10. Architects Design Group - Fire Station Delivery Options4D City of Kalispell
Post Office Box 1997 - Kalispell, Montana 59903-1997 - Telephone (406)758-7700 Fax(406)758-7758
REPORT TO: Mayor Boharski and City Council Members
FROM: Craig Kerzman, Building Official
Chris Kukulski, City Manager
SUBJECT: Project Delivery Options and Recommendations
MEETING DATE: July 2, 2001
BACKGROUND: The City initiated a space needs study which has advanced to the
Point where the results of the study can be implemented. Information gained thus far will
be used for project design and facility construction to resolve the identified needs. The
City staff asked ADG to investigate three delivery options: design -bid -build, construction
manager at risk and design -build. Attached is a report of ADG's investigation and
recommendation to go the design -bid -build as the delivery option.
Once this decision is made, we will need to wait until the Downtown Urban Renewal
project list has been amended before moving any further.
RECOMMENDATION: The City Council pass a motion adopting the consultant's
analysis and recommendation to proceed with the design -bid -build as the delivery option.
ALTERNATIVES: As suggested by Council
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Craig KoWz
an
Building Official
C"x . 9�.
Chris A. Kukulski
City Manager
Attachments: Delivery options analysis and recommendation
Report compiled: June 28, 2001
Architects
Design
Group
Number One Sunset Plaza • Kalispell, MT 599o1
406-257-7125 FAX.,406-756-3409
June 25, 2001
City of Kalispell
P.O. Box 1997
Kalispell, Montana 59901
Attn: Chris Kukulski, City Manager
Re: Fire Station
Dear Chris,
In response to your questions regarding the delivery methods the City might consider in the design and
construction of a new Fire Station, I enclose a discussion for three of the most utilized. They include
design -bid -build, contractor -construction manager at risk, and design -build. Each methodology is
described including a relationship diagram and the positive and negative aspects of each.
In order to complete a recommendation about delivery, I have developed a draft schedule for your review.
This schedule is important because it indicates there is ample time to enter a construction agreement
prior to the June 17, 2002 deadline, utilizing any of the delivery methods.
I believe there is some question as to the legality of entering into a publicly funded project by any
construction delivery method other then those formed by competitive bid. In an effort to gain some
current insight, I spoke with Mr. Russ Katherman, State of Montana Architecture & Engineering Division
construction contracts administrator. In his opinion, because the legislature did not authorize the
alternative forms of delivery before them in the last session, competitive construction bidding remains the
single legal method.
Regarding your question, the possible legal issues do not change my recommendation. It is my opinion
the City should pursue the design -bid -build scenario. I make this recommendation because:
A. Time is not an issue. I see no reason to complicate the process.
B. The City would be best served in a process that is very interactive with the design team, where the
owner significantly participates in decisions regarding scope, quality, cost and time issues.
C. This is a process with very simple lines of responsibility that are historically well understood. The City
should not require additional professional representation to successfully implement nor complete the
project.
I provide the following information as an abbreviated comparison between the delivery methods under
consideration.
JohnW Peterson, A.I.A. Michael A.Absalonson,A.I.A. Glen aAnacker,A.I.A. Frank J. di Stefano, A.I.A.
A. Design -Bid -Build
Positive Factors
• Project scope, quality and time are developed with owner participation and well defined prior
to construction agreement execution.
• Construction cost at the time of agreement execution is based upon full design documents.
• Roles of the owner, architect and contractor are historically understood and time tested.
Negative Factors
• Construction cost, although estimated, is not confirmed until the time of bidding.
B. Contractor/Construction Manager at Risk
Positive Factors
• Capability to reduce overall time lines through fast -track project management.
• May provide guaranteed maximum cost early in the design process.
Negative Factors
• Not in an agency role with the owner. As a constructor, contractor is also a vendor to the
owner.
• Under guaranteed maximum price or fixed price, project scope or quality is subject to revision
to meet contractor cost commitments. Scope and quality may be in question.
• This form of delivery is sufficiently new that there is no widespread agreement on risks and
rewards.
C. Design -Build
Positive Factors
• Capability to reduce overall time lines through fast -track project management.
• May provide guaranteed maximum cost early in the design process.
Negative Factors
• Under guaranteed maximum price or fixed price, project scope or quality is subject to revision
to meet design -builder cost commitments. Scope and quality may be in question.
