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Airport Hazard Regulation6� AERONAUTICS 886 r) Within an airport influence area a person who obtains a variance for wilding a structure which is a nonconforming use under rules adopted pur- lsuant to this chapter or a person who takes or buys property subject to such a variance is on notice that the airport existed before the variance was granted and that normal and anticipated normal operations of the airport will result in noise and vibrations being projected over the property. Further- more, a person using a structure built under a variance may not collect dam- ages from a local government for interference with the enjoyment of that structure caused by noise and vibrations from normal and anticipated normal airport operations. History: En. 1-733 by Sec. 10, Ch. 551, L. 1977; R.C.M. 1947, 1-733. Cross -References Permits — variances, 67-6-207. Public nuisance, 45-8-111. 67-4-314. Conditions on permit or variance. Any permit or vari- ance granted pursuant to this chapter may require the owner of the structure or tree in question to permit the local government, at its expense, to install, operate, and maintain the lights and markers necessary to warn pilots of the presence of an airport hazard. History: En. 1-735 by Sec. 12, Ch. 551, L. 1977; R.C.M. 1947, 1-735. Part 4 Remedies 67-4-401. Penalty. Any person who violates any provision of this chap- ter or any rules adopted pursuant to it is guilty of a misdemeanor and pun- ishable by a fine not to exceed $500, imprisonment in a county jail for a period not to exceed 6 months, or both. Each day a violation continues to exist constitutes a separate offense. History: En. 1-739 by Sec. 16, Ch. 551, L. 1977; R.C.M. 1947, 1-739(1). Cross -References Injunction, 67-6-211. Enforcement, 67-5-211. 67-4-402. Injunction. A local governing body may institute in any court of competent jurisdiction an action to prevent, restrain, correct, or abate any violation of this chapter or the rules adopted under it. History: En. 1-739 by Sec. 16, Ch. 551, L. 1977; R.C.M. 1947, 1-739(2). Cross -References Penalty — injunction, 67-6-211. CHAPTER 5 AIRPORT HAZARD REGULATION Part 1 —General Provisions Section 67-5-101. Purpose. 67-5-102. Exception — emergency landing strips. gains a variance for rules adopted pur- �rty subject to such the variance was ions of the airport property. Further - ay not collect dam - enjoyment of that anticipated normal 67-6-207 my permit or vari- aer of the structure expense, to install, i warn pilots of the vision of this chap- lemeanor and Pun- a county jail for a lation continues to y institute in any estrain, correct, or der it. 887 AIRPORT HAZARD REGULATION 67-5-201 Part 2 — Regulation and Restriction 67-5-201. Regulation of building heights. 67-5-202. Regulation of existing structures — power of acquisition. 67-5-203. Duty to acquire permit. 67-5-204. Restriction — lights. 67-5-205 through 67-5-210 reserved. 67-5-211. Enforcement. 67-5-212. Penalty. Part 1 General Provisions 67-5-101. Purpose. For the purpose of ensuring safety from death or injury for aeronauts and passengers, to protect the property of those engaged in aeronautics, and to encourage and promote air travel and transportation of mail, passengers, express, and freight by air, it is considered necessary to eliminate dangerous obstructions of air space in the vicinity of airports or landing fields which may now be or which may hereafter be acquired, owned, operated, controlled, or maintained by the United States, the state of Mon- tana or any county or municipality thereof. In order to promote the public order, health, and safety by providing unobstructed air space for the safe descent, landing, ascent, and operation of aircraft utilizing public airports in the state of Montana, the height of buildings and other structures in the vicinity of the airports and landing fields in the state of Montana owned, leased, operated, maintained, or controlled by any of those public authorities shall be regulated and restricted as hereafter provided. History: En. Sec. 1, Ch. 12, L. 1939; amd. Sec. 3, Ch. 232, L. 1977; R.C.M. 1947, 1-701. 67-5-102. Exception — emergency landing strips. This chapter shall not apply to any landing fields or strips now established or hereafter established by the civil aeronautics authority of the United States govern- ment, known as "emergency landing strips", which do not provide at least 1,800 feet of landing area in all directions and which do not provide facilities for the housing, supply, and servicing of aircraft. History: En. Sec. 7, Ch. 12, L. 1939; R.C.M. 1947, 1-707. Part 2 Regulation and Restriction 67-5-201. Regulation of building heights. (1) The height of build- ings and other structures shall be regulated for the purposes set forth in 67-5-101, considering among other things: (a) requirements and facilities necessary to secure the safe descent, land- ing, ascent, and operation of aircraft utilizing the public airports and landing fields in the state