February Packet
ZONING
ORDINANCE
Adopted by the Kalispell City Council Ordinance No. 1677
Date: July 19, 2010 UPDATE DRAFT
This document can be viewed, printed or downloaded at:
https://www.kalispell.com/DocumentCenter/View/504/Kalispell-Zoning-Ordinance-Approved-by-City-Council-10-20-25-PDF
Prepared by: Kalispell Planning Department 201 1st Avenue East
Kalispell, Montana 59901(406) 758-7940 $30.00
KALISPELL ZONING ORDINANCE
Ordinance No. Adopted: 1677 7/10/10 Amended:
1702 Amend Section 27.20.202(d) clarifying accessory structure size limit; Amend Section 27.22.050 temporary signs in public right-
of-way; Section 27.22.070 light intensity of electronic reader
boards; and Section 27.29.020 update zoning map amendments to reflect current state law
11/7/11
1712 Amend Section 27.12.030 to add “kennels, animal shelters” as admin conditional use in B-2; Amend definition of “dwelling, townhouse”; and amend definition of “automobile sales and/or repair”
3/19/12
1715 Amend Section 27:22:040 to allow certain changes to existing reader boards to be considered routine maintenance rather than an alteration of the sign
8/20/12
1720 Amend various sections to change government uses from
conditionally permitted to permitted uses
1/22/13
1722 Amend section 27.34.040(3) to increase the maximum percentage of floor area allowed for casinos as a minor accessory use to 20% 3/18/13
1743 Amend section 27.12.020 (23) Retail, limited to include office
supply and amend Appendix B, Table of Uses Allowed by Zone
Footnotes #5 to include office supply
9/15/14
1744 Amendments to various sections. 10/6/14
1763 Amend section 27.24.040(6) b.3 Special Parking Maintenance
District No. 2
11/16/15
1764 Amend section 27.34.040 Casinos 11/16/15
1768 Add Chapter 27.14A – B-3 Core Area –Business Zoning District 3/21/15
1771 Amendments to various sections 6/6/16
1778 Add section 27.20.095 Short Term Residential Rental Standards 12/19/16
1789 Amend section 27.12.030 by adding private schools as a
permitted use within the B-1 zoning district
5/15/17
1824 Amendments to various sections 3/18/19
1851 Amend section 27.12.30 to add homeless shelters as a conditionally permitted use in the B-1, Neighborhood Business,
zone
11/16/20
1860 Add Chapter 27.21A – Downtown Historic District Design Standards 8/19/21
1861 Accessory Dwelling Units – amendments to various sections 9/02/21
1866 Marijuana Dispensaries – amendments to various sections 10/18/21
1883 Amend Section 27.07.010 relating to the intent of the R-4
(Residential) zone.
6/20/22
1886 Amend Section 27.34.060 – Recreational Amenities 7/18/22
1933 Add section 27.20.125 – Skybridge Setback Exemption 2/3/25
1946 Amend Sections 27.04.040(3), 27.05.040(3), 27.06.040(3), 27.07.040(3), 28.08.040(3), and 27.37.010(177), and add Section 27.20.093.
10/20/25
1948 Amend section 27.33 – CUP Revocation Process 12/15/2025
TABLE OF CONTENTS CHAPTER PAGE
27.01 GENERAL PROVISIONS ..................................................................................................... 7
27.02 ESTABLISHMENT OF DISTRICTS .................................................................................. 8
27.03 APPLICATION OF DISTRICT REGULATIONS ............................................................ 10
27.04 R-1 RESIDENTIAL ............................................................................................................. 12
27.05 R-2 RESIDENTIAL ............................................................................................................. 14
27.06 R-3 RESIDENTIAL ............................................................................................................. 16
27.07 R-4 RESIDENTIAL ............................................................................................................ 18
27.08 R-5 RESIDENTIAL / PROFESSIONAL OFFICE........................................................... 20
27.09 RA-1 RESIDENTIAL APARTMENT .............................................................................. 22
27.10 RA-2 RESIDENTIAL APARTMENT/OFFICE .............................................................. 24
27.11 H-1 HEALTH CARE ........................................................................................................... 26
27.12 B-1 NEIGHBORHOOD BUSINESS ................................................................................. 28
27.13 B-2 GENERAL BUSINESS ................................................................................................. 30
27.14A B-3 CORE AREA - BUSINESS ........................................................................................ 33
27.14B B-4 CENTRAL BUSINESS .............................................................................................. 36
27.15 B-5 INDUSTRIAL-BUSINESS .......................................................................................... 39
27.16 I-1 LIGHT INDUSTRIAL .................................................................................................. 42
27.17 I-2 HEAVY INDUSTRIAL ................................................................................................. 45
27.18 P-1 PUBLIC ......................................................................................................................... 48
27.19 PLANNED UNIT DEVELOPMENT DISTRICT (PUD) ................................................ 50
27.20 SUPPLEMENTARY REGULATIONS .............................................................................. 64
27.21 ARCHITECTURAL REVIEW ............................................................................................ 84
27.21A DOWNTOWN HISTORIC DISTRICT DESIGN STANDARDS ................................ 88
27.22 SIGN REGULATIONS ........................................................................................................ 97
27.23 NONCONFORMING LOTS, USES AND STRUCTURES ........................................... 120
27.24 OFF-STREET PARKING DESIGN STANDARDS ...................................................... 123
27.25 OFF-STREET LOADING DESIGN STANDARDS ...................................................... 137
27.26 OUTDOOR LIGHTING STANDARDS ......................................................................... 139
27.27 ZONING ADMINISTRATOR ......................................................................................... 147
27.28 PLANNINGCOMMISSION ............................................................................................. 149
Table of Contents - ii 27.29 ADMENDMENTS AND CHANGES ............................................................................... 150
27.30 [RESERVED] .................................................................................................................... 152
27.31 APPEALS ........................................................................................................................... 154
27.32 VARIANCES ...................................................................................................................... 156
27.33 CONDITIONAL USE PERMITS .................................................................................... 159
27.34 ADDITIONAL REQUIREMENTS FOR SPECIFIC CONDITIONAL USES ............. 167
27.35 ADMINISTRATIVE ADJUSTMENTS .......................................................................... 176
27.36 ENFORCEMENT .............................................................................................................. 179
27.37 DEFINITIONS .................................................................................................................. 180
APPENDIX A MINIMUM PARKING LOT REQUIREMENTS ............................................. 214
APPENDIX B TABLE OF USES ALLOWED BY ZONE ......................................................... 217
APPENDIX C PROPERTY DEVELOPMENT STANDARDS FOR ALL USES ................... 224
General Provisions - 6
CHAPTER 27.01 GENERAL PROVISIONS
Sections: 27.01.010: Title. This title and all chapters herein shall be known and cited as the “City of Kalispell Zoning Ordinance” in accordance with and exercising the authority
of the laws of the State of Montana. 27.01.020: Severability. Where any word, phrase, clause, sentence, paragraph, or section, or other part of these regulations is held invalid by a court of competent jurisdiction, such judgment shall affect only that part held invalid.
27.01.030 Repealing Clause. Ordinance Number 1460 of the City of Kalispell, Montana, and all parts or portions of other ordinances in conflict herewith, are hereby repealed.
27.01.040 Purpose. The purpose of this ordinance is to promote the health, safety
and general welfare of the community; to promote the visual and aesthetic objectives of the community; to conserve energy and natural resources; to lessen congestion in the streets and to provide adequate accommodations for transportation of people and goods; to provide adequate light and air; to
promote the efficient use of land; to facilitate the provision of transportation,
water, sewer, schools, parks, stormwater management, other public requirements and environmental needs; to promote orderly development according to the Kalispell Land Use Plan and other adopted city land use and facilities policies; to secure safety from fire, panic, and other dangers; to
regulate and restrict the height, number of stories, and size of buildings and
other structures, the percentage of lot that may be occupied, the size of yards and other open spaces, and the location and use of buildings, structures and land for trade, industry, residences and/or other purposes.
Establishment of Districts - 7
CHAPTER 27.02 ESTABLISHMENT OF DISTRICTS
Sections: 27.02.010: Official Zoning Map. The city is hereby divided into zones or districts, as shown on the official zoning map, which, together with all explanatory
matter thereon, is hereby adopted by reference and declared to be a part of this
chapter. Within such districts, the city will regulate and restrict the creation, construction, reconstruction, alteration, repair, or use of buildings, structures, or land.
For the purpose of this chapter, the city is hereby divided and classified into the
following use districts: (1) R-1: Residential (2) R-2: Residential
(3) R-3: Residential
(4) R-4: Residential (5) R-5: Residential/Professional Office (6) RA-1: Residential Apartment (7) RA-2: Residential Apartment/Office
(8) RA-3: Combined with RA-2 under July, 2010, amendment
(9) H-1: Health Care (10) B-1: Neighborhood Business (11) B-2: General Business (12) B-3: Core Area - Business
(13) B-4: Central Business
(14) B-5: Industrial Business (15) I-1: Light Industrial (16) I-2: Heavy Industrial (17) P-1: Public
(18) PUD: Planned Unit Development Overlays
The official zoning map, including any changes made pursuant to this ordinance, shall be maintained by and available in the office of the Zoning Administrator and is also available on-line at the City’s website. The official
zoning map shall be the final authority as to the current zoning status of land
and water area, buildings and other structures in the city. 27.02.020: Interpretations of Boundaries. Where uncertainty exists as to the boundaries of districts as shown on the official zoning map, the boundaries shall
be interpreted as following the nearest logical line to that shown:
(1) Boundaries indicated as approximately following the centerline of streets, highways, or alleys shall be construed to follow such centerlines;
Establishment of Districts - 8
(2) Boundaries indicated as approximately following platted lot lines shall
be construed as following such lot lines;
(3) Boundaries indicated as approximately following city limits shall be construed as following such city limits;
(4) Boundaries indicated as approximately following railroad lines shall be
construed as following such railroad lines; (5) Boundaries indicated as approximately following the centerline of streams, rivers, canals, or ditches shall be construed as following such
centerlines;
(6) Boundaries indicated as parallel to or extensions of features indicated on the official zoning map shall be determined by the scale on the map;
(7) Where physical or cultural features existing on the ground are at
variance with those shown on the official zoning map or where other circumstances or controversy arise over district boundaries, the Zoning Administrator shall interpret the district boundary; and
(8) Where property abuts an unzoned public or private right-of-way, the
zoning designation of the property adjoining the right-of-way shall be deemed to extend to the centerline of the right-of-way, or, if the property on the opposite side of the right-of-way is not within the city limits, the zoning designation shall extend to the opposite side of the right-of-way.
27.02.030: Interpretation of Uses. If questions arise concerning the appropriate classification of a particular use, or if the specific use is not listed, the Zoning Administrator shall determine the appropriate classification for that use. In interpreting use classification, the Zoning Administrator shall determine the
listed, use, if any, which is so like the requested use in purpose, function,
character, and effect as to be substantially similar to said listed use. In the case of ambiguity or uncertainty, the interpretation is to be interpreted in favor of the use in question. Neither the intent of this ordinance nor the intent of the district will be abrogated by such classification. Appeal of the interpretation may be
made pursuant to Chapter 27.31.
Application of District Regulations- 9
CHAPTER 27.03 APPLICATION OF DISTRICT REGULATIONS
Sections: 27.03.010: Application of District Regulations. Except as otherwise provided herein, the regulations set by this chapter and Chapters 27.04 through 27.19
shall be the minimum regulations and all regulations as categorized shall apply
uniformly to each class or kind of structure or land and particularly: (1) No building, structure or land shall hereafter be used or occupied, and no building, structure, or part thereof shall hereafter be erected,
constructed, reconstructed, moved, or structurally altered unless it is in
conformity with all of the regulations herein specified for the district in which it is located and a building permit, if necessary, has been issued. (2) No part of any yard, or other open space, or off-street parking or loading
space required about or in connection with any building for the purpose
of complying with this ordinance shall be included as part of a yard, open space, or off-street parking or loading space similarly required for any other building except as otherwise provided for shared parking as set forth by Section 27.24.040(3)(a).
(3) No yard or lot existing at the time of adoption of this ordinance shall be reduced in dimension or area below the minimum requirements set forth herein. Yards or lots created after the effective date of this ordinance shall meet at least the minimum requirements established by this
ordinance.
(4) The Kalispell City Council shall determine the appropriate zoning for any and all areas to be annexed to the city but shall request a recommendation from the Kalispell City Planning Commission. The
adopted Kalispell Land Use Plan and relevant legal precedent shall be
the primary considerations in the selection of an appropriate zoning classification. When such zoning of annexed territory is to be effective at the time of such annexation, the Planning Commission shall have held a public hearing in order that the City Council may determine the proper
zoning.
(5) The following shall be an exception to the required lot areas as set out in Chapters 27.04 through 27.19:
(a) Lots which are non-conforming in respect to lot area
requirements.
Application of District Regulations- 10
(b) Sublots are not subject to the area, yard, or other dimensional requirements of this ordinance, but the parent tract shall be
subject to the property development standards of each zoning
district and the density requirements set forth in this ordinance. (6) Any building permit or other authorization issued, granted or approved in violation of the provisions of this ordinance shall be null and void and
of no effect without the necessity of any proceedings for a revocation or
nullification thereof. Any work undertaken or use established pursuant to any void building permit or other authorization shall be unlawful and no action may be taken by any officer or any employee of the city purporting to validate any such violation.
(7) Multiple contiguous lots held in common ownership may obtain a written zoning lot determination by the Zoning Administrator. The purpose of the zoning lot determination is to recognize the exterior boundaries of the combined lots as a single tract of land for zoning
purposes, including the application of the area, dimensional, and setback
requirements of the zoning ordinance. Any modification of the interior lot lines pursuant to a boundary line adjustment, amended plat or other instrument, other than the elimination of the interior lot lines, shall void the written zoning lot determination.
R-1 Residential - 11
CHAPTER 27.04 R-1 RESIDENTIAL
Sections: 27.04.010: Intent. A transitional district intended to provide for estate-type residential development and for the performance of limited agricultural activities. This
district would normally be located in transitional areas on the fringes of the city
and serve as a buffer between urban and rural/agricultural uses. Lots within this zoning district may have city municipal water and/or sewer. This zoning district would typically be found in areas designated as suburban residential on the Kalispell Land Use Plan Future Land Use Map.
27.04.020: Permitted Uses. (1) Agricultural and horticultural uses (2) Day care – home (12 or fewer)
(3) Dwelling - single family
- duplex - townhouse (2 attached units) - accessory dwelling unit (4) Fairgrounds (public)
(5) Group home – 8 or fewer persons
(5) Home occupations (refer to Section 27.20.060) (6) Jail Facilities (public) (7) Parks (8) Police and fire stations
(9) Safe houses
(10) Schools – K-12 (public) - post secondary (public) 27.04.030: Uses Which May Be Permitted By Conditional Use Permit.
(1) Bed and breakfast (2) Cemeteries, mausoleums and columbariums (3) Church (4) Community center
(5) Day care – center (13 or more)
(6) Golf courses (7) Greenhouses, nursery, landscaping materials
(10) Monument manufacture and sales
(12) Residential care home or facility (13) Schools - K-12 (private) - post secondary (private)
R-1 Residential - 12
(14) Shooting and archery - indoor - outdoor (archery only)
(15) Utilities (primary distribution site)
R-1 Residential - 13
27.04.040: Property Development Standards.
(1) Minimum Lot Area (sq ft): 15,000 (2) Minimum Lot Width (ft): 100
(3) Minimum Setbacks (ft): Front Yard - 20 Side Yard - 20 Rear Yard - 20 Side Corner - 20
Attached Garage (Front/Side Corner) - 20 Accessory Structures – See Section 27.20.020 Eave Encroachments – See Section 27.20.093 (4) Maximum Building Height (ft): 35
(5) Permitted Lot Coverage (%): 35
(6) Off-Street Parking (refer to Chapter 27.24) (7) Fences (refer to Section 27.20.040) Maximum Height (ft): Front - 4
Rear - 6.5
Side - 6.5 Side Corner - 6.5 (8) Signs (refer to Chapter 27.22)
R-2 Residential - 14
CHAPTER 27.05 R-2 RESIDENTIAL
Sections: 27.05.010: Intent. A district intended to provide adequate lot areas for lower density residential development; should have good thoroughfare access, and be in
proximity to community and neighborhood facilities, i.e., schools, parks,
shopping areas, etc. This development will normally require all public utilities. This zoning district would typically be found in areas designated as suburban residential on the Kalispell Land Use Plan Future Land Use Map.
27.05.020: Permitted Uses.
(1) Day care – home (12 or fewer) (2) Dwelling - single family - duplex
- townhouse (2 attached units)
- accessory dwelling unit (3) Fairgrounds (public) (4) Group home – 8 or fewer persons (4) Home occupations (refer to Section 27.20.060)
(5) Jail Facilities (public)
(6) Parks (7) Police and fire stations (8) Safe houses (9) Schools – K-12 (public)
- post secondary (public)
27.05.030: Uses Which May Be Permitted By Conditional Use Permit. (1) Bed and breakfast
(2) Church
(3) Community center (4) Day care – center (13 or more) (5) Dwelling - townhouse (3 or more attached units)
(6) Golf courses
(8) Residential care home or facility (9) Schools – K-12 - post-secondary
(10) Schools – K-12 (private)
- post secondary (private) (11) Utilities (primary distribution site)
R-2 Residential - 15
27.05.040: Property Development Standards.
(1) Minimum Lot Area (sq ft): 7,500
(2) Minimum Lot Width (ft): 50 (3) Minimum Setbacks (ft): Front Yard - 20 Side Yard - 10
Rear Yard - 20
Side Corner - 20 Attached Garage (Front/Side Corner) - 20 Accessory Structures – See Section 27.20.020 Eave Encroachments – See Section 27.20.093
(4) Maximum Building Height (ft): 35
(5) Permitted Lot Coverage: 35 % (6) Off-Street Parking (refer to Chapter 27.24) (7) Fences (refer to Section 27.20.040) Maximum Fence Heights (ft):
Front Yard - 4
Side Yard - 6.5 Rear Yard - 6.5 Side Corner - 6.5 (8) Signs (refer to Chapter 27.22)
R-3 Residential - 16
CHAPTER 27.06 R-3 RESIDENTIAL
Sections: 27.06.010: Intent. A district intended to provide lot areas for urban residential development. This district should have good thoroughfare access, and be in
proximity to community and neighborhood facilities, i.e., schools, parks,
shopping areas, etc. Development within this district must be served by all public utilities. This zoning district would typically be found in areas designated as suburban residential or urban residential on the Kalispell Land Use Plan Future Land Use Map.
27.06.020: Permitted Uses. (1) Day care - home (12 or fewer) (2) Dwelling - single family
- duplex
- townhouse (2 attached units) - accessory dwelling unit (3) Fairgrounds (public) (4) Group home – 8 or fewer persons
(4) Home Occupations (Refer to Section 27.20.060)
(5) Jail Facilities (public) (6) Parks (7) Police and fire stations (8) Safe houses
(9) Schools – K-12 (public)
- post secondary (public) 27.06.030: Uses Which May Be Permitted By Conditional Use Permit.
(1) Bed and breakfast
(2) Church (3) Community center (4) Day care – center (13 or more) (5) Dwelling
- townhouse (3 or more attached units)
(6) Golf courses (8) Residential care home or facility (9) Schools - K-12 (private)
- post secondary (private)
(10) Utilities (primary distribution site)
R-3 Residential - 17
27.06.040: Property Development Standards.
(1) Minimum Lot Area (sq ft): 4,500
(2) Minimum Lot Width (ft): 45 (3) Minimum Setbacks (ft): Front Yard - 15 Side Yard - 5
Rear Yard - 10
Side Corner - 15 Attached Garage (Front/Side Corner) - 20 Accessory Structures – See Section 27.20.020 Eave Encroachments – See Section 27.20.093
(4) Maximum Building Height (ft): 35
(5) Permitted Lot Coverage (%): 45 (6) Off-Street Parking (refer to Chapter 27.24) (7) Fences (refer to Section 27.20.040) Maximum Heights (ft):
Front - 4
Side - 6.5 Rear - 6.5 Side Corner - 6.5 (8) Signs (refer to Chapter 27.22)
R-4 Residential - 18
CHAPTER 27.07 R-4 RESIDENTIAL
Sections: 27.07.010: Intent. This district is comprised of primarily single-family and duplex dwellings. Development within the district will require all public utilities, and
all community facilities. This zoning district would typically be found in areas
designated as suburban residential and urban residential on the Kalispell Land Use Plan Future Land Use Map. 27.07.020: Permitted Uses.
(1) Day care - home (12 or fewer) (2) Dwelling - single family - duplex - townhouse (2 attached units)
- accessory dwelling unit
(3) Fairgrounds (public) (4) Group home – 8 or fewer persons (4) Home Occupations (refer to Section 27.20.060) (5) Jail Facilities (public)
(6) Parks
(7) Police and fire stations (8) Safe houses (9) Schools – K-12 (public) - post secondary (public)
27.07.030: Uses Which May Be Permitted By Conditional Use Permit. (1) Bed and breakfast (2) Church
(3) Community center
(4) Day care - center (13 or more) (5) Dwelling - townhouse (3 or more attached units) (6) Golf courses
(8) Mobile home park
(9) Residential care home or facility. (10) Schools - K-12 (private) - post secondary (private) (11) Utilities (primary distribution site)
R-4 Residential - 19
27.07.040: Property Development Standards.
(1) Minimum Lot Area (sq ft): 4,500
(2) Minimum Lot Width (ft): 45 (3) Minimum Setbacks (ft): Front Yard - 15 Side Yard - 5
Rear Yard - 10
Side Corner - 15 Attached Garage (Front/Side Corner) - 20 Accessory Structures – See Section 27.20.020 Eave Encroachments – See Section 27.20.093
(4) Maximum Building Height (ft): 35
(5) Permitted Lot Coverage (%): 45 (6) Off-Street Parking (refer to Chapter 27.24) (7) Fences (refer to Section 27.20.040) Maximum Heights (ft):
Front - 4
Side - 6.5 Rear - 6.5 Side Corner - 6.5 (8) Signs (refer to Chapter 27.22)
R-5 Residential/Professional Office - 20
CHAPTER 27.08 R-5 RESIDENTIAL / PROFESSIONAL OFFICE
Sections: 27.08.010: Intent. An urban residential district intended to accommodate professional offices where it is not deemed desirable to permit a more intensive business
activity of a retail nature. Such a district should serve as a buffer between
residential areas and other commercial districts and should be associated with arterial or minor arterial streets. This zoning district would typically be found in areas designated as urban mixed use on the Kalispell Land Use Plan Future Land Use Map.
27.08.020: Permitted Uses. (1) Church (2) Day care – home (12 or fewer)
(3) Dwelling - single family
- duplex - townhouse (2 attached units) - townhouse (3 or more attached units) - multi-family
- accessory dwelling unit
(4) Fairgrounds (public) (5) Funeral homes and crematoriums (6) Group home – 8 or fewer persons (6) Home occupations (refer to Section 27.20.060)
(7) Jail Facilities (public)
(8) Office - professional/governmental (9) Parks (10) Photographic studio (no retail) (11) Police and fire stations
(12) Safe houses
(13) Schools – K-12 (public) - post secondary (public) 27.08.030: Uses Which May Be Permitted By Conditional Use Permit.
(1) Bed and breakfast (2) Community center (3) Day care – center (13 or more) (5) Golf courses
(7) Residential care home or facility
(8) Schools - K-12 (private) - post secondary (private) - commercial
R-5 Residential/Professional Office - 21
(9) Utilities (primary distribution site)
R-5 Residential/Professional Office - 22
27.08.040: Property Development Standards.
(1) Minimum Lot Area (sq ft): 4,500+ 4,500 for each additional unit
beyond duplex. (2) Minimum Lot Width (ft): 45 (3) Minimum Setbacks (ft): Front Yard - 15
Side Yard - 5
Rear Yard - 10 Side Corner - 15 Attached Garage (Front/Side Corner) - 20 Accessory Structures – See Section 27.20.020
Eave Encroachments – See Section 27.20.093
(4) Maximum Building Height (ft): 35 (5) Permitted Lot Coverage (%): 50 (6) Off-Street Parking (refer to Chapter 27.24) (7) Fences (refer to Section 27.20.040)
Maximum Heights (ft):
Front - 4 Side - 6.5 Rear - 6.5 Side Corner - 6.5
(8) Signs (refer to Chapter 27.22)
RA-1 Residential Apartment - 23
CHAPTER 27.09 RA-1 RESIDENTIAL APARTMENT
Sections: 27.09.010: Intent. A residential district intended to provide for urban areas for multi-family use and compatible non-residential uses of medium land use intensity. It
should be served with all public utilities and be in close proximity to municipal
services, parks, or shopping districts. This zoning district would typically be found in areas designated as urban residential or high density residential on the Kalispell Land Use Plan Future Land Use Map.
27.09.020: Permitted Uses.
(1) Church (2) Day care – home (12 or fewer) (3) Dwelling - single family
- duplex
- townhouse (2 attached units) - townhouse (3 or more attached units) - multi-family - accessory dwelling unit
(4) Fairgrounds (public)
(5) Group home – 8 or fewer persons (5) Home occupations (Refer to Section 27.20.060) (6) Jail Facilities (public) (7) Parks
(8) Police and fire stations
(9) Safe houses (10) Schools – K-12 (public) - post secondary (public)
27.09.030: Uses Which May Be Permitted By Conditional Use Permit.
(1) Bed and breakfast (2) Community center (3) Day care - center (13 or more)
(5) Golf courses
(6) Group home - 9 or more persons (7) Homeless shelters (8) Residential care home or facility
(9) Schools - K-12 (private)
- post secondary (private) - commercial (10) Utilities (primary distribution site)
RA-1 Residential Apartment - 24
27.09.040: Property Development Standards.
(1) Minimum Lot Area (sq ft): 4,500+ 2,250 for each additional unit beyond duplex. (2) Minimum Lot Width (ft): 45 (3) Minimum Setbacks (ft):
Front Yard - 15
Side Yard - 5 Rear Yard - 10 Side Corner - 15 Attached Garage (Front/Side Corner) - 20
Accessory Structures – See Section 27.20.020
(4) Maximum Building Height (ft): 45 (5) Permitted Lot Coverage (%): 45 (6) Off-Street Parking (refer to Chapter 27.24) (7) Fences (refer to Section 27.20.040)
Maximum Heights (ft):
Front - 4 Side - 6.5 Rear - 6.5 Side Corner - 6.5
(8) Signs (refer to Chapter 27.22)
RA-2 Residential Apartment/Office - 25
CHAPTER 27.10 RA-2 RESIDENTIAL APARTMENT/OFFICE
Sections: 27.10.010: Intent. A district to provide areas for residential development including multi-family housing and compatible non-residential uses of high land use intensity.