• Owner does not usually have the ability to select "designer" -architect based upon qualification
to project type.
• Owner may not be in a position to write performance criteria as a basis to select design -build
team.
Architects Design Group has provided services to clients within all of the delivery options described in this
letter and the attachments. We have also provided design -build services as a project developer.
Through these experiences, I feel my recommendation to pursue Design -Bid -Build is given from a
practical perspective, not just academic.
I attached contract forms provided by the American Institute of Architects for your further reference. They
are included because their review will enlighten you to the nuances of each delivery method, in specific
contract language.
If you have questions regarding this information, please feel free to call.
Sincerely,
Uul
Michael A. Absalonson, A.I.A.
Cc File
Encl Noted
PROJECT DELIVERY METHODOLOGY
INTRODUCTION
There are three predominant methods for the delivery of a building project.
These methods include the traditional Design -Bid -Build, Construction
Management and Design Build. There are several variations to each of
these delivery methods, and each variation reflects special project
requirements.
This discussion addresses Design -Bid -Build, Construction Management
where the General Contractor -Construction Manager is at risk and Design -
Build. Each method of delivery has positive and negative aspects, and may
place the owner and the various design and construction professionals in
different role relationships.
References have been made to American Institute of Architects documents.
Review of this information greatly enhances ones ability to understand the
specific demands of each delivery method.
Architects
Design
F// Group
1
Project Delivery Methods
DESIGN -BID -BUILD
Design -Bid -Build is the predominate method of project delivery of both
publicly funded and private projects in Montana. In its most usual form
the process allows for the selection of an architectural/engineering team
who provides design, bidding and construction contract administration
services on the owners' behalf, in close association with the owner.
Usually a single general contractor constructs the project.
The relationship diagram below shows the owner has separate agreements
with the architect and the contractor. Communication between the owner
and the contractor is generally through the architect. The architect acts as
an administrator between the prime contracting parties.
Reference: A.I.A. Document A101-1997-Stipulated Sum
Positive Aspects of Design -Bid -Build
Roles of the owner, architect and contractor are well defined
• Owner is highly involved in the design process and the design is fully
developed before bidding proceeds
At the time of bidding, project scope, quality and time are well defined
• Construction cost is based upon a full design documents, and usually
developed based upon the competitive bidding process
• Scheduling is generally not complicated
Negative Aspects of Design -Bid -Build
• The sequential process may be more time consuming then some
alternative delivery methods
• Cost, although estimated, is not confirmed until the time of bidding
2
Project Delivery Methods
CONTRACTOR -CONSTRUCTION MANAGER AT RISK
Over the last thirty years the "time" factor relating to construction projects
has become more focused. Construction management as a profession
formed a method of delivery that may allow a project to be divided into
any number or types of smaller contracts. This division and scheduling
often allows the project to begin construction before all of the issues are
identified.
The construction manager may serve the owner as either an advisor or as a
construction contractor. In the role of an advisor, the CM manages the
separate construction contracts, but has no financial responsibility for the
actual construction work. When acting as the construction contractor, the
CM undertakes financial risk by entering agreements under fixed -price,
cost-plus or a guaranteed maximum price scenario. This removes the risk
of cost and control responsibilities from the owner. The later scenario is
the Contractor -Construction Manager at Risk.
From "The Architects Handbook of Professional Practice, vol. 2, page 395
"Specific CM responsibilities may vary from project to project. While the
A.I.A. and others publish standard forms of CM agreement, the delivery
approach is sufficiently new that there is no widespread agreement on
roles, responsibilities, risks, and rewards."
Architect & Consultants
Owner
Contractor/CM at
Risk
Subcontractors I I Subcontractors I I Subcontractors
Reference: A.I.A. Document A121/CMc-1991 [Guaranteed Maximum
Price]
3
Project Delivery Methods
Positive Aspects of the Construction Manager at Risk
Capability to reduce overall time lines through fast -hack project
management
May provide guaranteed maximum cost early in the process
Negative Aspects of the Construction Manager at Risk
Not in an agency role with the owner, but a vendor to the owner
• May represent additional management fees to owner
May effect traditional relationship management expectations
May effect traditional allocation of risk expectations
• Under guaranteed maximum price or fixed price, project scope or
quality subject to revision to meet cost commitments
Under cost-plus a fee there is no guarantee of cost
4
Project Delivery Methods
DESIGN -BUILD
Where design -bid -build and construction manager at risk options usually
provide the owner with contractual relationships that separate the design
and construction portions of the work, the Design -Build option offers a
single point of responsibility with no separation of design and construction.
