09. Ordinance 1369 - Zoning Text Amendment - Expansion of Nonconforming Uses - 1st ReadingFlatheade Development ice
723 5th Avenue East - Room 414
Kalispell, Montana 59901
Phone: (406) 758-5980
Fax: (406) 758-5781
REPORT TO: Kalispell Mayor and City Council
FROM: Narda A. Wilson, Senior Planner
Chris A. Kukulski, City Manager
SUBJECT: Zoning Text Amendment - Expansion of Nonconforming Uses
MEETING DATE: October 2, 2000
BACKGROUND: An application for an amendment to the Kalispell Zoning Ordinance
has been filed to allow for minor expansions to nonconforming uses. As the
regulations currently exist no expansions can be made to a nonconforming use other
than routine maintenance. The applicant is proposing to allow the expansion of a
nonconforming use and associated structures up to a maximum of 50 percent
subject to a nonconforming use permit. More specifically, expansions of 25 percent
or less would be reviewed and granted administratively by the zoning administrator.
Expansions of more than 25 percent but less than 50 percent would be subject to
the procedures for a conditional use permit and evaluated under the conditional use
permit criteria. The applicant has a medical office in the east side of Kalispell that
is zoned R-3, Residential. The office is grandfathered under the non -conforming use
provisions of the zoning ordinance. However, the current provisions in the zoning
ordinance do not allow any modifications to the building that would result in an
expansion of the square footage of the building or the "use." The applicant would
like to place a small addition onto the existing building to provide for better client
access to the building and to function as additional office space. Under the current
zoning regulations, no modifications or alterations can be made to a nonconforming
building other than routine maintenance. Any properties within the Kalispell
zoning jurisdiction that are occupied by a non -conforming use could potentially be
affected by the proposed change.
This section in the regulations has been problematic occasionally in the past
particularly in situations where even minor modifications or expansions to
conforming uses cannot be made, for instance to add a handicapped bathroom.
Often the only other option available to the applicant is to apply for a zone change.
That course of action is generally not the best option either because it would result
in the creation of an island zoning that is generally incompatible with the
surrounding zoning and would allow for many other uses on the property in
addition to the existing nonconforming use. The other option is to request an
amendment to the zoning regulations, but typically this course of action is not
pursued.
Flathead County, Whitefish and Columbia Falls allow the expansion of a
nonconforming use up to 50 percent of the building, structure or use subject to a
conditional use permit.
Providing Community Planning Assistance To:
• Flathead County • City of Columbia Falls • City of Kalispell • City of Whitefish
Memo to Council on Text Amendment for Expansion of Nonconforming Uses
September 22, 2000
Page 2
The planning board wanted the council to consider another issue that relates to the
treatment of nonconforming uses in Kalispell. Currently the regulations do not
allow a change from one nonconforming use to another nonconforming use, but
require the same use to occupy the building. For instance, when Gardner Auction
moved to Highway 93 South from their former Airport Road location, no other
"auction facility" could be found to occupy the property. Under the zoning that was
the only other use which could go into the building. As a result the zoning on this
property was ultimately changed from the previous RA-1, Low Density Residential
Apartment, to I-1, Light Industrial. The light industrial zoning was introduced into
an area that is otherwise residential. Additionally, any number of uses in additional
to an auction facility are now allowed in that area.
Flathead County, Whitefish and Columbia Falls all allow a change in nonconforming
uses subject to the issuance of a conditional use permit provided the impacts
associated with the new nonconforming use would not be any greater in terms of
traffic, hours of operation, storage of materials and overall impacts than the
previous nonconforming use. This information is being included to provide a clearer
understanding of how nonconforming uses have been addressed in other
jurisdictions in relation to the policy in Kalispell.
The Kalispell City -County Planning Board held a public hearing at their regular
meeting of September 12, 2000 and have unanimously recommended that the city
council approve the proposed changes to the Kalispell Zoning Ordinance.
RECOMMENDATION: A motion to adopt the ordinance on first reading would be
appropriate.
FISCAL EFFECT'S: Potentially minor positive effects.
ALTERNATIVES: As suggested by the city council.