This district would typically serve as a buffer zone between other commercial
districts and adjacent residential areas. The location of this district depends on proximity to major streets, arterials, and business districts. This district shall be located within or adjacent to business corridors, shopping islands or the Central Business District. This zoning district would typically be found in areas
designated as urban mixed use, high density residential and commercial on the
Kalispell Land Use Plan Future Land Use Map. 27.10.020: Permitted Uses.
(1) Barber and beauty services
(2) Catering establishments (3) Church (4) Day care - home (12 or fewer) (5) Dwelling - single family
- duplex
- townhouse (2 attached units) - townhouse (3 or more attached units) - multi-family - accessory dwelling unit
(6) Fairgrounds (public)
(7) Funeral homes and crematoriums (8) Group home – 8 or fewer persons (8) Home occupations (refer to Section 27.20.060) (9) Jail Facilities (public)
(10) Laundromats or dry cleaners
(11) Office - professional/governmental (12) Parks (13) Police and fire stations (14) Safe houses
(15) Schools – K-12 (public)
- post secondary (public) 27.10.030: Uses Which May Be Permitted By Conditional Use Permit.
(1) Bed and breakfast
(2) Banks and financial institutions (3) Community center (4) Day care - center (13 or more)
RA-2 Residential Apartment/Office - 26
(6) Golf courses (7) Group home
- 9 or more persons
(8) Homeless Shelters (9) Libraries, museums, and similar cultural facilities (Administrative CUP) (10) Office – medical with limited overnight stay
(11) Residential care home or facility
(12) Schools - K-12 (private) - post secondary (private) - commercial (13) Utilities (primary distribution site)
27.10.040: Property Development Standards. (1) Minimum Lot Area (sq ft): 4,500+ 1,100 for each additional unit beyond duplex.
(2) Minimum Lot Width (ft): 45
(3) Minimum Setbacks (ft): Front Yard - 15 Side Yard - 5 Rear Yard - 10
Side Corner - 15
Attached Garage (Front/Side Corner) - 20 Accessory Structures – See Section 27.20.020 (4) Maximum Building Height (ft): 45 (5) Permitted Lot Coverage (%): 50
(6) Off-Street Parking (refer to Chapter 27.24)
(7) Fences (refer to Section 27.20.040) Maximum Heights (ft): Front - 4 Side - 6.5
Rear - 6.5
Side Corner - 6.5 (8) Signs (refer to Chapter 27.22) 27.10.050: Consolidation with RA-3 (Residential Apartment/Office).
Under the July 2010, adopted version of the zoning ordinance, the RA-2 (High Density Residential Apartment) and the RA-3 (Residential Apartment/Office) zones were consolidated.
H-1 Health Care - 27
CHAPTER 27.11 H-1 HEALTH CARE
Sections: 27.11.010: Intent. A zoning district intended to provide hospitals and medical facilities and supportive services for the care of the sick, elderly, and distraught. This
zone is not intended to serve the general retail or overnight accommodation
needs of the general public. This zoning district would typically be found in areas designated as urban mixed use on the Kalispell Land Use Plan Future Land Use Map.
27.11.020: Permitted Uses.
(1) Aircraft hangers (2) Automobile parking - surface (3) Barber and beauty services
(4) Church
(5) Day care – home (12 or fewer) (6) Dwelling - single family - duplex - townhouse (2 attached units)
- townhouse (3 or more attached units)
- multi-family - accessory dwelling unit (7) Fairgrounds (public) (8) Funeral homes and crematoriums
(9) Group home – 8 or fewer persons
(9) Home occupations (refer to Section 27.20.060) (10) Jail Facilities (public) (11) Laboratories, tech research, development, and testing (12) Office - professional/governmental
- medical with limited overnight stay
(13) Parks (14) Police and fire stations (15) Restaurants (16) Retail, limited:
-bookstores
-florist -medical supplies and equipment -opticians -pharmacy
-similar uses
(17) Safe houses (18) Schools – K-12 (public) - post secondary (public)
H-1 Health Care - 28
27.11.030: Uses Which May Be Permitted By Conditional Use Permit.
(1) Airports and heliports (2) Athletic club (3) Auto parking - structure (4) Bed and breakfast
(5) Campground/RV parks
(6) Community center (7) Day care - center (13 or more) (Administrative CUP) (9) Group home - 9 or more persons
(10) Homeless shelters
(11) Hospital (including treatment centers and 24-hour care facilities) (12) Residential care home or facility (13) Schools - K-12 (private) - post secondary (private)
- commercial
(14) Utilities (primary distribution site) 27.11.040: Property Development Standards.
(1) Minimum Lot Area (sq ft): 5,250+ 1,100for each additional unit
beyond a duplex. (2) Minimum Lot Width (ft): 50 (3) Minimum Setbacks (ft): Front Yard - 15
Side Yard - 5
Rear Yard - 10 Side Corner - 15 Attached Garage (Front/Side Corner) - 20 Accessory Structures – See Section 27.20.020
(4) Maximum Building Height (ft) - 60 (unlimited with Conditional Use
Permit) (5) Permitted Lot Coverage (%): 45 (6) Off-Street Parking (refer to Chapter 27.24) (7) Fences (refer to Section 27.20.040)
Maximum Heights (ft):
Front - 4 Side - 6.5 Rear - 6.5 Side corner - 6.5
(8) Signs (refer to Chapter 27.22)
B-1 Neighborhood Business - 29
CHAPTER 27.12 B-1 NEIGHBORHOOD BUSINESS
Sections: 27.12.010: Intent. A business district intended to provide certain commercial and professional office uses where such uses are compatible with the adjacent
residential areas. This district would typically serve as a buffer between
residential areas and other commercial districts. Development scale and pedestrian orientation are important elements of this district. This district is also intended to provide goods and services at a neighborhood level. The district is not intended for those businesses that require the outdoor display, sale
and/or storage of merchandise, outdoor services, or operations to accommodate
large-scale commercial operations. This zoning district would typically be found in areas designated as neighborhood commercial or urban mixed use on the Kalispell Land Use PlanFuture Land Use Map.
27.12.020: Permitted Uses.
(1) Bakery (2) Banks and financial institutions (3) Barber and beauty services
(4) Catering establishments
(5) Churches (6) Day care - home (12 or fewer) (7) Dwellings - single family - duplex
- townhouse (2 attached units)
- townhouse (3 or more attached units) - multi-family - accessory dwelling unit (8) Fairgrounds (public)
(9) Funeral homes and crematoriums
(10) Group home- 8 or fewer persons (10) Home occupations (refer to Section 27.20.060) (11) Jail Facilities (public) (12) Laundromats and dry cleaners
(13) Media (newspaper, radio, TV)
(14) Offices - professional/governmental (15) Pack and ship shops (16) Parks (17) Photographic studio
(18) Police and fire stations
(19) Post office (20) Print and copy shops (21) Repair shops (clothing, electronics)
B-1 Neighborhood Business - 30
(22) Restaurants (no outdoor intercom; no larger than 4,000 square feet) (23) Retail, limited -retail enterprises no larger than 4,000 sq ft
-office supply
(24) Safe houses (25) Schools – K-12 (public) - post secondary (public) - commercial
(26) Veterinary clinic - small animals
27.12.030: Uses Which May Be Permitted By Conditional Use Permit. (1) Auto service station
(2) Bars, taverns, and clubs
(3) Bed and breakfast (4) Community center (5) Day care - center (13 or more). (7) Group home
- 9 or more persons
(8) Homeless Shelters (9) Libraries, museums, and similar cultural facilities (10) Microbreweries, wineries, distilleries, and tasting rooms (11) Residential care home or facility
(12) Schools - K-12 (private)
- post secondary (private) (13) Utilities (primary distribution site) 27.12.040 Property Development Standards.
(1) Minimum Lot Area (sq ft): 5,250 (2) Minimum Lot Width (ft): 50 (3) Minimum Setbacks (ft): Front Yard - 15
Side Yard - 5
Rear Yard - 10 Side Corner - 15 Attached Garage (Front/Side Corner) - 20 Accessory Structures – See Section 27.20.020
(4) Maximum Building Height (ft): 60 (unlimited with Conditional Use
Permit) (5) Permitted Lot Coverage (%): 50 (6) Off-Street Parking (refer to Chapter 27.24) (7) Fences (refer to Section 27.20.040)
Maximum Heights (ft):
Front - 4 Side - 6.5 Rear - 6.5
B-1 Neighborhood Business - 31
Side corner - 6.5 (8) Signs (refer to Chapter 27.22)
B-2 General Business - 32
CHAPTER 27.13 B-2 GENERAL BUSINESS
Sections: 27.13.010: Intent. A district which provides for a variety of sales and service establishments to serve both the residents of the area and the traveling public.
This district depends on the proximity to major streets and arterials and should
be located in business corridors or in islands. This zoning district would typically be found in areas designated as commercial and urban mixed use on the Kalispell Land Use Plan Future Land Use Map.
27.13.020: Permitted Uses.
(1) Athletic club (2) Assembly - light (3) Auctions, indoor (4) Auto parking - surface
(5) Auto (RV, boats, motorcycles) sales and/or repair
(6) Auto rental, limo, shuttle (taxi) services (7) Auto service station (8) Bakery (9) Banks and financial institutions
(10) Barber and beauty services
(11) Bed and breakfast (12) Bus station (13) Car wash, auto detailing shop (14) Catering establishments
(15) Church
(16) Community center (17) Day care - home (12 or fewer) - center (13 or more) (18) Dwelling - single family
- duplex
- townhouse (2 attached units) - townhouse (3 or more attached units) - multi-family - accessory dwelling unit
(19) Fairgrounds (public)
(20) Food bank (21) Funeral homes and crematoriums (22) Greenhouses, nursery centers and landscaping materials (23) Group home – 8 or fewer persons
(23) Home occupations (refer to Section 27.20.060)
(24) Hotel, motel (25) HVAC/electrical/plumbing, sales/service
B-2 General Business - 33
(26) Jail Facilities (public) (27) Janitor services
(28) Laboratories, tech research, development, and testing
(29) Laundromats or dry cleaners (30) Libraries, museums, and similar cultural facilities (31) Lumber/building material sales (with outdoor display/storage) (32) Media (newspaper, radio, TV)
(33) Media, towers, and facilities (accessory)
(34) Microbreweries, wineries, distilleries, and tasting rooms (35) Office - professional/governmental - medical (with limited overnight stay) (36) Pack and ship shops
(37) Parks
(38) Photographic studio (39) Police and fire stations (40) Print and copy shops (41) Post office
(42) Recreation area, indoor
(43) Rental service stores and yards (44) Repair shops - appliance - clothing/electronics (45) Restaurants
(46) Retail business
(47) Safe houses (48) Schools - K-12 (public) - post secondary (public) - commercial
(49) Small engine sales, service, and repair
(50) Tattoo parlor (51) Theaters (52) Veterinary clinic - small animals
27.13.030: Uses Which May Be Permitted By Conditional Use Permit.
(1) Assembly halls/stadiums/convention hall facilities (includes public fair grounds, auditoriums, and racetracks) (2) Auto or vehicle body shops
(3) Auto parking - structure
(4) Bars, taverns, and clubs (Administrative CUP) (5) Campground/RV Park (6) Casino-accessory (refer to Section 27.34.040) (7) Contractor’s storage yard
(9) Group home
- 9 or more persons (10) Homeless shelters (11) Kennels, animal shelters (Administrative CUP)
B-2 General Business - 34
(12) Mini storage/recreational vehicle storage (Administrative CUP) (13) Recreation area, outdoor
(14) Residential care home or facility
(15) Shooting/archery - indoor (Administrative CUP) (16) Utilities (primary distribution site)
27.13.040: Property Development Standards.
(1) Minimum Lot Area (sq ft): 5,250 (2) Minimum Lot Width (ft): 50 (3) Minimum Setbacks (ft):
Front Yard - 15
Side Yard - 5 Rear Yard - 10 Side Corner - 15 Attached Garage (Front/Side Corner) - 20
Accessory Structures – See Section 27.20.020
(4) Maximum Building Height (ft): 60 (unlimited with Conditional Use Permit) (5) Permitted Lot Coverage (%): N/A (6) Off-Street Parking (refer to Chapter 27.24)
(7) Fences (refer to Section 27.20.040)
Maximum Heights (ft): Front - 4 Side - 6.5 Rear - 6.5
Side corner - 6.5
(8) Signs (refer to Chapter 27.22)
B-3 – Core Area Business - 35
CHAPTER 27.14A B-3 CORE AREA - BUSINESS
Sections: 27.14A.010: Intent. A district which is intended to provide a variety of both commercial and residential uses. Commercial uses would typically include a mix of retail,
office, restaurant, and other similar uses. This zone is based primarily on the
core area plan adopted by the city for the area along the railroad corridor and is intended to further the goals and policies in that plan.
27.14A.020: Permitted Uses.
(1) Assembly - light
(2) Athletic club (3) Auto parking - structure (4) Auto parking – surface (5) Auto rental, limo, shuttle (taxi) services
(6) Auto service station
(7) Bed and breakfast (8) Bakery (9) Banks and financial institutions (10) Barber and beauty services
(11) Bus station
(12) Car wash, auto detailing shop (13) Catering establishments (14) Church (15) Community center
(16) Day care - home (12 or fewer)
- center (13 or more) (17) Dwellings - single family - duplex - townhouse (2 attached units)
- townhouse (3 or more attached units)
- multi-family - accessory dwelling unit (18) Fairgrounds (public) (19) Film production studios
(20) Food bank
(21) Food processing - light (22) Funeral homes and crematoriums (23) Group home – 8 or fewer persons (23) Home occupations (refer to Section 27.20.060)
(24) Hotel, motel
(25) Jail Facilities (public) (26) Laboratories, tech research, development, and testing
B-3 – Core Area Business - 36
(27) Laundromats or dry cleaners (28) Libraries, museums, and similar cultural facilities
(29) Manufacturing – light (no smoke, fumes, odor, dust)
(30) Media (newspaper, radio, TV) (31) Media, towers, and facilities (accessory) (32) Microbreweries, wineries, distilleries, and tasting rooms (33) Office - professional/governmental
- medical with limited overnight stay
(34) Parks (35) Pack and ship shops (36) Photographic studio (37) Police and fire stations
(38) Post office
(39) Print and copy shops (40) Recreation area, indoor (41) Repair shops (clothing, electronics) (42) Restaurants
(43) Retail business
(44) Schools – K-12 (public) - post secondary (public) - commercial (45) Safe houses
(46) Tattoo parlors
(47) Technology – research, design, engineering and telecommunication facilities (48) Theaters (49) Veterinary clinic - small animals
27.14A.030: Uses Which May Be Permitted By Conditional Use Permit. (1) Assembly halls/stadiums/convention hall facilities (includes public fair grounds, auditoriums, and racetracks)
(2) Auto (RV, boats, motorcycles) sales and/or repair
(3) Bars, taverns, and clubs (Administrative CUP) (4) Casino-accessory (refer to Section 27.34.040) (5) Group home - 9 or more persons
(6) Homeless shelters
(7) HVAC/electrical/plumbing, sales/service (8) Recreation area, outdoor (9) Repair shops (appliance) (10) Residential care home or facility
(11) Shooting/archery (indoor) (Administrative CUP)
(12) Small engine sales, service, and repair (13) Utilities (primary distribution site)
B-3 – Core Area Business - 37
27.14A.040: Property Development Standards.
(1) Minimum Lot Area: N/A (2) Minimum Lot Width (ft): N/A (3) Minimum Yards (ft):
Front Yard - N/A
Side Yard - N/A Side Corner - N/A Rear Yard - N/A Attached Garage (Front/Side Corner) - 20
Accessory Structures – See Section 27.20.020
(4) Maximum Building Height (ft): 60 (unlimited with CUP) (5) Permitted Lot Coverage (%): N/A (6) Off-Street Parking (refer to Chapter 27.24) (7) Fences (see Section 27.22.040)
Maximum Fence Heights (ft):
Front - 4 Side - 6.5 Rear - 6.5 Side corner - 6.5
(8) Signs (refer to Chapter 27.22)
B-4 – Central Business - 38
CHAPTER 27.14B B-4 CENTRAL BUSINESS
Sections: 27.14B.010: Intent. A business district intended to set apart that portion of the city which forms the center for financial, commercial, governmental, professional, and
cultural activities. This district is not intended for general application
throughout the planning area. This zoning district would typically be found in areas designated as commercial on the Kalispell Land Use Plan Future Land Use Map.
27.14B.020: Permitted Uses.
(1) Athletic club (2) Auto parking - surface (3) Bed and breakfast
(4) Bakery
(5) Banks and financial institutions (6) Barber and beauty services (7) Bus station (8) Car wash, auto detailing shop
(9) Catering establishments
(10) Church (11) Community center (12) Day care - home (12 or fewer) - center (13 or more)
(13) Dwellings - single family
- duplex - townhouse (2 attached units) - townhouse (3 or more attached units) - multi-family
- accessory dwelling unit
(14) Fairgrounds (public) (15) Food bank (16) Funeral homes and crematoriums (17) Group home – 8 or fewer persons
(17) Home occupations (refer to Section 27.20.060)
(18) Hotel, motel (19) Jail Facilities (public) (20) Police and fire stations (21) Libraries, museums, and similar cultural facilities
(22) Laundromats or dry cleaners
(23) Media (newspaper, radio, TV) (24) Media, towers, and facilities (accessory) (25) Microbreweries, wineries, distilleries, and tasting rooms
B-4 – Central Business - 39
(26) Office - professional/governmental - medical with limited overnight stay
(27) Parks
(28) Pack and ship shops (29) Photographic studio (30) Post office (31) Print and copy shops
(32) Recreation area, indoor
(33) Repair shops (clothing, electronics) (34) Restaurants (35) Retail business (36) Schools – K-12 (public)
- post secondary (public)
- commercial (37) Safe houses (38) Tattoo parlors (39) Theaters
(40) Veterinary clinic - small animals
27.14B.030: Uses Which May Be Permitted By Conditional Use Permit. (1) Assembly halls/stadiums/convention hall facilities (includes public fair
grounds, auditoriums, and racetracks)
(2) Auto (RV, boat, motorcycle) sales and/or repair (3) Auto parking - structure (4) Auto service station (5) Bars, taverns, and clubs (Administrative CUP)
(6) Casino-accessory (refer to Section 27.34.040)
(8) Group home - 9 or more persons (9) Homeless shelters (10) Residential care home or facility
(11) Utilities (primary distribution site)
27.14B.040: Property Development Standards. (1) Minimum Lot Area: N/A
(2) Minimum Lot Width (ft): N/A
(3) Minimum Yards (ft): Front Yard - N/A Side Yard - N/A Side Corner - N/A
Rear Yard - N/A
Attached Garage (Front/Side Corner) - 20 Accessory Structures – See Section 27.20.020
B-4 – Central Business - 40
(4) Maximum Building Height (ft): 60 (unlimited with Conditional Use Permit)
(5) Permitted Lot Coverage (%): N/A
(6) Off-Street Parking (refer to Chapter 27.24) (7) Fences (see Section 27.22.040) Maximum Fence Heights (ft): Front - 4
Side - 6.5
Rear - 6.5 Side corner - 6.5 (8) Signs (refer to Chapter 27.22)
B-5 Industrial Business - 41
CHAPTER 27.15 B-5 INDUSTRIAL-BUSINESS
Sections: 27.15.010: Intent. A zoning district intended primarily to accommodate a variety of business, warehouse, and light-industrial uses and incorporating these uses into
an integrated design for compatibility. Compatibility issues may be addressed
through development of an industrial-commercial park development or through a planned unit development (PUD) overlay zoning district. Such uses would typically not create objectionable characteristics (such as dirt, noise, glare, heat, odor, smoke, etc.) which extend beyond lot lines. This district should be located
near major arterials or rail services. This zoning district would typically be
found in areas designated as industrial or urban mixed use on the Kalispell Land Use Plan Future Land Use Map. 27.15.020: Permitted Uses.
(1) Art foundry, metal sculpture, molding and casting (2) Assembly - light (3) Athletic club (4) Auctions, indoor
(5) Auto parking - surface
(6) Auto (RV, boats, motorcycles) sales and/or repair (7) Auto rental, limo, shuttle (taxi) services (8) Auto or vehicle body shops (9) Auto service station
(10) Bakery
(11) Banks and financial institutions (12) Bars, taverns and clubs (13) Barber and beauty services (14) Bus station
(15) Car wash, auto detailing shop
(16) Catering establishments (17) Church (18) Contractor's storage yards (19) Community center
(20) Fairgrounds (public)
(21) Farm machinery assembly, repair, and sales (22) Fertilizer, bulk sales (23) Film production studios (24) Food bank
(25) Food processing - light
(26) Funeral homes and crematoriums (27) Glazier (28) Greenhouse, nursery centers and landscaping materials
B-5 Industrial Business - 42
(29) Heavy equipment, sales, and service (30) Hotel, motel
(31) HVAC/electrical/plumbing, sales/service
(32) Jail Facilities (public) (33) Janitor services (34) Laboratories, tech research, development, and testing (35) Laundromats or dry cleaners
(36) Laundries/dry cleaning plants
(37) Libraries, museums, and similar cultural facilities (38) Lumber/building material sales (with outdoor display/storage) (39) Manufacturing – light (no smoke, fumes, odor, dust) (40) Media (newspaper, radio, TV)
(41) Media, towers, and facilities (accessory)
(42) Microbreweries, wineries, distilleries, and tasting rooms (43) Monument manufacture and sale (44) Office - professional/governmental - medical with limited overnight stay
(45) Pack and ship shops
(46) Print and copy shops (47) Parks (48) Photographic studios (49) Police and fire stations
(50) Post office
(51) Recreation area, indoor (52) Rental service stores and yards (53) Repair shops - appliance - clothing/electronics
(54) Restaurants
(55) Retail business (56) Safe houses (57) Schools – K-12 (public) - post secondary (public)
- commercial
(58) Shooting/archery - indoor (59) Small engine sales, service and repair (60) Tattoo parlors (61) Taxidermy facilities
(62) Technology – research, design, engineering, and telecommunication
facilities (63) Truck and trailer rental (64) Truck terminal (65) Theaters
(66) Veterinary clinic - small animals
- large animals (67) Warehousing and distribution (68) Woodworking shops, mill work
B-5 Industrial Business - 43
27.15.030: Uses Which May Be Permitted By Conditional Use Permit.
(1) Assembly halls/stadiums/convention hall facilities (includes public fair
grounds, auditoriums, and racetracks) (2) Casino (refer to Section 27.34.040) (2) Casino-accessory (refer to Section 27.34.040) (3) Feed/seed/ processing/cleaning
(4) Fuel oil/gas/petroleum products, bulk storage/sale
(5) Grain elevators (6) Homeless shelters (7) Kennels, animal shelters (Administrative CUP) (8) Mini storage/recreational vehicle storage (Administrative CUP)
(9) Pre-release centers and private jail facilities
(10) Recreation area, outdoor (11) Recycling center (12) Shooting/archery ranges – outdoor (archery only) (13) Telecommunication towers, cellular communication towers (including
radio, TV, internet, phone and cable providers)
(14) Utility storage yards and associated offices (15) Utilities (primary distribution site) 27.15.040: Property Development Standards.
(1) Minimum Lot Area (sq ft): 5,250 (2) Minimum Lot Width (ft): 50 (3) Minimum Setbacks (ft): Front Yard - 20
Side Yard - 5
Rear Yard - 10 Side Corner - 15 Attached Garage (Front/Side Corner) - 20 Accessory Structures – See Section 27.20.020
(4) Maximum Building Height (ft): 60 (unlimited with Conditional Use
Permit) (5) Permitted Lot Coverage (%): N/A (6) Off-Street Parking (refer to Chapter 27.24) (7) Fences (refer to Section 27.20.040)
Maximum Heights (ft):
Front - 4 Side - 6.5 Rear - 6.5 Side corner - 6.5
(8) Signs (refer to Chapter 27.22)
I-1 Light Industrial - 44
CHAPTER 27.16 I-1 LIGHT INDUSTRIAL
Sections: 27.16.010: Intent. An industrial district intended to provide areas for light industrial, research and technology. The uses would typically not create objectionable
characteristics (such as dirt, noise, glare, heat, odor, smoke, etc.), which extend
beyond the lot lines. This zoning district would typically be restricted to areas designated as industrial on the Kalispell Land Use Plan Future Land Use Map. 27.16.020: Permitted Uses.
(1) Auctions, indoor (2) Aircraft Hangers (3) Aircraft maintenance/repair (4) Art foundry, metal sculpture, molding and casting
(5) Assembly - light
(6) Auto (RV, boats, motorcycles) sales and/or repair (7) Auto parking - surface (8) Auto or vehicle body shops (9) Auto service station
(10) Auto rental, limo, shuttle (taxi) services
(11) Bakery (12) Bus station (13) Car wash, auto detailing shop (14) Catering establishments
(15) Contractor's storage yards
(16) Fairgrounds (public) (17) Farm machinery assembly, repair, and sales (18) Feed/seed/processing/cleaning (19) Fertilizer, bulk sales
(20) Film production studios
(21) Food bank (22) Food processing - light (23) Greenhouses, nursery centers, landscaping materials (24) Glazier
(25) Heavy equipment sales and service
(26) HVAC/electrical/plumbing, sales/service (27) Jail Facilities (public) (28) Janitor services (29) Laboratories, tech research, development, and testing
(30) Laundromats or dry cleaners
(31) Laundries/dry cleaning plants (32) Lumber/building material sales with outdoor display/storage (33) Manufactured home sales lot
I-1 Light Industrial - 45
(34) Manufacturing – light (no smoke, fumes, odor, dust) (35) Media (newspaper, radio, TV)
(36) Media, towers, and facilities (accessory)
(37) Microbreweries, wineries, distilleries, and tasting rooms (38) Monument manufacture and sales (39) Office – professional/governmental (40) Pack and ship shops
(41) Parks
(42) Print and copy shops (43) Police and fire stations (44) Recreation area, indoor (45) Rental service stores and yards
(46) Repair shops - appliance
- clothing/electronics (47) Recycling center (48) Retail, limited (showrooms only) (49) Safe houses
(50) Schools – K-12 (public)
- post secondary (public) - commercial (51) Shooting/archery - indoor (52) Small engine sales, service, and repair
(53) Taxidermy facilities
(54) Technology – research, design, engineering, and telecommunication facilities (55) Truck and trailer rental (56) Truck terminal
(57) Utility storage yards and associated offices
(58) Veterinary clinic - large animal - small animal (59) Warehousing and distribution (60) Woodworking shops, mill work
27.16.030: Uses Which May Be Permitted By Conditional Use Permit. (1) Assembly halls/stadiums/convention hall facilities (includes public fair grounds, auditoriums, and racetracks)
(2) Auction yards, livestock
(3) Auto wrecking/salvage yards (4) Energy production (5) Forest products and manufacturing (6) Fuel oil/gas/petroleum products, bulk storage/sale
(7) Grain elevators
(8) Kennels, animal shelters (Administrative CUP) (9) Marijuana cultivation (Administrative CUP) (10) Marijuana dispensaries (Administrative CUP)
I-1 Light Industrial - 46
(11) Marijuana manufacturing (Administrative CUP) (12) Mini storage/recreational vehicle storage (Administrative CUP)
(13) Pre-release centers and private jail facilities
(14) Recreation area, outdoor (15) Scrap processing yard (recycle/metal yard) (16) Shooting/archery – outdoor (archery only) (17) Sexually oriented business
(18) Telecommunication towers and cellular communication towers
(including radio, TV, internet, phone, and cable providers) (19) Utilities (primary distribution site) 27.16.040: Property Development Standards.
