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2. ReportTRAFFIC STUDY MERIDIAN ROAD: US 2 TO 4TH STREET W KALISPELL, MONTANA Feburary 2012 Prepared by Stelling Engineers, Inc. 1372 Airport Road Kalispell, MT 59901 Phone: 406-755-8602 Fax: 406-755-8710 Email: mail(abstellinginc.com Traffic Study Meridian Road: US 2 to 4t" Street West Kalispell, Montana Table of Contents 1. Executive Summary........................................................................................1 2. Referenced Reports........................................................................................2 3. Report Assumptions.......................................................................................2 4. Existing Conditions.........................................................................................3 4.1 Existing Roads............................................................................................3 4.2 Existing Traffic Volumes.......................................................................5 4.3 Non -Motorized Facilities........................................................................8 4.4 Accident Data..............................................................................................8 5. Estimated Traffic Growth............................................................................9 5.1 2012 Conditions.........................................................................................9 5.2 2022 Conditions..........................................................................................9 5.3 Non -Motorized Facilities......................................................................12 6. Operational Analysis and Recommendations.................................13 6.1 2012 Existing Conditions....................................................................13 6.2 2022 Horizon Year...................................................................................15 List of Appendices Appendix A Weekly 24 Hour Volume Reports Appendix B Manual Intersection Traffic Counts and Peak Hour Analysis Appendix C 2012 HCS Analysis Appendix D 2022 HCS Analysis Appendix E 95% Queue Length Analysis Appendix F Historic Traffic Growth List of Tables Table 1 — 2006-2011 MDT Accident Data Summary..........................................................8 Table 2 — Existing Conditions Meridian Road Traffic Volume Summary ........................14 Table 3 — Horizon Year Meridian Road Traffic Volume Summary..................................16 Stelling Engineers, Inc. i List of Figures Figure 1 — Area Map and Traffic Volumes.........................................................................4 Figure 2 — 2012 Traffic Counts (AM Peak).........................................................................6 Figure 3 — 2012 Traffic Counts (PM Peak).........................................................................7 Figure 4 — 2022 Horizon Year (AM Peak)........................................................................10 Figure 5 — 2022 Horizon Year (PM Peak)......................................................................... I I List of Abbreviations The following abbreviations are used in one or more locations throughout this report: AADT Average Annual Daily Traffic ADT Average Daily Traffic BNSF Burlington Northern Santa Fe Bypass US 93 Bypass City City of Kalispell EB Eastbound LTL Left Turn Lane LOS Level of Service MDT Montana Department of Transportation NB Northbound PHF Peak Hour Factor SB Souhbound SEI Stelling Engineers, Inc. TWLTL Two -Way Left Turn Lane VPD Vehicles per Day VPH Vehicles per Hour WB Westbound Stelling Engineers, Inc. Meridian Road Traffic Study Traffic Study Meridian Road: US 2 to 4' Street West 1. Executive Summary As part of enhancing economic development within the Westside Tax Increment Financing District, The City of Kalispell (City) requested Stelling Engineers, Inc (SEI) to evaluate traffic congestion on Meridian Road between US Highway 2 and 4th Street W with a focus upon left turn movements at Appleway Drive and W Center Street intersections. This Traffic Study identifies future channelization options to ease Meridian Road congestion. The Highway Capacity Manual defines Level -of -Service (LOS) for unsignalized intersections (2- way and 4-way stops) as a function of the average vehicle delay experienced through the intersection. LOS was calculated per -movement and per -approach for this study. Throughout the 10-year planning horizon, intersections within the study area provide a Level of Service (LOS) "C" except at W Center Street and Appleway Drive. Under existing conditions, the intersection of Meridian Road and W Center Street operates at a Level of Service (LOS) "F" during the PM Peak Hour with an average vehicle delay exceeding 56 seconds. It is recommended to construct a 150-foot long left turn lane serving SB Meridian Road to EB Center Street. This change decreases vehicle delay to approximately 20 seconds with an intersection LOS "C" for 2012. By 2022, the Appleway Drive approach to Meridian Road operates at a LOS "B" during the PM Peak Hour. It is recommended to construct a 50-foot long left turn lane serving NB Meridian Road to WB Appleway Drive. This change decreases vehicle delay to approximately 20 seconds with an intersection LOS "C" (Appleway Drive approach) for 2022. At Center Street, various lane configurations for the intersection were evaluated, but no combination resulted in better than 26 seconds of vehicle delay (LOS "D"). If traffic volumes grow as projected, a traffic signal warrant analysis is recommended to improve LOS further. The recommended queue lengths as described above along Meridian Road fit within the available distance to construct left turn lanes between Appleway W Drive and Center Street. Therefore, relocation of the Appleway Drive intersection to the north is not recommended. Stelling Engineers, Inc. 1 Z:1Project-Active12012112-0021Reports\Traffic Study Report.doc Meridian Road Traffic Study 2. Referenced Reports This traffic study uses the following traffic studies and reports: ■ Traffic Impact Study for Willow Creek Development) projects 4,280 vehicles per day (vpd) are generated by this development and distributed over three planned ingress/egress points surrounding the project. It is located due west of the Bypass. With the construction of the Bypass, this report projects fewer than 200 vpd would use Meridian Rd north of 2nd St W. This report was prepared four years prior to completion of the Bypass ■ Kalispell Area Transportation Plan Update updated traffic projections and planning using a GIS-assisted transportation model. The ATP estimates between 8,700 and 9,500 vpd on Meridian Rd within the study area by 2030. Meridian Rd is assumed to be a two-lane Minor Arterial roadway, with proposed intersection improvements occurring at all Appleway Drive, W Center Street, and 2nd Street W. This report was prepared four years prior to completion of the Bypass. ■ Kalispell Parks & Recreation Comprehensive Master Plana planned for development of Kalispell parks and non -motorized facilities. Ashley Creek Rails to Trails is a designated linear park within the study area with a proposed extension to the east. 3. Report Assumptions This report analyzes two conditions: existing conditions in 2012 and a horizon year of 2022. The year 2012 conditions reflect traffic data collected between January 31" and February 2nd 2012. Traffic operation conditions during this period were normal with the pavement dry and free of snow. The Peak Hour Factor (PHF), was measured at intersections in January 2012. The observed PHF is used in 2012 intersection analysis. For the 2022 analysis, the PHF is set to 0.92 with minor adjustments for approaches with varying traffic flow characteristics. It is assumed the Bypass north of US Highway 2 will be constructed before 2022. Data collected for determining the AM Peak Hour occurred between 7:00 AM to 9:00 AM. For determining the PM Peak Hour, data was collected occurred between 3:00 PM to 6:00 PM. The Peak Hour itself is calculated based upon the four 15-minute intervals with the highest traffic volumes during the study window. Both AM and PM Peak Hours for each intersection may be found in Appendix B. l Traffic Impact Study Willow Creek, Abelin Traffic Services, January 2007 with updates 2009 & 2010. 2 Kalispell Area Transportation Plan (2006 Update), Robert Peccia & Associates. 