03. Lake County RequestLAKE COUNTY
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April 28, 1994
Bruce Williams
City Manager
City of Kalispell
P. Q. Box 1997
Kalispell, MT 59901
Dear Bruce:
Thank you for allowing Alan Mikkelsen and I to meet with you on
April 21st. The issue that we discussed pertained to "Treatment
As a State" (TAS) by the Confederated Salish and Kootenai Tribes
(CSKT) of the Flathead Reservation. TAS allows Indian tribes to
be treated as state governments for the purposes of fulfilling
the Clean Water Act (CWA). This means that Indian tribes could
have the opportunity to set water quality standards and enforce
those standards. TAS applications are approved by EPA,. under
subsection 518 of the CWA.
The Confederated Salish and Kootenai Tribes have applied to EPA
for TAS treatment. This application was made over a year ago.
Approval has not been issued so far. This is largely due to the
objections voiced by the State of Montana, Lake County, Polson,
Ronan, and the three irrigation districts operating as the
Flathead Joint Board of Control.
This is an issue that will have impacts off the reservation,
also. Any governmental entity upstream of the reservation should
be concerned and opposing the TAS application of the CSKT. The
City of Albuquerque is now being forced by an Indian Pueblo
several miles downstream from the city to clean up the Rio Grande
River. The pueblo has received TAS approval from EPA and is
forcing Albuquerque to make the Rio Grande clean enough to drink
for "ceremonial purposes". Although Albuquerque has been
operating an EPA and state approved and permitted facility, they
are now faced with a possible $250 million expenditure to meet
the tribal standards. Enclosed are copies of newsclippings from
Albuquerque. The same potential exists for the cities of the
Flathead Valley upstream of the Flathead Reservation.
The CSKT are now engaged in a campaign to force EPA approval.
They have asked the 1200 Tribal employees to write Senator Baucus
and EPA, urging approval of the tribal request. Enclosed is a
copy of a tribal memo.
Bruce Williams
Page 2
We are asking that the City of Kalispell write to Senator Baucus
and Senator Burns, as well as EPA Region VIII Administrator
William Yellowtail and EPA Administrator Carol Browner, stating
your opposition to TAS status possibly to be awarded to the CSKT.
If it is necessary for Alan and myself to appear before your
council to make this request, we welcome the opportunity as soon
as possible. Recently the Flathead County Commission voted to
oppose the Tribes TAS application and we respectfully request
each city to do so as well.
Sincerely,
/* 0�4-&
Mike Hutchin
Lake County Commissioner
jd
Encs.
FLATHEAD BOARD CONTROL
.; BOX 639
1, 9
April 11, 1994
Dear Irrigator:
In March representatives of the Joint Board of Control (JBC)
met with Congressional staffs and high-ranking EPA officials in
Washington, D.C. Several issues that affect irrigators were
discussed. Among those issues was tribal environmental
regulatory authority. Following are some of the points we
discussed with the people we met with.
First, we emphasized that the issue before us is not one in
which we challenged the competence of a tribal government to
develop water quality standards or regulations, but whether it
has the legitimate authority to develop and enforce them for
activities on nonmember land, thus imposing it's political and
policy decisions on non-members who cannot participate
meaningfully in tribal government.
Second, we stated that a long list of recent U.S. Supreme
Court cases (Brendale; Duro; Bourland; Hagen; and others) have
severely limited tribal jurisdiction over non-member lands and
activities. The Supreme Court has clearly spoken to the limits
of tribal sovereignty, although some tribes have clearly not
heard the message.
Finally, government works best when the governed are active
participants in the process. In fact, if one is excluded from
full rights to participate in the entire political process, they
cannot be expected to respect the results of that process. It
simply lacks legitimacy in the minds of the people excluded.
obviously, this concerns the Tribes. All 1200 tribal
employees have received a memo (attached) orchestrating a tribal
letter writing campaign. The memo asks tribal employees who
support tribal jurisdiction over non-members to contact various
officials, suggests two form letters, and then asks employees to
furnish copies of the letters to tribal officials, along with a
list of calls the employees make. This creates a lot of pressure
on the tribal employees to call and write, knowing their effort
is being monitored by the tribal legal or administration
departments.
The JBC urges you to carefully read the attached tribal memo
and write to the same individuals, expressing your opinion
regarding tribal regulation of non-member lands and activities.
Sincerely, JBC
Memo -Tribal Employees
April 8, 1994
Page 2
Carol Browner
Administrator
U.S. EPA
401 M. Street, SW
Washington, DC 20460
Ph. 2021260-4700
Congress is currently working on major
pieces of federal legislation that will effect
the Tribes' environmental protection
efforts. Please voice your support now to
ensure that Congress does the right thing.