(1) Minimum Lot Area (ft): 5,250 (2) Minimum Lot Width (ft): 50 (3) Minimum Setbacks (ft): Front Yard - 20
Side Yard - 10
Rear Yard - 10 Side Corner - 20 Accessory Structures - See Section 27.20.020 (4) Maximum Building Height (ft): 60 (unlimited with Conditional Use
Permit)
(5) Permitted Lot Coverage (%): N/A (6) Off-Street Parking (refer to Chapter 27.24) (7) Fences (refer to Section 27.20.040) Maximum Heights (ft):
Front - 4
Side - 8* Rear - 8* Side corner - 8* *Option to increase side, rear and side corner fence heights by
2 feet with barbed wire
(8) Signs (refer to Chapter 27.22)
I-2 Heavy Industrial - 47
CHAPTER 27.17 I-2 HEAVY INDUSTRIAL
Sections: 27.17.010: Intent. An industrial district intended to provide areas for heavy industrial uses to accommodate heavy manufacturing, processing, fabrication and assembling
of products or materials. It is also intended that the encroachment of non-
industrial uses within the district be prevented. This zoning district would typically be restricted to areas designated as industrial on the Kalispell Land Use Plan Future Land Use Map.
27.17.020: Permitted Uses.
(1) Auctions, indoor (2) Auto (RV, boats, motorcycles) sales and/or repair (3) Auto rental, limo, shuttle (taxi) services
(4) Auto or vehicle body shops
(5) Auto parking - surface (6) Aircraft maintenance/repair (7) Art foundry, metal sculpture, molding and casting (8) Assembly - heavy
- light
(9) Auto service station (10) Bakery (11) Bus station (12) Car wash, auto detailing shop
(13) Catering establishments
(14) Contractor's storage yards (15) Energy production (16) Fairgrounds (public) (17) Farm machinery assembly, repair, and sales
(18) Feed/seed/processing/cleaning
(19) Fertilizer, bulk sales (20) Food processing - heavy - light (21) Forest products and manufacturing
(22) Foundry and metal fabrication plants
(23) Glazier (24) Heavy equipment sales/service (25) HVAC/electrical/plumbing, sales/service (26) Jail Facilities (public)
(27) Janitor services
(28) Laboratories, tech research, development, and testing (29) Laundromats or dry cleaners (30) Laundries and dry-cleaning plants
I-2 Heavy Industrial - 48
(31) Manufacturing - light (no smoke, fumes, odor, dust) (32) Monument manufacture and sales
(33) Microbreweries, wineries, distilleries, and tasting rooms
(34) Office - professional/governmental (35) Pack and ship shops (36) Police and fire stations (37) Print and copy shops
(38) Rail Industrial Park
(39) Recycling center (40) Rental service stores and yards (41) Repair shops - appliance (42) Retail, limited (showrooms only)
(43) Parks
(44) Safe houses (45) Schools – K-12 (public) - post secondary (public) - commercial
(46) Shooting/archery - indoor
(47) Small engine sales, service, and repair (48) Taxidermy facilities (49) Truck terminal (50) Truck and trailer rental
(51) Utility storage yards and associated offices
(52) Veterinary clinic - large animals - small animals (53) Warehousing and distribution (54) Woodworking shops, mill work
27.17.030: Uses Which May Be Permitted By Conditional Use Permit. (1) Asphalt batch plants (2) Assembly halls/stadiums/convention hall facilities (includes public fair
grounds, auditoriums, and racetracks)
(3) Auction yards, livestock (4) Auto wrecking/salvage yards (5) Extractive industries (6) Fuel oil/gas/petroleum products, bulk storage/sale
(7) Grain elevators
(8) Kennels, animal shelters (Administrative CUP) (9) Landfills (10) Manufacturing - heavy (11) Marijuana cultivation (Administrative CUP)
(12) Marijuana dispensaries (Administrative CUP)
(13) Marijuana manufacturing (Administrative CUP) (14) Mini storage/recreational vehicle storage (Administrative CUP) (15) Pre-release centers and private jail facilities
I-2 Heavy Industrial - 49
(16) Recreation area, outdoor (17) Scrap processing yard (recycle/metal yard)
(18) Sexually oriented business
(19) Shooting/archery ranges - outdoor (archery only) (20) Telecommunication towers and cellular communication towers (including radio, TV, internet, phone, and cable providers) (21) Utilities (primary distribution site)
27.17.040: Property Development Standards. (1) Minimum Lot Area (sq ft): 5,250 (2) Minimum Lot Width (ft): 50
(3) Minimum Setbacks (ft):
Front Yard - 40 Side Yard - 20 Rear Yard - 40 Side Corner - 40
Accessory Structures - See Section 27.20.020
(4) Maximum Building Height (ft): 60 (unlimited with Conditional Use Permit) (5) Permitted Lot Coverage (%): N/A (6) Off-Street Parking (refer to Chapter 27.24)
(7) Fences (refer to Section 27.20.040)
Maximum Heights (ft): Front - 4 Side - 8* Rear - 8*
Side Corner - 8*
*Option to increase side, rear and side corner fence heights by 2 feet with barbed wire (8) Signs (refer to Chapter 27.22)
P-1 Public - 50
CHAPTER 27.18 P-1 PUBLIC
Sections: 27.18.010: Intent. A public district intended to provide and reserve areas for public uses in order to preserve and provide adequate land for a variety of community facilities which serve the
public health, safety and general welfare. Such public uses would include schools, public
buildings, parks, airports, jails, utilities, etc. This zoning district would typically be found in the public land use designation as shown on the Kalispell Land Use Plan Future Land Use Map but can be applied to any land use designation.
27.18.020: Permitted Uses.
(1) Aircraft hangers (2) Auto parking - surface - structure
(3) Bus station
(4) Community center (5) Fairgrounds (public) (6) Food bank (7) Jail Facilities (public)
(8) Libraries, museums, and similar cultural facilities
(9) Office – professional/governmental (10) Parks (11) Police and fire stations (12) Post office
(13) Safe houses
(14) Schools – K-12 (public) - post secondary (public) - commercial
27.18.030: Uses Which May Be Permitted By Conditional Use Permit.
(1) Aircraft maintenance/repair (2) Airports and heliports (3) Assembly halls/stadiums/convention hall facilities (includes public fair grounds,
auditoriums, and racetracks)
(4) Cemeteries, mausoleums and columbariums (5) Energy production (6) Golf courses (7) Homeless shelters
(8) Hospital (including treatment centers and 24-hour care facilities)
(9) Landfill (10) Monument manufacture and sale (11) Pre-release center and private jail facilities
P-1 Public - 51
(12) Recreation area, outdoor (13) Schools - K-12 (private)
- post-secondary (private)
(14) Telecommunication towers and cellular communication towers (including radio, TV, internet, phone, and cable providers) (15) Utilities (primary distribution site) (16) Utility storage yards and associated offices
27.18.040: Property Development Standards. (1) Minimum Lot Area (sq ft): 5,250 (2) Minimum Lot Width (ft): 50
(3) Minimum Setbacks (ft):
Front Yard - 15 Side Yard - 5 Side Corner - 10 Rear Yard - 15
Attached Garage (Front/Side Corner) - 20
Accessory Structures – See Section 27.20.020 (4) Maximum Building Height (ft): 60 (unlimited with Conditional Use Permit) (5) Permitted Lot Coverage (%): 45 (6) Off-Street Parking (refer to Chapter 27.24)
(7) Fences (refer to Section 27.20.040)
Maximum Heights (ft): Front - 4 Side - 6.5 Rear - 6.5
Side corner - 6.5
(8) Signs (refer to Chapter 27.22)
Planned Unit Development District (PUD) - 52
CHAPTER 27.19 PLANNED UNIT DEVELOPMENT DISTRICT (PUD)
Sections: 27.19.010: Intent. A planned unit development district shall serve as an overlay zoning district.
It shall function in concert with one or more of the underlying zones to provide a
comprehensive, integrated development plan which will serve to modify the underlying zone and, where appropriate, subdivision standards with the intent of providing flexibility of architectural design and density as well as providing the option to mix land uses and densities while preserving and enhancing the integrity
and environmental values of an area.
27.19.020: General. The following application and review procedures shall apply to designation and approval of all planned unit developments in the city.
(1) Initiation of Application: The landowner(s) or designee(s) shall schedule
a pre-application meeting with the planning department prior to official submission of a PUD application. The PUD application shall be submitted on a form provided by the city. Where multiple owners of the property or properties exist, all owners shall either sign the application or submit a letter
of consent authorizing submission of the PUD application. (2) PUD Application Thresholds: It is anticipated that PUD applications will be submitted in one of two forms, a PUD full application meeting all the requirements of this section and a PUD Placeholder application which
serves as a place marker for a future PUD application. Within any PUD
application it is possible to incorporate one or both of the categories listed below: (a) PUD Full Application – This application will be processed in
accordance with the full provision of this chapter and will require
the submission of all application materials required in Section (3) PUD Application Materials below. (b) PUD Placeholder Application – This submittal typically is
involved with annexation and initial zoning or a rezoning in which
the applicant requests a PUD designation noting the applicant’s intent to develop a PUD and enter into a development agreement with the city, binding the property to a future PUD application but not providing any application materials or development plan nor
receiving any entitlements other than a commitment between the city and the applicant that when development is to proceed it will be done via the PUD process. 1. Prior to the use or development of any property within the PUD
Placeholder beyond the specifically listed uses and activities within this section, the applicant shall submit an application for
Planned Unit Development District (PUD) - 53
and proceed with the full PUD application process as outlined in
subsection 3 below. 2. Interim use in a PUD Placeholder prior to development of the full PUD is allowed based on the criteria below:
a. All proposed uses and activities of the land and existing
structures must comply with the underlying zone. b. An administrative conditional use permit would be required to document and approve the interim use or activity.
c. Only the following activities are allowed: 1. Remodeling/repair/removal of existing structures or buildings;
2. Parking of vehicles and equipment for storage as long as
the purpose is not meant for display from a public right-of-way; 3. Fencing and lighting; and 4. Earth work, site leveling and drainage work.
d. The following new uses and activities are not allowed without the full PUD application process: 1. Freestanding signs;
2. Additional access points onto a public road system;
3. Expansion of existing structures by more than 10%; and 4. New structures or building development beyond what is otherwise specifically allowed under this section.
e. Interim use of the property as described above does not
relieve the owner from compliance with overall PUD requirements at the time additional development beyond the scope of interim development occurs.
(3) PUD Application Materials. The full PUD application submittal shall
contain the following information in the form of an overall PUD development plan and supporting text: (a) A listing of each deviation or class of deviation from the underlying
zoning district and a justification of the appropriateness for the
deviation; (b) A listing of each deviation or class of deviation from the city subdivision regulations design standards and a justification of the
appropriateness for the deviation;
(c) An existing topo map showing existing building and features and a proposed topo map showing proposed topography using one-to-
Planned Unit Development District (PUD) - 54
five-foot intervals drawn to a scale not less than one inch equals 200
feet showing all proposed streets, lots, buildings, open space, wetlands, floodplain, environmental hazards, storm water facilities and other elements basic to the development;
(d) Proposed locations, areas, densities and types of residential and
nonresidential uses and structures within the area proposed to be developed and maximum height of buildings or structure; (e) Proposed plans for handling:
1. Vehicular traffic; 2. Pedestrian traffic routes & trails including safe routes to school; 3. Sewage disposal; conceptual storm water drainage and water
supply;
4. Parks and open space; 5. Parking; 6. Prominent landscaping, buffering, site perimeter and entrance treatment features;
7. Club houses, sales offices;
8. Retaining wall work in excess of 3 feet in height; 9. Common fencing designs and locations where proposed; 10. Commercial, directional and entrance signage; 11. Street lighting and parking lot lighting where applicable;
12. Any other pertinent site development features.
(f) Elevation drawings which demonstrate visually the general architectural features of each proposed building or architecturally distinct group or type of buildings and the site perimeter treatment.
Note – This may be waived by the Zoning Administrator on a case
specific situation for uses listed below which may include but are not limited to: 1. Single family detached housing when the lots equal or
exceed the minimum lot size of the underlying zone; and
2. Two-unit townhouse or duplex development which is alley loaded and the lots equal or exceed the minimum lot size of the underlying zone.
(g) The PUD plan shall show the boundary lines of adjacent subdivided
or un-subdivided land and the existing zoning of the area proposed for the PUD overlay; (h) A timeline expressing the order in which the development shall
occur and estimated time for completing key components or phases;
(i) Adequate provision for a homeowner’s association or other public or private management organization to provide for the operation and
Planned Unit Development District (PUD) - 55
maintenance of all private (non-governmental) common facilities
including any private streets or alley ways, homeowners’ parks, club houses, sales offices, open space, trails, recreational facilities and amenities, shared parking facilities, private lighting systems, subdivision entrance signage and common mail receptacles;
(j) Adequate provisions shall be made for maintenance of all public common facilities (e.g. a trail or park) which are developed on public land, but intended to be maintained by a private organization or homeowners association;
(k) Where a PUD also involves a subdivision of land, it shall also meet the application requirements of the Kalispell Subdivision Regulations and the Montana Land Use Planning Act at the time the preliminary plat is submitted;
(l) For multi-phase projects to be developed over a long period of time or where project components are proposed which may not be built for many years;
1. The first phase of development must comply with the full
application process outlined above. 2. Each phase of a multi-phase PUD must be able to be free standing.
3. Each phase of a PUD shall not exceed the density provisions of the underlying zone as limited by the PUD. Where a phase is proposed that complies with the overall PUD plan but the actual density of the particular phase may exceed the average
density allowed by the underlying zone and PUD agreement,
the applicant shall either provide the necessary corresponding open space or park facilities or suitably bond for them for development in a latter phase.
4. Future phase or major development components may show
conceptual street designs, proposed park and open space areas, trail concepts, proposed residential density, housing types (single family, townhouse, apartment, etc.) and commercial areas versus detailed lot, block, street, and park
development and building designs. Based on a finding and
associated conditions placed on the PUD at time of approval, the applicant may be required to provide more specific information prior to development of succeeding phases based on one of the following processes: (Note: The
planning staff, Planning Commission or council, at their
discretion, may also request additional or more complete information relative to the future phases or components prior to recommending or granting initial PUD approval).
Planned Unit Development District (PUD) - 56
a. A finding that the outstanding items are significant and therefore future phases or components should follow the full PUD application process;
b. A finding that the outstanding items are generally
minor and therefore future phases or components should be reviewed under the conditional use permit process; or
c. A finding that the outstanding issues are
insignificant and therefore future phases or components should be subject to administrative review by the Kalispell Site Review Committee; or
d. A combination of the above provisions.
(m) Any other information plans and details which the city staff, Planning Commission and/or City Council may request to fully evaluate the development proposal and its impacts.
(4) Review of Application: Upon submission of the application the Planning Commission shall review such application based on the following: (a) The compliance of the proposed PUD with the city land use plan
and in particular the density and use policies of the plan;
(b) The extent to which the PUD departs from the underlying zoning and the reasons why such departures are or are not deemed to be in the public interest, and the mitigating conditions that the PUD
provides to address the deviations;
(c) The extent to which the PUD departs from the subdivision regulations (if subdivision is anticipated) and the public works standards for design and construction applicable to the subject
property, the reasons why such departures are deemed to be in the
public interest, and the mitigating conditions that the PUD provides to address the deviations; (d) The overall internal integrity of the PUD including the appropriate
use of internal design elements, the use of buffers between different
land uses, the use of transitions between uses of greater and lesser intensity, the use of enhanced design features to provide connectedness for both vehicle and pedestrian traffic throughout the PUD and the use of innovative and traditional design to foster more
livable neighborhoods;
(e) The nature and extent of the public parks and common open space in the PUD, the reliability of the proposal for maintenance and
Planned Unit Development District (PUD) - 57
conservation of these areas and the adequacy or inadequacy of the
amount and function of the parks and open space in terms of the land use, densities and dwelling types proposed in the PUD; (f) The manner in which the PUD plan makes adequate provision for
public services, provides adequate control over vehicular traffic and
furthers the amenities of recreation and visual enjoyment; (g) The relationship, beneficial or adverse, of the PUD plan upon the neighborhood in which it is proposed to be established in concert
with the underlying zone;
(h) In the case of a plan which proposes development over a period of years, the sufficiency of the terms and conditions proposed to protect and maintain the integrity of the PUD; and
(i) Conformity with all applicable provisions of this chapter. (5) Action by the Planning Commission.
(a) The Planning Commission shall hold at least one work session on a proposed PUD plan prior to any public hearing. The work session is intended for information purposes only to inform both the public and the commission about the various aspects of the project. It is not
intended to be a public hearing and the commission shall take no
formal action on the application. As a courtesy, all adjoining property owners shall be invited to at least one work session. This invitation may be included within the formal public hearing notice, or it may be sent separately.
(b) The Planning Commission shall hold a public hearing on the application pursuant to Section 27.28.030. The Planning Commission shall submit its recommendations to the City Council. The Planning Commission may recommend approval in whole or in
part, may recommend modification and can impose conditions
which will clarify facets of the PUD, implement city standards, regulations, or policy, or serve to mitigate potential negative impacts, or the commission may recommend disapproval.
(6) Action by the City Council. The City Council shall consider the
recommendation of the Planning Commission and may affirm, modify, or deny the PUD. If the PUD is approved, the applicant shall submit a final PUD in accordance with the conditions of approval as adopted by City Council. When the City Council approves the PUD, the area of land
involved shall be re-designated as a PUD district by ordinance which shall
incorporate the final PUD including any conditions or restrictions that may be imposed by the City Council and shall constitute the zoning for the district.
Planned Unit Development District (PUD) - 58
(7) Preparation and Filing of Final PUD. Upon approval of the preliminary PUD by the City Council, the property owner(s) shall proceed with the preparation of the final PUD plan:
(a) The final PUD plan shall incorporate all the conditions imposed by
the City Council at the time of approval of the preliminary plan; (b) The applicant shall submit three signed copies of the PUD, final plan and related documents to the planning department. Upon approval
by the Zoning Administrator, one signed copy of the plan shall be
returned to the applicant, a signed copy shall be retained on file in the city clerk’s office and one signed copy shall be kept on file with the planning department;
(c) Upon receipt of the final PUD plan and related documents by the
planning department, the city attorney shall prepare a PUD agreement between the city and the developer(s) binding the developer, his successors, heirs and assigns to the terms and conditions of the PUD;
(d) The final PUD shall be submitted to the planning department in a timely fashion following approval by the City Council but in no case shall a final plat or building permit be issued until the final PUD plan has been submitted and approved and the PUD agreement has
been executed;
(e) Where there is a question concerning compliance with a condition of the PUD, by either the applicant or planning staff, the issue will be forwarded to the next available Kalispell Site Review Committee
meeting. If the issue cannot be satisfactorily resolved it shall be
forwarded to City Council; and (f) Prior to the approval of a final plat or where a subdivision is not involved prior to issuance of a certificate of occupancy or
commencement of a use approved by a PUD, when specific aspects
of the PUD are not yet completed that are pertinent to the phase or use, the City Council shall require bonding or any other appropriate collateral to ensure that all required public improvements or conditions of approval specifically required to be in place prior to
final plat, occupancy or commencement of use as appropriate shall
be satisfactorily completed in accordance to the approved plans, specifications and time schedule. (8) Limitation on Rezoning. The Planning Commission shall not initiate any
amendment to the PUD before the completion of the development as long
as development is in conformity with the approved detailed PUD and proceeding in accordance with the time requirements imposed therein by the completion schedule.
Planned Unit Development District (PUD) - 59
(9) Amending an Approved Final PUD. (a) Once approved, a PUD may be amended by the developer(s). Proposed amendments shall be submitted to the Kalispell Site
Review Committee. The committee shall make one of the following
findings: 1. The change(s) is deemed minor in scope and may be granted or denied with or without conditions by the Kalispell Site
Review Committee; or
2. The change(s) is deemed major, in which case the amendment(s) is forwarded to the City Council for consideration and final action.
Note: Any action of the Kalispell Site Review Committee is appealable to the City Council. (b) Individual property owners within the PUD may bring forth
amendments, which shall be processed as an amendment to the
official zoning map in accordance with Chapter 27.29. (10) Abandonment or Expiration.
The Zoning Administrator shall monitor the PUD for compliance with the
completion schedule set forth in the approved development plan and to assure that all improvements have been made in accordance with the approved development plan. The following procedures are to be following when the PUD fails to comply with the completion schedule:
(a) PUD’s or portions thereof which do not involve or require a subdivision: 1. If a PUD project falls out of compliance with its approved
completion schedule, notice of noncompliance with the
completion schedule shall be delivered in writing to the landowner and/or developer; 2. No later than 30 days after the notice of noncompliance is
delivered the landowner and/or developer may request from
the City Council an extension of time. Said request shall set forth a proposed completion schedule and/or new timetable for installation of the improvements. The City Council may grant one or more extension(s) but each extension is a matter
of grace which, if approved, may be subject to additional
conditions imposed by the City Council which may be deemed necessary to address issues that have arisen due to the lapse in time;
Planned Unit Development District (PUD) - 60
3. Abandonment shall be deemed by the City Council to have occurred when the landowner/developer is deemed to be out of compliance with the approved completion schedule and has failed to secure an extension as provided for in (2) above;
4. Upon the abandonment of a development authorized under this section the City Council shall direct the Zoning Administrator to do the following;
a. If a portion of the PUD site was developed in
accordance with the PUD, the PUD shall stay in force for that portion already developed; and b. For that portion of the PUD which was not developed
under the terms of the PUD, the provisions of the
PUD shall lapse, and the site shall revert back to a PUD Placeholder designation as provided for in Section 27.19.020(2)(b).
(b) PUD’s which are implemented by or subject to a subdivision
application the developer has the option to request the PUD approval coincide with the preliminary plat approval and any phasing thereof or the PUD approval may exceed the time frame approvals of the underlying preliminary plat. In this case the developer shall provide
reasons the PUD approval should extend beyond any preliminary
plat approvals for the Planning Commission and City Council to consider: 1. If the PUD approval coincides with the underlying
preliminary plat and the preliminary plat lapses, the PUD
conditions of approval for that area shall lapse. a. In such case the city shall notify the property owner of the lapse of the preliminary plat and associated
PUD conditions of approval;
b. The Zoning Administrator shall modify the PUD designation on the official zoning maintaining the underlying zoning classification but classifying the property as a PUD Placeholder as provided for in
Section 27.19.020(2)(b).
2. If the PUD approval extends beyond the underlying preliminary plat approval, the developer shall request extensions of the PUD on a yearly basis after expiration of
the underlying preliminary plat.
a. At least 30 days prior to the expiration of the PUD approval the landowner and/or developer may
Planned Unit Development District (PUD) - 61
request from the City Council an additional one-year
extension. Said request shall set forth a revised completion schedule and/or new timetable for installation of the improvements and completion of the project. The City Council may grant one or more
extensions, but each extension is a matter of grace
which, if approved, may be subject to additional conditions imposed by the City Council which may be deemed necessary to address issues that have arisen due to the lapse in time;
b. If the PUD project fails to secure an extension or falls out of compliance with its approved completion schedule provided for in 2.a. above, the project will be considered abandoned.
c. Upon the abandonment of a development authorized under this section, the City Council shall direct the Zoning Administrator to do the following:
I. If a portion of the PUD site was developed in
accordance with the PUD, the PUD shall stay in force for that portion already developed; II. For that portion of the PUD which was not
developed under the terms of the PUD, the
provisions of the PUD shall lapse, and the site shall revert back to a PUD Placeholder designation as provided for in 27.19.020(2)(b).
27.19.030: Standards for Planned Unit Development District (PUD). (1) General Standards.
(a) Developable area of a PUD shall be defined as all land that could
potentially be available for development including land in existing or potential lots, streets, open space, and parks. Undevelopable area is defined as land within un-buildable areas including land in a 100-year floodplain, BPA power line easements, federally
designated wetlands, and slopes in excess of 30% unless satisfactory
geotechnical information is submitted by a licensed engineer. (b) Both the permitted and conditionally permitted uses of the underlying zone shall be deemed to be eligible for inclusion as permitted uses in a PUD however not all such uses may be deemed
appropriate within the overall design of a particular PUD and may
be limited or modified by the PUD plan. (2) Establishment of PUD Districts.
Planned Unit Development District (PUD) - 62
(a) Residential PUD District. 1. Minimum size is two acres including both developable and undevelopable area. For PUD’s less than 2 acres in size, a
PUD application may be submitted; however, such site will
not be eligible for a density bonus as provided for in table 1 below. 2. A residential PUD district may be established in areas zoned
R-1 through R-5, RA-1, RA-2 and the H-1.
3. Housing types within a residential PUD may include single family, duplex and multi-family housing arranged in attached, detached, townhouse, apartment or condominium
configurations.
4. Residential dwelling unit density: Within a proposed residential PUD district residential densities are set forth below:
Table 1 PUD Density Allocation
Underlying Residential District Max # Dwelling Units/Developable Acre
R-1 and R-2 Districts 7 dwelling units
R-3, R-4 and R-5 Districts 12dwelling units
RA-1 and H-1 Districts 20 dwelling units
RA-2 District 40 dwelling units
a. Table 1 provides for the maximum # of dwelling units per developable acre. Developable acres are based on land in developable area and exclude undevelopable land as defined in 27.19.030(1)(a)
above; b. PUDs are not entitled automatically to the maximum density allowed in Table 1 above. Density shall be established based upon:
I. An analysis of the environmental factors affecting the land;
Planned Unit Development District (PUD) - 63
II. Compatibility with surrounding land uses and
impact on adjacent neighborhood; III. Availability of public infrastructure and services; and
IV. Consistency with the Kalispell Land Use Plan . c. Residential density bonuses: The maximum PUD
residential density provided for in Table 1 may be
increased in the following situations: I. Up to a 20% increase in residential units for projects which exceed the minimum park and
open space requirements as follows:
i. A 5% increase in density for each 10% increase over and above the minimum required developed park
lands.
ii. A 5% increase in density for each 10% increase of open space over and above the minimum park land
requirement.
iii. Up to a 20% bonus density (at a rate of two additional housing units for each affordable unit created) for
projects which advance long term
work force housing opportunities (rental or owner-occupied housing available to people earning up to 80% of median income). For lots/units to
be eligible they must be associated
with such organizations as Habitat For Humanity, a local housing authority, a single or multi-county housing assistance organization or an
incorporated land trust.