of Montana; (b) hazards from the obstruction of air space and the relation of the height of buildings and other structures in the vicinity of such airports and landing fields to such hazards; (c) the area within which buildings and other structures may dangerously obstruct air space in the vicinity of public airports and landing fields and the height of buildings or other structures within such area which is consistent with the safe use of such airports and landing fields; and (d) the maintenance and use of either obstruction markers or lights, or both, upon buildings and other structures within such area as safety devices. (2) The height of buildings and other structures is regulated and restricted within a distance of 2 miles from any public airport or landing field, measured at a right angle from any side or in a radial line from any corner of the established boundary line thereof, in any and all directions, as follows: (a) The trapezoidal portion of the total 2-mile zone area, 500 feet in width at the boundary of the field or airport and broadening to a width of 2,500 feet 2 miles distant, the centerline of which is a continuation of the centerline of each runway at and upon such public airports and landing fields, known as the approach zone, may have no building or other structure or natural feature or object of any kind therein, the height of which is more than one -twentieth its distance from the nearest boundary of the airport or landing field. -� (b) The remaining portion of the 2-mile zone area surrounding such pub- lic airports and landing fields, lying between the approach zones and known as turning zones, may have no building or other structure or natural feature or object of any kind therein, the height of which is more than one -seventh its distance from the nearest boundary of the airport or landing field. -.) (3) In measuring distances and heights to determine the zone standard, measurements shall be taken from the nearest side of the building or struc- ture or other object to the nearest side of the airport or landing field. In the event of airports having boundaries not regular, the nearest established perimeter of such port and field shall be used, as distinguished from the actual boundary. History: En. Sec. 2, Ch. 12, L. 1939; amd. Sec. 4, Ch. 232, L. 1977; R.C.M. 1947, 1-702. 67-5-202. Regulation of existing structures — power of acqui- sition. With respect to any building or other structure existing on February 7, 1939, which does not conform to the regulations of this chapter in the manner of height, the governmental authority affected thereby (whether the United States, the state of Montana, the several counties, or the several municipalities) in its own right and name, to protect its own airports and landing fields and to carry out the purposes and provisions of this chapter, shall have and is hereby given the right and authority to acquire by pur- chase, grant, or condemnation, such estate or interest in any such building or structure or other object, whether natural object or not, and/or in the lands upon which situated as is necessary to vest full and absolute ownership and control in perpetuity of the space above such land to the extent neces- sary to correct or abate the height of any such nonconforming building or other structure or object to meet the requirements of this chapter as to height limitation within the zones designated. History: En. Sec. 5, Ch. 12, L. 1939; R.C.M. 1947, 1-705. 67-5-203. Duty to acquire permit. (1) Each person, firm, or corpora- tion in this state proposing to erect, establish, or maintain any building or 888 889 AIRPORT HAZARD REGULATION 67-5-212 s may dangerously other structure that would exceed the height limit established by law or to ling fields and the grow any natural object that would exceed such limit when grown, whenever rhich is consistent the proposed erection or growth is within 2 miles of a public airport or land- ing field, shall apply to the proper officer of the United States or the state rkers or lights, or of Montana or any county or municipality thereof, whichever of those bodies as safety devices. has control of the airport or landing field affecting the area, for a permit to; is regulated and erect, establish, or maintain the structure, building, or object proposed. tirport or landing fial line from any (2) No permit may be granted unless the specifications of the building or '. all directions, as other structure or object reveal that the total height does not or will not exceed the height limits fixed by law for the zone in which the same is to area, 500 feet in n be established. ing to a width (3) No permit may be issued in violation of this section, and any permit ntinuation of the which is issued in violation of this section is void. Ir�i )rts and landing History: En. Sec. 4, Ch. 12, L. 1939; amd. Sec. 5 Ch. 232, L. 1977; R.C.M. 1947, 1-704. y („II r other structure of which is more 67-5-204. Restriction — lights. No searchlight, beacon light, or other of the