3 Kalispell Parks & Recreation Comprehensive Master Plan, Moore Iacofano Goltsman Inc, November 2006. Stelling Engineers, Inc. Z:(Project-Active12012112-0021ReportslTraffic Study Report.doc Meridian Road Traffic Study 4. Existing Conditions Figure 1 presents the location of Meridian Road near the western City limits. The transportation system around the site is dominated by US Highway 2, northern Montana's primary east -west highway, and the recently constructed US 93 Bypass. Prior to construction of the Bypass, traveling between the City and the Foys Lake area southwest of town required using Meridian Road. Since construction of the Bypass, traffic is afforded a high speed alternative to Meridian Road. Peterson Elementary School lies at the southeast corner of 2nd Street W at S Meridian Road. Currently, 350 students attend this school, Kindergarten through 5d' Grade. School hours are 8:30 AM to 3:30 PM. The BNSF Railway has an infrequently used spur line bisecting the study area between Appleway Drive and W Center Street. The crossing is signalized with flashing lights and gates. 4.1 Existing Roads Meridian Road is a Minor Arterial beginning at Foys Lake Road and continuing north until its intersection with US 93. This is a paved road with curb and gutter having a center TWLTL north of Appleway Drive. South of Appleway Drive all approaches have shared left -through -right movements. Right-of-way width varies from 65-feet north of W Center Street to 50-feet south of W Center Street. North of W Center Street, Meridian Road serves numerous commercial businesses including Ace Hardware and Albertsons Grocery Store. South of 2nd Street West, Meridian Road serves residential neighborhoods and Peterson School. Between 2nd Street West and West Center Street, Meridian Road serves a transitional neighborhood with a mixture of commercial and residential structures. A 25-mph speed limit is posted within the study area. However, the southern half has a 15-mph school speed limit posted between 41' Street W and W Center Street. This speed limit is in effect between the hours of 7:00 AM and 5:00 PM Monday — Friday. Appleway Drive is an east -west, two-lane Collector that connects N Meridian Road to US Highway 2. Its intersection with N Meridian Road is 2-way stop controlled with Appleway Drive being the minor leg. It has a posted speed limit of 25 mph serving residential, multi -family, and commercial land uses. Its approach to N Meridian Road is a shared left -right movement W Center Street is an east -west, two-lane Minor Arterial that connects Meridian Rd to Main Street and downtown Kalispell. Its intersection with Meridian Road is 4-way stop controlled. It has a posted speed limit of 25 mph and serves numerous commercial businesses. Its approach to Meridian Road from the west is a shared left -through -right movement. Its approach from the east is a shared left -through with a dedicated right turn lane. Stelling Engineers, Inc. 3 ZAProject-Ac6ve12012112-0021ReportffrafBc Study Reportdoc �0 5, 540 z To Downtown------*' 6,700 0 0 Ln r" N 0 � o M US2 ^ M ■ *—To Kila Sheet • Appleway • Drive 1,140 • 3,p60 CerteC • r♦•• • 0 V- o 0 Co �o • � c`i �i 930 St�eet\N _ 2°d ♦ r • Kalispell Bypass • • f • • ♦ • • r f • ■ • r • o3p Pet son Elem. School 0 0 cl N M qQ0 A<h 5veet144 � S30 ib � i� M N M eC,Vv �� s Roundabout ► —• ■ • ■ • f T♦ o Foys Lake - o • m • Legend: ■■••• Trails Key Streets Rail Spur F1 -601 2012 Daily Volumes (VPD) 1,000 2022 Planning Horizon Daily Volumes (VPD) Figure 1— Area Map and Traffic Volumes Meridian Road Traffic Study 2"d Street W is an east -west, two-lane Collector that connects S Meridian Road to S Main Street and downtown Kalispell. Its intersection with S Meridian Road is 4-way stop controlled. It has a posted speed limit of 25 mph except along Peterson School where the posted speed in 15 mph between 7:00 AM and 5:00 PM Monday through Friday. This street serves as the east -west school bus route for Peterson School and the residential neighborhoods of Kalispell's West Side. 41h Street W is an east -west, two-lane Street connecting S Meridian Road to S Main Street. Its intersection with S Meridian Road is 4-way stop controlled. It has a posted speed limit of 25 mph. It serves the residential neighborhoods of Kalispell's West Side. The Bypass is a north -south, two-lane Major Rural Arterial commencing at US 2 and terminating