5. Commercial uses and their associated parking may be allowed in a residential PUD district, provided:
a. Lots devoted to commercial uses and their associated
parking shall not occupy more than 10% of the developable land area of the PUD district;
Planned Unit Development District (PUD) - 64
b. Commercial uses shall be so located, designed, and
operated as to serve primarily the needs of persons within the district and secondarily persons residing elsewhere; and
c. The acreage proposed for commercial use and its
parking shall be excluded from the gross acreage when computing total allowable dwelling units. 6. Residential park/open space requirements:
a. The minimum park land required is based on a ratio of .03 acres per residential unit. Residential units are defined as both owner and renter occupied units and includes single family and multi-family attached and
detached construction but specifically excludes
licensed retirement, assisted living or nursing home units. b. Lands considered undevelopable as provided for in
27.19.030 (1)(a) shall not be considered as meeting
the minimum park land and open space requirements. c. The applicant shall submit a plan for development of
each of the park areas. The approved plans shall be
fully implemented by the applicant. d. In addition to developed park lands, the PUD shall incorporate open space features, where and when
appropriate to enhance the overall development, to
serve as a necessary noise or visual barrier or to protect sensitive areas such as stream setbacks, floodplains, areas of steep slopes or other fragile areas.
e. The first 20 feet of width of a required pedestrian trail system (trail and associated easement) shall be considered a transportation facility and shall not be counted towards any open space of park land
requirement.
(2) Commercial PUD District. (a) Minimum size is two acres of developable area.
(b) A commercial PUD district may be established in areas zoned B-1 through B-5, P-1 and H-1.
Planned Unit Development District (PUD) - 65
(3) Industrial PUD District.
(a) Minimum size is two acres of developable area. (b) An industrial PUD district may be established in areas zoned I-1, I-
2, P-1 and B-5.
(4) Residential Mixed Use PUD. (a) The minimum size is 5 acres of developable area.
(b) A residential mixed-use PUD may be established in areas zoned R-1 through R-5, RA-1, RA-2, B-1, P-1 and H-1. (c) The predominant land use character of the PUD must be residential;
commercial uses should primarily be sized and located to address
the needs of the immediate neighborhood. (d) The residential uses and densities appropriate to a mixed-use PUD are the same as those permitted in a residential PUD.
(e) Commercial uses appropriate to a mixed-use PUD are the same as those permitted in a commercial PUD. (f) Incompatible industrial and commercial uses are not permitted.
(g) The combined area of all commercial/industrial lots cannot exceed 35% of the developable area. (5) Non-Residential Mixed-Use PUD.
(a) Minimum size is two acres of developable area. (b) A non-residential mixed-use PUD may be established in any zoning district which would allow a commercial or industrial PUD.
(c) Uses allowed under either a commercial or industrial PUD are allowed.
Supplementary Regulations - 66
CHAPTER 27.20 SUPPLEMENTARY REGULATIONS Sections:
27.20.010 Intent 27.20.020 Accessory Uses 27.20.025 Airport Affected Area 27.20.027 Cellular Service Antennae Location 27.20.029 Entrance Corridor Standards
27.20.030 Exceptions to Height Regulations 27.20.040 Fences, Walls, and Hedges 27.20.050 Greenbelts 27.20.060 Home Occupations 27.20.070 Lots in Two Zones
27.20.080 Principal Structures 27.20.082 Accessory Dwelling Units 27.20.085 Recreational Vehicles In Conjunction With Residential Uses 27.20.090 Safe Houses and Domestic Violence Shelters 27.20.095 Short Term Residential Rental Standards
27.20.100 Side Corner Setback Reduction 27.20.110 Single Family and Duplex Dwellings – Design Standards 27.20.120 Site Plan Review 27.20.125 Skybridge Setback Exception 27.20.130 Special Events
27.20.140 Structures To Have Access 27.20.150 Sublots 27.20.155 Tiny Houses 27.20.160 Visibility at Intersections
27.20.010: Intent. The supplementary regulations listed and described herein apply to a
specific district, to several districts, or to all districts. These regulations pertain to certain specific uses, authorize certain exemptions, or relate to unusual conditions. 27.20.020: Accessory Uses. In addition to any permitted or conditionally permitted
principal uses, accessory uses, and structures are permitted as set forth in this
section. (1) General Provisions. Each permitted accessory use shall:
(a) Be customarily incidental to the principal use established on the
same lot; (b) Be subordinate to and serve such principal use;
(c) Be subordinate in area, extent, and purpose to such principal use;
and
Supplementary Regulations - 67
(d) Contribute to the comfort, convenience, or necessity of users of such
principle use. (2) Standards for accessory uses and structures. The following is a list of restrictions on accessory uses and structures:
(a) Setbacks.
Front Side Rear Side Corner
Accessory Structures (larger than 400 square
feet) in all zones except B-4
See setback for principal structure
5 ft 5 ft See setback for principal structure
Accessory Structures (400 square feet or less) in all zones except B-4
See setback for principal structure
5ft (N/A if to the rear of the principal structure)
N/A See setback for principal structure
B-4 N/A N/A N/A N/A
When a garage or carport is entered from an alley, it shall not be located closer than ten feet from the alley right-of-way line. When a garage or carport is entered from any other public or private right-of-way, it shall not be located closer than twenty feet from the right-of-way line unless a greater setback is provided for under the
particular zoning district development standards. (b) In R and RA zones, accessory structures shall not exceed 18 feet in height and are limited to single story construction. Accessory structures in other zones shall not exceed the maximum height for
principal structures as provided under the particular zoning district development standards. (c) No accessory structure or use shall be constructed or established on
any lot prior to the time of the substantial completion of the
construction of the principal structure to which it is accessory. (d) Accessory structures shall be limited to no more than 1000 square feet in size.
27.20.025: Airport Affected Area. The Kalispell City Airport Affected Area Ordinance, as it presently is written and as it may be amended in the future, is hereby incorporated by reference into the
Kalispell Zoning Ordinance.
Supplementary Regulations - 68
27.20.027 Cellular Service Antennae Location Cellular service antennae may locate on any existing or proposed structure that is otherwise allowable pursuant to the regulations applicable to that district, provided that the antennae does not extend above or beyond the envelope of the structure
without taking steps to visually camouflage its presence, such as within belfries,
chimneys, elevator housings, or similar architectural features that would customarily be a part of the structure and tend to add to the architectural character of the structure.
27.20.29 Entrance Corridor Standards. The purpose of this section is to implement
development standards applicable to gateway entrances to the community. The entrances to the City of Kalispell are an important gateway to the community, and as such should be developed in such a way that they create an inviting and positive first impression of the community. The standards contained herein are intended to
protect the health, safety, and welfare of the traveling public by preventing or
reducing traffic congestion and distracting visual clutter associated with developments along major thoroughfares into and out of the city. The standards achieve the stated purpose by addressing the following physical characteristics of development: setbacks, landscaping, pedestrian access, bike access, architectural
design, outdoor storage, and access control. (1) Definitions. As used in this section, the following definitions apply: (a) Buffer area: An area of land, including landscaping and earth berms of
a particular property adjoining a designated principal arterial right-of-
way. (b) Monument sign: A two-sided freestanding sign attached to a permanent foundation or decorative base constructed of permanent
material, such as concrete block or brick and not attached or dependent
on support from any building, pole, posts, or similar uprights. (2) Gateway Entrance. Gateway entrances are established along principal arterials entering and exiting Kalispell. Principal arterials are at the highest level of the
transportation hierarchy and provide the highest capacity for vehicular traffic
volumes. Principal arterials provide for major traffic movements through the city at the highest efficiency possible, with right-of-way typically yielded by roadways of lower hierarchy. Principal arterials promote connectivity to other arterials, serve the longest trips, and carry the major portion of trips entering
and leaving the overall area. Principal arterials provide the highest level of
access control, making access to abutting land subordinate to the provision for vehicular travel. Speeds can vary between 25 and 65 miles per hour and traffic volumes carry between 10,000 and 35,000 vehicles per day.
(3) Buffer Setbacks Established. The buffer requirement for each gateway
entrance corresponds with the posted speed limit on that section of the principal arterial and the typical adjacent building pattern. Thus, properties adjacent principal arterials with a posted speed limit of 65 miles per hour have larger
Supplementary Regulations - 69
buffers than those properties adjacent principle arterial with speed limits of 25
miles per hour. Other considerations include the existing built environment along the principal arterial, which makes the feasibility of large buffer requirements infeasible in some situations. Roadway corridors to be identified as gateway entrances to Kalispell and the required buffer area for each are as
follows:
• U.S. 93 North between Reserve Drive and annexation boundary – 100-foot buffer
• U.S. 93 North between Four Mile Drive and Reserve Drive – 20-foot buffer
• U.S. 93 South between 13th Street and bypass – 20-foot buffer
• U.S. 93 South between the bypass and annexation boundary – 40-foot
buffer
• U.S. 2 East between Woodland Drive and annexation boundary – 20-foot buffer
• U.S. 2 West between bypass and annexation boundary – 40-foot buffer If any portion of a property is abutting an above-mentioned principal arterial roadway, the entire property’s right-of-way frontage is subject to this chapter. Specific exemptions are listed for development in place at the time of adoption
of these regulations. (4) Buffer Area (a) The buffer area shall include the length of the property boundary
adjacent to the applicable right-of-way with the minimum depth. (b) The buffer area shall not encompass more than 10% of the gross area of any parcel as platted at the time of adoption of these regulations.
(c) The following shall be permitted within the buffer area: 1) Landscaping 2) Storm water management facilities, which are aesthetically integrated into the landscape plan. Fencing of storm water
facilities is prohibited. 3) Access points 4) Frontage roads intended to limit the number of access approaches onto the highway. 5) Underground utilities
6) Pedestrian and bike trails (amenities such as bike racks, benches, and pedestrian lighting) 7) Monument Signs in accordance with Chapter 27.22 of the Kalispell Zoning Ordinance. 8) Flag poles
Supplementary Regulations - 70
(d) Where there is existing development in place at the time of adoption
of these regulations, the following buffer area exceptions are permitted: 1) Where a lot is previously developed and a principal building
encroaches into the required buffer, the existing setback of the
principal building will be used as the building line for additions to the principal structure. 2) Where strict adherence to these regulations results in the loss of
required parking spaces and/or required driving aisles, the buffer
area can be reduced in an effort to maintain the required parking spaces and/or driving aisle when it has been shown that alternative site design is not feasible. Where feasible, the site design shall maintain as much of the required buffer as possible.
3) In the event that an existing right-of-way is widened, and such widening necessitates the removal or relocation of any building or use and the owner wishes to rebuild on the same tract:
i) The owner may abide by the previously existing
setback distance (the distance between the building prior to right-of way acquisition and the previous right-of-way line) as the minimum setback for the new building if reconstruction is started within 180
days. If this timeframe is not met, any new structure
on the tract of land shall conform with all sections of this code.
(5) Landscaping and Pedestrian Connectivity. (a) A landscape and irrigation plan shall be submitted for the adjacent right-of-way and buffer area. The Parks and Recreation Director shall approve the irrigation and landscape plan for the right-of-way
and buffer area prior to development. Landscape designs shall
include primarily live landscaping including undulating topography and have a mix of tree plantings with a ground cover of predominately sod. The choice of species and type of trees shall achieve unity of design by repetition of plant varieties and other
materials and by correlating with adjacent developments and with
the streetscape plantings where provided. (b) The use of any form of bark, mulch, rock, etc. shall not be used as a primary method of landscaping. These materials may be used to
augment live landscape features upon approval by the Parks and
Recreation Director. If rock is to be used it must be 1 inch or less fractured.
Supplementary Regulations - 71
(c) When an existing developed landscape buffer is reduced or
eliminated due to public acquisition of road right-of-way, that portion of the landscape buffer acquired is not required to be replaced or reestablished.
(d) For lots with existing development, landscaping within the required
buffer area shall be required when there is a change of use, or when there are property improvements equal to or greater than 20% of the replacement value of the building at time of building permit. The replacement value shall be determined by a detailed cost estimate,
including site improvements, submitted by the property owner and
further verified by the building official. Where improvements to a property are completed in phases, the value of the improvements shall be determined cumulatively at time of each building permit. At such time, the cumulative improvements to the property are equal to
or greater than 20% of the replacement value of the building at time
of building permit, the buffer is required. (e) Property owners shall keep the landscaping within the buffer area in a healthy and attractive manner. Dead or dying landscaping shall be
replaced with like or similar type of landscaping. Any deviation
from the approved landscape plan shall be approved by the Parks and Recreation Director prior to installation. (f) A minimum 8-foot-wide concrete sidewalk shall be constructed
along the entire principal arterial frontage, where no sidewalk exists
meeting this standard. The sidewalk shall be integrally designed into the landscape plan required between the curb line of the principal arterial and the required buffer.
(g) A minimum 5-foot walk sidewalk shall be installed between the
entrance of the building and the sidewalk located within the buffer. (6) Access.
(a) Where access can be achieved via an adjacent or internal street or
easement, the lot shall take its access from that location instead of direct access onto the highway. (b) Where no adjacent street network is available, site design of individual
lots shall provide for shared access with neighboring parcels. (7) Outdoor Storage. (a) Outside storage of used motorized parts and/or partially or completely
dismantled motorized vehicles and/or marine vessels and shipping
containers shall be enclosed by a view-obscuring fence adequate to screen them from the principal arterial and any adjacent city residentially zoned land.
Supplementary Regulations - 72
(b) The view-obscuring fence shall be reviewed by the Architectural Review Committee prior to installation.
27.20.030: Exceptions to Height Regulations. (1) The height limitations contained in any district regulations do not apply to spires, belfries, cupolas, chimneys, water tanks, ventilators, elevator
housing, grain elevators, or other agriculture buildings, telecommunication
towers and cellular communication towers and facilities, unless otherwise prohibited by regulations related to the airport affected area referenced under Section 27.20.025 of this ordinance or by Federal Aviation Regulations, part 77.
(2) The height of any structure may be limited pursuant to requirements related to a conditional use permit. The limitation may be less than otherwise allowed under this ordinance.
(3) Additional height may be allowed under a conditional use permit in those
zones where additional height is provided for under the development standards. (4) Masts for flagpoles and antennas accessory to an allowed use shall not
exceed the height limits of the zoning district, except that an amateur radio
antenna may be a maximum of 100 feet in height or any height if issued to accommodate amateur radio service communications by a person who holds an unrevoked and unexpired official amateur radio station license and operator’s license, “technician” or higher class, issued by the Federal
Communications Commission of the United States.
(5) Masts for flagpoles must be set back from the property line to prevent the intrusion of the extended flag into or over any public right-of-way or adjoining property.
27.20.040: Fences, Walls, Hedges. (1) Except as otherwise provided by this ordinance, no fence, hedge, or free-standing wall shall exceed 48 inches in height anywhere within or bounding
the front yard or 78 inches within the rear, side corner, or side yards when
placed within the required yard setback areas. Fences, hedges, and walls shall not interfere with clear vision triangles. A single archway serving as a pedestrian entrance and being no more than nine feet tall, five feet wide and four feet deep, may be attached to a fence in the required setback area.
(2) Open wire fences exceeding the above heights may be built around schools, day cares, tennis courts, swimming pools, or other public or quasi-public institutions when necessary for the safety or restraint of occupants thereof.
Supplementary Regulations - 73
The acceptable height of said fences shall be determined by the Zoning
Administrator after giving consideration to the character of the neighborhood, available options on-site, and purpose of the fence. (3) Security fences are allowed on side and rear yards up to 8 feet in height
when used to enclose commercial or industrial storage yards. Barbed wire
may be used along the upper one-third portion of the fence (up to a total of 2 feet). Barbed wire is not permitted within the front or side corner setback area.
(4) Except where necessary to contain livestock and as otherwise indicated in
(3) above, no barbed wire or other sharp fencing materials and no electrically charged fences shall be erected or maintained in any district created by this code. When electrically charged fences are used, such fence shall be posted with warning signs at intervals not to exceed 150 feet where
such fences are adjacent to public rights-of-way or other zoning districts.
27.20.050: Greenbelts. (1) All sites in a “B” or “I” classified district having a common boundary with
an “R”, “H”, or “RA” classified property, shall erect and maintain a view-
obscuring fence or dense, coniferous hedge along such common boundary. Fences shall not be less than six feet in height. Hedges shall be subject to approval by the parks department. Any vegetation shall be a minimum of 3 feet in height at planting and obtain a height of not less than six feet at
maturity. Where the wall of a building, or public alley, or public street is on
such common boundary, no separate wall, fence or hedge need be installed along that portion of the boundary occupied by such building, street, or alley. Fences and hedges utilized as greenbelts are subject to the height limitations for the district in which they are located.
(2) Fences or greenbelts erected as a requirement of this section shall be maintained in a neat and orderly manner, and any vegetation shall be healthy and attractive.
27.20.060: Home Occupations. Home occupations are allowed in conjunction with any
residential use that is a primary residence for the occupant(s) provided that: (1) The home occupation is clearly incidental and secondary to the use of the property as a residence.
(2) Any commodity sold upon the premises must be produced on the premises. This is not intended to preclude the occasional home party sales associated with such products as Tupperware, Amway and Avon. This would include but not be limited to music lessons, educational tutoring, consulting
services, personal services and photography studios.
(3) Home occupations would not include any type of auto, boat or RV repair, maintenance or painting; any type of food preparation for on-site
Supplementary Regulations - 74
consumption or retail sales which include items not produced on-site, or any
other use which creates traffic uncharacteristic of a residential area or requires outdoor storage of materials. (4) Any disturbance such as noise, vibration, smoke, dust, odor, heat or glare
beyond the confines of the dwelling unit or accessory building would not
be in excess of that which would normally be anticipated in a residential area. (5) There shall be no exterior display, or exterior storage of materials, house
calls after 9:00 p.m. or before 8:00 a.m., or other indication from the exterior
that the dwelling unit or accessory building is being used in part for any use other than that of a dwelling or accessory building for purely residential purposes.
(6) There shall be no employees other than those residing on the premises.
(7) There shall be no pedestrian or vehicular traffic in excess of that which is characteristic of a typical neighborhood of its type and shall not exceed more than one at a time or eight all day.
(8) A wall sign flush mounted to the building not to exceed six square feet may be allowed in association with a home occupation. 27.20.070: Lots in Two Zones. District boundaries shall, except for unique conditions or
circumstances, take into consideration property boundaries as platted and every
effort shall be made to not divide a platted lot, parcel, or tract of land into two (2) or more use districts. If, however, a property is divided into two (2) use districts, the property may be utilized in conformance with one zoning district or the other as long as the use is confined to that portion of the property for which it is zoned.
The remainder of the lot lying within the other zoning classification will remain
open. This is not meant to preclude the possibility of the owner applying for a zone map amendment or subdivision of the lot to address the situation. 27.20.080: Principal Structures. In any “B”, “P”, or “I” district, more than one structure
housing a permitted and customary principal use may be erected on a single lot or
tract of land, provided that yard and other requirements of this code shall be met for each structure as though it were on an individual lot. This provision shall not apply to any lot within an “R” district where only one principal structure is permitted, except as provided in Section 27.20.082. Multiple structures proposed
in an “RA” or “H” district shall be subject to approval as a conditional use, except
as provided in Section 27.20.082. 27.20.082: Accessory Dwelling Units.
(1) In any zone where a single-family dwelling is a permitted use, a second
dwelling unit is allowed as a permitted use. The second unit may either be part of a duplex or a separate accessory dwelling unit.
Supplementary Regulations - 75
(2) An accessory dwelling unit is subject to the following conditions:
(a) The maximum height is limited to a single story with a height of no more than 18 feet unless the setbacks for a principal structure are met, in which case the maximum building height for the district would apply.
(b) The gross floor area of living space within the accessory dwelling unit shall be limited to no more than 1000 square feet. (c) Rental periods of less than 30 days are not permitted for the accessory
dwelling unit.
(d) An accessory dwelling unit shall not contain more than one dwelling unit. (3) For any accessory dwelling unit under this section:
(a) An accessory dwelling unit shall meet the setbacks required for a principal structure unless an existing conforming or non-conforming accessory structure is converted into the accessory dwelling unit. In that event, the existing setbacks may be maintained. Any enlargement or alteration of the structure
shall be governed by Section 27.23.020(2) relating to changes to non-
conforming structures. (b) The limitation on repairs and maintenance for non-conforming structures contained in Section 27.23.020(3) shall not apply to a conversion of an existing
accessory structure to an accessory dwelling unit.
27.20.085 Recreational Vehicles In Conjunction With Residential Uses.
On any property used for residential purposes, temporary use of a recreational
vehicle for housing occupants of the principal structure or their guests is allowed provided that the use is free of charge and limited to a period of one week or less per month.
27.20.090: Safe Houses. Safe houses are not subject to public review because of the need for
anonymity to protect the victims of domestic violence and abuse from their abusers. However, they will be required to be reviewed and approved by the Kalispell Site Development Review Committee for compliance with applicable health, safety, and zoning regulations prior to occupancy. Periodic inspections shall be conducted
to insure compliance with fire and life safety codes. Any inquiries or issues
associated with the review process shall be kept strictly confidential to the extent allowed by law in order to protect the integrity, intent and operation of the safe house. Information acquired as part of the review process will be kept confidential. Should issues arise within the neighborhood regarding the operation of the safe
house the City of Kalispell shall make every reasonable effort to amicably resolve
potential conflicts.
Supplementary Regulations - 76
27.20.093: Setback Encroachment for Eaves. In R-1, R-2, R-3, R-4, and R-5 zones, eaves on a structure are allowed to encroach up to two (2) feet into a required setback area.
27.20.095: Short Term Residential Rental Standards. A residential dwelling unit, whether in a residential or commercial zone, may be rented for a period shorter than thirty days provided that the following performance standards are met: (1) The property owner shall first obtain an administrative
conditional use permit from the Planning Department (See
Chapter 27.33).
(2) The number of units rented shall not exceed the allowable
density for the zoning district where the property is located.
(3) No more than a total of two (2) percent of the residences in
all of the "R" and "RA'' zones within the City of Kalispell
may be used as a short-term residential rental. This limitation
shall not apply to any other zones where short term rentals
are otherwise permitted.
(4) The administrative conditional use permit review shall include: (a) Proof of an inspection by the Building Department
showing that all life safety requirements are met,
including, but not limited to, smoke and carbon
monoxide detectors, egress windows out of sleeping
areas, handrails, hot water temperature, exposed
electrical wiring, and ground faults within six feet of
sinks/tubs;
(b) Proof of a State of Montana public accommodation
license for a tourist home, which is administered by the
Flathead City-County Health Department and is
subject to annual inspections;
(c) Affirmation of the property owner that correctly states
that the residential dwelling unit to be utilized as a
short-term rental is not subject to any covenants,
conditions or restrictions of record that forbid such use
of the property;
(d) Verification that the property is appropriately
registered and meets requirements for state bed tax
purposes;
Supplementary Regulations - 77
(e) The property owner shall provide their name and phone
number or of a local contact person that shall be
responsible for handling any issues that arise with the
property. The contact shall be available to address any
issues 24 hours a day and seven days a week. The
contact information shall be included in the notice sent
to property owners within 150 feet as provided for in
the administrative conditional use permit process; and
(f) Each short-term rental shall have access to the minimum
required parking for a residential unit in the zoning
district (no non-conforming status).
(5) There shall be no signage indicating the short-term rental of the property. (6) Prior to April 1 each calendar year, a property owner that
wishes to continue to provide short term residential rentals
shall submit for an annual renewal of the administrative
conditional use permit, including payment of a fee equal to
the administrative conditional use permit fee then in
effect. The renewal shall include verification of all of the
information listed under Section 27.20.095(4). Any
updated contact information shall be provided to property
owners within 150 feet.
(7) Violations of the terms of the administrative conditional
use permit or the provisions of this section may subject the
property owner to an enforcement pursuant to the terms of
this ordinance. Noise and similar issues may be enforced
through the Police Department.
Supplementary Regulations - 78
27.20.100: Side Corner Setback Reduction. Notwithstanding any side corner setback otherwise required under this ordinance, if the distance between the side setback and side corner
setback (i.e. the buildable width) on a corner lot is less than 35 feet, development may occur
within the side corner setback to either a point 35 feet from the side setback or ten feet from the side corner property line, whichever generates a lesser encroachment. (See Figure 1). Figure 1: Side Corner Setback Exception
27.20.110: Single Family and Duplex Dwellings – Design Standards. The purpose of this section is
to promote public health, safety, and welfare and to ensure neighborhood compatibility by
establishing minimum standards for single family dwellings and duplexes. All single-family dwellings and duplexes shall comply with the following standards: (1) As used in this section, a “manufactured home” means a dwelling for a single
household, built offsite in a factory that is in compliance with the applicable
prevailing standards of the United States Department of Housing and Urban Development at the time of its production. A manufactured home does not include a mobile home or housetrailer as defined in Section 15-1-101, M.C.A.
(2) As used in this section, “factory-built housing” means a factory assembled structure
intended for residential use that (a) is equipped with the necessary service connections but not made to be readily movable as a unit or units; (b) is designed to be used with a permanent foundation; and (c) is not certified by the United States Department of Housing and Urban Development but meets in the inspection
requirements of Title 50, Chapter 60, Part 4 of the Montana Code Annotated.
(2) All single-family dwellings and duplexes must be site built, factory-built housing or manufactured homes and must be placed on a permanent foundation that meets
Supplementary Regulations - 79
applicable building code requirements with any tow bars, wheels and axles removed at time of installation.
(3) Single-family and duplex dwellings may be moved as follows:
(a) To a different location on the same parcel;
(b) From one lot in the city to a different lot; or (c) From outside the city to a lot inside the city.
27.20.120: Site Plan Review. The purpose of this section is to establish site design criteria and review procedures to promote the general health and welfare by encouraging attention to site planning and giving regard to the natural environment, creative project design, and the character of the neighborhood or area.
(1) Application of These Procedures. These procedures shall apply to all developments within the zoning jurisdiction of the City of Kalispell. The site plan shall be submitted and approved prior to the issuance of any building permit for any construction, development, or any site preparation. A pre-application conference with the city
public works department and building department is strongly encouraged prior to the
preparation of any site plan or working drawings. Distinction is made below between the procedures and standards applicable to minor and major site plans. (2) Application for Minor Site Plan Approval. Minor site plan approval will be
required for single family dwellings and duplexes. Exterior structural remodeling
projects, not involving an expansion of a structure or use, are also subject to minor site plan approval when such remodeling does not involve a change of use. (a) Two sets of working drawings including site plan for a single-family dwelling
or duplex on an existing lot shall be submitted directly to the planning and
building department for review to show compliance with the Kalispell Zoning Ordinance. The department is authorized to require any revisions and/or attach any conditions necessary to ensure compliance.