Narda A. Wilson Chris A. Kukulski
Senior Planner City Manager
Report compiled: September 22, 2000
Attachments: Transmittal letter and Exhibit A (changes)
FRDO report KZTA-00-01 and application materials
Draft minutes from 9/ 12/00 planning board meeting
H: \ FRDO \TRANSMIT \ KALISPEL \ 2000 \KZTA00-1 MEM. C
AN ORDINANCE AMENDING SECTIONS 27.25.020 AND 27.25.030 OF THE
KALISPELL ZONING ORDINANCE, (ORDINANCE NO. 1175), BY AMENDING THE
NONCONFORMING LOTS, USES AND STRUCTURES REGULATION TO ALLOW FOR
MINOR EXPANSIONS TO A NONCONFORMING USE, AND DECLARING AN EFFECTIVE
•
WHEREAS, Flathead Regional Development Office has submitted a
written request to amend Sections 27.25.020 and 27.25.030
of the Kalispell Zoning Ordinance, by allowing for minor
expansions to nonconforming uses, and
WHEREAS, the request was forwarded to the Kalispell City -County
Planning Board and Zoning Commission by the Flathead
Regional Development Office after having been evaluated
under 27.14.030, Kalispell Zoning Ordinance, and
WHEREAS, the Kalispell City -County Planning Board and Zoning
Commission recommended that the text of the Kalispell
Zoning Ordinance be amended to reflect the change, and
WHEREAS, the City Council has reviewed the FRDO Report and the
transmittal from the Kalispell City -County Planning Board
and Zoning • and hereby adopts the findings made
in Report #KZTA-00-1 as the Findings of Fact applicable
• this Ordinance.
NOW, THEREFORE, BE IT ORDAINED BY THE CITY COUNCIL • THE CITY •
KALISPELL AS FOLLOWS:
SECTION I. The City of Kalispell Zoning Ordinance,
Ordinance No. 1175, is hereby amended as
follows:
27.25. 020: Nonconforming Uses of Land. Where at the time of
passage of this code lawful use of land exists
which would not be permitted by the regulations
imposed by this title, the use may be continued so
long as it remains otherwise lawful, provided:
a. No such nonconforming structure may be altered or
enlarged in any way which increases its
nonconformity except as provided in -Section
1368 nonconforming.wpd
27.25.030-144,1 • any structure • portion thereof
may be altered to decrease its nonconformity.
b. Should such structure be moved for any reason for
any distance whatever, it shall thereafter conform
to the regulations for the district in which it is
located after it is moved.
C. Should a nonconforming use of land be discontinued
for a period of one hundred eighty (180) days,
further use of the property shall conform to this
ordinance.
27 . 2 5. 03 0: Nonconforming Uses of Structures. If lawful use of
a structure, or of structures and premises, exist
at the effective date of adoption or amendment of
this code that would not be allowed in the district
under the terms of this title, the lawful use may
be continued so long as it remains otherwise
lawful, providing that:
a. No existing structure devoted to a nonconforming
use shall be enlarged, extended, constructed, or
structurally altered, unless the use is changed to
a permitted use, or the enlargement, extension,
construction or structural alteration is
accomplished according to the Drovisions of Section
27.25.030(6).
b. Any nonconforming use may be extended to any other
part of a building designed for such use, but no
such use may be extended in any way to occupy land
outside the building except as provided in Section
27. 25. 03 0 (6) .
C. Any structure, or structure and land, in or on
which a nonconforming use is superseded by a
permitted use shall thereafter conform to the
regulations of the district in which it is located
and the nonconforming use may not thereafter be
resumed.
d. Whenever a nonconforming use of a structure or a
premises ceases for one hundred and eighty (180)
days, the structure or premises shall not
thereafter be used except in conformance with the
regulations of the district in which it is located.