approximately 4 miles to the south at US 93. It opened to traffic in late 2010. The northern half of the Bypass will be constructed in the future to reconnect with US 93 at its intersection with West Reserve Drive. The purpose of the Bypass is to relieve traffic congestion in the central business district. On -street parking is not allowed along Meridian Road within the study area. On -street parking is allowed along W Center Street, 2nd Street W, and 4d' Street W. 4.2 Existing Traffic Counts Flures 2 & 3 summarize turning movements at Appleway Drive, W Center Street, and 2" Street W during the AM Peak Hour and PM Peak Hour respectively. This is a well established area of urban development with few opportunities for infill. Raw traffic count data is provided in Appendix A for 24 Hour Volume Reports and Appendix B for Manual Intersection Traffic Counts. Stelling Engineers, Inc. 5 Z:1Project-Active12012112-0021Reports\Tratfic Study Reportdoc Appleway Drive to..��• NO- ♦ 00 . • ` � N • 6`SF aa��vaa tie< 5�teet � Gen Figure 2 — 2012 Traffic Counts (AM Peak) Appleway Drive to- 00 G�eeK ♦ ♦ ♦ � ♦ 6N`'F Ra�`vJa 41� ♦ seer ec 10 J Ger Figure 3 — 2012 Traffic Counts (PM Peak) Meridian Road Traffic Study 4.3 Non -Motorized Facilities Sidewalks serving the school lie exclusively along the east side of Meridian Road with the exception between Appleway Drive and Center Street where they are on both sides. Fronting the school and Samaritan House, the sidewalk is 8-feet wide with a 5-foot boulevard section. The remaining sidewalk between Center and 4a' Street measures 5- feet wide and begins at the back of curb. Sidewalks between Center Street and Appleway Drive measure 5 feet wide with boulevard sections of varied width. There are no sidewalks north of Appleway Drive. Between the intersections of Appleway Drive and Center Street, there is an unofficial trailhead for the Ashley Creek Rails to Trails pedestrian and bike trail. This trail extends westward to the communities of Kila and Marion. At a point approximately 1,900 ft (0.36 miles) west, the trail intersects the Bypass Trail which extends north to US Highway 2 and south to the community of Somers and Flathead Lake. The area trail system is used heavily during the summer months. 4.4 Accident Data Recorded crash data was provided by the Montana Department of Transportation (MDT) for a five-year period between July 1, 2006 to June 30, 2011. The table below summarizes the common conditions at the intersections. Table X-1 Meridian Road Appleway Dr W Center Street 2° Street W Intersectin with: Number of crashes in 17 12 5 analysis period Number (%) of rear- 15 (88%) 10 (83%) 4 (80%) end crashes Number (%) of 8 (47%) 8 (67%) 4 (80%) Southbound rear -end crashes Crashes involving a 12 (70%) 3 (25%) 0 (0%) driver < 24 years of age No crashes were recorded between the intersections or involving pedestrians. There were no fatalities and few crashes with injuries. Southbound drivers are predominantly involved in rear -end collisions along the corridor, with the largest number at the northern intersection (Appleway Drive), and then decreasing to the south. The predominance of rear -end collisions is .significant, especially with the greater frequency of southbound occurrences. No alignment changes are recommended as sight distance is good. Although lighting could be improved, it is not specifically recommended as most crashes occurred during daylight hours. The lack Stelling Engineers, Inc. 8 Z:IProject-Active12012112-002\Reports\Traffic Study Report.doc Meridian Road Traffic Study of turn lanes may contribute to the rear -end collisions in both the northbound and southbound directions at Appleway Drive and the southbound direction at W Center Street. It has been observed traffic queuing for the intersection of Center Street often backs up several car lengths north of Appleway Drive. Appleway Drive intersection crashes may be reduced with the introduction of left turn lanes. The MDT reporting system does not clearly confirm that turning traffic was the cause of the incident, but it is inferred due to the lack of other reasons why vehicles would slow down on this section of S Meridian Road 5. Estimated Traffic Growth 5.1 2012 Conditions Several sources of traffic data were compared against traffic counts recently collected for the study area to understand how traffic volumes have changed over time. This comparison, shown in Appendix F, indicates 2012 volumes have decreased from peak years around 2006, but they do support an overall 20-year growth rate of 1.9%. 