From "The Architects Handbook of Professional Practice, Vol. 2, page 398
Design -Build is described; ..."most appropriate in situations where the
owner is in a good position to specify requirements, is reasonably sure of
what the market -place will supply and has confidence in a single entity's
ability to both design and construct the project"
Consulting Architect
Owner Option
Owner
Design -Build Entity
Record Architect I I Trade Contractor I I Trade Contractor
Reference: A.I.A. Document A191
Where the owner does not have the ability to fully define the project in
terms the design builder may use to establish quality and cost, the owner
may retain an architect to assist in a "consulting" role, not a prime design
and administration role. Communication generally occurs between the
parties of the agreement, not the architect.
Positive Aspects of Design -Build
Avoids owner interface coordination of designer -contractor
• Capability to reduce overall time lines through fast -track project
management
• May provide guaranteed maximum cost early in the process
• May provide financing, or land acquisition where owner is not
financially capable
• May provide build -leaseback
5
Project Delivery Methods
• May build -operate -transfer as options
Negative Aspects of Design -Build
• Single point responsibility places no traditional entity in a position to
represent the owner' interests
• Unless owner is sophisticated, owner may have to retain architect to
assist with writing of performance requirements used as a basis to
select design -build team.
Owner may be required to retain consultant to evaluate proposals,
administer contracts, payments and site quality -contract performance
issues
Under guaranteed maximum price or fixed price, project scope or
quality subject to revision to meet cost restrictions
There are similar hybrid delivery methods referred to as "design build".
They may include various forms of design and general contracting where
either the architect or the general contractor undertake "team leader"
responsibilities. The defining feature is that each is involved in the process
at an early stage and at the same time, although one is administratively
subservient to the other.
Consulting Architect
Owner Option
Owner
Design -Build Entity
Contractor
Record Architect I I Trade Contractor I I Trade Contractor
Contractor is Design Builder and Single Point of Contact
6
Project Delivery Methods
sulting Architect
Owner Option
Owner
Design -Build Entity
Architect
Contractor
Trade Contractor I I Trade Contractor I I Trade Contractor
Architect is Design Builder and Single Point of Contact
7
Project Delivery Methods
CITY OF KALISPELL
NEW FIRE STATION & REMODELING
SCHEDULE
KALISPELL • MONTANA
ARCHITECTS DESIGN GROUP
ADG: 01-111 C -
06/25/01
PROJECT SCHEDULE
ACTIVITY BEGIN END PERIOD NOTES
Begin Advertising for Architects
06/22/01
07/20/01
29
Interview
07/24/01
07/24/01
1
Select Design Team
07/25/01
07/27/01
3
Negotiate Fees & Execute Agreeements
07/27/01
07/31/01
5
Begin Project Programming
08/01/01
08/13/01
13
FIRE DEPARTMENT
PHASE 1: Build Fire Station
Schematic Design
08/13/01
09/07/01
26
Schematic Design Costing
09/10/01
09/17/01
8
Authorization to Proceed
09/17/01
09/17/01
1
Revision to Urban Renewal Plan
12/01/01
2002
Design Development
10/03/01
01/11/02
40
Design Development Costing
01/14/02
02/04/01
22
Authorization to Proceed
02/05/02
02/05/02
2
Construction Documents
02/05/01
04/08/02
63
Construction Document Costing
04/08/02
04/26/02
19
City Authorizes Bidding
04/29/02
04/29/02
1
Reproduction of Bidding Documents
04/29/02
05/03/02
5
Let Bids
05/06/02
Receive Bids
05/30/02
Evaluate Bids & Recommend Contractor
05/31/02
05/31/02
1
Prepare Agreements & Bonds
05/31/02
06/07/02
8
Execute Construction Agreements
06/10/02
06/10/02
1
Begin Construction Phase 1 Station
06/11/02
Project Schedule 1
2003
Construction Substantial Completion
Fire Department Moves to New Station
CITY HALL
PHASE 2: Remodeling of Fire Station
Begin Construction Phase 2 Remodeling
Construction Substantial Completion
Departments Move to New Offices
06/13/03 363/12M
06/16/03 06/27/03 12
06/30/03
02/27/04 211/8M
03/01/04 03/12/04 12
Project Schedule 2