The term "ceases" as used in this subsection shall
mean that the activity in question has not been in
1368 nonconforming.wpd 2
operation for a period of one hundred eighty (180)
days.
e. Where nonconforming use status applies to both
structure and land, the removal or destruction of
the structure shall eliminate the nonconforming
status of the land.
f. A structure devoted to a nonconforminq use may be
enlarged, extended, constructed or structurally
altered, and a use of land devoted to a
nonconforming use may be enlarged or extended, if a
nonconforming use permit is obtained.
a. Any changes(s) allowed by such permit(s)
is/are limited to a cumulative increase of 50
percent in the area devoted to the
nonconforming use. The allowable increase
shall apply to each of the following.:- the
gross square footage of land occupied by the
use, the gross square footage of the footprint
of the structure(s) and the gross square
footage of the floor area of the structure(s).
b. Whenever the expansion of_a nonconforming use
involves an increase of 25 percent or less of
the area devoted to the nonconforming use, a
nonconforming use expansion permit shall be
issued as an administrative conditional use
permit as per Section 27.34.040(2).
C. A nonconforming use expansion permit for an
expansion involving more than 25 percent, but
less than or eqLial to 50 percent, shall be
obtained by following the procedures for a
conditional use permit set for in Section
27.34.010, et seq.- In which case, the city
council shall review the application under the
provisions of Section 27.34.080 through
27.24.200.
27.25.040. Nonconforming Accessory Uses and Structures.
SECTION II® All parts and portions of ordinance No. 1175
not amended hereby remain unchanged.
1368 nonconforming.wpd
SECTION III. This Ordinance shall take effect thirty (30)
days after its final passage.
PASSED AND APPROVED BY THE CITY COUNCIL AND SIGNED BY THE MAYOR OF
THE CITY • KALISPELL THIS •* OF 1 •••
Wm E. Boharski
Mayor
Theresa White
City Clerk
1368 nonconforming.wpd 4
Flathead Regional Development Office
723 5th Avenue East - Room 414
KalispelL Montana 59901
Phone: (406) 758-5980
Fax: (406) 759-5781
September 21, 2000
Chris Kukulski, City Manager
City of Kalispell
P.O. Box 1997
Kalispell, MT 59903
Re: Zoning Text Amendment - Expansion of Non -Conforming Uses
Dear Chris:
The Kalispell City -County Planning Board met in regular session on Tuesd.y,
September 12, 2000 and held a public hearing on a request by Louise Swanberg for a
text amendment addressing the expansion of nonconforming uses. The proposed
amendments are intended to allow the limited expansion of non -conforming uses.
Narda Wilson presented a staff report and stated that staff supported the proposal
and recommend approval of the proposed text amendment. The expansion would
allow for expansions of less than 25 percent by administrative review and from more
than 25 percent up to 50 percent through a conditional use permit.
During the public hearing, Randall Ogle, attorney for the petitioner, spoke in favor of
the proposed amendment stating that this would allow Dr. Swanberg to square off the
building and create an entrance with an awning for handicapped accessibility. No one
spoke in opposition.
The board discussed the proposal and adopted staff report #KZTA-00-1 as findings of
fact and, based on those findings unanimously voted to forward a recommendation to
the City Council to approve the amendments to the Kalispell Zoning Ordinance.
Please schedule this matter for the October 2, 2000 regular
You can contact this board or Narda Wilson at the Flathead
Office if you have any questions regarding our recommendation.
Sincerely,
Kalispell City -County Planning Board
'resident A. JohnPn
JJ/NW/dw
City Council meeting.
Regional Development
Providing Community Planning Assistance To:
Flathead County ® City of Columbia Falls - City of Kalispell ® City of Whitefish
Zoning Text Amendment — Louise E. Swanberg
September 12, 2000
Page 2
Attachments: FRDO Report #KZTA-00-1 /Application Materials
Draft planning board minutes of 9 / 12 / 00
c w/Att: Theresa White, Kalispell City Clerk
c: R. Ogle, Box 899, Kalispell, MT 59903-0899
D. Greer, P.O. Box 7606, Kalispell, MT 59903
H: ... \TRANSMIT\ KALISPEL\ 2000 \ KZTA-00- I
EXHIBIT A
PROPOSED AMENDMENTS TO THIS CHAPTER
CHAPTER 27.25
NONCONFORMING LOTS, USES AND STRUCTURES
27.25.010 Intent
27.25.020 Nonconforming Uses of Land
27.25.030 Nonconforming Uses of Structures
27.25.040 Nonconforming Accessory Uses and Structures
27.25.045 Changes to Nonconforming Residential Structures
27.25.050 Repairs and Maintenance
27.25.060 Reconstruction
27.25.010: Intent. It is the intent of this chapter to permit nonconformities which
were lawful before the adoption of this code to continue until they are
removed. It is further the intent of this chapter that nonconformities
shall not, unless otherwise permitted by this chapter, be enlarged upon
or expanded, or be used as grounds for adding other structures or uses
prohibited elsewhere in the same district. (Amended Ordinance No.