5.2 2022 Conditions The City Planning Department expects little development in the coming 10 years except of Willow Creek Subdivision. No other significant residential development is expected to occur during the planning horizon within the study area. Growth rate guidance from the Planning Department ranged from 1.8% to 2.1% for traffic volumes. Development within the service boundary of Peterson School is leading to a growing student population, especially between Kindergarten and 2nd Grade. The School Administrator indicated the student body annual growth rate forecast is between 2% and 3%. The Kalispell Area Transportation Plan discussed 3 alternatives for future growth; low, moderate, and high. The "moderate" growth rate for both population and employment growth yields values of 1.59% and 1.88% respectively. For this study, an annual traffic volume growth rate of 1.9% was used to develop anticipated traffic volumes for the horizon year 2022. Fi ures 4 & 5 summarize turning movements at Appleway Drive, W Center Street, and 2" Street W during the AM Peak Hour and PM Peak Hour respectively. Stelling Engineers, Inc. 9 Z:1Project-Active12012112-0021Reports\Traffic Study Reportdoc Appleway Drive GCeeKa0`0'� • • • • / ,,pxel • xwj st ee� Gels Figure 4 — 2022 Horizon Year (AM Peak) LIn � MN 36 10 14� '� 341 98, p �f— 4 43 rI4 00 Z I OOM N N Appleway Drive �� ps • ♦ a StTeet e r�t sh�ey • � � ♦ • : , • 6N5� �ad�a • • o 'a � M CO 20 --+ L 91 16� 47 Street`o Z,d r`rn� Peterson Elem. School M d- N nth Stf eet* Legend: ""' Trails }M Streets Analyzed Rail Spur 7 --� Movement Volume (VPH) Figure 5 — 2022 Horizon Year (PM Peak) Meridian Road Traffic Study 5.3 Non -Motorized Facilities The City's 2006 Parks & Recreation Comprehensive Master Plan Project T-10 extends the Ashley Creek Rails to Trails eastward from Meridian Road, past Kalispell Center Mall, terminating at Woodland Park. Eventual removal of the BNSF rail spur and crossing within the study area would facilitate this trail extension. Such an extension would provide enhanced access, connectivity, and increased use of the trail by both recreational and commuter users. Increased trail usage across Meridian Rd would negatively affect traffic operations and pedestrian safety in the area. Future City efforts should consider a non -motorized crossing at Meridian Road. Options may include a mid - block pedestrian crosswalk with refuge island. These issues are outside the scope of this report. Stelling Engineers, Inc. 12 Z:(Project-Active12012112-0021ReportslTrafc Study RepoR.doc Meridian Road Traffic Study 6. Operational Analysis and Recommendations The Meridian Road corridor traffic volumes were analyzed, with and without intersection improvements, in accordance with the 2010 Highway Capacity Manual (HCM)4. HCS Analysis data for 2012 is provided in Appendix C. 6.1 2012 Existing Conditions A Level of Service (LOS) "C" rating means the average delay experienced by a driver during the Peak Hour is 15 to 25 seconds for un-signalized intersections. This is the target level of service at intersections under both existing and horizon year conditions. Table 2 shows the LOS for both the AM and PM Peak Hour for existing conditions with and without proposed intersection improvements. LOS analysis for the study area indicates Center Street does not meet a LOS "C" under existing conditions for either the AM or PM Peak. HCS Analysis data for 2012 is provided in Appendix C. To address LOS the following improvements are proposed. Proposed Center Street W Intersection Improvements: Add a 100-foot long left turn lane from SB Meridian Rd to EB W Center Street. Right -of -Way acquisition may be required to provide; sidewalks, two 11-foot travel lanes and a 12-foot left turn lane. Calculations for the 95% Queue length determining the amount of storage required for a left turn lane are provided in Appendix E. Construct a new left turn lane from NB Meridian Rd to WB Meridian Ct. This improvement is not required for capacity, but is to maintain