Send a copy of your correspondence to
Marion Yoder in the Legal Department or
Velda Shelby in Administration. Please let
them know if you called any of these
officials. Thank you.
For your convenience, I have attached the following two sample letters for you to send:
LETTER 1
Dear
I am a (member of the Confederated Salish and Kootenai Tribes/ resident) of the Flathead Indian Reservation in
northwest Montana. I enjoy the beauty, the quality of life and the unspoiled environment of the Reservation. I feel
that these things exist here today for my enjoyment Iargely because of the environmental ethic and efforts of the
Confederated Salish and Kootenai Tribal Government.
I understand that there are several pieces of environmental legislation pending that may threaten the Tribes' ability
to manage and regulate activities on the Reservation in a uniform manner. Those pieces of legislation include
reauthorization of the Clean Water Act (S. 1114, Safe Drinking Water Act (S. 1547) and Superfund or CERCLA
(S.1834).
Clean Water Act
I want you to know that I support continuation of the "Treatment as a State" (TAS) provisions as they stand in the
current lesislation because they allow Tribes to protect Reservation water quality for all residents in a unitary, uniform
manner. Tribes should be authorized to designate watershed management units in Indian Country or provide specific
consent to requests by Governors to make such designations involving Indian Country lands. I also encourage
increasing the set -aside for Indian prograrms under this act, because of the unequal funding Tribes receive in
comparison to States. Since this Act's passage in 1972, States have received $43 billion while $25 million was
devoted by EPA to Indian programs. I ask that the set -asides in the current legislation be increased and considered as
minimums for Indian programs, such as sewage treatment plant construction, rather than maximums.
Safe Drinkin' Water .act
"Drinking water supply areas" should be able to be designated for special protection by appropriate Tribal and
State officials alike, with respect to lands and waters subject to their regulatory authority. Specifically, states should
Memo -Tribal Employees
April 8, 1994
Page 3
not be able to include "Indian Country" within the definition of state drinking water supply areas, without specific
Tribal consent. Also Tribal officials should be allowed to declare lands and associated waters in Indian Country
subject to their authority as water supply areas. Groundwater protection grants should be made available, in fair
proportions, to both Tribal and state ooverriments, as appropriate.
Prfund-CERCLA
Tribes pursuing Natural Resource Damage Claims should be entitled, as other trustee governments are, to the
benefits of the rebuttable presumption of "regularity" of their damage claims when they choose to follow the
Department of Interior damage claim regulations. Tribes should be added to existing Section 107 (f) (2) (c) as a
Trustee government entitled to this legal benefit.
Thank you for the opportunity to express my viewpoints on these critical pieces of environmental legislation.
Sincerely,
Dear
As a (resident of the Flathead Reservation/ Tribal Member of the Confederated Salish and Kootenai Tribes), I am
writing to express my firm support for Tribal sovereignty on the Flathead Reservation. With the current tribal
environmental standards, we have all enjoyed Reservation recreational activities and would like the Tribes to continue
protecting and maintaining Reservation resources. I understand that there are several pieces of federal environmental
legislation pending which may effectively restrict the Tribes' ability to regulate their ow7t environmental standards on
the Flathead Reservation. The pending legislation includes: Reauthorization of the Clean Water Act (S. 1114), the
Safe Drinking Water Act (S. 1547) and Superfund or CERCLA (S. 1834).
With regard to the Clean Water Act, I support Section 518 in its present form which recognizes Tribal
Governments in the " Federal -State partnership" relationship. I am opposed to the proposed provision that allows a
State to include Reservation lands in watershed management units. The proposed Clean Water Act legislation also
poses a serious threat to already underfunded tribal programs such as sewage treatment plant construction. I
encourage you to revise the proposed language to state that "no less than 1 % of the state revolving fund for sewage
treatment plant construction be set aside for tribal programs instead of "no more than." This would provide the
Tribes more opportunity to construct much needed sewage treatment plants on the Flathead Reservation.
With regard to the Safe Drinking Water Act, S.1547, I oppose any attempt to allow States to include "Indian
Country" in their defined drinking water supply areas without specific Tribal consent. Tribes should be allowed to
designate such areas in Indian Country. Also, the funding process should be refined so that Tribes are not required to
complete elaborate and cumbersome "treatment as a state" process simply to apply for these grants.
Finally, I am opposed to Section 107(f) (2) (C) of Superfund (CERCLA) S. 1834 which unfairly excludes Tribal
Trustees from using the "rebuttal presumption of regularity" in establishing tribal natural resource damage claims.