(b) A site plan/application is required to have the following information:
1. Name, address, and phone number of owner, builder/architect and/or engineer;
2. Building site address, lot and block number, legal description of
property, north arrow, and date;
Supplementary Regulations - 80
3. All lot lines, easements, rights-of-way, and distances to both the wall line and the eave line of all existing and proposed structures, drawn
to a reasonable and accurate scale; and
4. Location of all buildings, parking areas, driveways (including paving details), fences and other improvements.
(3) Major Site Plan Approval. Commercial, industrial, and multi-family developments
and remodeling of existing structures when a change of use or structural expansion would result shall be subject to the following application and review procedures: (a) Site Plan Information. In addition to a completed building permit application
form, three sets of working drawings and five sets of site plans shall be
submitted incorporating the following information: 1. Boundary line of property with dimensions and a north arrow indicator;
2. Topography contours at a minimum interval of two feet or as
determined by the public works director; 3. Adjacent streets and street rights-of-way to a distance of 150 feet, including existing and proposed improvements such as curb, gutter,
sidewalks, bike paths, and landscape boulevard treatments/plantings;
4. Utilities and utility rights-of-way or easements; 5. All existing and proposed structures, including distances to both the
wall line and the eave line of all structures;
6. Parking facilities, including bicycle racks, landscaping, drainage, lighting, handicap-accessible parking, typical dimensions (including labeling angles for angled parking), traffic flow on-site, ingress and
egress points, driveways, and paving details;
7. Water bodies, floodplain, and wetlands; 8. Grading and drainage plans;
9. Location of fire hydrants and designated fire lanes/turnarounds; 10. Sidewalks, walkways, driveways, loading areas and docks, and bike paths;
11. Provision for handicapped accessibility, including but not limited to wheelchair ramps, parking spaces, handrails, and curb cuts;
Supplementary Regulations - 81
12. Fences and walls;
13. Exterior signs;
14. Exterior refuse collection areas; 15. Outdoor lighting plan (see Outdoor Lighting provisions,
Chapter 27.26);
16. Landscaping (detail plans showing plantings, equipment, and other appropriate information):
a. Size of plantings, time of planting and size at maturity, and
b. Areas to be irrigated. 17. Site plan review fee as established by the City Council.
(b) Criteria for Design Review. The following criteria shall be utilized by the Site Development Review Committee, when required, in reviewing site plans to ensure that the purpose and intent of the zoning ordinance, city tree ordinance, and all other applicable city ordinances are met:
1. The landscape shall be preserved in its natural state, in so far as practical, by minimizing tree and soil removal and any grade changes shall be in keeping with the general appearance of the neighborhood or area, and safe, and efficient development of the site.
2. The proposed development or physical improvements will not impair or interfere with (a) the development, use, enjoyment, or value of other property in the vicinity; (b) the orderly development of the neighborhood; or (c) the area as a whole.
3. Project Development. a. The proposed development or physical improvement has a desirable, efficient and workable interrelationship among
buildings, parking, circulation, open space, landscaping and
related activities and uses; b. The proposed development or physical improvement is in character with the design qualities of other developments in
the area; and
c. Utilities are placed underground.
Supplementary Regulations - 82
4. Curbs, gutters, sidewalks, and boulevard landscaping in adjacent rights-of-way shall be developed or upgraded to current public works
design and construction standards. Travel surfaces may, where
appropriate, be required to be repaired or upgraded. Boulevard landscaping shall include grass and tree species approved by the parks department. Boulevard landscaping shall not include rocks, gravel, or similar non-vegetative treatments.
5. Development or physical improvement shall provide sufficient landscaping to assure a pleasant and aesthetic on-site environment and provide protective screening, when necessary. This may include landscaping for the front yard or any yard adjacent to any public right-
of-way, along any lot adjacent to a residential zone, or in association
with off-street parking areas. All landscaping shall be continually maintained including necessary watering, weeding, pruning and replacing, in a substantially similar manner as approved.
(c) Review Authority for Major Site Plan Approval. A “Site Development
Review Committee” has the authority to review and require revisions to any major site plan. Said committee shall consist of the head of each department in the city or his/her designee and any other staff member so designated by the city manager.
(d) Power to Amend Plans. When approving an application for a site design and use, the Site Development Review Committee will include any or all of the following conditions, if they find it necessary to meet the intent and purpose and the criteria for approval of this ordinance. Any condition of approval
must substantially advance a legitimate public interest and the cost of the
condition must be roughly proportional to the public interest served. 1. Require such modifications in the landscaping plan as will insure proper screening, aesthetic appearance, and use of appropriate
material within the right-of-way.
2. Require the retention of existing trees, rocks, water ponds, or courses and other natural features.
3. Require the retention and restoration of existing historically
significant structures on the project site. 4. Require the modification or revision of the design or remodeling of structures, signs, accessory buildings, etc. to be consistent with all city
codes, ordinances, policies and guidelines.
5. Require on-site fire protection during the construction phase of a project.
Supplementary Regulations - 83
6. Require placing all utilities underground.
7. Require new developments to provide limited controlled access onto a public street by means of traffic signals, traffic controls and turning islands, landscaping, or any other means necessary to insure the viability, safety, and integrity of the public street as a true corridor. In
some cases, the city may require the developer to provide off-site
improvements and right-of-way consideration, including but not limited to water, sanitary sewer, storm drainage, street improvements, pedestrian ways, lighting, and signalization. The city may require the developer to also furnish the city with appropriate engineering studies
regarding the various impacts that the development might have on the
city’s public facilities as per the City’s standards for design and construction. 8. Require on-site pedestrian access and connectivity to adjacent
facilities, separate pedestrian access ways, and sidewalks/bike paths.
(e) Permit Issuance for Major Site Plans. The Site Development Review Committee shall issue a permit for the development upon a finding that all applicable city regulations and guidelines of this section have been adhered
to.
(4) Appeals. Any applicant for site plan approval may file an appeal when aggrieved by a decision or interpretation made by the Site Development Review Committee.
(a) A written appeal and payment of a fee as prescribed by the City Council must
be received in the office of the city manager within 30 days from the time the officer(s) charged with the enforcement of this section have made a written interpretation or determination on the site plan application.
(b) The city manager shall review the appeal and transmit the appeal and
associated materials to the City Council. (c) The City Council shall act on the appeal within 30 days following receipt of the appeal by the city manager.
(e) Decisions by the City Council shall be by Resolution. The basis for the decision on each appeal and a detailed summary of the facts and basis supporting such determination shall be recorded in the decision and shall constitute a part of the record thereof.
27.20.125: Skybridge Setback Exception. Notwithstanding any setback specified in this ordinance, a pedestrian skybridge connecting two buildings located in any B, H, or P zone which extends
Supplementary Regulations - 84
over a public or private right-of-way may encroach into the front or side corner setback area provided that all other applicable zoning and other code requirements are satisfied.
27.20.130: Special Events. Special events such as car shows, boat shows, RV shows, carnivals, concerts and similar outdoor activities are permitted in the “B”, “I”, and “P” zones provided they do not exceed seven days in a one-month period.
27.20.140: Structures to Have Access. Every building hereafter erected or moved shall be on a lot
adjacent to a public street or with access to an approved private street, and all structures shall be located on lots as to provide safe convenient access for servicing, fire protection, and required off-street parking.
27.20.150: Sublots. Sublots may be created in any zoning district. Sublots are subject to any applicable
subdivision regulations and, if required, a conditional use permit. Figure 2: Sublots
(1) Site Requirements.
(a) The allowable number of sublots shall be determined by dividing the gross
area of the parent lot by the density limits of the applicable zoning district. In the event that the design utilizes common ownership of common areas, the area of the lot(s) plus the common area shall be divided by the density limits of the applicable zoning district to determine the allowable number of sublots.
(b) In no case, however, shall a sublot located in an “R” or “RA” zone have more than one dwelling unit thereon.
Supplementary Regulations - 85
(2) Building Limitations.
(a) The yard, height, and area requirements of the district shall apply to the entire
area of the parent lot. (b) Common ownership of the yards is permitted.
(c) The shared interior property boundary(ies) is/are required to be developed at
a zero-lot line. (d) Sublots shall not be used to develop detached units. (See figure 2 above)
27.20.155: Tiny Houses. This zoning ordinance specifically allows the development of tiny houses, as
defined in Appendix Q of the International Residential Code as it was printed on January 1, 2023, provided that all other provisions of this ordinance and any other applicable regulations are met.
27.20.160: Visibility at Intersections. In any residential district, fences, signs, walls, hedges, or other
planting may be permitted in any required yard, provided that nothing shall be erected, placed, planted, or allowed to grow in such a manner as materially to impede a clear vision triangle. (See definitions).
Downtown Historic District Design Standards - 88
CHAPTER 27.21 ARCHITECTURAL REVIEW
Sections: 27.21.010 Findings and Objectives. 27.21.020 Architectural Review Committee.
27.21.030 Jurisdiction and Powers of the Architectural Review Committee. 27.21.040 Criteria and Standards. 27.21.050 Procedure. 27.21.010: Findings and Objectives.
(1) Excessive uniformity, dissimilarity, inappropriateness or poor quality of design on the exterior appearance of structures and signs and the lack of proper attention to site development and landscaping in Kalispell hinders the harmonious development of the city, impairs the desirability of
residences, investment or occupation in the city, limits the opportunity to
attain the optimum use and value of land and improvement, adversely affects the stability and value of the property, produces degeneration of property in such areas with attendant deterioration of condition affecting the peace, health and welfare of the city, and destroys a proper relationship
between the taxable value of property and the cost of municipal services.
(2) The purposes and objectives of architectural site design review procedure are to:
(a) Encourage originality, flexibility and innovation in site planning and
development, including the architecture, landscaping and graphic design of said development; (b) Discourage monotonous, drab, unsightly, dreary and inharmonious
development;
(c) Conserve the city’s natural beauty and visual character and charm by insuring that structures, signs and other improvements are properly related to their sites, and to surrounding sites and
structures, with due regard to the aesthetic qualities of the natural
terrain and landscaping, and that proper attention is given to exterior appearances of structures, signs, and other improvements; (d) Protect and enhance the city’s appeal to tourists and visitors and thus
support and stimulate business and industry and promote the
desirability of investment and occupancy in business, commercial and industrial properties;
Downtown Historic District Design Standards - 89
(e) Stabilize and improve property values and prevent blighted areas and, thus, increase tax revenues;
(f) Achieve the beneficial influence of pleasant environments for living and working on behavioral patterns, and thus decrease the cost of governmental services;
(g) Foster civil pride and community spirit so as to improve the quality
and quantity or citizen participation in local government and in community growth, change and improvement; and (h) Sustain the comfort, health, tranquility, and contentment of residents
by reason of the city’s favorable environment, and thus to promote
and protect the peace, health and welfare of the city. 27.21.020: Architectural Review Committee.
(1) The mayor, with the approval of the council, shall appoint an Architectural
Review Committee (ARC) of at least five persons, each with one or more of the following qualifications: special education, training, or experience in the financing of commercial real property, architecture, or landscape architecture; active engagement in business, commerce or industry; and/or
education, training or experience in the area of graphic or allied arts.
Whenever possible, the mayor shall appoint individuals who are either property owners, residents or actively engaged in business or employment in the city.
(2) The members shall serve four-year terms. The specific terms shall be
initially established so that up to two four-year appointments are made each year until all positions have been appointed. The mayor, with approval of the council, may remove any member of the ARC after hearing, for misconduct or non-performance of duty. Any vacancies of the ARC shall
be appointees of the mayor with the approval of the council.
(3) The ARC may adopt and amend rules to govern the conduct of its business including, but not limited to: Officers, quorum, voting, schedule of meetings and records.
27.21.030: Jurisdiction and Powers of the ARC.
(1) (1) Except for single family and duplex dwellings, no building permit shall be issued for a new building or major remodeling of an existing building, and no sign permit shall be issued for the construction or alteration
of a sign, until the plans, drawings, sketches, and other documents required under Section 27.21.050 have been reviewed and approved by the ARC in conformity with the criteria specified in Section 27.21.040. Wall signs are
Downtown Historic District Design Standards - 90
exempt from ARC review. For purposes of this ordinance, the term “major remodeling” shall mean any remodeling that substantially changes the
exterior appearance of the building.
(2) Construction, site development and landscaping, signing and graphics shall be carried out in the substantial accord with the plans, drawings, sketches, and other documents approved by the ARC, unless altered with the ARC’s
approval. Nothing in this section shall be construed to prevent ordinary
repair, maintenance, and replacement of any part of the building or landscaping which does not involve a substantial change from the goals and objectives of section 27.21.010.
27.21.040: Criteria and Standards.
(1) The following standards shall be utilized by the ARC in reviewing the plans, drawings, sketches, and other documents required under section 27.21.050. These standards are intended to provide a frame of reference for the
applicant in the development of site and building plans as well as a method
of review for the ARC. These standards shall not be regarded as inflexible requirements. They are not intended to discourage creativity, invention, and innovation. The specifications on one or more particular architectural style are not included in these standards.
(a) City of Kalispell, Montana, Architectural Design Standards: The project should be designed to follow the architectural design standards.
(b) Relation of proposed buildings to environment: Proposed structures
shall be related harmoniously to the terrain and to existing buildings in the vicinity that have a visual relationship to the proposed buildings. The achievement of such relationship may include the enclosure of space in conjunction with other existing buildings or
other proposed buildings and the creation of focal points with
respect to avenues of approach, terrain features or other buildings. (c) Advertising features: The size, location, design, color, texture, lighting and materials of all exterior signs and outdoor advertising
structures or features shall not detract from the design of proposed
buildings and structures and the surrounding properties. (d) Special features: Exposed storage areas, exposed machinery installations, service areas, truck loading areas, utility buildings and
structures and similar accessory areas and structures shall be subject
to such setback, screen plantings or other screening methods as shall reasonably be required to prevent their being incongruous with the
Downtown Historic District Design Standards - 91
existing or contemplated environment and the surrounding properties.
(e) Application of design standards: The standards of review outlined in this section also apply to all accessory buildings, structures, exterior signs, and other site features, however related to the major buildings or structures.
(2) The ARC shall also be guided by the objectives of section 27.21.010, and such objectives shall serve as additional criteria and standards. 27.21.050: Procedure.
(1) Submission of documents. A prospective applicant for a building or other permit, who is subject to site design review, shall submit to the planning department the following:
(a) A site plan, drawn to scale, showing the proposed layout of all
structures and other improvements including, where appropriate, driveways, pedestrian walks, landscaped areas, fences, walls, off-street parking and loading areas, and railroad tracks. The site plan shall indicate the location of entrances and exits and the direction of
traffic flow into and out of off-street parking and loading areas, the
location of each parking space and each loading berth and areas of turning and maneuvering vehicles. (b) A landscape plan, drawn to scale, showing the location of existing
trees proposed to be removed and to be retained on the site, the
location and design of landscaped areas, the varieties and sizes of trees and plant materials to be planted on the site, other pertinent landscape features, and irrigation systems required to maintain trees and plant materials.
(c) Architectural drawings or sketches, drawn to scale, including floor plans, in sufficient detail to permit computation of yard requirements and showing all elevations of the proposed structures and other improvements as they will appear on completion of
construction.
(d) Specifications as to type, color, and texture of exterior surfaces of proposed structures.
(e) Specifications for each exterior light fixture.
(f) A sign plan, drawn to scale, showing the location, size, design, material, color, and methods of illumination of all exterior signs.
Downtown Historic District Design Standards - 92
(2) The ARC shall make a decision in a timely manner pursuant to their rules
and schedule. An applicant may appeal a decision to the City Council. The
appeal shall be filed in writing to the city manager within 30 days after the ARC has rendered its decision at the scheduled meeting.
CHAPTER 27.21A
DOWNTOWN HISTORIC DISTRICT DESIGN STANDARDS Sections: 27.21A.010 Intent
27.21A.020 Applicability 27.21A.030: Design Standards Applicable to All Properties within the Downtown Historic District Overlay 27.21A.040: Additional Design Standards Applicable to Properties within the Main Street Historic District
27.21A.010: Intent. The purpose of this section is to establish design standards that guide individuals, businesses, architects, designers as well as the Architectural Review Committee in making consistent and objective decisions involving development within historic downtown Kalispell. The standards will protect and enhance the
development of buildings and sites within downtown Kalispell, an area of
significant architectural and historic character, for educational, cultural and economic benefit and enjoyment of the citizens of Kalispell and the traveling public. The Downtown Historic District Overlay (Figure 2.2) consists of the Kalispell Main Street Historic District and the surrounding area that embodies the
historic commercial site development patterns of early Kalispell. The design
standards will preserve historic architectural design and integrity, while promoting compatible urban growth and redevelopment. The standards will protect the investment and property values of local businesses, promote tourism, and encourage pedestrian-oriented development. Contemporary, non-period and
innovative design of new structures and additions is encouraged when such design
is compatible with and/or compliments surrounding structures. These standards are not intended to necessarily preclude significant alteration or demolition of existing buildings but are designed to provide consistency and predictability to property development standards and the permit review process.
27.21A.020: Applicability. The following design standards are applicable to all buildings except for single family and duplex dwellings within the Downtown Historic District Overlay (Figure 2.2). Standards in Section 27.21A.030 apply to all properties within the boundary of the Downtown Historic District Overlay, which emphasizes
pedestrian-friendly urban site design congruent with historic Kalispell. In addition
to Section 27.21A.030, Section 27.21A.040 applies to properties within the Main Street Historic District and focuses on historic architectural form, material, and
Downtown Historic District Design Standards - 93
color reflective of the established historic built environment. When applying the standards of this chapter, ARC must also be guided by the Design Guidelines-
Downtown Historic District Overlay.
Sign Regulations - 97
Figure 2.2: Downtown Historic District Overlay
In addition to ARC review and approval for all new building or major remodeling as defined in Section 27.21.030, façade improvements including but not limited to the application of paint; installation or replacement of awnings, siding, or windows; wall murals or artistic sculptures; substantial alteration of historically significant elements
(Section 27.21A.040(2)(c)(5)) on contributing buildings, and wall signs 20 square
feet in size or larger require ARC approval within the Main Street Historic District. Ordinary repair or maintenance, as defined in this chapter, is exempt from ARC review. Ordinary repair and maintenance does not include the alteration or repair of the building façade, including but not limited to brick and masonry repair, abrasive
and/or comprehensive cleaning of the building, stripping paint finishes, painting, and window or awning replacement. 1) Alternative Compliance to Design Standards. ARC may allow for alternative compliance when the proposal demonstrates alignment with the spirit and intent of
the design standards. 2) Definitions. As used in this chapter, the following definitions apply: (a) Contributing building: A building constructed during Kalispell’s period of
significance (1891-1960) and which retains a high degree of integrity. The
Sign Regulations - 98
building is intact and few alterations have occurred. If additions have been
made more than 50 years ago, the additions may be seen as part of the
evolution of the building and provide historical significance.
(b) Downtown Main Street District: A historic district listed on the National
Register of Historic places and a subdistrict of the Downtown Historic
District Overlay.
(c) Ghost signs: A wall sign painted on the exterior wall of a building during
Kalispell’s period of significance which advertises a business, product, or
service.
(d) Individually listed building: A building or structure that has been listed on
the National Register of Historic Places based on the significance in
American history, architecture, archaeology, engineering or culture.
Information on individually listed buildings can be found on the Montana
State Historic Preservation Office website and the National Park Service's
National Register of Historic Places website.
(e) Noncontributing building: A building whose date of construction is
outside the period of significance or is within the period of significance but
has been altered to the degree in which the integrity and historical character
has been compromised.
(f) Ordinary repair or maintenance: Replacement or renewal of existing
systems of a building, or of parts of the service equipment made in the
ordinary course of maintenance and that do not in any way affect health or
the fire or structural safety of the building or the safe use and operation of
the service equipment therein.
(g) Period of significance: A period between 1891 and 1960 during which time
Kalispell gained its most architectural and historical importance.
(h) Wall murals: A painting or artistic work composed of pictures or
arrangements of color which is painted on or attached to a building and
which does not contain a commercial message.
27.21A.030: Design Standards Applicable to All Properties within the Downtown Historic District Overlay. The following standards apply to all properties within the Downtown Historic
District Overlay (Figure 2.2) which consists of the Kalispell Main Street Historic District and the surrounding area. 1) Site Design and Architectural Character
(a) All new buildings shall be placed and designed to present the front and
primary façade to the block frontage that is highest in order of precedence
and should convey a sense of human scale and visual interest along the
street front.
Sign Regulations - 99
(b) New buildings on a corner at the intersection of two streets shall be placed
to present a front and primary façade on both street block frontages.
(c) Windows shall use clear glass or clear low-E glass rather than spandrel,
mirrored, or tinted glass at street level. Stained and leaded glass may be
used when historically appropriate.
(d) New buildings shall be scaled to the pedestrian, with a variety of ways to
engage activity at the street and sidewalk by incorporating at least three of
the following elements:
1. Recessed bays
2. Protruding or recessed entries.
3. Awnings, entry roofing and trellises.
4. Architectural elements integrated into the design such as dormers,
roof cornices, columns, piers, lintels.
5. Change in plane to avoid large plain building masses.
6. Change in building material or siding style.
7. Windows (except storefront windows) shall include trim or other
design treatment, or alternately be recessed at least two inches from
the façade.
2) Parking Facilities
(a) New surface parking along a street shall be placed to the side or rear of the
building and accessed via the alley when possible.
(b) Parking structures shall incorporate ground floor features that promote a
pedestrian environment.
1. At street level, the parking structure shall include retail, commercial
space, or architectural features that engage the pedestrian
experience. The use of awnings, shading devices, and landscaping
are a means to provide visual interest to areas otherwise not
engaging the pedestrian at street level.
(c) Upper parking levels facing the street shall minimize the visual impact of
parked cars.
1. Openings shall have a rhythm and scale similar to buildings in the
area.
Sign Regulations - 100
2. Screens and decorative materials along with railings shall be
included to provide visual interest to upper level openings in the
structure to help minimize headlight glare onto adjacent buildings.
(d) The overall design of the parking structure shall be compatible within the
area or neighborhood especially in terms of scale, massing, and rhythm.
1. Vertical and horizontal articulation shall divide the structure to
conform with the area or neighborhood.
2. Vertical pedestrian circulation can be a change of material or offset
from the façade or elevation in a design similar to buildings in the
area or neighborhood.
3. Angled ramps within shall be screened from view from streets or
sidewalks.
3) Service, Loading, Outdoor Storage and Mechanical Areas. Trash, utility,
communications, power and gas meters and equivalent elements shall be located in
the alley or incorporated into the architecture of the building by using parapets,
walls, roof elements, and/or evergreen landscaping. Architectural screening
elements shall be compatible with the proposed or existing building materials.
27.21A.040: Additional Design Standards Applicable to Properties within the Main Street Historic District. In addition to the standards outlined in Section 27.21A.030, the following standards apply to properties within the boundaries of the Main Street Historic District
(Figure 2.2).
1) Building Materials and Color
(a) Exterior finishes shall include historic materials such as masonry, concrete,
cut stone and stone panels, native stone, terra-cotta, wood, cast iron, glass
block, copper, and tin as the primary finish material. Synthetic materials
may be used so long as the quality and appearance are substantially similar
to historic materials used in the area.
(b) Historic elements, materials and details shall not be covered, clad over, or
boarded up with modern, non-historic, non-era materials.
(c) Street shades and awnings shall be based on materials consistent with the
historic period of construction.
(d) All exterior building colors shall use a time period color palette based on
the era in which the building was constructed. These paint palettes do not
preclude the use of one or more colors that can be justified to the ARC
through historic paint analysis or historic photo documentation.
(e) Any color not listed within a historic palette or justified by historic paint
analysis or photo documentation is referred to as a “limited color”. Limited
Sign Regulations - 101
Colors may only be used up to 15% of the building façade and are subject to
approval by the ARC.
(f) Color guidelines apply to all exterior materials, including, but not limited
to, paint, metals, masonry, concrete masonry units, and storefronts. Color
guidelines do not apply to murals and artistic sculptures that comply with
Section 27.21A.040(4).
(g) Noncontributing buildings are not subject to manufacturer designated paint
color palettes but shall take cues from colors and materials used on the
block or generally found in the district.
2) Standards for New Construction
(a) New construction shall maintain a uniform street wall with the historic
building alignment.
(b) All new buildings shall incorporate tripartite construction with a base,
middle, and a top that complements the building style of adjacent structures.
Figure 2.3: Tripartite Building Form
(c) Mass and form of new construction shall be compatible with the historic
context, area, and neighborhood.
1. Buildings shall be at the same grade, elevation, or floor height of
surrounding historic buildings of the area or neighborhood.
2. Floor to floor heights shall be similar to the surrounding properties
in the area or neighborhood including properties at an intersection.
3. Buildings shall have horizontal and vertical articulation of street
facing wall planes and differentiate materials between floors
consistent with properties in the area or neighborhood.
4. Façade or street facing elevations shall reflect the proportions of
height to width in the area or neighborhood.
Sign Regulations - 102
5. Buildings shall include historically significant architectural elements
such as water tables, bulkhead, belt courses, dormers, transom,
window sills and lintels, roof cornices, etc. Contemporary
interpretations of these historical elements may be appropriate.
Figure 2.5: Historic Commercial Building Elements
(d) Windows, doors, and other features shall be compatible with those in the
area or neighborhood.
1. Use simplified configuration of historic doors. Storefront entrances
shall have a recessed entry in order to avoid conflict with pedestrian
circulation within the right-of-way.
2. Door height, width, and materials shall be similar to those in the
area or neighborhood.
3. Window headers, sills, and sash design shall be similar to those in
the area or neighborhood and hold similar relationship to cornices
and belt courses.
4. Contemporary window patterns and designs shall respect the
character and proportion of those in the area or neighborhood.
5. Windows shall use clear glass or clear low-E glass rather than
spandrel, mirrored, or tinted glass at street level. Stained and leaded
glass may be used when historically appropriate.
(e) Roof forms shall be compatible to those in the area or neighborhood. Flat
roof forms shall not be used in areas of pitched roofs and pitched roof forms
shall not be used in an area of flat roofs.
(f) When a contributing property is demolished, the reconstruction of the
property shall include elements in the design that respect and harken back to
the history of the site as it existed during Kalispell’s period of significance.
3) Standards for Minor Additions and Façade Improvements to Contributing
and Individually Listed Buildings
Sign Regulations - 103
(a) Minor building additions and exterior façade improvements to contributing
properties shall preserve the historical character, proportion, scale, and
rhythm of the existing historic building. When possible, historical reference
including photographs shall be used to verify appropriate design.
(b) If architecturally significant features such as cornices, lintels, historically
appropriate windows and doors are replaced, they shall be replaced with
reproductions of the original, where economically and functionally possible.
If this is not possible, they shall be replaced with features similar in size and
scale to the original.
4) Standards for Art Installations
(a) Wall murals shall not be located on the front façade or the side façade of a
side corner lot and shall not cover, destroy, or materially alter a historically
significant architectural element (Section 27.21A.040(2)(c)(5)) of the
building or an existing ghost sign.