consistent intersection geometry with improvements to the north. Right -of -Way acquisition may be required to provide; sidewalks, two 11-foot travel lanes and a 12-foot left turn lane. These proposed improvements mirror the improvements called for in TSM-21 as described on page 8-8 of the City's 2006 ATP Update. At this time, traffic volumes do not warrant a traffic signal but should be monitored over time in accordance with item #26 on page 8-2 of the City's 2006 ATP Update. For Center Street, a total of 5 pedestrians were observed during collection of 2012 traffic counts during the Peak Hour. These volumes are minimal and are assumed not to affect the analysis. 4 Highway Capacity Manual (HCM), Transportation Research Board, 2000. Stelling Engineers, Inc. 13 ZAProject-Ac6ve12012\12-0021Reportffrafflc Study Reportdoc V M � V COm LO' � c C C 7 c 7 0 r0 _ Cl) O 0 -0 cco .0 � s~ ACM Wit- M M(D M N �F" M N V" 5 5 O O O 0 (n O (n U) O 00 J V t0 J N LO J �' , N J� N I� N i O O � Q cr-O M M M 'O O G% C p 7 O Lo O Q O co 00 O (6 ~00 CY) O co 00 m 00 V dN ~0ONO LCl) N N Cl) N a) �_ O O @ Z Z tC Z J (0 N Z N J O a) LO J O co _0 LO N O C0 N 'p C C 7 70 O0� O O rGcU C(0 L H (>>pn a) 0 O O M co MD a) C 1L r () M Cl)�' 0' M N `- V O 00 CO N � O 70 _0 0) O c O O .0 NO O N 0 i (D Cl) a) �~ (D , �~ ca .> u7 C L11 0 W N co N L11 N N �I O N (� Z I J O O C I J O CD cq J Cl) N N J M 0 � G N N N w C C N a O Q =' tU) c O v m c C O M d' O U �"' M O M d T O vj (o o E c>a vci m � LO OCIS U) V (Ta i 5 N d 0 c "d O p — t0j c °� o O U L — c L Q- ti ' c Q O CL C. E c ° o _ O E O �o O m �o oU-m � 3 V (/y �o UU ' O m Y ��' Uom O 3 = mU L J J O a) J ti C m ` J y c a U N o c _ m N a c O _ — - c In = o Q O O J C W U� O a) �- N M N M Q j V E � N c)N .-NM U ? �Z ZZ o Z C c — �Z C — _ N a �U) L �cn� o� a oc"n? Q ca a) 3 c m c� W a) �cw � aa))aa) )U) U) ma)(n o a) mtA a) a)oU) aU>>� flU>>a a N QCL N Q> N Q> N Q> N Meridian Road Traffic Study 6.2 2022 Horizon Year Table 3 shows the LOS for both the AM and PM Peak Hour for horizon year conditions with and without proposed intersection improvements. LOS analysis for the study area indicates both Appleway Drive and Center Street do not meet a LOS "C" for the PM Peak Hour with the lane configuration as it exists today. HCS Analysis data for 2022 is provided in Appendix D. To address the LOS, the following improvements are proposed. Proposed Appleway Drive Intersection Improvements: ■ Construct a dedicated 50' long left turn lane from NB Meridian Rd to WB Appleway Drive. The 95% queue length calculation is provided within the HCS analysis for Appleway Drive shown in Appendix C & D. Right -of -Way acquisition may be required to provide; sidewalks, two 11-foot travel lanes and a 12-foot left turn lane. Proposed W Center Street Intersection Improvements: ■ By 2022, the Meridian Road and Center Street intersection has reached a projected traffic volume where the desired LOS "C" cannot be reached by lane configuration changes alone. As the horizon year approaches, the City should re-evaluate the study area to consider traffic signal warrants which would impact length of turn lanes or other options. Evaluating the intersection with a traffic signal may adjust the required length of left and right turn lanes. 2nd Street W: Analysis of 2nd Street W did not identify any significant operational deficiencies and is projected to operate at a future LOS "B". During traffic counts coinciding with school dismissal, 56 pedestrians crossed the intersection's south leg during the PM Peak Hour. The school has limited on -site vehicle parking for pick-up and drop-off. Parents were observed parking west of Meridian Road and using the south leg crosswalk to reach the school. This creates 2 pedestrian crossing counts. While it is recognized that pedestrians do not affect the intersection performance at 2nd Street, it is felt these issues should be addressed with school growth and facility planning. Use of a crossing guard can also improve the operation of the intersection by creating controlled crossings of pedestrians and reducing driver uncertainty and delay. 4th Street W: From the counts collected, the volume of traffic on 41' Street W was approximately half that of 2nd Street W. 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