1218.)
Nonconforming uses are declared by this chapter to be incompatible
with permitted uses in the district involved. However, to avoid undue
hardship, nothing in this chapter shall be deemed to require a change in
the plans, construction or designated use of any building on which
actual construction was law -fully begun prior to the effective date of
adoption or amendment to this title and which actual building
construction has been carried on diligently. A change of tenancy,
ownership, or management of any legally existing nonconforming use is
allowed.
27.25.020: Nonconforming Uses of Land. Where at the time of passage of this
code lawful use of land exists which would not be permitted by the
regulations imposed by this title, the use may be continued so long as it
remains otherwise lawful, provided:
a. No such nonconforming structure may be altered or enlarged in
any way which increases its nonconformity except as provided in
Section 27.25.030(5), but any structure or portion thereof may be
altered to decrease its nonconformity.
b. Should such structure be moved for any reason for any distance
whatever, it shall thereafter conform to the regulations for the
district in which it is located after it is moved.
C. Should a nonconforming use of land be discontinued for a period
of one hundred eighty (180) days, further use of the property shall
conform to this ordinance.
27.25.030: Nonconforming Uses of Structures. If lawful use of a structure, or of
structures and premises, exist at the effective date of adoption or
amendment of this code that wo 11d not be allowed in the district under
the terms of this title, the lawful use may be continued so long as it
remains otherwise lawful, providing that:
a. No existing structure devoted to a nonconforming use shall be
enlarged, extended, constructed, or structurally altered, unless
the use is changed to a permitted use, or the enlargement,
extension, construction or structural alteration is accomplished
according to the provisions of Section .7.25.030(6).
b. Any nonconforming use may be extended to any other part of a
building designed for such use, but no such use may be extended
in any way to occupy land outside the building except as provided
in Section 27.25.030(6,1.
c. Any structure, or structure and land, in or on which a
nonconforming use is superseded by a permitted use shall
thereafter conform to the regulations of the district in which it is
located and the nonconforming use may not thereafter be
resumed.
d. Whenever a nonconforming use of a structure or a premises
ceases for one hundred and eighty (180) days, the structure or
premises shall not thereafter be used except in conformance with
the regulations of the district in which it is located. The term
"ceases" as used in this subsection shall mean that the activity in
question has not been in operation for a period of one hundred
eighty (180) days.
e. Where nonconforming use status applies to both structure and
land, the removal or destruction of the structure shall eliminate
the nonconforming status of the land.
of a
MINI"• 11
•• - •- ., •• - • - •.
•- - •• •'•
S•! •• •u• •• - -.•• •• •-••• • .• •.• ••
-• • • •- �.. •-
27.25. 40. Nonconforming Accessory Uses and Structures. No use or structure
which is accessory to a principal nonconforming use or structure shall
continue after such principal use or structure shall have ceased or
terminated, unless such accessory use or structure shall thereafter
conform to all the regulations of the zoning district in which it is located.
Nonconforming signage shall be further regulated by Section 27.24.150
of this ordinance.
27.25.045. Changes to Nonconforming Residential Structures. A residential
structure conforming with respect to use but nonconforming with
respect to height, setback or lot coverage may be enlarged or altered
provided that the enlargement or alteration does not further deviate from
these regulations. Further, the repair or replacement of bearing walls is
permitted on any nonconforming residential structure. (Amended
Ordinance No. 1218.)