(b) No mural shall be applied directly to an original, unpainted brick wall of a
contributing or individually listed building. Murals should instead be
painted on a removable substrate suitable for outdoor use. Anchoring shall
be placed into masonry joints or other non-damaging areas of the walls.
Framing shall be done so as not to trap water between the mural and the
wall. Hanging or anchoring shall be reversible.
(c) Artistic sculptures shall be secured in a manner that, if removed in the
future, would not impair the historic integrity of the building.
Sign Regulations - 104
CHAPTER 27.22 SIGN REGULATIONS
Sections: 27.22.010 Purpose 27.22.020 Scope
27.22.030 Signs Prohibited 27.22.040 Permits Required 27.22.050 Signs Not Requiring Permits 27.22.060 General Standards for all Signs 27.22.070 Reader Boards
27.22.080 Sign Area Allowances 27.22.090 Regulations for Specific Categories of Signs 27.22.100 Permitted Signs in Zones R-1, R-2, R-3, and R-4 27.22.110 Permitted Signs in Zones R-5, RA-1, RA-2, B-1 and P-1 27.22.120 Permitted Signs in Zone H-1
27.22.130 Permitted Signs in Zones B-2, B-4, B-5, I-1, and I-2 27.22.140 Construction Standards 27.22.150 Maintenance 27.22.160 Sign Permit 27.22.170 Non-Conforming Signs and Signs Without Permits
27.22.180 Exemption for Historic Signs 27.22.190 Violations 27.22.200 Enforcement and Remedies 27.22.210 Removal of Signs by the Administrator 27.22.220 Appeals and Variances
27.22.010: Purpose. The purpose of this chapter shall be to coordinate the type, placement, and physical dimensions of signs within the different land-use zoning classifications of Kalispell; to recognize the commercial communication requirements of all sectors of the business community; to encourage the innovative use of design; to promote both renovation and
proper maintenance; to promote the aesthetic objectives of the city; to improve pedestrian
and traffic safety; to enhance the natural scenic qualities of the area; to minimize the possible adverse effect of signs on nearby public and private property; to promote the tourist economy of the city; and to guarantee equal treatment under the law through accurate record keeping and consistent enforcement. These shall be accomplished by regulation of the display,
erection, use and maintenance of signs. The use of signs is regulated according to zoning
classifications. No sign shall be permitted as an accessory use to a permitted or conditionally permitted use except in accordance with the provisions of this Chapter. 27.22.020: Scope. This chapter shall not regulate official traffic or government signs; the copy and
message of signs; signs not intended to be viewed from a public right-of-way; product
dispensers and point of purchase displays; scoreboards on athletic fields; flags of any nation, government or noncommercial organization; gravestones; religious symbols;
Sign Regulations - 105
commemorative plaques; decorative holiday light displays; traditional barber poles; the display of street numbers; or any display or construction not defined herein as a sign.
27.22.030: Signs Prohibited. The following types of signs are prohibited in all districts: No permit shall be issued for the erection of any signs prohibited by this section. (1) Abandoned Signs.
(2) Inflatable signs, searchlights, beacons or other gas filled or air-filled figures (except
as allowed in Section 27.22.050(1)(c)). (3) Banners on public property or rights-of-way, except as otherwise permitted by other city standards or policies.
(4) Signs imitating or resembling official traffic or government signs or signals. (5) Snipe signs or signs attached to trees, telephone/electrical poles, public benches, streetlights, or placed on any public right-of-way.
(6) Signs placed on vehicles or trailers which are parked or located for the primary purpose of displaying said sign. (This does not apply to signs or lettering on buses, taxis, or vehicles operating during the normal course of business).
(7) Roof signs unless architecturally incorporated (matching colors/materials/
embellishments) into the facade of the building and mounted on a parapet wall or similar extension of an exterior wall. No part of the sign shall extend over the wall. (8) Any temporary or portable signs except as otherwise permitted in Section
27.22.050(1).
(9) Mechanically animated and/or flashing signs. See also Section 27.22.060(1). (10) Any temporary or portable sandwich board signs or other portable signs located on
public sidewalks or in the public right-of-way, except as otherwise provided in this
chapter. 27.22.040: Permits Required. Unless otherwise provided by this ordinance, all signs shall require permits and payment of fees as described in Section 27.22.160 of this ordinance.
(1) No permit is required for the routine maintenance of a sign except as otherwise specified in this section. (2) Changing a face or other component of a sign is considered an alteration of the sign
and shall not be considered routine maintenance except that the replacement of reader
boards with reader boards of the same size, color lights, and type are considered to be routine maintenance provided that a permit is obtained. Any reader board
Sign Regulations - 106
replaced under this provision shall comply with light intensity requirements for electronic reader boards as provided for in Section 27.22.070.
27.22.050: Signs Not Requiring Permits. The following types of signs are exempted from permit requirements, but must be in conformance with all other requirements of this ordinance: (1) Allowed Temporary Signs. Signs erected on a temporary basis such as,
but not limited to, the following categories of signs:
(a) Construction Signs. No more than one sign per contractor of a building which is under construction provided the advertising display area of such sign shall not exceed six square feet in residential districts or 32 square feet in other
districts. The signs may be combined on a single sign not to exceed 32 square
feet. Additionally, one sign is allowed which shall not exceed 16 square feet advertising the business(es) which will occupy the lot. Such signs shall be removed within 30 days of occupancy of the building.
(b) Real Estate Signs. One two-faced sign per lot not exceeding six square feet
per sign face in residential districts or 32 square feet in other districts. A subdivision sales sign up to 32 square feet is permitted at each entrance to a subdivision, and shall be removed at 75% build-out of the subdivision (or phase, if applicable).
(c) Temporary signs are allowed in association with commercial and industrial uses for special events such as grand openings or special sales for a single period of time not to exceed 14 total days within a 6-month period and subject to the written approval of the Zoning Administrator.
1. Banners mounted directly on and parallel to a building wall. 2. Temporary or portable signs (such as a portable reader board or sandwich board, etc) per lot are allowed.
3. Inflatable signs, balloons, tethered balloons, or other gas filled or air-filled figures. (d) Political signs not exceeding 32 square feet located on private property.
(e) Campaign and election signs which are removed within 14 days after the election. (f) Signs associated with neighborhood garage or yard sales or similar function.
Such signs may be located on-premise or off-premise within a residential
zoning district. The signs must be removed within two days following the sale.
Sign Regulations - 107
(g) In the area shown in Figure 2.1 (see below), A-frame/sandwich board signs within the public right-of-way are permitted under the following conditions:
1. Only one single or double-sided sign is permitted per lot; 2. A minimum 5-foot-wide pathway remains on the sidewalk;
3. The sign is immediately in front of the business being advertised and
adjacent to the building; 4. The sign is limited to a maximum of 3 feet in height and 10 square feet per face;
5. The sign may be displayed from 8:00 a.m. to 9:00 p.m.; 6. Insurance coverage is provided in a manner to be reviewed and approved by the City Attorney; and
7. A permit is obtained from the zoning administrator.
Sign Regulations - 108
(2) General Standards for Temporary Signs.
(a) A temporary sign shall not be placed on or extend over the public right-of-
way, except as otherwise provided in this chapter. (b) The location of a temporary sign is subject to clear vision triangle requirements and the location requirements for freestanding/ground signs
contained in Section 27.22.090(1). The location is further subject to site and
building access requirements. (c) A temporary sign shall be designed to be stable under all weather conditions, including high winds.
(d) A temporary sign shall not advertise or promote any off-premise commercial enterprise or event. (3) Directional Signs. A sign, other than a government sign, not more than four square
feet which provides directions for traffic flow to places of business.
(4) Identification Signs. One sign per street front, setting forth or denoting the name of any public, charitable, or religious institution when located on the premises of such institution, provided such sign or bulletin board shall not exceed 24 square feet in
sign area per face, subject to the height for the given zoning district.
(5) Interior Window Signs. Any incidental signage erected inside of or painted on a window or otherwise located within a building except strobe lights, blinking lights or other such similar devices that are intended to draw attention to a use from passing
vehicular traffic. An electronic reader board within a window shall be considered a
wall sign and is subject to review as a sign requiring a permit. Signs in faux windows that are not intended to serve typical window functions related to light and air shall not be considered interior window signs and are subject to regulations pertaining to wall signs.
(6) Subdivision Identification Signs. One sign not to exceed 24 square feet in area or two signs not to exceed 12 square feet each per exclusive entrance to a subdivision or tract. Such signs shall be restricted to the subdivision or development name and shall not exceed six feet in height.
(7) Government Signs. Any sign erected by a government agency and signs indicating utility locations. (8) Nameplates. One per dwelling or tenant name(s) at a main entrance, not exceeding
one square foot per nameplate.
(9) Incidental Signs. Signs that are generally informational, that have a purpose secondary to the use on the lot on which it is located, such as "no parking,"
Sign Regulations - 109
"entrance," "loading only," "telephone," and other similar directives. No sign with a commercial message legible from a position off the zone lot on which the sign is
located shall be considered incidental.
(10) Works of art that do not include a commercial message.
27.22.060: General Standards for all Signs. (1) Signs shall not rotate, move, flash, change or blink, except if utilized by a government agency for public safety or information.
(2) Signs, if illuminated, shall be lighted by continuous, stationary, shielded light sources. Internally illuminated signs may not be lit at night when any face of the sign is removed or damaged in such a way that the light may distract or intrude on drivers or adjacent properties. Signs that have exterior lighting must be lit from above
the sign and the light shielded, except that ground lighting may be used for ground
mounted signs with a solid base. In all cases, lighting must be directed at the surface of the sign area. (3) Signs attached to buildings shall not extend above the wall to which they are attached
unless erected to comply with 27.22.030(7).
(4) The advertising display area for freestanding signs shall include no more than two faces, except that more than two faces may be permitted for signs serving multiple businesses. The advertising display area for wall signs shall be limited to a single
sign face. 27.22.070: Reader Boards. (1) Portable or movable reader boards signs are prohibited except when used to
announce a temporary event [see 27.22.050(1)(c)].
(2) A sign may include electronic and manually changeable reader boards. (a) No more than 25% of any sign area may incorporate an electronic reader
board.
(b) No more than 50% of any sign area may incorporate a manually changeable reader board.
(c) In no event shall the percentage of sign area occupied by reader board exceed
50%.
Sign Regulations - 110
(d) The reader board portion shall be architecturally incorporated into the overall design of the sign.
(e) No such sign shall be considered to be architecturally incorporated unless the reader board is contiguous to the remainder of the sign face and is bounded by the same or similar framework.
(3) The electronic message shall:
(a) Not change in increments of less than five seconds; (b) Not use flashing or blinking characters; and
(c) Not utilize streaming video. (4) Electronic reader boards shall be set back a minimum of 25 feet from an intersection (i.e. where right-of-way lines intersect) if the intersection contains a traffic signal. If
the reader board is located less than 25 feet from an intersection, it shall be set back
a minimum of ten feet from all right-of-way lines. (5) Electronic reader boards may not display light of such intensity or brilliance to cause glare or otherwise impair the vision of a driver, or results in a nuisance to the driver.
Brightness on such signs shall not exceed 0.3-foot candles above ambient light as
measured using a foot candle (lux) meter at a distance of one hundred feet from the sign. (6) Prior to issuance of a sign permit, the applicant shall provide written certification
from the sign manufacturer that the light intensity has been factory pre-set not to
exceed 0.3-foot candles above ambient light as measured from one hundred feet from the display and that the intensity level is protected from manipulation by password-protected software or other method as deemed appropriate by the Planning Department.
27.22.080: Sign Area Allowances. The maximum sign area allowance for a particular property shall be calculated as per subsection (1) or (2) below unless otherwise specified in this Chapter. Sign area allowances shall only be applicable to developed properties and shall include all conforming and nonconforming signage for which permits have been issued per Section
27.22.170.
(1) Building Frontage Method. (See Figure 3) (a) When building frontage is less than 200 feet, the maximum sign area for the
property shall be as follows:
Sign Regulations - 111
ZONING CLASSIFICATION MAXIMUM SIGN AREA
B-2, B-3, B-4, B-5, I-1 and I-2 3 square feet per lineal foot of building frontage length
R-5, RA-1, RA-2, B-1 and P-1 2 square feet per lineal foot of building frontage length
R-1, R-2, R-3 and R-4 1 square foot per lineal foot of building
frontage length
H-1 See Section 27.22.120
(b) When building frontage exceeds 200 feet, the maximum sign area shall be
equal to the maximum sign area calculated under subsection (a) of this section
plus one square foot for each additional lineal foot of frontage beyond 200 feet. (c) In the B-2, B-3, B-4, B-5, I-1 and 1-2 zones, shopping centers or lots
containing multiple businesses or where common signage is shared between
two or more adjacent lots, the calculation of allowable sign area shall be as per (a) and (b) above, except the square footage allowance increases to 3-1/2 square feet and 1-1/2 square feet, respectively, provided that a common signage plan is submitted and approved.
(d) The sign allowance shall be calculated on the basis of the length of the one building frontage which is most nearly parallel to the street it faces. In the event a building does not have frontage on a dedicated public street or has frontage on more than one street, the owner of a building may designate the
one building frontage which shall be used for the purpose of calculating the
sign allowance. (2) Lot Length Method. (See Figure 3)
(a) In lieu of using the length of building frontage as a means of calculating sign
area allowance, the calculation may be based on a ratio of one square foot of sign allowance for each lineal foot of lot frontage along a single public road. (b) The lot length method is not applicable in the R-1, R-2, R-3, and R-4 zoning
districts.
Sign Regulations - 112
Figure 3: Sign Area Allowance
Sign Regulations - 113
(3) Multi-faced Signs. All faces of a multi-sided sign shall be counted towards the maximum sign area allowance (for example, both sides of a double-sided, double-
faced freestanding sign are counted). Signs shall not exceed a 30-degree angle. (See Figure 4) Figure 4: Multi-Sided Signs
(4) Exception. Businesses having approved entrances from more than two collector
streets and/or arterial highways may submit a signage plan to the City Council for
their approval that exceeds the sign area allowable in this ordinance. A portion of the proposed signage may be off-premise provided the business property does not abut a third or fourth collector street or arterial highway and such off-premise signage does not direct traffic through a residential zone.
Sign Regulations - 114
27.22.090: Regulations for Specific Categories of Signs.
(1) Freestanding and Ground Signs. (a) The advertising display area per sign face shall not exceed 200 square feet except as otherwise permitted by Section 27.22.090(3).
(b) A single sign may be permitted on a lot having at least 30 feet of frontage along a public road except up to two signs may be permitted when the frontage of the lot along a single road exceeds 500 feet. Under this provision, a corner lot with frontage along two public roads is eligible for a sign along
each frontage, provided that the signs may not be located within the same
building setback area. (See Figure 5)
Sign Regulations - 115
Figure 5: Freestanding Signs – Corner Lots
(c) Signs shall be setback from any side property line a distance equal to the building setback in the given zoning district. This requirement does not apply
to side corner property lines. No sign shall be erected or extend over any
public right-of-way. (d) Heights, area, and front yard setbacks of freestanding signs in the B-2, B-3, B-4, B-5, I-1 and I-2 zones are established in the “Freestanding Sign
Standards” table below. The height, area and front yard setbacks of
freestanding signs in other districts are established under Sections 27.22.100, 27.22.110, and 27.22.120 of this ordinance. The setback shall be measured from each street right-of-way line adjacent to the property, and the lowest height and smallest size per face shall apply.
Freestanding Sign Standards
Distance from Street Right-Of-Way Line (Feet)
Maximum Height Above Grade (Feet) Maximum Size Allowed Per Face (Square Feet)
0-10 15 60 11-20 20 80 21-30 22 90 31-40 24 120 41-50 26 150 51 and greater 28 200
(e) Signs within 50 feet (measured along the street right-of-way) of an intersection, which exceed 42 inches in height, shall be set back at least 15 feet from the street right-of-way line or shall maintain free air space between a height of 42 inches above the adjacent street elevation and a height of 72
inches above said elevation. A freestanding sign shall not be construed to
Sign Regulations - 116
have free air space if such sign has a base which is greater than 50% of the width of its face or three feet wide, whichever is smaller. (Figure 6)
Figure 6: Freestanding Signs - Intersections
(f) Signs within an isosceles triangle having 10 feet along the right-of-way line
of an alley or along the edge line of a private drive/parking lot access and along (i) the inside line of the sidewalk, or (ii) if there is no sidewalk, the curb line, shall maintain free airspace between a height of 42 inches above the adjacent street elevation and a height of 72 inches above said elevation.
(Figure 7)
Figure 7: Freestanding Signs By Alleys or Driveways
(g) When electrical service is provided to freestanding signs or ground signs, all such electrical service shall be underground.
Sign Regulations - 117
(2) Wall Signs.
(a) No part of a wall sign shall extend above the top of the wall or parapet wall
upon which it is placed. If a sign extends over the roof line, it is allowed only if it is architecturally incorporated (matching colors/materials/ embellishments) into the façade of the building and mounted on a parapet wall or similar extension of an exterior wall, without any part of the sign
extending over the wall.
(b) On corner lots, the total allowable sign area allocated to wall signs along a single frontage shall be limited to the maximum sign area for that frontage. (See also Section 27.22.080, which allows the use of only one frontage for
purposes of the actual calculation of maximum sign area allowance for a
property). (c) Under-canopy/marquee signs which are parallel to the face of the building shall be deemed to be wall signs and are not subject to the 18 inch or less
extension requirements.
(d) On buildings with a building frontage of 200 feet or more along a single street and undulating architecture, signs which are attached to all or a portion of the wall of the building are not subject to the 18 inch or less extension
requirements provided the signs are parallel to the linear face of the building,
attached to all or a portion of the building wall at its outermost points, and comply with all other provisions related to wall signage. (3) Signs for Shopping Centers and/or Multiple Businesses.
(a) All signs of a shopping center and/or lot containing multiple businesses (more than one) shall be coordinated as to the number, mode of display, location, size, height, colors, finish materials, and illumination of each sign with the other signs and with the architecture of the building(s). A common signage
plan shall be required prior to issuing a sign permit. A common signage plan
can also be prepared for businesses on two or more adjoining lots. (b) A 25% increase in the maximum size allowed per face as set forth in Section 27.22.090(1)(d) shall apply to freestanding signs that are subject to a common
signage plan.
(c) Advertising for multiple businesses sharing a common zoning lot shall be incorporated into a single freestanding sign consistent with the provisions of 27.22.080(1)(c) and 27.22.090(1). Freestanding signs shall not be permitted
to any single business or tenant.
(4) Projecting Signs.
Sign Regulations - 118
(a) The sign shall be erected at right angles to the building face and be at least eight feet above grade.
(b) The maximum area per sign face shall not exceed 15 square feet. (c) Signs extending over a public right-of-way shall extend no closer than two feet from the curb of the street or beyond 48 inches, whichever is less.
(5) Marquee Signs. (a) No marquee sign shall project above the top of the marquee upon which it is mounted.
(b) No marquee sign shall project from the face of a marquee.
(c) Under-marquee signs, which are perpendicular to the face of the building, shall be deemed to be projecting wall signs.
(d) Under-marquee signs, which are parallel to the face of the building, shall be
a minimum of eight feet above grade and shall be deemed to be flush wall signs. (6) Canopy Signs.
(a) No canopy sign shall project above the top of the canopy upon which it is mounted. (b) No canopy sign shall project from the face of a canopy.
(c) Canopies on which canopy signs are mounted shall be at least eight feet above any public right-of-way, except that any valance attached to a canopy may be only seven feet in height above a public right-of-way. (Figure 8)
Figure 8: Canopy Signs
(7) Billboards.
Sign Regulations - 119
(a) No billboard shall exceed 288 square feet per sign face. The sign area shall
count towards the maximum sign area allowance for the property.
(b) No billboard structure shall exceed a maximum height of 28 feet. (c) Billboards shall be erected using single-pole construction.
(d) Billboards shall not utilize any changeable copy, streaming video, or any light-emitting surface. (e) No billboard may be constructed within 300 feet of any other billboard
located on the same side of the road right-of-way and facing the same traffic
flow. Distance shall be measured along the nearest edge of pavement of the road near whose right-of-way the sign is located. (f) No billboard may be constructed nearer the road right-of-way than the
applicable building setback requirement for the zone in which the billboard
is located. (g) No billboard shall be constructed along a road, which is not a federal or state highway (i.e. US Highways 2 and 93).
(h) In order that the total face area and number of faces of all lawful billboards within the city not be increased beyond the number of faces occurring on March 19, 1992, no billboard shall be constructed without first removing billboard(s) equal in face area and number of faces. In order to administer
this provision, the administrator shall issue a replacement permit to anyone
who permanently removes a lawfully existing billboard. The administrator shall note on the replacement permit the number of faces and face area, and the zoning district in which the sign was located, for every sign face removed. Replacement permits may be transferred. No billboard sign construction
permit shall be issued without a replacement permit which corresponds to the
number of sign faces to be replaced. The total number of billboard faces in the city limits of Kalispell shall not exceed 18 plus any billboards added though annexation as provided herein.
(i) Any billboard, except those subject to annexation as specified herein, located
within any zoning district in which billboards are prohibited were to be relocated at the billboard owner's expense to a zoning district which permits billboards by March 19, 1997, and billboards that were located within 1500 feet of the intersection of Main and Idaho streets were to be relocated by
March 19, 1994.
(j) Whenever a parcel of land containing any billboard is rezoned, or annexed and zoned, to a zone which does not allow billboards, the billboard or
Sign Regulations - 120
billboards shall be removed within seven years of the rezoning or, in the case of annexation, within seven years of the date upon which a city zoning
classification is imposed upon the annexed parcel; provided, that any
billboards removed pursuant to this subsection may be reinstalled within any of the permitted zones listed in Section 27.22.130, in accordance with subsection (h).
27.22.100: Permitted Signs in Zones R-1, R-2, R-3, and R-4.
(1) Signs listed in Section 27.22.050, Signs not requiring permits. (2) Non-residential Uses: Wall signs and one freestanding sign.
(3) Residential Uses: Home occupations and other residential uses are permitted one non-illuminated wall sign not to exceed six square feet. Day care centers are allowed signage equal to non-residential uses.
(4) The height of a freestanding sign shall be limited to six feet and the size shall be
limited to 24 square feet per face. 27.22.110: Permitted Signs in Zones R-5, RA-1, RA-2, B-1, and P-1.
(1) Signs listed in Section 27.22.050, Signs not requiring permits.
(2) One freestanding sign. The sign shall not exceed 24 square feet per sign face and the height shall not exceed six feet above natural grade, except for B-1 zone where the sign area shall be limited to 36 square feet per sign face and height shall not exceed
six feet above natural grade.
(3) Wall signs, canopy signs, and marquee signs. (4) Home occupations are limited to one non-illuminated wall sign not to exceed six
square feet.
27.22.120: Permitted Signs in Zone H-1 (1) Signs listed in Section 27.22.050 - Signs not requiring permits.
(2) Non-residential uses, other than hospitals, are permitted one freestanding sign and one wall, marquee or canopy sign per developed lot. The sign area for a freestanding or ground sign shall not exceed 24 square feet per sign face and the height shall not exceed six feet above natural grade. Walls signs shall not exceed
20 square feet per use.
Sign Regulations - 121
(3) An entrance sign shall be permitted at all parking lot entrances to a hospital facility or complex provided the sign does not block the visibility of incoming or outgoing
vehicles. The sign shall not exceed 14 square feet per face nor six feet in height.
(4) Up to three signs may be permitted in association with a hospital complex and may be freestanding, marquee (canopy) or wall signs. Allowable sign area shall not exceed 70 square feet per face nor six feet in height and will be subject to Section
27.22.090(1)(d).
(5) Not more than two off-premise signs may be permitted at primary hospital entrance roads to provide direction to a hospital facility from a major arterial. One sign shall be permitted per intersection entrance. Each sign shall not exceed 54 square feet
per face nor 12 feet in height. Off-premise hospital signs will be allowed on
developed or undeveloped property and will not be counted as part of the sign type or allowance permitted for that parcel. (6) One non-illuminated wall sign not to exceed six square feet in connection with a
home occupation.
27.22.130: Permitted Signs in Zones B-2, B-3, B-4, B-5, I-1, and I-2. (1) Signs listed in Section 27.22.050, Signs not requiring permits.
(2) Freestanding and ground signs. (3) Wall signs.
(4) Projecting signs, except on Main Street between Center Street and 8th Street.
Projecting signs in that area are permitted provided they meet the following: (a) Only externally lit signs are allowed, subject to the outdoor lighting regulations;
(b) No reader boards are allowed; (c) A maximum area of nine square feet is allowed, or a maximum of 15 square feet if the lowest part of the sign is at least 15 feet above grade and meets a
higher artistic standard under architectural review, including a maximum of
25% of the sign area being text, colors coordinating with those on the building, and other elements as determined by the Architectural Review Committee; and
(d) The sign otherwise meets the standards for projecting signs.
(5) Freestanding multiple business sign.
Sign Regulations - 122
(6) Canopy signs.
(7) Marquee signs.
(8) Off-premise signs, except in zoning classification B-4 when the location and size complies with all other provisions of this Chapter.
(9) Billboards, except: (a) in zoning classifications B-3, B-4 and B-5; and (b) not within
1500 feet of the intersection of Main and Idaho streets. 27.22.140: Construction Standards.
(1) All signs, except for under-canopy signs, shall be braced or secured to prevent
motion. (2) All freestanding signs and billboards shall be self-supporting structures utilizing permanent foundations.
(3) Permanent signs shall be designed to withstand a wind speed of 70 miles per hour. (4) No signs shall be erected, constructed, or maintained so as to obstruct any fire escape, required exit, window or door opening used as a means of egress.
(5) No sign shall be attached in any form, shape, or manner which will interfere with any opening required for ventilation. (6) Signs shall be located in such a way as to maintain horizontal or vertical clearance
of all overhead electrical conductors. In no case shall a sign be installed closer than
24 inches horizontally or vertically from any conductor or public utility guy wire. 27.22.150: Maintenance. All signs shall be maintained in good condition at all times. All signs shall be kept neatly painted, including all metal parts and supports thereof that are not galvanized
or of rust-resistant metals. Failure to properly maintain a sign shall be considered a violation
of this ordinance. 27.22.160: Sign Permit. It shall be unlawful to display, erect, relocate, or alter any sign without first filing with the Zoning Administrator an application in writing and obtaining a sign permit
except as otherwise exempted as per Section 27.22.050.
(1) Application. Application for a permit for the erection, alteration, or relocation of a sign shall be made to the administrator upon a form provided by the administrator and shall include the information listed below.
(a) Name and address of the owner of the sign.
Sign Regulations - 123
(b) Street address or location of the property on which the sign is to be located, along with the name and address of the property owner.
(c) The type of sign or sign structure as defined in this chapter. (d) A site plan showing the proposed location of the sign along with the locations and square footage areas of all existing signs on the same premises.
(e) Specifications and scale drawings showing the materials, design, dimensions, structural supports, and electrical components of the proposed sign. (f) Length of the lot frontage and building frontage.