airport or glaring light shall be used, maintained, or operated within said Montana air- port zoning areas so that the same shall reflect, glare, or shine upon or i.. �.nding such pub- the direction of the airports. p ones and known natural feature History: En. Sec. 8, Ch. 12, L. 1939; R.C.M. 1947, 1-708. I ;: �f `! han one -seventh 67-5-205 through 67-5-210 reserved. g ng field. zone standard, 67-5-211. Enforcement. It shall be the duty and authority of every iilding or strut- public body or governmental authority owning, operating, or maintaining a F!;; ing field. In the public airport or landing field to enforce the provisions of this chapter as est established pertains to areas surrounding the particular airport under the control of such I' ished from the body, the same to be enforced in either the court of law or of equity in the state of Montana having jurisdiction of such action. Cases are to be insti- 47, 1-702. tuted in the name of the governmental body charged hereunder with the enforcement hereof. Such action may be to prevent the erection, construc- ig on February tion, or maintenance of such buildings or other structures or parts of build- 1- chapter in the ings or structures as may exceed the height limits fixed by this law or to ; r y (whether the restrain, correct, or abate any such violation and to prevent the occupancy or the several and use of any part of a building or structure erected in violation of this law. iHistory: n airports and En. Sec. 3, Ch. 12, L. 1939; R.C.M. 1947, 1-703. t f f this chapter, Cross -References Airport zoning — penalty — injunction, ;quire by pur- Noise, height, and land use regulation — pen- 67-6-211. Iti such building alty 67-4-401. and/or in the a ute ownership 67-5-212. Penalty. Any person or firm or corporation violating any of extent neces- the provisions of this law shall be guilty of a misdemeanor and upon convic- ig building or tion thereof shall be punishable by a fine onot more than $500 or by f f l i l chapter as to imprisonment for a period of not more than 6 months or by both such fine t' and imprisonment. Each such person, firm, or corporation shall be deemed guilty of a separate offense for every day during any portion of which any violation of this law is committed, continued, or permitted by such person, a, or corpora- firm, or corporation and shall be punishable as provided by such law. y building or History: En. Sec. 12, Ch. 12, L. 1939; R.C.M. 1947, 1-709. l {1 4 �i a 67-6-101 AERONAUTICS 890 891 CHAPTER 6 mitigation, or i AIRPORT ZONING ACT poses for whic] acquire land of Part 1 — General Provisions History: En. Sei Section 67-6-103. 67-6-101. Short title. zoning regulati 67-6-102. Legislative finding and purpose. are held by a 67-6-103. Constitutional restriction. structure or p, Part 2 —Zoning application to deprivation of 67-6-201. Airport zoning power. the constitutio: 67-6-202. Airport zoning regulations —procedure —commission. cation of such: 67-6-203. Airport zoning regulations — requirements. 67-6-204. Zoning regulations — merger or conflict. History: En. Sec 67-6-205. Airport zoning regulations — administration. 67-6-206. Board of adjustment. 67-6-207. Permits — variances. 67-6-208 through 67-6-210 reserved. 67-6-211. Penalty — injunction. Part Cross-Refe Part 3 — Miscellaneous Provisions Rules, permits, a part 3. 67-6-301. Acquisition of property rights when zoning not sufficient. 67-6-201. or establishmei Chapter Cross -References port hazard ai Planning and zoning, Title 76, ch. 2. enforce, under prescribed, airl Part 1 ulations may d land uses perm General Provisions and trees may 1 (2) Where E 67-6-101. Short title. This chapter shall be known and may be cited any airport ha as the "Airport Zoning Act". territorial limit History: En. Sec. 14, Ch. 287, L. 1947; R.C.M. 1947, 1-723. political subdiv vision within A 67-6-102. Legislative finding and purpose. (1) It is hereby found resolution duly that an airport hazard endangers the lives and property of users of the air- shall have the port and of occupants of land in its vicinity and also, if of the obstruction regulations app type, in effect reduces the size of the area available for the landing, taking by subsection off, and maneuvering of aircraft, thus tending to destroy or impair the utility located. Each of the airport and the public investment therein. appointed by E (2) Accordingly, it is hereby declared: addition a chair (a) that the creation or establishment of an airport hazard is a public nui- (3) If in the sane and an injury to the community served by the airport in question; airport, the po A) that it is therefore necessary in the interest of the public health, pub- ! area appertaini lic safety, and general welfare that the creation or establishment of airport adequate airpoi hazards be prevented; and if that political (c) that this should be accomplished, to the extent legally possible, by ing board as au exercise of the police power, without compensation. controlling the (3) It is further declared that both the prevention of the creation or ing regulations establishment of airport hazards and the elimination, removal, alteration, flict between sL ;gl AIRPORT ZONING ACT 67-6-201 mitigation, or marking and lighting of existing airport hazards are public pur- poses for which political subdivisions may raise and expend public funds and acquire land or property interests therein. History: En. Sec. 2, Ch. 287, L. 1947; R.C.M. 1947, 1-711. 