) destruction of trees and shrubs in the filled open area and the gravel pit slope, plant communities remain similar to those depicted in the 1946 aerial. The gravel pit slope was stabilized in 1992. The surface was topsoiled and hydro -mulched with grasses and wildflower mix. The City plans to supplement the seeding with the planting of Ponderosa Pine and Douglas Fir. 7. Wildlife Habitat The riparian zone of Lawrence Park provides a diverse habitat for many wildlife species. An inventory of wildlife species was conducted in 1985 by Daniel Casey and Craig Hess. The study that was based on local observation, field notes, published reports and known wildlife preferences summarized known and expected birds, mammals and reptiles in the Lawrence Park area. The inventory listed 63 known and 82 expected bird species, 29 known and expected mammals, 5 known and expected reptiles and 5 known and expected amphibians. See appendix C for a full disclosure of Wild -life Values at LawrenceWild-lifePark: A background document to the proposed multiple -use plan including open space, by Casey and Hess. 627 street that bisected the current golf course was abandoned in May of 1972. Since the late 60's and early 70's, the pace of development has accepted' around the park. Most evident is the development of residential sites and of the medical campus including the hospital and several clinics and offices. The golf course was expanded to include Stillwater River bottom -land at the north end of the park. Golf hole 16 is oriented so that the green is on the upper peninsula of Lawrence Park (1975). The natural boundaries of Lawrence Park including the River and the slopes have remained intact through the onslaught modification over the years. Continued interest in the improvement, use and development of the park are currently promoted by the Friends of Lawrence Park and to a lesser degree the Kalispell Golf Association. The former advocates use of the park for family oriented recreation. The latter advocates the use of the open area for golf -related functions and(or) facilities. 9. Slope Stabilization An important event leading to the decision by the City Council to initiate the Lawrence Park Master Plan was the gravel pit stabilization project. The stabilization project was funded by the Montana Department of Natural Resources in 1990. The project was completed in the Fall of 1991. It was responsible for both stabilizing the slope between the golf course and park and for reconstructing the park access road. The project represented the City's ultimate decision to abandon extraction activities in the park land and to give the area back to the public for recreational use. 10. Summary - Historical Context There is no question that Lawrence Park has an established tradition as a public use "place" in Kalispell. Use and maintenance have been both inconsistent and limited over the past 77 years. Almost the entire park lies within an active floodplain zone. Periodic flooding has done damage and rendered areas either temporarily or permenently unuseable. The lesson of flooding and its inevitability is one we tend to forget. The early park area was small and manageable. The site consisted of approximately 2 acres with an access road from North Main Street. The City's practice of allowing the placement of fill in the north portion of the oxbow area created a twenty acre site without a designated use. This area has remained in a state of limbo since the early 50's. The area seems to have been just enough out of the way to merit comprehensive land management, The key to the future success of Lawrence Park relates to a wise plan for the use of the open au. It is clear as mandated by the Clean Water Act that the balance of the oxbow wetland area should be preserved and enhanced as a wildlife habitat and natural recharge area. Intrusions into the wetland should be minimized. The development goal should be observation of natural process rather than interference. We can learn from the early aerial photos that illustrate the natural processes that interacted in the filled area prior to its modification. It is important to note that given time, the River would reclaim what belongs to it. E f 11. The Lawrence Park Master Plan The planning effort summarized in the attached master plan illustration represents a one year effort by a committee comprised of the Director of the City Parks Department, the Friends of Lawrence Park, the park planner and other interested citizens. The committee met at least once a month from February 1992 through January of 1993. The agendas of the committee included review of and deliberation on the plan in process. 'The initial piannig effort included extensive field observation and data collection. The Park was photographed and videoed to establish an existing condition archive for future planning and implimentation. Following submittal of a newly constructed and delineated base map, background data and a management directive (see Appendix D) were reviewed and discussed. Work was then begun to formulate a concept for the development of the Park, This process was set in motion during the early Spring of 1992. Prior to delineating a concept plan, a definitive activity and land use program was set forth by the committee. The initial concept plan was presented in June. Refinements were made on the plan from July through August. The plan was presented to the public for comment in September 22, 1992. Refinements were again made on the plan in preparation for presentation to the City Council on September 28, 1992. Final preparation of the plan and supporting documents took place between November of 1992 and February of 1993. The Plan: The Lawrence Park Plan consists of the following components in order of occurence to the future Lawrence Park visitor: a) Native Species Arboretum (Phase VI) The arboretum is