(g) Location of ingress/egress and overhead wires. (h) Any other information that may be deemed necessary for purposes of clarification.
(i) The fee established by the City Council. (2) Architectural Review. Signs are subject to the architectural review requirements as set forth in Chapter 27.21. Wall signs and groupings of wall signs less than 50 square
feet in size are exempted from review.
(3) Issuance and Denial. The Zoning Administrator shall issue a permit and permit sticker for the erection, alteration, or relocation of a sign provided that the sign complies with the laws of all applicable jurisdictions.
(a) In all applications, where a matter of interpretation arises, the more specific definition or higher standard shall prevail. (b) The Zoning Administrator may suspend or revoke an issued permit for any
false statement or substantive misrepresentation of fact in the application.
(4) Inspection. The Zoning Administrator shall inspect each sign for which a permit is issued during the sixth month after the issuance of such permit or at such earlier date as the owner may request. If the construction is not substantially complete within six
months of the date the permit is issued, the permit shall lapse and become void.
27.22.170: Nonconforming Signs and Signs Without Permits. Existing signs that do not conform to the provisions of these regulations but were legally in place prior to the adoption or application of this ordinance, are considered non-conforming. All non-conforming signs
shall be removed or brought into compliance with these regulations as follows:
Sign Regulations - 124
(1) Electronic message boards or signs that blink, flash or change copy in less than five second increments or do not display time and temperature shall be brought into
compliance with regard to displayed messages within one year. (2) Signs, on and off-premise, that have been damaged by fire, wind, or other involuntary causes, except in the case of vandalism, in excess of 50% of current or replacement cost shall be brought into compliance immediately upon replacement. In the case of
vandalism, a sign may be restored to original condition if done within six months. (3) Signs, on and off-premise, which are voluntarily destroyed or removed (except for maintenance not involving structural modification), shall be brought into compliance immediately upon replacement.
(4) Discontinued freestanding signs shall be brought into compliance immediately unless part of a multi-panel sign, subject to Section 27.22.170(7). (5) Signs which were unlawfully erected shall be brought into compliance immediately.
(6) Signs that are replaced, relocated, reconstructed, or requiring structural modification, including modifications to accommodate a change of copy, shall be brought into compliance immediately.
(7) Freestanding signs containing removable or replaceable panels shall be brought into
compliance when a cumulative total of more than 50% of the sign area or sign panels are replaced or modified. (8) In the event additional right-of-way is purchased by a government agency, any
affected sign that must relocate due to the increased right-of-way shall be brought
into compliance when replaced. (9) Non-conforming status for signs that blink, rotate, flash, or animate ended on March 19, 1993.
27.22.180 Exemption for Historic Signs. Notwithstanding the general and specific provisions of this chapter, certain nonconforming signs that are deemed to have historical significance may be retained, preserved, or restored. If there is a question regarding the historical significance of a sign, it will be subject to review and approval by the Architectural Review Committee who
shall consider the following criteria: (1) The sign demonstrates characteristics of style, function, method of construction, workmanship, design, or materials that gives the sign its historic identity and associate it with a specific place, time, or cultural pattern.
(2) The sign is an integral part of the original architecture and has an association with the building.
Sign Regulations - 125
(3) The sign is at least 30 years old. If less than 30 years, then a finding of exceptional importance of historical significance shall be made.
27.22.190: Violations. Any of the following shall be a violation of this ordinance and shall be subject to the enforcement remedies and penalties provided by this ordinance, by city code, and by state law. Each sign installed, created, erected, or maintained in violation of this ordinance shall be considered a separate violation when applying the penalty portions of this ordinance.
(1) To install, create, erect, or maintain any sign in a way that is inconsistent with any plan or permit governing such sign or the zone lot on which the sign is located; (2) To install, create, erect, or maintain any sign requiring a permit without such a
permit;
(3) To fail to remove any sign that is installed, created, erected, or maintained in violation of this ordinance, or for which the sign permit has lapsed; or
(4) To continue any such violation. Each such day of a continued violation shall be
considered a separate violation when applying the penalty portions of this ordinance. 27.22.200: Enforcement and Remedies. Any violation or attempted violation of this chapter or of any condition or requirement adopted pursuant hereto may be restrained, corrected, or abated, as
the case may be, by injunction or other appropriate proceedings pursuant to state law. The
remedies of the city shall include the following: (1) Issuing a stop-work order for any and all work on any signs on the same zone lot;
(2) Seeking an injunction or other order of restraint or abatement that requires the
removal of the sign(s) or the correction of the nonconformity; (3) Imposing any penalties that can be imposed directly by the city under the zoning ordinance;
(4) Seeking in court the imposition of any penalties that can be imposed by such court under the zoning ordinance; and (5) In the case of a sign that poses an immediate danger to the public health or safety,
taking such measures as are available to the city under the applicable provisions of
the zoning ordinance and building code for such circumstances. The city shall have such other remedies as are and as may from time to time be provided for or allowed by state law for the violation of the zoning ordinance.
All such remedies provided herein shall be cumulative. To the extent that state law may limit the availability of a particular remedy set forth herein for a certain violation or a part thereof, such remedy shall remain available for other violations or other parts of the same violation.
Sign Regulations - 126
27.22.210: Removal of Signs by the Administrator. The Zoning Administrator may cause the
removal of an illegal sign in cases of emergency (health and safety), or for failure to comply
with the written orders of removal or repair. After removal or demolition of the sign, a notice shall be mailed to the sign owner stating the nature of the work and the date on which it was performed and demanding payment of the costs as certified by the Zoning Administrator together with an additional ten percent for inspection and incidental costs.
If the amount specified in the notice is not paid within 60 days of the notice, it shall become a lien against the property of the sign owner and will be certified as an assessment against the property together with a 10% penalty for collection in the same manner as the real estate taxes.
The owner of the property upon which the sign is located shall be presumed to be the owner of all signs thereon unless facts to the contrary are brought to the attention of the administrator, as in the case of a leased sign.
For purposes of removal, the definition of sign shall include all sign embellishments and
structures designed specifically to support the sign. 27.22.220: Appeals and Variances. Appeals and variances may be filed pursuant to Chapters 27.31
and 27.32.
Non Conforming Lots, Uses and Structures - 127
CHAPTER 27.23 NONCONFORMING LOTS, USES AND STRUCTURES
Sections: 27.23.010 Intent 27.23.020 Nonconforming Structures
27.23.030 Nonconforming Uses 27.23.040 Nonconforming Accessory Uses and Structures 27.23.050 Changes to Historically Significant Residential Structures 27.23.060 Reconstruction
27.23.010: Intent. It is the intent of this chapter to permit nonconformities which were lawful before
the adoption of this code to continue until they are removed. It is further the intent of this chapter that nonconformities shall not, unless otherwise permitted by this chapter, be enlarged upon or expanded, or be used as grounds for adding other structures or uses prohibited elsewhere in the same district.
Nonconforming uses are declared by this chapter to be incompatible with permitted uses in the district involved. However, to avoid undue hardship, nothing in this chapter shall be deemed to require a change in the plans, construction, or designated use of any building on which actual construction was lawfully begun prior to the effective date of adoption or
amendment to this title and which actual building construction has been carried on diligently.
A change of tenancy, ownership, or management of any legally existing nonconforming use is allowed. 27.23.020: Nonconforming Structures. If a structure was lawfully constructed (conforming to zoning
regulations then in effect) prior to the effective date of adoption or amendment of this code
and does not conform with the current standards of this code, the structure may remain as long as it remains otherwise lawful and subject to other conditions set forth herein. (1) Should such structure be moved for any reason for any distance whatever, it shall
thereafter conform to the regulations for the district in which it is located after it is
moved. (2) Changes to Nonconforming Structures. A structure conforming with respect to use but nonconforming with respect to other standards may be enlarged or altered
provided that the enlargement or alteration does not further deviate from these
regulations. For example, an extension, whether horizontal along a property line or vertical with additional height, of a structure within a setback area creates a further deviation beyond the existing nonconformity. Enlargements or alterations of nonconforming structures up to 50% of the length and/or height of the existing
nonconformity may be allowed subject to an administrative conditional use permit.
Non Conforming Lots, Uses and Structures - 128
(3) Repairs and Maintenance.
(a) On any nonconforming structure, work may be done on ordinary repairs,
maintenance, and remodeling to an extent not exceeding 25% of the replacement value of the building in any one year, except as provided for in Section 27.20.082 relating to accessory dwelling units. The repair or replacement of bearing walls and foundations is permitted.
(b) Nothing in this chapter shall be deemed to prevent the strengthening or restoring to a safe condition of any building or portion thereof declared to be unsafe by any official charged with protecting the public safety, upon order of such official. Such work may exceed 25% of the replacement value of the
building in any one year.
27.23.030 Nonconforming Uses. If the lawful use of a structure or land was established prior to the effective date of adoption or amendment of this code (conforming to zoning regulations then in effect) and does not conform with the current standards of this code, the use may continue
as long as it remains otherwise lawful and subject to other conditions set forth herein. Any
ambiguity or uncertainty as to whether a nonconforming use is allowed or whether the use was allowed when it commenced is to be interpreted in favor of the nonconforming use. (1) Any structure, or structure and land, in or on which a nonconforming use is
superseded by a permitted use shall thereafter conform to the regulations of the
district in which it is located and the nonconforming use may not thereafter be resumed. (2) The removal or destruction of a structure containing a nonconforming use shall
eliminate the nonconforming status of the use.
(3) If both a structure and land are nonconforming, the removal or destruction of the structure shall eliminate the nonconforming status of the land.
(4) Whenever a nonconforming use of a structure or a premise is abandoned for 180
days, the structure or land shall not thereafter be used except in conformance with the regulations of the district in which it is located. (5) A structure devoted to a nonconforming use may only be enlarged, extended,
constructed or structurally altered, and a use of land devoted to a nonconforming use
may only be enlarged or extended, if a conditional use permit is obtained. (a) Any change(s) allowed by such permit(s) is/are limited to a cumulative increase of 50% in the area devoted to the nonconforming use. The allowable
increase shall apply to each of the following:
1. The gross square footage of land occupied by the use;
Non Conforming Lots, Uses and Structures - 129
2. The gross square footage of the footprint of the structure(s); and
3. The gross square footage of the floor area of the structure(s).
(b) Whenever the expansion of a nonconforming use involves a cumulative increase of 25% or less of the area devoted to the nonconforming use, an administrative conditional use permit shall be required.
(c) A conditional use permit shall be obtained for any expansion involving an increase of more than 25%, but less than or equal to 50%. 27.23.040: Nonconforming Accessory Uses and Structures. No use or structure which is accessory
to a principal nonconforming use or structure shall continue after such principal use or
structure shall have ceased or terminated unless such accessory use or structure shall thereafter conform to all the regulations of the zoning district in which it is located. Nonconforming signage shall be further regulated by Section 27.22.170 of this ordinance.
27.23.050: Changes to Historically Significant Residential Structures. Modifications to existing
historically significant residential structures that may be eligible or are on the historical registry will be allowed to encroach into the setback area established for the district in which they are located if:
(1) The purpose of the modification is to regain the historical integrity of the building;
and (2) The proposed modifications, alterations, additions, or other changes are reviewed and approved by the Architectural Review Committee.
27.23.060: Reconstruction. (1) A nonconforming building, structure or use upon the land having been wholly or partially damaged or destroyed by fire or other calamity may be reconstructed,
provided that:
(a) The process of reconstruction is commenced within 180 days of the date of destruction.
(b) Any reconstruction must be completed without unreasonable delay.
(c) This provision shall not exempt the structure or use from other applicable regulations, nor does it allow the replacement of structures or uses that were willfully demolished, destroyed, or removed.
(2) If reconstruction has not commenced within 180 days, the property, building and structure or use upon the land shall not thereafter be occupied, except by a use which is permitted in the district in which it is located.
Off-Street Parking Design Standards - 130
CHAPTER 27.24 OFF-STREET PARKING DESIGN STANDARDS
Sections: 27.24.010 Intent 27.24.020 Required Parking for New Construction, Expansions, and Change of Use
27.24.030 Design 27.24.040 Special Provisions 27.24.050 Minimum Standards By Use 27.24.010: Intent. The intent of this section is to reduce traffic congestion and the need for parking on
public streets and to provide off-street parking adequate for each type of development in
terms of quantity, location, and design. This chapter is also intended to help avoid the negative impacts associated with excess off-street parking requirements in the downtown and in adjacent neighborhoods.
27.24.020: Required Parking for New Construction, Expansions, and Change of Use. No building
permit shall be issued within the city limits for the construction or enlargement of any building or structure nor shall said permits be issued for the change of use of any building or structure unless the requirements established by this ordinance regarding off-street parking are satisfied. Whenever any building is enlarged, off-street parking shall be provided
for said addition. Whenever a change of use is proposed for an existing building, additional
parking beyond the existing number of parking spaces shall not be required. 27.24.030: Design.
(1) Size. A parking space is typically nine (9) feet wide and twenty (20) feet deep (See
Appendix A for minimum parking lot requirements). In cases where stacking spaces are required or otherwise provided, each stacking space shall be a minimum of nine (9) feet wide and twenty (20) feet deep.
(2) Location. Off-street parking lots shall be located as hereinafter specified. When a
distance is specified, such distance shall be in walking distance measured from the nearest point of the parking lot to the nearest point of the building that such facility is required to serve. Parking lots, including both spaces and maneuvering area(s), shall be located entirely outside of a public and/or private right-of-way, except single
family residential and duplexes, which may utilize driveways as a maneuvering area
provided that the parking for separate units within a duplex does not conflict. For any use other than single family residential and duplexes, parking spaces which back into an alley shall be set back ten (10) feet from the alley right-of-way line.
(a) For single family, duplex, and multifamily residential dwellings: Off-street
parking is required on the same lot with the building it is required to serve.
Off-Street Parking Design Standards - 131
(b) For all other uses not herein specified: Off-street parking is required within 300 feet from the zoning lot it is required to serve and must be located within
the same zoning classification as the use intended to be served.
Noncontiguous lots shall not be used for off-street parking in the R and RA zoning districts. See section 27.24.040(3) regarding requirements for off-site parking.
(c) Parking shall not be located in any required front, side corner, or side yard,
except one off-street parking space for each single family residential use, or one space for each unit within a duplex, may fall into the front yard or side corner yard setback. In addition, multi-family dwelling units not served by an alley may place one off-street parking space per dwelling unit in the required
front yard setback area. No parking space in the front or side corner yard shall
extend to within five feet of the property line (except that parking spaces associated with single family residences or duplexes do not have a required setback, provided that the full 20 foot length of the parking space is located entirely outside of the right-of-way).
Figure 9: Parking Lots
(d) Parking spaces may be allowed to locate within the front and side yard setbacks in the following sections:
1. In R-5 and RA-2 zones:
Off-Street Parking Design Standards - 132
a. Parking spaces shall be setback ten feet from the front lot line
and five feet of the side corner lot line.
b. Any parking space located within a required front or side corner building setback area shall have a landscape buffer between the parking space and the lot line. (Figure 9)
c. Parking spaces are allowed in the side yard setback as long as a sight obscuring fence is constructed along the side lot line obscuring the presence of the parked vehicles to the extent fencing is otherwise permitted under this ordinance. This
requirement may be waived where this property abuts an
existing parking lot. (Note: When a designated parking lot abuts a residentially zoned property other than the R-5 or RA-2 zones, the side yard abutting the residential zone may not be used for parking.)
2. In B-1, B-2, B-3, B-4, B-5, H-1, I-1, I-2, and P-1 zones: a. Parking spaces shall be setback five feet from the front and side corner lot line.
b. Any parking space located within a required front or side corner building setback area shall have a landscape buffer between the parking space and the lot line. In every case, a minimum five-foot landscape buffer is required regardless of
the building setback. (Figure 9)
c. Parking spaces are allowed in the side yard setback as long as a sight obscuring fence or landscaping is constructed along the side lot line obscuring the presence of the parked vehicles to
the extent fencing is otherwise permitted under this ordinance.
The requirement may be waived where property abuts an existing parking lot. (Note: When a designated parking lot abuts a residentially zoned property other than the R-5 or RA-2 zones, the side yard abutting the residential zone may not be
used for parking.)
(e) Location of parking spaces within a lot are subject to clear vision triangle requirements. (Figure 9)
(3) Plans. A plan of the proposed off-street parking lot shall be submitted along with
the application for the building permit for the use the off-street parking is required to serve. Said plan shall clearly indicate curb cuts, lighting, landscaping, construction details, fencing, striping, surfacing materials, pedestrian circulation, snow storage
Off-Street Parking Design Standards - 133
areas and other features which may be required by the Zoning Administrator or the Site Development Review Committee.
When off-street parking spaces are required, the parking lot shall be designed in accordance to the standards of Figure 1, Appendix A. (a) All traffic control devices such as parking stripes, directional arrows, wheel
stops, curbs and other developments shall be installed and completed as
shown on the approved plans. (b) Upon review of any permit application with the city involving existing structures, the parking area design of the affected use shall be reviewed to
gain substantial compliance with these regulations.
(c) For driveways and driving aisles where parking spaces do not back into the driving lane, the minimum dimensions are as follows:
1. Single-family and duplex: 10 feet wide and shall not be located
within a side setback area. 2. Multi-family: 10 feet per lane (10 feet for one-way aisles and 20 feet for two-way aisles)
3. Other uses: 12 feet per lane (12 feet for one-way aisles and 24 feet for two-way aisles) (4) Construction. All off-street parking lots and associated access areas shall be
improved with asphalt or concrete or a comparable permanent hard surface.
(5) Drainage. All off-street parking lots shall be designed and constructed to allow proper drainage in accordance with and subject to public works procedures and standards.
(6) Landscaping and Screening. All parking lots (excluding single family residences and duplexes) shall meet the following conditions. Any landscaping is subject to clear vision triangle requirements. See also: required landscape buffer requirements listed in section in 27.24.030(2)(d).
(a) A minimum of 5% of the total interior parking lot area (excluding any landscape buffer) shall be landscaped for any parking lot with ten (10) or more spaces.
(b) The perimeter landscape buffer along a street shall consist of planting
materials or planting materials and man-made features to create a visual relief in the form of a hedge, fence, planter box, berm, dividers, shrubbery, grass or trees, or a combination of the above. Perimeter landscaping shall not include
Off-Street Parking Design Standards - 134
round river rocks, gravel, or similar non-vegetative treatments. Perimeter landscaping adjoining a landscaped boulevard shall be designed in
cooperation with the city parks director.
(c) A performance bond may be required to ensure compliance with this section and to cover maintenance for a period not to exceed one year after time of planting. (Figure 9)
(7) Lighting. Any lights provided to illuminate any public or private parking lot shall be designed in accordance with the Outdoor Lighting Standards contained in Chapter 27.26 of these regulations.
27.24.040: Special Provisions.
(1) Nonconforming Uses. Nothing in this ordinance shall be deemed to prevent the voluntary establishment of off-street parking lots to serve any existing use of land or buildings even though nonconforming; provided, that all regulations herein
governing the location, design, and operation of such facilities are adhered to.
(2) Mixed Occupancies. In the case of mixed uses, the total requirements for the various uses shall be computed separately. Where a lot contains one or more buildings containing three or more separate commercial businesses developed and
managed as a unit, the parking ratio for “Shopping Center” may be applied to the
property as a whole. (3) Off-Street Parking and Joint Use. The Zoning Administrator may authorize off-site parking facilities for the following uses or activities under conditions specified:
(a) Off-Site Parking. Off-site parking lots are typically off-site lots utilized solely for parking by the lot being served. The off-site parking lot must abut a public or private street or alley and shall be owned or leased by the owner or lessee of the lot being served. Such parking lot shall have a recorded land
covenant and easement which requires such land to be maintained as a
parking lot so long as the building and/or use served is in operation or until another suitable parking area is established to the satisfaction of the Zoning Administrator. Off-site parking lots may also be developed as shared parking lots with another use provided that both the lot being served and the lot where
the parking is located satisfy the minimum number of required parking
spaces.
(b) Joint Use.
1. Up to 50% of the parking spaces required by this ordinance for primarily “nighttime” uses such as theaters, bowling alleys, bars,
Off-Street Parking Design Standards - 135
restaurants, and related uses, may be supplied by certain other types of buildings or uses herein referred to as “daytime” uses such as
banks, offices, retail and personal service shops, clothing, food,
furniture, manufacturing or wholesale and related uses. 2. Up to 50% of the parking spaces required by this ordinance for primarily “daytime” uses may be supplied by primarily “nighttime”
uses.
3. Up to 100% of the parking spaces required by this ordinance for a church building or for an assembly facility incidental to a public or private school, may be supplied by the off-street parking lots provided
by uses primarily of a “daytime” nature.
(c) Conditions Required for Joint Use. The building or use for which application is being made to utilize the off-street parking lot provided by another building or use shall be located within 300 feet of such parking lot in
addition to which:
1. The applicant shall show that there is no substantial conflict in the principal operating hours of the two buildings or uses for which joint use of off-street parking lot is proposed: and
2. The applicant shall present to the Zoning Administrator a properly drawn legal instrument to be recorded with the county clerk and recorder, executed by the parties concerned for joint use of off-street parking facilities and approved as to form and manner of execution
by the city attorney; such instrument to be filed with the Zoning
Administrator. (4) Access Standards. Access to businesses, service stations, roadside stands, public parking lots and all other businesses requiring motor vehicle access shall meet the
requirements as hereinafter provided or as prescribed by the State of Montana
pursuant to the Approach Standards for Montana Highways (whichever requirements are greater). (a) Fences, walls, landscaping, or other obstructions to view which are higher
than 30 inches (measured from the level of the established top-of-street curb
grade or, if there is no curb, the adjacent street level) shall not be located in any area within the isosceles triangle having sides of 10 feet along the edge of a private drive/parking lot access and along (i) the inside edge of the sidewalk, or (ii) if there is no sidewalk, the curb line.
(b) Access onto public rights-of-way shall be controlled and be limited to no more than two approaches per 100 feet.
Off-Street Parking Design Standards - 136
(c) Parking lots and driveways serving three or more dwelling units and all other uses shall be arranged to permit vehicular traffic to move into and out of
parking lots, driveways, and ramps without the backing of any vehicle onto a
street or highway. (d) Parking lots, driveways, maneuvering aisles, ramps, and turnaround areas shall be kept free and clear of obstructions at all times.
(e) In all cases where there is an existing curb and gutter or sidewalk on the street, the applicant for a permit shall provide a safety island (boulevard) along the entire frontage of the property, except in the area of the permitted driveways if required by the Site Development Review Committee. The boulevard shall
be bounded by concrete curb, the height, location, and structural
specifications of which shall be approved by the Site Development Review Committee. (f) Where there is no existing curb and gutter or sidewalk, the applicant shall
install such curb, gutter, and sidewalk and, except for the driveways, shall
install a landscaped boulevard along the entire length of the property line if required by the Site Development Review Committee. (g) No two driveway/access roadways shall be closer to each other than 12 feet
on the same parcel, and no roadway shall be closer to a side property line than
two feet. (5) Handicapped Parking Spaces. The required number of handicapped parking spaces with the required dimensions shall be provided pursuant to federal law.
(6) Parking Districts: See (Figure 10) for parking district maps. (a) Parking District No. 1. (Figure 10)
1. The following permitted or conditionally permitted uses on properties
zoned R or RA located within Parking District No. 1 shall have the minimum number of off-street parking spaces required under section 27.24.050 reduced by 50%:
-Banks
-Barber and beauty services -Church -Community center -Day care center
-Mortuaries
-Office-professional/governmental -Schools-commercial -Schools K-8
Off-Street Parking Design Standards - 137
(b) Special Parking Maintenance District No. 2. (Figure 10) 1. No additional off-street parking is required for a change of use within this district.
2. Off-street parking for uses listed in Parking District No. 1 and
potential reductions thereof shall also apply to this district. 3. New construction and additions to existing buildings shall provide the following off-street parking spaces (in no case shall more parking be
required than is otherwise provided for under this chapter):
a. One parking space for every 400 square feet of gross floor area.
(c) Parking District No. 3 (Downtown). Property located within Parking
District No. 3 is not required to provide any off-street parking. (Figure 10) (d) B-3 (Core Area – Business). Property located in the B-3 zone shall have the minimum number of off-street parking spaces required under section
27.24.050 reduced by 50%.
Off-Street Parking Design Standards - 138
Figure 10: Parking Districts
Off-Street Parking Design Standards - 139
Figure 10: Continued
Off-Street Parking Design Standards - 140
(7) Reductions. The number of required parking spaces may be reduced by one parking space for every bicycle rack (space for minimum of five bicycles) provided on the
lot, up to a total five (5) percent reduction.
(8) Administrative Adjustments. Administrative adjustments for parking setbacks and minimum number of required parking spaces are provided for in the chapter relating to administrative adjustments. See Chapter 27.35.
27.24.050: Minimum Standards By Use. (1) Required parking spaces shall be in conformance with this section. Nothing in this section restricts a property owner, developer, or builder from providing more parking
spaces than the minimum required;
(2) Where alternative standards prevail, the greater applies in conflicting computations; (3) Where the total quota results in a fraction, the number of required spaces shall be
rounded to the nearest whole number (greater than zero).
(4) In the case of a use not specifically mentioned below, the requirements for off-street parking facilities shall be determined by the Zoning Administrator and shall be based upon the requirements for the most similar use listed.
(5) Parking spaces within a structure, such as carports, garages, and parking garages, shall apply toward the total parking space requirement. (6) Where a calculation is based on gross floor area of a structure, a basement or crawl
space shall be included in gross floor area if:
(a) The area has a clearance of seven (7) feet or more; (b) There is at least one (1) code compliant access; and (c) There is a hard floor surface such as steel, wood, or concrete.
(7) The following table provides minimum parking standards by use: Minimum Parking Standards By Use
Athletic Clubs:
1 space per 200 gross square feet of floor area.
Auditoriums, Convention Facilities and Assembly Halls:
1 space per 4 fixed seats or 1 space per 40 square feet of gross floor area used for assembly purposes, whichever is greater.
Banks: 1 space per 300 square feet of gross floor area plus 4 spaces off-street waiting (loading) spaces per drive-in lane (2 stacking spaces per drive-up ATM).
Off-Street Parking Design Standards - 141
Beauty and Barber Shops: 2 spaces per operator.
Bowling Alleys: 4 spaces per alley.
Business and Professional Offices:
1 space per 300 square feet gross floor area.
Cemetery: 1 space per employee. Churches: 1 per 5 seats or 90 lineal inches of pew or 40 square feet of gross floor area in the largest assembly area.
Commercial or Trade School: 1 space per 3 students, plus 1 space per employee (including faculty) at capacity class attendance period. Community and Recreation Center: 1 space per 250 square feet of gross floor area or 1 space per 4 patrons to the maximum capacity, plus 1
space per employee on the largest shift. Convenience Grocery:
1 space per 300 square feet of gross floor area, plus 1 space per gas pump located at the pump.