27.25.050: Repairs and Maintenance. On any nonconforming structure or portion
of the structure containing a nonconforming use, work may be done on
ordinary repairs and fixtures, wiring, plumbing, or repair or replacement
of non -bearing walls, to an extent not exceeding ten (10) percent of the
replacement value of the building in any one year, provided that such
work does not increase the cubic content of the building. Nothing in this
Chapter shall be deemed to prevent the strengthening or restoring to a
safe condition of any building or portion thereof declared to be unsafe by
any official charged with protecting the public safety, upon order of such
official.
27.25.060: Reconstruction. A nonconforming building, structure or use upon the
land having been wholly or partially damaged or destroyed by fire or
other calamity may be reconstructed, provided that reconstruction is
commenced within one hundred eighty (180) days of the date of
destruction. If reconstruction has not commenced within one hundred
eighty (180) days, the property, building and structure or use upon the
land shall not thereafter be occupied, except by a use which is permitted
in the district in which it is located. Any reconstruction must be
completed without unreasonable delay. This provision shall not exempt
the structure or use from other applicable regulations nor does it allow
the replacement of structures or uses that were willfully demolished,
destroyed, or removed.
H: \... \KZTA\00\KZTA00- I.DOC
NW
KALISPELL CITY -COUNTY PLANNING BOARD
MINUTES OF MEETING
SEPTEMBER 12, 2000
CALL TO ORDER AND Johnson called the meeting to order at approximately 7:00 p.m.
ROLL CALL Members present were: Jean Johnson, Rob Heinecke, Bill Rice,
Don Garberg, Brian Sipe, Don Hines, and Greg Stevens. Dale
Pierce and Don Mann were absent. Narda Wilson represented
the Flathead Regional Development Office. There were
approximately 11 people in the audience.
APPROVAL OF MINUTES On a motion by Garberg and seconded by Sipe the minutes of
the meeting of August 8, 2000 were unanimously approved.
SWANBERG ZONING A request by Louise, E. Swanberg for amendments to the
AMENDMENT Kalispell Zoning ordinance addressing the expansion of non --
conforming uses.
STAFF REPORT Narda Wilson gave a presentation on staff report KZTA-00-1,
where staff recommended approval of the amendment. Wilson
stated there were limited alterations that could be made to a
building with non -conforming uses. She said most of the lots
in the east side area were residential with the exception of
Woodland Floral, two medical offices, and the Court House
East. Wilson stated Swanberg wanted to make a small
addition to her medical office and found out that, under the
zoning regulations, expansion of non -conforming uses was not
allowed. Staff felt the proposal was reasonable and was
generally consistent with how the other jurisdictions handled
non -conforming uses. Wilson said within the last several years
the County, Whitefish, and Columbia Falls had all made
changes to their zoning regulations, allowing expansion of non-
conforming uses up to 50%, subject to a conditional use
permit. Staff felt that non -conforming use standards should be
more in line with the County and what other jurisdictions were
doing.
Wilson noted, as an aside, the City's treatment of changes to
non -conforming uses should be as a separate issue.
The issue before the Board dealt with the expansion of non-
conforming uses. Staff felt it served the public, as well as the
investment of the property owner by encouraging them to
maintain the property, knowing it would be a long term
investment. She said there was always the balance between
what's good for the neighbor and what's good for the individual,
and thought this proposal struck a reasonable balance. She
said the proposed change would allow expansion of 25% or less
under administrative review and 25% to 50% would require a
conditional use permit.
Garberg asked if it went through the administrative review
process and there was a denial, did that allow for recourse to
the applicant. Wilson answered that anytime there was a
decision made by the Zoning Administrator it could be
appealed to the Board of Adjustment.
Sipe asked and Wilson answered that the regulations being
proposed were not the same as Columbia Falls, Whitefish, and
the County and that they were less restrictive. She said in the
other jurisdictions an expansion of up to 50% would require a
conditional use permit. Wilson said the proposed amendment
would provide more flexibility because; they're not paying a fee
if it is less than 25%, they're not waiting to go through public
hearing or waiting for City Council to take an action. She said
it would be less restrictive.