intended as an informal area displaying native trees and shrubs in a protected and iMportant location on the site. The arboretum will be the first park element seen by the visitor. The arboretum will be accessed by hard surface paths as shown. Clusters of vegetation and specimens will be labeled for identification and interpretative importance. The arboretum will serve as a buffer between the established residential neighbor hood above and more active elements in the park. The arboretum is approximately 5 acres in size or 8.3% of Lawrence Park. b) The Pond (Phase I) The proposed pond at Lawrence Park is intended to help restore some of the former extensive surface water environment and wildlife habitat which was lost in the past 50 years to flooding incidents and filling operations. The pond will be bounded on the west by hard surface trails. An observation shelter will be located close to adjacent parking to encourage waterside visits and observation of wildlife. Access to the west side of the pond ■ - -- , , enr...r r on A, 629 c) Multiple Purpose Area (Phase I) The proposed multi -purpose area will be the hub of Lawrence Park. The area will support active recreation such as open field informal sports, large group gatherings and special interest use groups. The 300 by 500 foot field will be constructed in the vicinity of the filled open space which already exists at Lawrence Park. It will provide a public play area for the surrounding neighborhood as well as the community. The adjacent pavillion, play ground, rest rooms and band shell will provide support facilities for a variety of users. The majority of parking spaces in the park will be oriented toward the multi -purpose area The hub area is approximately 12 acres in size or 20% of Lawrence Park. d) Lawrence Park Wetland Preserve and Interpretive Trail (Phase VH) The most important and sensitive component of Lawrence Park is the Wetland Preserve Area. This area represents a remnant of an active riparian zone which functioned within the Stillwater River Drainage prior to man's arrival in the Flathead. It is clear that this backwater zone once maintained the active channeof the River. It now serves as an in -town haven for wildlife and an island in a rapidly developing community There is no evidence of abuse of the area by the water department or the public in general. It is the goal of this plan to preserve this area as is with the exception of providing an interpretive (raised) boardwalk trail for the purpose of inviting the public to learn about the natural systems at work in the preserve. All other intrusions into the preserve will be actively discouraged. The area is approximately 20 acres in size or 1/3 (33.3%) of Lawrence Park. e) Riverside Park Area (Phase H) The proposed riverside area is intended to provide a more intimate active recreation area by comparison to the multi -purpose area. The area will provide a picnic setting with shelters, tables and grills in relative close proximity to the Stillwater River. Included in the plan are provisions for volleyball courts adjacent to the picnic area. The safety aspects of locating functions close to the River will be addressed during the detail and construction phases of the plan. The area is approximately 2 acres in size or 3.3% of Lawrence Park. f) Whitefish Stage Road Park Access (Phase M The City of Kalsipell owns a strip of property which connects Whitefish Stage Road with the Stillwater River and Lawrence Park. The committee proposes the construction of a parking lot on the City property with a pedestrian bridge providing access to the public on the east side of the park. The bridge would also provide access for bicyclers and walkers utilizing a future Kalispell / Edgerton Mission Village access route. The area is approximately 1 acre in size. g) Historic Lawrence Park (Phase 1) 630 area, etc.) should bring increased use and appreciation of the historic end of the park. It will offer the only public woodland 1 riparian trails within Kalispell's city boundaries. The area is approximately 13 acres in size or 22% of Lawrence Park. h) Roads, Parking and Trails (All Phases) The access road to and through Lawrence Park is intended to serve the entire range of community users... young, old and handicapped. The road will efficiently deliver park visitors to the different activity areas . The road will also enable both police and emergency vehicles easy access to all use zones. Parking likewise is dispersed throughout the park to allow visitors the opportunity to park near the activity area of their choice. There are 175 parking spaces indicted on the master plan. Handicap users will be able to access trail heads in all activity areas without having to travel long distance from parking areas. Trails are a very important component of the Lawrence Park Plan. The size, grades and diversity of the park make it very conducive for an extensive trail network. This allows all areas to be tied together with pedestrian access ways. It also responds to the historic use of the undeveloped park as a walking environment. Pedestrian routes through the park will allow a visitor to enter off of Whitefish Stage Road and access North Main Street along safe hard surface trails. The north end of the park will provide nature type trails through riparian zones while the boardwalk on the south end of the park provides the visitor with an opportunity to observe a wetland zone. Another exiting aspect of trails is the advent of the new Federal Transportation Act which may provide a source of funding for developing comprehensive linkage pedestrian and bicycle routes to other Parks (ie. Woodland Park) and to other parts of the community. 