67-6-103. Constitutional restriction. In any case in which airport zoning regulations adopted under this chapter, although generally reasonable, are held by a court to interfere with the use or enjoyment of a particular structure or parcel of land to such an extent or to be so onerous in their application to such a structure or parcel of land as to constitute a taking or deprivation of that property in violation of the constitution of this state or the constitution of the United States, such holding shall not affect the appli- cation of such regulations to other structures and parcels of land. History: En. Sec. 10, Ch. 287, L. 1947; R.C.M. 1947, 1-719. Part 2 Zoning ` PArt Cross -References No limitation on airport hazard zoning, Rules, permits, and variances, Title 67, ch. 4, 67-10-231, 67-11-241. ?art 3. 67-6-201. Airport zoning power. (1) In order to prevent the creation or establishment of airport hazards, every political subdivision having an air- port hazard area within its territorial limits may adopt, administer, and enforce, under the police power and in the manner and upon the conditions Prescribed, airport zoning regulations for such airport hazard area, which reg- ulations may divide such area into zones and, within such zones, specify the land uses permitted and regulate and restrict the height to which structures "d trees may be erected or allowed to grow. (2) Where an airport is owned or controlled by a political subdivision and and may be cited any airport hazard area appertaining to such airport is located outside the territorial limits of said political subdivision, within or without the state, the Political subdivision owning or controlling the airport and the political subdi- t is hereby found sision within which the airport hazard area is located may, by ordinance or resolution ' users of the air- duly adopted, create a joint airport zoning board, which board 'hall have the the same power to adopt, administer, and enforce airport zoning regulations If obstruction to landing, taking applicable to the airport hazard area in question as that vested 11 by subsection impair the utility (1) in the political subdivision within which such area is I located. Each such joint board shall have as members two representatives aPpointed by each political subdivision participating in its creation and in d is a public ntli- tddition a chairman elected by a majority of the members so appointed. I(3) If in the judgment of a political subdivision owning or controlling an in question; health, pub' tirport, the political subdivision within which is located an airport hazard 'fell tblic hment of airport appertaining to that airport has failed to adopt or enforce reasonably s +dequate airport zoning regulations for such area under subsection (1) and if that ally possible, by political subdivision has refused to join in creating a joint airport zon- 3; Mg board as authorized in subsection (2), the political subdivision owning or the creation or 11011trollin the airport mayitself adopt, administer, and enforce airport zon- = ing regulations �oval, alteration, for the airport hazard area in question. In the event of con- nict between such regulations and any airport zoning regulations adopted by 67-6-202 AERONAUTICS 892 the political subdivision within which the airport hazard area is located, the regulations of the political subdivision owning or controlling the airport shall govern and prevail. History: En. Sec. 3, Ch. 287, L. 1947; R.C.M. 1947, 1-712. 67-6-202. Airport zoning regulations — procedure — commis- sion. (1) In adopting, amending, and repealing airport zoning regulations under this chapter, the political subdivision or joint airport zoning board shall follow the procedure prescribed by the laws of this state for the adop- tion, amendment, or repeal of comprehensive zoning regulations, as provided in Title 76, chapter 2, part 3. (2) Prior to the initial zoning of any airport hazard area under this chap- ter, the political subdivision or joint airport zoning board which is to adopt the regulations shall appoint a commission, to be known as the airport zoning commission, to recommend the boundaries of the various zones to be estab- lished and the regulations to be adopted therefor. Such commission shall make a preliminary report and hold public hearings thereon before submit- ting its final report, and the legislative body of the political subdivision or the joint airport zoning board shall not hold its public hearings or take other action until it has received the final report of such commission. Where a city planning commission or comprehensive zoning commission already exists, it may be appointed as the airport zoning commission. History: En. Sec. 5, Ch. 287, L. 1947; R.C.M. 1947, 1-714. 