Johnson stated it would have been an excellent vehicle to
address a change in non -conforming issues. Wilson said she
didn't want to confuse the two issues and if the Board felt it
had merit they could review it later.
PUBLIC HEARING The public hearing was opened to those who wished to speak
on the application.
PROPONENTS Randy Ogle, 20 Woodland Ave, an attorney representing Dr.
Swanberg, spoke in favor of the application. Ogle stated
Swanberg wanted to square off her building and do some
enhancements, i.e. improve the entry ways, make them
handicapped accessible, and put some awnings over them to
protect from ice in winter. Through collaborating with the City
and County they were directed to proposing an amendment.
He thought it met the needs of Dr Swanberg. Ogle said the
clinic had been in the neighborhood for 40 to 50 years, her
father practiced there. He said she did not want to change the
use, but bring it more current. They thought it would be an
enhancement to the neighborhood because if they were not
allowed to maintain and improve the structure it may foster
dilapidation of buildings over time and degradation of the
neighborhood. He said she simply wanted to square off the
building and do some maintenance and asked for the Board's
support.
OPPONENTS No one wished to speak and the public hearing was closed.
MOTION Garberg moved and Heinecke seconded to adopt FRDO staff
report KZTA-00-1 as findings of fact and, based on those
findings recommended the Kalispell City Council adopt the
proposed amendments as outlined in Exhibit A.
BOARD DISCUSSION There was a brief discussion between Garberg, Johnson,
Wilson, and Stevens regarding the administrative process, in
the event of a denial. It was concluded that statute said they
Kalispell City -County Planning Board
September 12, 2000 Meeting Minutes
Page 2 of 11
The consensus of the Board was that the administrative
process was good, it would speed up the process for the
applicant, and the Board of Adjustment was set up for the
appeal process in case of denial.
ROLL CALL On a roll call vote the motion to adopt staff report KZTA-00-1
as findings of fact passed unanimously for the text amendment
and was forwarded to the City Council for their consideration.
APEX 1 LLC A request by Apex 1, LLC for annexation into the City of
ANNEXATION Kalispell and an initial zoning designation of R-4 and RA-1 in
southwest Kalispell in conjunction with the subdivision known
as Stratford Village Subdivision.
STAFF REPORT Narda Wilson, representing the Flathead Regional Planning
Department, gave a presentation on two staff reports; KA-00-6
(annexation and initial zoning), and P-00-5 (preliminary plat
approval), and asked that the Board handle them as two
separate motions. The Board was in agreement. Wilson stated
Stratford Subdivision was on the summer agenda, but was
pulled so they could acquire the adjoining property. She
pointed out the proposed subdivision on a site map. Wilson
said that adding the property to the north resulted in a cleaner
subdivision design. Staff reviewed the project briefly and noted
R-4 zoning for the majority of the project and RA-1 zoning for
the far west corner. She said the potential for duplexes was
possibly 20-25%. She reported on roadways, saying the
connections of South Meadows area and Sunnyside Drive
would be important links in the roadway network of Kalispell.
Wilson thought they would eventually come in with a by-pass
design that would mitigate the traffic impacts. She said there
would be an engineered drainage plan, which was outlined in
the environmental assessment.
PUBLIC HEARING The public hearing was opened to those who wished to speak
on the proposal.
PROPONENTS Thor Jackola, 1830 3rd Ave. East, spoke as a representative of
the subdivision. Jackola said he hoped to have their favor for
the project. He said it was a good addition to Kalispell and met
a lot of the needs, primarily geared to affordable housing. He
said Wilson gave a good presentation and that he and Jim
Burton would be happy to answer questions. Jackola stated
that, from the report, they would concur with the density issue,
saying that having the density level occur there was quite
unlikely, but the developers would like to have the opportunity
to place the duplexes as they saw fit in the development. He
brought up one other issue, the parkland, and said Jim Burton
would address that issue.
Kalispell City -County Planning Board
September 12, 2000 Meeting Minutes
Page 3 of 11
O f. x...