Tribes should be provided the same benefits as Federal and State Trustees to the "rebuttal presumption of regularity"
of their damage claims when they choose to follow the Department of Interior damage claim regulations.
Please consider these recommendations with the pending legislation. Again, I would like to express my full
support for maintaining tribal environmental regulations and tribal management on the Flathead Reservation.
Sincerely,
ALI ___;
I
112th Yehr, No. 246 It 104 Pages In
Water Rides
Could Cost
2 5` 0 Mffiolill
City Facing Expensive
Indian; EPA Proposals `
1
By Rene k1mball
JOURNAL. STAFF WRITER
Albuquerque, officials now say the city
could face a $250 million hill if Itil sewage
effluent must meet strict water -quality
standards beingg sought by Isleta Pueblo.
Gene I.eyendecker, head of the City
Wastewater Utility Division, said Tuesday
at a news conferebi b called by C1#y Coudcil
President Pauline Gubbels that his
"guesstimate" of the cost to meet Isleta's '
standards would be In the ballpark of 250
million -- rott rqly tbg�, iquivalemt ot° the
rnotiey Albuquerque has invested In Its
South Valley sewage -treatment plant.
"We'd have to duplicate thl8 Who down
here," Leyendecker said later, gesturtng
toward the trickling filters And settling
ponds outside laid dffice At the be*dr plant.
Isleta earlier thla yMr adopted water -
quality staridat•di that city bfflciald Bay
essentially mdfin the Rld Grande would
have to meet federal drinking water stan-
dards.
In a separate Issue, the U.S. Envtronmen=
tat Protection Agency is proposing to lower
the litnits ai Aeve'ral tlollutAirtA lit Ilia blty'e
effluent. L,eyendecker EsIHAted the cost of
neW treatment t'quipment to meet the new
EPA limits for AmmonlA chlorine, silver,
boron and cyanide tvoula ind the city W
million to $106 million.
Lyendecker said he didn't make It rle-O' n
an Interview eacller t"oio week teat those
figures covered only the cost of new
treatment plants to mbkt the proposed EPA
standards.
If the city has to bring effident up to
drinking -water quality, eg he Mid Isleta
MORE: See WATER on PAGE A4
Water
Rtdes
Could Cost
$250
0
CONTINUED FROM PAGE Al
Pueblo Is seeking, the total figure
then rises to $250 million.
City officials have said Isleta
wants the new standards In part
because some residents drink river
water in ceremonies.
Private and community wells sup-
ply regular pueblo drinking water.
Isleta Pueblo Gov. Alex Lucero
and Tribal Co—uncit President Verna
Williamson did not return calls to
their offices Monday and Tuesday.
The federal Clean Water Act
allows Indian tribes to be treated as
states by the EPA and Betepmtne
their own water quality standards.
lsleta's proposed standards are
being reviewed by the EPA, and city
officials believe they will be
approved.
City officials predict the matter
ultimately will be settled to court.
In letters to pueblo leaders and
their Albuquerque attorney over
the past year, city officials have
asked for meetings with Isleta to
discuss ongoing water -quality stud-
ies the city Is doing. L.eyendecker
Paid pueblo officials have been
unresponsive.
One of the city's complaints is
that, according to the state Water
Quality Control Commission,
sources such as sewage treatment
plants and industrial plants amount
to only 2 percent of the pollution in
the Rio Grande. So, even if Albu-
querque were to dump only
drinking -water quality effluent Into
the river, that wouldn't do much to
clean up the Rio Grande.
The remaining 98 percent of the
contamination — such things as silt
and heavy metals — comes from
widely dispersed sources as storm
runoff and activities such as min-
ing, Leyendecker said.
Cities around the nation are fac-
ing tougher sewage cleanup re-
quirements under the federal Water
Quality Act of 1987, said. David
Bary, spokesman for the EPA In
Dallas.
Albuquerque's discharge permit
expired in June 1991, but the city
continues to operate its sewage
treatment plant on the Itandards
contained In that permit, Leyen-
deckersald. '
The city has applied for a new
five-year permit. EPA has written a
draft permit, that includes the the
1-'eter limits for ammonia, boron,
silver, chlorine and cyanide.
The city expects EPA to hold a
public hearing on the proposed
permit.
Gubbels called the news confer-
ence to Introduce the Idea of con-
structed wetlands as a' possible
answer to the city's effluent
predicament.
She and Eernalillo County Com-
mission Chairman Pat Baca are
endorsing a study of artificlat wet-
lands to filrther treat sewage before
It Is dumped Into the Rio Grande or
reinjected Into the aquifer.
Gubbels said a constructed wet-
lands could be designed as a park or
community open space with mar-
shes or pondh that also could nrn-
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