67-6-203. Airport zoning regulations — requirements. (1) All air- port zoning re gulations_adopted under this chapter shall be reasonable, and none shall impose any requirement or restriction which is not reason -`ally nec- essary to effectuate the purposes of this chapter. In determining whidif regula- tions it may adopt, each political subdivision and joint airport zoning board shall consider, among other things, the character of the flying operations expected to be conducted at the airport, the nature of the terrain within the airport hazard area, the character of the neighborhood, and the uses to which the property to be zoned is put and adaptable. (2) No airport zoning regulations adopted under this chapter shall require the removal, lowering, or other change or alteration of any structure or tree not conforming to the regulations when adopted or amended or otherwise interfere with the continuance of any nonconforming use, except as provided in 67-6-207(3). History: En. Sec. 6, Ch. 287, L. 1947; R.C.M. 1947, 1-715. 67-6-204. Zoning regulations — merger or conflict. (1) In the event that a political subdivision had adopted or hereafter adopts a compre- hensive zoning ordinance regulating, among other things, the height of build- ings, any airport zoning regulations applicable to the same area or portion thereof may be incorporated in and made a part of such comprehensive zon- ing regulations and be administered and enforced in connection therewith. (2) In the event of conflict between any airport zoning regulations adopted under this chapter and any other regulations applicable to the same area, whether the conflict be with respect to the height of structures or trees, the use of land, or any other matter and whether such other regulations were 893 adopted by 1 sion, the moi History: En.: 67-6-205. port zoning administratic agency which board, or oth lations or of ation of the satisfactory tc tive agency bt of any admit include that c agency shall 1 board of adjue History: En. S( 67-6-206. adopted under appointed in 1 76-2-321 throw relating to app History: En. Se, 67-6-207, enforcement of mits to establi before any non nonconforming be secured fro enforce the reg mit shall be gr, 'ard to air navig Whenever the ture or tree ha deteriorated, or structure or tre from the zoning for replacement, (2) Any pers structure, permi lation of airport the board of ad; tion. Such varia ment of the reg hardship and th, but do substanti tions and this c) able conditions effectuate the pu 892 393 AIRPORT ZONING ACT 67-6-207 and area is located, the adopted by the airport zoning regulations or by some other political subdivi- rolling the airport shall lion, the more stringent limitation or requirement shall govern and prevail. History: En. Sec. 4, Ch. 287, L. 1947; R.C.M. 1947, 1-713. 67-6-205. Airport zoning regulations — administration. All air- ocedure — commis- port zoning regulations adopted under this chapter shall provide for the ,ort zoning regulations administration and enforcement of such regulations by an administrative agency which may be an agency created by such regulations or any official, airport zoning board hoard, or other existing agency of the political subdivision adopting the regu- his state for the adop- 'rations or of one of the political subdivisions which participated in the cre- egulations, as provided ation of the joint airport zoning board adopting the regulations, if atisfactory to that political subdivision; but in no case shall such administra- area under this chap- tWe agency be or include any member of the board of adjustment. The duties rard which is to adopt 4 any administrative agency designated pursuant to this chapter shall n as the airport zoning include that of hearing and deciding all permits under 67-6-207(1), but such ous zones to be estab- igency shall not have or exercise any of the powers herein delegated to the luch commission shall heard of adjustment. hereon before submit- history: En. Sec. 8, Ch. 287, L. 1947; R.C.M. 1947, 1-717. iolitical subdivision or hearings or take other 67-6-206. Board of adjustment. All airport zoning regulations [mission. Where a city adopted under this chapter shall provide for a board of adjustment to be sion already exists, it appointed in the manner and have and exercise all the powers provided in -6-2-321 through 76-2-328, and each and all of the provisions of said sections relating to appeals and judicial review shall be applicable to this chapter. History: En. Sec. 9, Ch. 287, L. 1947; R.C.M. 1947, 1-718. irements. (1) All air- 67-6-207. Permits — variances. (1) When advisable to facilitate the dl be reasonab e, —and enforcement of this chapter, a system may be established for granting per - is not reason- bly nec• Mits to establish or construct new structures and other uses. In any event, srmining