12. Implementation Phasing (see Appendix E) As noted on each of the above area/activities, the park will be phased into existence over a period of time. It seems reasonable to assume that this could be accomplished over a 15 year span. The following area activities are a associated with 5 year implementation increments: First Five Years (1993-1998) Phase 1-3 The Pond The Multi -Purpose Area The Historic Park Renovation Second live Years (1998-2003) Phase 4-b The whitefish Stage Acces The Band Shell The Arboretum The Historic Park Trail System Surfacing Third Five Years (2003-2008) Phase 7 E 631 1 Elwood, Henry. Kalispell, Montana and the Up, 'er F7athead Valley, Kalispell, Thomas Printing, 1980. Files, Kalispell Parks Deparanent, circa 1976 to 1992. City Council Minutes, circa 1976 to 1992. Appendix D. Management Zones The park consists of eight distinctive environmental and management zones: They include the following: 1) Riparian Zone land, vegetation and habitat adjacent to the StailIwater River exhibiting similar characteristics 2) Wedand Zone land, vegetation and habitat in the oxbow charnel area west of the StillwaterRiver and south of the filled open area 3) Woodland Zone land vegetation and habitat within any of the zones which has significant continuous tree cover 4) Native Slope Zone land vegetation and habitat in the sloped boundaries of the park which has been modified by man or machine 5) Managed Slope Zone and, vegetation and habitat in the sloped boundaries of the park which &U been modified by man or machine 6) Historic Park Zone land vegetation and habitat in the area of the parks that has a park management history dating back to 1915-1921(ie. Old Lawrence Park). 7) Open Space Zone land vegetation and habitat in the area of the park which was filled and otherwise modified between 1946 and 1991. 8) Access Zones - a_ pedestrian, b. bicycle, c. vehicular land which has been and will be dedicated to access corridors into and out of the park Zone 1 - Riparian Zane Management Directive The Riparian Zone of Lawrence Park shall be managed to achieve the following directives: 1) to abide by Federal and State Flood Plain Rules and Regulations, 2) to conserve and(or) maintain streambank stability, 3) to conserve and maintain streambank vegetation, 4) to maintain river visibility not in conflict with items 1-3, 5) to provide pedestrian access to river not in conflict with items 1-3, 6) to provide canoeing, kayaking or rafting access not in conflict with items 1-3, 7) to provide signage or other media for the purpose of: a. safety and rules b. education c. infonnation/direction d. area closure Zone 2 - Wetland Zone Management Directive The Wetland Zone of Lawrence Park shall be managed to achieve the following directives: 1) to abide by Federal and State Flood Plain and wetland Rules and Regulations, 2) to conserve, maintain, improve and possibly expand the wetland environment and wildlife habitat, 3) to remove deleterious material from the historic wetland area, 4) to provide limited pedestrian access to the wetland for the purpose education not in conflict with items 1-2. 5) to provide signage or other media for the purpose of: a. safety and rules b. education c. information/direction d. area closure Zane 3 - Woodland Zone Management Directive The Woodland Zone of Lawrence Park shall be managed to achieve the following directives: 1) to protect and enhance the woodland environment employing the following management technique: a. minimal disturbance of tree environment within wildlife habitat subzones b. removal of dead and dangerous trees, c. selective pruning when needed, d. selective thinning when needed, e. selective planting when and where needed 2) to expand woodland area where justified, 3) to provide and maintain limited pedestrian pathways, MJ.Ain fir the numose of: 633 The Open Space Zone of Lawrence Park shall be managed to achieve the following directives: 1) to abide by Federal and State Flood Plain Rules and Regulations, 2) to provide and maintain a community -oriented multiiple-use open space recreation area appropriate for field activities including informal field sports, 3) to provide and maintain a shelter facility for group gatherings 4) to provide refuge containers and continuous refuge removal, S) to provide grounds maintenance and irrigation during growing season, 6) to provide security and convenience lighting, 7) to provide security patrol, 8) to provide and maintain restroom facilities and drinking water, 9) to provide signage or other media for the purpose of: a. safety and rules b. education c. information/direction d. area closure 8) to identify and reclaim modified (asphalt dump) area for open space use. Zone 8a - Pedestrian Access Zone The Pedestrian Access Zones of Lawrence Park shall be managed to achieve the following directives: 1) to provide and maintain pedestrian routes to the Park from key community areas, 2) to provide and maintain pedestrian routes within the Park between and within Park Zones, 3) to provide for and maintain seperation of bicycle, pedestrian and vehicular access. 4) to provide and maintain pedestrian access accross the Stillwater River to and from Lawrence Park. Zone 8b - Bicycle Access Zone The Bicycle Access Zone of Lawrence Park shall be managed to achieve the following directives: 1) to provide and maintain bicycle routes to the Park from key community areas, 2) to provide and maintain bicycle routes within the Park between and within Park Zones, 3) to provide for and maintain seperation of bicycle, pedestrian and vehicular access. 4) to provide and maintain bicycle access accross the Stillwater River to and from Lawrence Park. Zone 8c - Vehicular Access Zone The Vehicular Access Zones of Lawrence Park shall be managed to achieve the following directives: 1) to abide by Federal and State Flood Plain Rules and Regulations, 2) to provide and maintain vehicular routes to the Park from one key community area, ■ 3) to provide and maintain vehicular routes linking the Open Space Zone with the Historic