REPORTUrLATHEAD REGIONAL DEVELOPMENT OFFICE
STAFF fR
RRR
A report to the Kalispell City -County Planning Board and the Kalispell City Council
regarding a request for a text amendment to the Kalispell Zoning Ordinance. A
public hearing has been scheduled before the Kalispell City -County Planning Board
for September 12, 2000 beginning at 7:00 PM in the Kalispell City Council
Chambers. The planning board will forward a recommendation to the Kalispell City
Council for final action.
The applicant is proposing to amend Chapter 27.25, gonconforming Lots, Uses and
Structures, of the Kalispell Zoning Ordinance to create a provision that allows for
the limited expansion of non -conforming uses.
A. Petitioner and Owners: Louise E. Swanberg
610 Seventh St. East
Kalispell, MT 59901
(406)756-7366
Randall S. Ogle
Ogle & Worm, Attorneys at Law
P.O. Box 899
Kalispell, MT 59903-0899
(406)752-7550
B. Mature of theRequest: The applicant has a medical office in the east side of
Kalispell that is zoned R-3, Residential. The office is grandfathered under the
non -conforming use provisions of the zoning ordinance. However, the current
provisions in the zoning ordinance do not allow any modifications to the
building that would result in an expansion of the square footage of the
building or the "use." The applicant would like to place a small addition onto
the existing building to provide for better client access to the building and to
function as additional office space. Under the current zoning regulations, no
modifications or expansions can be made to a nonconforming use other than
routine maintenance. The applicant is proposing to allow the expansion of a
nonconforming use and associated structures up to a maximum of 50 percent
subject to a nonconforming use permit. More specifically, expansions of 25
percent or less would be reviewed and granted administratively by the zoning
administrator. Expansions of more than 25 percent but less than 50 percent
would be subject to the procedures for a conditional use permit and
evaluated under the conditional use permit criteria.
Cm Area Effected by the Proposed Changes: Any properties within the Kalispell
zoning jurisdiction that are occupied by a non -conforming use could
potentially be affected by the proposed change. The current regulations
addressing non -conforming uses and structures are attached with the staff
report along with the amendments (additions) noted as underlined text in
Exhibit A.
D. StaffDiscussion: As the board and council may be aware, the staff has had
concerns about some elements of the zoning ordinance that are worthy of
amending. This section in the regulations has been problematic occasionally
in the past particularly in situations where even minor modifications or
expansions to conforming uses cannot be made, for instance to add a
handicapped bathroom. Often the only other option available to the applicant
is to apply for a zone change. That course of action is generally not the best
option either because it would result in the creation of an island zoning that
is generally incompatible with the surrounding zoning and would allow for
many other uses on the property in addition to the existing nonconforming
use. The other option is to request an amendment to the zoning regulations,
but typically this course of action is not pursued.
Flathead County, Whitefish and Columbia Falls allow the expansion of a
nonconforming use up to SO percent of the building, structure or use subject
to a conditional use permit.
The above discussion leads to another issue that relates to the treatment of
nonconforming uses in Kalispell. Currently the regulations do not allow a
change from one nonconforming use to another nonconforming use, but
require the same use to occupy the building. For instance, when Gardner
Auction moved to Highway 93 South from their former Airport Road location,
no other "auction facility" could, be found to occupy the property. Under the
zoning that was the only other use which could go into the building. As a
result the zoning on this property was ultimately changed from the previous
RA-1, Low Density Residential Apartment, to I-1, Light Industrial. The light
industrial zoning was introduced into an area that is otherwise residential.
Additionally, any number of uses in additional to an auction facility are now
allowed in that area.
Flathead County, Whitefish and Columbia Falls all allow a change in
nonconforming uses subject to the issuance of a conditional use permit
provided the impacts associated with the new nonconforming use would not
be any greater in terms of traffic, hours of operation, storage of materials and
overall impacts than the previous nonconforming use. This information is
being included to provide a clearer understanding of how nonconforming uses
have been addressed in other jurisdictions in relation to the policy in
Kalispell.
The statutory basis for reviewing a change in zoning is set forth by 76-2-205, M.C.A.
Findings of Fact for the zone change request are discussed relative to the itemized
criteria described by 76-2-203, M.C.A.