wha regula- '�fore any nonconforming structure may be replaced with a taller one or any airport zoning board :Nonconforming tree allowed to grow higher or be replanted, a permit must the flying operations secured from the administrative agency authorized to administer and ;he terrain within the <nforce the regulations authorizing such replacement or change. No such per- 1nd the uses to which shall be granted that would allow the structure to become a greater haz- >rd to air navigation than it was when the applicable regulation was adopted. chapter shall require Whenever the administrative agency determines that a nonconforming struc- any structure or tree '°fe or tree has been abandoned or more than 80% torn down, destroyed, mended or otherwise -eteriorated, or decayed, no permit shall be granted- that would allow said e, except as provided 'tructure or tree to exceed the applicable height limit or otherwise deviate ?rom the zoning regulations. Except as indicated, all applications for permits ',,r replacement, change, or repair of nonconforming uses shall be granted. (2) Any person desiring to erect any structure, increase the height of any -onflict. (1) In the 'tructure, permit the growth of any tree, or otherwise use his property in vio- `er adopts a compre' 't'on,of airport zoning regulations adopted under this chapter may apply to Ithe height of build- 'he board of adjustment for a variance from the zoning regulations in ques- area or p ortios t=on• Such variances shall be allowed where a literal application or enforce - comprehensive zon• comprehensive gent g p y y ''-"nt of the regulations would result in practical difficult or unnecessary section therewith. p and the relief granted would not be contrary to the public interest zoning regulations undo substantial justice and be in accordance with the spirit of the regula- plicable to the saw and this chapter. Any variance may be allowed subject to any reason- `hle conditions f structures or trees that the board of adjustment may deem necessary to `ffectuate her regulations INV— the purposes of this chapter. 67-6-211 AERONAUTICS (3) In granting any permit or variance under this section, the administra- tive agency or board of adjustment may, ifitdeems such action advisable to effectuate the purposes of this chapter and reasonable in the circumstances, so condition such permit or variance as to require the owner of the structure or tree in question to permit the political subdivision, at its own expense, to install, operate, and maintain thereon such markers and lights as may be necessary to indicate to flyers the presence of an airport hazard. History- En. Sec. 7, Ch. 287, L. 1947; R.C.M. 1947, 1-716. Cross -References Noise, height, and land use regulation — per- mits and variances, 674-313,67-4-314. 67-6-211. Penalty — injunction. Each violation of this chapter or of any regulations, orders, or rulings promulgated or made pursuant to this chapter shall constitute a misdemeanor and shall be punishable by a fine of not more than $500 or imprisonment for not more than 6 months or by both such fine and imprisonment, and each day a violation continues to exist shall constitute a separate offense. In addition the political subdivision or agency adopting zoning regulations under this chapter may institute in any court of competent jurisdiction an action to prevent, restrain, correct, or abate any violation of this chapter or of airport zoning regulations adopted under this chapter or of any order or ruling made in connection with their administra- tion or enforcement; and the court shall adjudge to the plaintiff such relief, by way of injunction (which may be mandatory) or otherwise, as may be proper under all the facts and circumstances of the case, in order fully to effectuate the purposes of this chapter and of the regulations adopted and orders and rulings made pursuant thereto. History: En. Sec. 11, Ch. 287,1— 1947; R.C.M. 1947,1-720. Cross -References Restrictions on height of structures and lights Noise, height, and land use regulation ® pen- — enforcement and penalty, 67-5211, 675-211 alty and injunction, 674401, 674-402. Part 3 Miscellaneous Provisions 67-6-301. Acquisition of property rights when zoning not suffii- cient. The political subdivision within which the property or nonconforming use is located or the political subdivision owning the airport or served by it may acquire, by purchase, grant, or condemnation in the manner provided by the law under which political subdivisions are authorized to acquire real property for public purposes, such air right, aviation easement, or other estate or interest in the property or nonconforming structure or use in ques- tion as may be necessary to effectuate the purposes of this chapter, in any case in which: (1) it is desired to remove, lower, or otherwise terminate a nonconforming structure or use; (2) the approach protection necessary cannot, because of constitutional limitations, be provided by airport zoning regulations under this chapter-, or