The master plan has designated certain areas, which the planning
jurisdictions for specific uses and the zoning of those areas should generally
be consistent with the land use designations of the master plan. The master
plan does not specifically address the issue of nonconforming uses, but it can
be assumed that they will occur. It may be useful to note that the Montana
planning statutes specifically recognize nonconforming uses (Section 76-2-
105) and provide for their continuation. Generally, the adaptive reuse of
structures would be anticipated at some point or either the nonconforming
use would continue unabated. Allowing the continuation and expansion of
nonconforming uses would not necessarily further the goals of the master
plan, but it does protect the investment of the property owner who has had
an otherwise lawful use of the property
The proposed amendments would not typically have a significant impact on
the overall traffic volumes in a particular area. By restricting the percentage
that a nonconforming use could expand should result in minimal impacts to
traffic generation, traffic congestion or other impacts. The changes would not
have a significant effect on traffic congestion.
The proposed amendments would not reduce any security from fire or other
health and safety issues since all new additions and modifications to existing
buildings would be required to be constructed according to building code
requirements and with the approval of the fire department. The proposed
change would not compromise the safety and security from fire or other
dangers.
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The general health and welfare of the public will be promoted by ensuring
that the character of the area in which the nonconforming use is located
would not be significantly impacted. Additionally, there is a provision for the
notification of adjoining property owners in cases where the expansion is in
excess of 25 percent. Additionally, the public health and welfare of the public
will be served by protecting the investment property owners have made in
their structures and land by allowing reasonable expansions and
modifications to the nonconforming uses.
Light and air between and surrounding buildings would not be significantly
impacted in a manner that would be inconsistent with anticipated residential
development of the zone. The setbacks, height restrictions, lot coverage and
other applicable development standards would be adhered to thereby
providing adequate light and air.
An existing nonconforming use may, in some instances result in the
overcrowding of land because the most intrusive nonconforming uses are
businesses in a residential zone. Businesses usually generate more traffic,
require more parking and have more activity that would be anticipated with
residential uses. However, the limitations on the expansions that can be
made to nonconforming uses should also limit the impacts associated with
the use to a reasonable level and would not necessarily lead to overcrowding.
Public services and facilities are generally available to all areas of the city and
the expansion of a nonconforming use would not generally have a significant
impact on the provision of services.
Zoning adopted for a specific property is generally done to reflect the uses
anticipated for the area under the master plan. With the proposed
amendments, site suitably could be evaluated on a case -by -case basis and
mitigation of impacts associated with the expansion can be required to make
the use more compatible. Nonconforming uses, by their very nature, are not
generally considered to be suitable uses in the zoning district in which they
are located.
The character of the zoning district in which a nonconforming use might be
located would not be significantly altered because of the allowance for minor
expansions of the use. As part of the review process, conditions of approval
can be developed to assist in limiting the impacts associated with the use.
The proposed review process should provide a mechanism to give reasonable
consideration to the character of the area in which the expansion of the
nonconforming use would occur.
This amendment would conserve the value of buildings and the investment
the property owner has made. However, creating added value to a
nonconforming use may prolong the live of an incompatible use and may
conserve the value of the building beyond that which would otherwise occur.
By their very nature, nonconforming uses are contrary to zoning in the area
in which they are located and would be contrary to the promotion of specific
land uses in the jurisdiction. The proposed change would not encourage the
most appropriate use of land throughout the planning jurisdiction.
SUMMARY AND DISCUSSION., From a purely technical and philosophical
standpoint, the proposed zoning text amendments do not encourage the elimination
of nonconforming uses but rather may increase their longevity. However, from a
practical and equitable standpoint the proposed text amendments allow some
flexibility in how nonconforming uses are addressed. Additionally, it protects the
investment property owners have made in their property and usually in their
business.
Staff recommends that the Kalispell City -County Planning Board adopt FRDO staff
report #KZTA-00-1 as findings of fact and, based on these findings, recommend to
the Kalispell City Council the proposed amendments be adopted as outlined in
Exhibit A.
(Note: The underlined text are the amendments. No text is being deleted or
otherwise modified.)