Day Care Home, Day Care Center, Group Day Care Home or Nursery School:
1 space for teacher/employee plus 1 loading space per
six students with a maximum of 2 loading spaces to be provided on the street adjacent to the property where the facilities are located. No parking is required for child care facilities licensed or registered by the Montana Department of Public Health and Human Services. Furniture, Appliance, Hardware Stores:
1 per 600 square feet gross floor area.
Golf Courses: 3 spaces per hole of main course, plus 1 space per tee
for the driving range. Grocery and Supermarkets: 1 space per 300 square feet of gross floor area. Hospitals:
1 per 2 beds, excluding bassinets, plus 1 per 5 employees on maximum working shift, plus 1 per each staff doctor. Hotels, Motels: 1 per sleeping room plus 1 per each 2 employees, plus 50% of the parking required for accessory
restaurants, bars, and convention facilities. Libraries, Museums and Art Galleries:
1 per each 500 square feet gross floor area.
Manufacturing Uses, Research Testing and Processing, 1 per 1000 square feet gross floor area.
Off-Street Parking Design Standards - 142
Assembling all Industries, Wholesale Business (no outlet sales):
Marijuana cultivation, dispensaries, and manufacturing
Dispensaries: 1 per 300 square feet gross floor area. Cultivation and manufacturing: 1 per 1000 square feet gross floor area. Mortuaries: 1 per 5 seats or 90 lineal inches of pew or 40 square feet of gross floor area used for assembly purposes. Nursery and Landscaping Supply Uses: 1 space per 300 square feet of gross floor area of inside sales or display.
Private Clubs and Lodges: 1 space per 100 gross square feet. Recreation Areas (Commercial): Less than 75,000 square feet of gross area – none required; more than 75,000 square feet or containing a structure with 800 square feet or more of gross floor
area – 1 space per 10,000 square feet of gross area or 1 space per 1,000 square feet of gross floor area in the structure, whichever is greater.
Recreational Vehicle Park: 1.5 spaces per each recreational vehicle site, plus 1 space per employee on the largest shift.
Repair Services: 1 space per 300 square feet of gross floor area.
Residential:
Single Family Residence, Accessory Single Family, Duplex, and Multifamily Units Over 1200 square feet: 1space per unit.
Single Family Residence, Accessory Single Family, Duplex and Multifamily Units Under 1200 square feet: No parking required. Deed Restricted Affordable Housing: No parking required.
Bed and Breakfast: 2 spaces plus .5 per sleeping room. Rooming Houses and Dormitories: Minimum of 1 space per sleeping room. Shelters, Public and Private: 1 space per 5 occupants.
Off-Street Parking Design Standards - 143
Convalescent or Nursing Homes for Aged, Disabled or Handicapped: 1 space per 8 beds plus 1 space per employee/maximum shift.
Assisted LivingFacilities: No parking required.
Restaurants and Bars: If less than 4,000 square feet floor area: 1 per 100 square feet gross floor area. If over 4,000 square feet floor area: 40 + 1 per 200 square feet gross floor area in excess of 4,000 square feet. Drive-through facilities require 4 stacking spaces per drive-through lane (espresso stands require 3 stacking spaces per window).
Retail: 1 per 300 square feet gross floor area. Schools, Elementary and Junior High: 1 per each employee plus 1 space per 2 classrooms plus either (i) 1 space per 4 fixed seats or (ii) 1 space
per 40 square feet of gross floor area in the largest assembly area, whichever is greater. Schools, High and Colleges: 1 space per 5 students plus 1 per each employee plus either (1) 1 space per 4 fixed seats or (ii) 1 space per 40 square feet of gross floor area in the largest assembly area, whichever is greater.
Shopping Center: 1 space per 250 square feet of gross floor area.
Skating Rank, Ice or Roller: 1 space per 300 square feet of gross floor area.
Stadiums, Sport Areas and Similar Open Assemblies: 1 per 8 seats plus 1 space per 100 square feet of assembly space.
Swimming Facility: 1 space per 75 square feet of gross water area, plus 1 space per employee on the largest shift.
Theaters: 1 per 4 seats. Vehicle Repair and Maintenance Services:
2 spaces per bay in addition to the bay.
Vehicle Sales and Service: 1 space per 1,500 square feet of gross floor area plus
parking required for repair and maintenance services. Veterinary Clinic, Pound, Shelter, Commercial Kennel:
1 space per 400 square feet of gross floor space.
Warehouse and Storage: 1 space per 2000 square feet of gross floor area for warehouses; 2 per manager’s office for storage unit.
Off-Street Loading Design Standards - 144
CHAPTER 27.25 OFF-STREET LOADING DESIGN STANDARDS
Sections: 27.25.010 Intent. The intent of this chapter is to reduce traffic hazards and congestion by providing off-street loading berths on the same lot as the building to be served by deliveries of goods
without adverse effects on adjacent properties.
27.25.020 Standards. (1) Off-street loading berths shall be provided on the same lot as the use they serve.
(2) No loading berth shall be located closer to a residentially zoned lot than 50 feet unless enclosed by a wall or solid fence, not less than six feet in height. (3) Each loading berth shall be designed with access to a public street or alley and so
designed as not to interfere with traffic movement.
(4) Each berth shall be at least 12 feet by 35 feet in size with a height clearance of 14 feet.
(5) Loading berths shall not be considered as off-street parking spaces.
(6) All or part of the required loading berths may be within buildings. (7) If more than one use is combined in one building, the fractional requirements for
each use shall be added together.
(8) In situations where loading berths are shared, the number of berths can be reduced as determined by the Zoning Administrator.
(9) Where uses are not specifically mentioned, the number of berths shall be determined
by the Zoning Administrator using as a guide the most similar use listed below. (10) Downtown Buildings in the Central Business District (B-4) without off-street loading berths may be changed from one permitted use to another permitted use without
compliance of this section.
27.25.030: Berths Required. Off-street loading berths shall be provided in accordance with the following schedule:
Required Loading Berth Standards
Off-Street Loading Design Standards - 145
Use
Gross Floor Area Square Feet
Number of Berths Required
Schools, Auditoriums, Meeting Halls
Restaurants Hotel, Retail, Grocery, Shopping Center or Office Building Industrial Plant, Manufacturing, or Wholesale Establishment
Over 20,000 – 50,000 50,000 – 300,000
Each Additional 300,000 Over 10,000 25,000 – 100,000 Each Additional 100,000 10,000 – 40,000 40,000 – 65-000 65,000 – 100,000
Each Additional 50,000
1 2
1 1 1 1 1 2 3
1
Outdoor Lighting Standards - 146
CHAPTER 27.26 OUTDOOR LIGHTING STANDARDS
Sections: 27.26.010 Intent 27.26.020 Applicability
27.26.030 General Standards 27.26.040 Specific Standards 27.26.050 Specific Uses 27.26.060 Procedure 27.26.070 Nonconforming Lighting
27.26.080 Figures 27.26.010: Intent. Light pollution obscures the night sky, a resource important to residents and visitors. Light trespass interferes with the quality of life and public safety of the community. Standards for outdoor lighting are intended to control artificial light from non-vehicular
sources that produce glare, light trespass, nuisance light and/or degrade the night sky. These
standards are intended to reduce and eliminate nuisance glare and light trespass from poorly placed, inappropriate, misaligned or improperly shielded light sources. It is the further intent of these standards to conserve energy and resources as well as to curtail and reverse the degradation of the night sky through the regulation of the type and use of outdoor lighting
while maintaining night-time safety, utility and security.
27.26.020: Applicability. All residential and commercial lighting whether on public or private property installed in the city limits of Kalispell shall comply with the requirements and specifications established with these regulations. Lighting within a public or private right-of-way is not
within the scope of these regulations.
27.26.030: General Standards: (1) All outdoor lighting, including the fixture, pole, and other supporting elements, shall
be designed to complement the overall architectural appearance of the site and
prevent excessive glare. (2) Low voltage landscape lighting will be allowed provided it is directed toward the object or building and does not leave the perimeter of the site or contribute to light
trespass.
(3) Nothing herein shall be deemed to prohibit the installation of minimum emergency lighting standards required by the applicable building and/or fire codes.
(4) When practical, timing mechanisms and photocells shall be used to reduce light
levels and conserve energy during non-operational hours.
Outdoor Lighting Standards - 147
(5) Mercury vapor lights are prohibited because of the poor color spectrum, light intensity and inefficient energy use. Low pressure or high-pressure sodium lights and
metal halide are encouraged rather than the use of fluorescent lights.
(6) Light fixtures or lamps shall be shielded in such a manner so that the light emitting surface is not visible and to direct incident rays away from all adjacent property.
(7) Any light fixture must be placed in such a manner so that no light emitting surface is
visible from any residential area or public/private roadway, walkway, trail or other public way when viewed at ground level. (8) Exposed bulbs used for ornamental purposes that do not exceed the equivalent of
fifteen (15) watts incandescent are exempted from shielding requirements.
27.26.040 Specific Standards:
(1) Lights mounted on poles shall not be taller than 25 feet (pole height to be calculated
from grade to the top of the pole structure). (2) The level of lighting shall not exceed 0.3-foot candles at any residential property line or 1.0-foot candles at any non-residential property line, except that the measurement
along any right-of-way shall be taken from the curb line, or, if there is no curb, the
edge of the asphalt. Measurements shall be taken from ground level. If a side or rear property line is adjacent to a parking lot, the maximum foot candle measurement may be exceeded provided that the increase is otherwise designed to meet the intent of this ordinance.
(3) Light (including, but not limited to, pole lights, floodlights, wall lights, etc.) shall have external shielding or shall be directed and angled so that no light is visible above a 90-degree angle measured from a vertical line from the center of the lamp (i.e. shall be a full cutoff fixture) and shall not shine onto any adjacent public right-of-way or
adjacent property.
(4) Roof illumination is not allowed. 27.26.050: Specific Uses:
(1) Architectural Accent Lighting. Fixtures used to accent architectural features, materials, colors, style of buildings, landscaping, or art shall be located, aimed, and shielded so that light is directed only on those features. Such fixtures shall be aimed or shielded to prohibit light spill.
(2) Signs:
Outdoor Lighting Standards - 148
(a) Any interior lighted signs may not be lit at night when any face of the sign is removed or damaged in such a way that the light may distract or intrude on
drivers or adjacent properties.
(b) Signs that have exterior lighting must be lit from above the sign and the light shielded except that ground lighting may be used for ground mounted signs with a solid base (i.e. no gaps between the sign and the framework or the
ground). In all cases lighting must be directed at the surface of the sign area.
(3) Canopy Lighting and Lighting of Service Stations: (a) Light fixtures mounted on canopies shall be recessed so that the lens cover is
recessed or flush with the bottom surface (ceiling) of the canopy or shielded
by the fixture or the edge of the canopy so that light is restrained to 90 degrees or less from vertical. (b) Indirect lighting may be used where light is beamed upward and then
reflected down from the underside of the canopy. When this method is used,
light fixtures must be shielded so that direct illumination is focused exclusively on the underside of the canopy. (c) Lights shall not be mounted on the top or sides (fascia) of the canopy.
(d) Lights shall be fully recessed and shielded to ensure that no light source is visible from or causes glare in the public right-of-way or adjacent properties. (4) Outdoor Sports or Recreation Fields or Performance Areas. Lighting of outdoor
recreational facilities (public or private), such as, but not limited to, football fields,
soccer fields, baseball fields, softball fields, tennis courts, special event or show areas, are exempt from this ordinance provided that the lights are to be used only when the facility is in use.
(5) Flags. Flags of the United States or Montana, and flags displayed with either the
United States and/or Montana flags, may be illuminated from below provided such lighting is focused primarily on the individual flag or flags to limit light trespass and spill into the dark night sky.
(6) Searchlights. The operation of searchlights for any purpose other than an
emergency need is prohibited. (7) Towers. Lighting on towers is prohibited except as required by regulations of the Federal Aviation Administration.
27.26.060: Procedure. At the time of site plan approval by the Kalispell Site Development Review Committee, the applicant must supply a lighting plan in accordance with these regulations
Outdoor Lighting Standards - 149
and shall demonstrate conformance with these standards. At a minimum the lighting plan shall include:
(1) Manufacturer specifications regarding the light fixture, proposed locations, mounting heights and direction of all exterior lighting. (2) If the building, signage, or landscaping is proposed to be lit, relevant drawings shall
be provided showing the type, location, and direction of the light fixture.
(3) Photometric data of all parking lot lighting and other descriptive information on the fixtures and/or a computer-generated photometric grid showing foot candle reading every 10 feet within the property or site and 10 feet beyond the property boundaries.
27.26.070: Nonconforming Lighting: (1) Commercial. Lighting for commercial uses including but not limited to parking lot and building lighting that does not conform to these regulations shall be brought into
compliance with those provisions relating to full cutoff fixtures and/or lamps by
January 1, 2010. A one-year extension may be considered by the Kalispell City Council based upon a specific hardship and upon written request. (2) Residential. Residential lighting that does not conform to these regulations shall be
brought into compliance with those provisions relating to fixtures and lamps by
January 1, 2007. 27.26.080: Figures. The attached figures are incorporated as guidelines for public information and enforcing this section. (Figure 11).
Outdoor Lighting Standards - 150
Figure 11: Lighting Examples
Outdoor Lighting Standards - 151
Figure 11: Lighting Examples Continued
Outdoor Lighting Standards - 152
Figure 11: Lighting Examples Continued
Outdoor Lighting Standards - 153
Figure 11: Lighting Examples Continued
Zoning Administrator - 154
CHAPTER 27.27 ZONING ADMINISTRATOR
Sections:
27.27.010: Creation. There is hereby created the position of a Kalispell Zoning Administrator who
shall be a duly appointed person charged with the administration, interpretation, and
enforcement of these zoning regulations.
27.27.020: Powers and Duties. The Zoning Administrator, his assistant or designee will:
(1) Enforce the provisions of these regulations.
(2) Keep complete, accurate and secure records.
(3) Accept applications and appeals and ensure their appropriateness and completeness.
(4) Accept and remit fees as established in the adopted administrative procedures.
(5) Update these regulations and the official zoning map as directed by the Kalispell City
Council.
(6) Provide for the accuracy and security of the official zoning map.
(7) Undertake any other administrative function appropriate to the office of the Zoning
Administrator.
(8) Report to the city manager any recommendations for changes and improvements in
these regulations and the procedures therein.
(9) Issue any permit granted by the Planning Department, Planning Commission or
Kalispell City Council and make periodic inspections to verify that all conditions of
such granted permits are complied with by the applicant or his agent.
(10) Receive and investigate allegations of noncompliance or violation of these
regulations and file a complaint where such allegations are based on apparent fact.
(11) Refer any matters under appeal to the Planning Commission for their action.
(12) Review applications for variances.
Zoning Administrator - 155
(13) Determine the location of any district boundary shown on the zoning map adopted
as part of these regulations when such location is in doubt as provided for in section
27.02.030 of these regulations.
(14) Refer to the Planning Commission any appeal of the determination of the Zoning
Administrator.
(15) Issue zoning lot determinations upon request for a landowner who desires to utilize
multiple contiguous lots as a single parcel for application of the bulk and dimensional
requirements of this ordinance.
27.27.030: Limitations of Power. The Zoning Administrator shall not:
Make any changes in the uses categorically permitted in any zoning classification or
zoning district or make any changes in the terms of these zoning regulations, or make
any changes in the terms, classifications, or their boundaries on the official zoning
map without the prior specific direction of the City Council following the procedures
herein set forth by these regulations.
.
Zoning Commission - 156
CHAPTER 27.28 PLANNING COMMISSION
Sections:
27.28.010: Creation. There is hereby created the “Planning Commission,” also known as the Kalispell
City Planning Commission, for the city of Kalispell in accordance with Sec. 76-25-104,
MCA.
27.28.020: Membership. The membership of the PlanningCommission shall consist of seven members
who shall be confirmed by a majority vote of the City Council. Terms of each member shall
be for a period of two years. The members of the Planning Commission shall serve without
compensation, other than reimbursement for approved budgeted expenditures incurred in
carrying out the functions of the Zoning Commission.
27.28.030: Powers and Duties. It shall be the duty of the Planning Commission to hold public hearings
where necessary and make recommendations to the City Council on all matters concerning
or relating to the land use plan and future land use map, the creation of zoning districts, the
boundaries thereof, the appropriate regulations to be enforced therein, the amendments of
these regulations, subdivision regulations, appeals pursuant to this ordinance, and any other
matter within the scope of the zoning power. The Zoning Commission is also authorized to
confer and advise with other city, county, regional, or state planning or zoning commissions.
Board of Adjustment - 157
CHAPTER 27.29 ADMENDMENTS AND CHANGES
Sections:
27.29.010: Initiation and Amendment.
(1) The City Council may, after consideration by and on the recommendation of the
Planning Commission,, amend, supplement, or change the text of this ordinance and
the official zoning map. An amendment, supplement, or change may be initiated as
specified in Sec. 76-25-304(1)(b), MCA. Application shall be made to the Planning
Department on the appropriate application form and payment of the appropriate
application fee specified by the City Council.
27.29.020: Reviewof Proposed Amendment. The review process and criteria for a proposed
amendment detailed in Sec 76-25-304, MCA, shall be followed.
27.29.030: Hearing for Amendment. The Planning Commission shall hold public hearings on the
matters referred to it at which parties in interest and citizens shall have an opportunity to be
heard.
(1) At least 15 days’ notice of time and place of such hearing shall be published in an
official paper or paper of general circulation in the city.
(2) All property owners within 150 feet of the site of the proposed zone change shall be
notified via the United States mail at least 15 days prior to the public hearing.
(3) Names and addresses of adjoining property owners will be assembled by the city
planning department.
(4) After such hearing or hearings, the Planning Commission will make reports and
recommendations on said petition or initiation to the City Council.
(5) Based on the results of the Planning Commission hearing, the staff report and the
findings of the Planning Commission, the City Council shall by ordinance render a
decision to grant, amend or deny the requested amendment.
CHAPTER 27.30
[Reserved]
Appeals - 158
CHAPTER 27.31 APPEALS
Sections:
27.31.010: Basis of Appeal. Appeals of any final decision made under this ordinance shall be made in
accordance with Sec 76-25-503, MCA.
27.31.020: Application and Procedure.
(1) Application shall be made to the Planning Department on the appropriate application
form and payment of the appropriate application fee specified by the City Council.
(2) No part of any such fee shall be returnable after an appeal is filed and such fee is
paid, except upon petition by the appellant and approval by the Zoning
Administrator. No fee paid for an action which is declared closed or ruled invalid
shall be refunded, provided that a refund shall be allowed upon petition by the
applicant if the board rules in favor of the applicant.
(3) Processing and review of the appeal shall be pursuant to Sec 76-25-503, MCA.
Variances - 159
CHAPTER 27.32 VARIANCES
Sections:
27.32.010: Application. Certain circumstances exist or arise wherein an unnecessary hardship is
created through strict adherence to the provisions of these regulations. There is hereinafter
provided provisions for the granting of a variance from the provisions of these regulations,
so that the public welfare is secured, and substantial justice can be done to those so affected.
Application procedures for a variance follow:
(1) Application for a variance may be filed by any property owner or their designated
agent for the affected property. The application must be for relief from land or
building form design standards.
(2) Such application shall be made on a form provided by the office of the Zoning
Administrator. Multiple requests for variance for the same project may be filed on a
single application and charged a single fee.
The completed application and fee as set by the City Council shall be submitted to the Zoning
Administrator.
No part of any such fee shall be refundable after an application is filed and such fee paid,
except under petition by the applicant and approval by the Zoning Administrator. No
fee paid for an action which is declared closed or ruled invalid shall be refunded.
(3) The application must be submitted and considered prior to an application or in
conjunction with an application for a zoning permit. Any zoning permit relying on
the variance application shall not be issued until the variance application is approved,
approved with conditions, or denied, and the zoning permit shall be in conformance
with the determination on the variance.
27.32.020: Processing of Application.
(1) The variance request shall be reviewed and determined by the Zoning Administrator.
The Zoning Administrator’s decision is final, and no further action may be taken
except as provided in Sec. 76-25-503, MCA.
Public notice and comment shall be provided pursuant to Sec 76-25-305, MCA.
Variances - 160
(3) The granting of a variance must meet all of the following criteria:
(a) The variance is not detrimental to public health, safety or general welfare;
(b) The variance is due to conditions peculiar to the property, such as physical
surroundings, shape, or topographical conditions;
(c) Strict application of the regulations to the property results in an unnecessary
hardship to the owner as compared to others subject to the same regulations
and is not self-imposed;
(d) The variance will not cause a substantial increase in public costs; and
(e) The variance will not place the property in nonconformance with any other
regulations.
(4) Additional criteria may apply if the variance is associated with a floodplain or
floodway pursuant to the requirements of Title 76, Chapter 5, MCA.
(5) In approving a variance, the Zoning Administrator may impose such conditions as
are in its judgment necessary to promote the general provisions of these regulations.
(6) A variance shall be valid indefinitely, provided it is exercised within one year of the
date of issuance, or as otherwise provided for by theZoning Administrator.
27.32.030: Appeal.
(1) A final decision relative to a variance may be appealed pursuant to Sec 76-25-503,
MCA.
Conditional Use Permits - 161
CHAPTER 27.33 CONDITIONAL USE PERMITS
Sections:
27.33.010 General Provisions
27.33.020 Application
27.33.030 Processing of Application - Full Conditional Use Permit
27.33.040 Administrative Conditional Use Permits
27.33.050 Violations and Revocation of Permit
27.33.060 Termination and Transferability
27.33.070 Denial of Application
27.33.080 Review Criteria
27.33.090 Burden of Applicant
27.33.100 Decision Based on Findings
27.33.110 Appeal
27.33.010: General Provisions.
(1) No structure, building or land shall be used, constructed, altered, moved, or expanded
where a Conditional Use Permit (as used in this section “Conditional Use Permit”
includes both a full Conditional Use Permit and an Administrative Conditional Use
Permit unless otherwise noted) is specifically required by the terms of these
regulations until a Conditional Use Permit for such use has been issued.
(2) Any use which was lawfully established prior to the adoption, extension, or
application of these regulations and which is now permitted by these regulations
subject to a Conditional Use Permit, may continue in the same manner and to the
same extent without securing a Conditional Use Permit.
(3) All changes made to Section 27.33 through Ordinance 1948 shall apply only to
conditional use permits granted after January 15, 2026.
27.33.020: Application.
(1) Application for a Conditional Use Permit shall be made by the owner of the affected
property on a form obtainable from the Zoning Administrator.
(2) The completed application and associated fee shall be submitted to the Zoning
Administrator. Said fee is not refundable.
Conditional Use Permits - 162
27.33.030: Processing of Application – Full Conditional Use Permit.
An application for a conditional use permit shall be processed and reviewed in
accordance with Sec. 76-25-305, MCA and the review criteria in this ordinance.
27.33.040: Administrative Conditional Use Permits
(1) Administrative uses fall into three categories:
(a) Designated as ACUP in the zoning district standards or otherwise provided
for in the ordinance;
(b) Up to 25% cumulative expansions of non-conforming uses (see Section
27.23.030); and
(c) Up to 25% cumulative expansions of existing CUPs.
(2) An application for a conditional use permit shall be processed and reviewed in
accordance with Sec. 76-25-305, MCA and the review criteria in this ordinance.
Section 27.33.045: Revocation:
(1) If a conditional use for which a conditional use permit has been granted is not in compliance with the requirements of the conditional use permit, the city may revoke that conditional use permit.
(2) Prior to revocation, the city must send a written notice of revocation by certified mail
to the property owner and the user of the property. The revocation notice must: (a) Identify which material misrepresentations the City believes the conditional use permit holder made and/or which conditions the City believes the conditional
use permit holder has violated;
(b) State that the property must be brought into compliance within thirty (30) business days of the date of the notice of revocation; and
(c) Set a hearing date for consideration of the revocation.
(3) The City Council shall be the hearing body and follow its standard hearing procedures including, but not limited to, hearing from the conditional use permit holder, and any other witnesses through public comment. To revoke the conditional use permit, the City
Council must make a finding that one or more of the criteria in Section 27.33.045(4) has
been established by a preponderance of the evidence. In the case of a revocation of a conditional use permit, the determination of the City Council shall be final, unless recourse
Conditional Use Permits - 163
is sought in Flathead County District Court within thirty (30) days.
(4) The City Council may revoke, suspend, or reconsider a conditional use permit if it
determines that: (a) The information in the application or otherwise provided by the applicant or the applicant's agent as part of the original conditional use permit approval was false
or inaccurate, whether deliberate or unintentional, and that the misrepresentation was
material to the City’s decision to grant the conditional use permit; (b) The development or use of the property is not in compliance with the application submitted as part of the original conditional use permit approval; or
(c) The development or use of the property is not in compliance with any condition or other requirement of the conditional use permit. (5) As the granting of a conditional use permit is a matter of grace per Section 27.33.090,
resting in the discretion of the City and a refusal is not the denial of a right, conditional or
otherwise, the revocation, suspension, or reconsideration of a conditional use permit shall also be a matter of grace and not a denial of a right, conditional or otherwise. (6) A conditional use permit revoked pursuant to this section may be reinstated at the
City Council’s discretion within one year upon a showing that all requirements of the
conditional use permit are being met and that any other deficiencies have been remedied. Should the requirements not be met and/or all deficiencies not be remedied within one year, a new application for conditional use permit must be submitted for review.
27.33.050: Violations. Failure to comply with the terms and/or conditions of a Conditional Use Permit
is a violation of the zoning ordinance in addition to a violation of any other applicable
ordinance or policy.
27.33.060: Termination and Transferability.
(1) The Conditional Use Permit shall not run with the lot, building, structure, or use. When a
new owner, lessee or other operator intends to continue a conditional use, the new user
must submit an administrative renewal application to the zoning administrator verifying terms and conditions of the original grant of the conditional use permit. If material changes related to the use of the property are proposed, the new user shall reapply for a new conditional use permit subject to this Chapter.
(2) The Conditional Use Permit shall terminate 18 months from date of authorization if
commencement of the authorized activity has not begun:
Conditional Use Permits - 164
(a) Unless otherwise spelled out in the conditions of approval; or
(b) Unless the applicant can demonstrate and maintain a continuous good faith
effort (preparing financing, securing state or federal permits, undertaking
engineering and design, etc.) in commencing the activity. An extension
request must be submitted to the Zoning Administrator, who may grant up to
two one-year extensions.
27.33.070: Denial of Application.
In the event an application is denied by the Zoning Administrator, no re-submittal of an
application for a Conditional Use Permit may be made for one year from the date of
said denial, unless sufficient new evidence or conditions are offered to the Zoning
Administrator to demonstrate that circumstances have altered, and that further
consideration of the application is warranted. In such an event, the re-submittal
application shall follow the same procedures as the original and shall be treated as a
new application.
27.33.080: Review Criteria.
(1) No Conditional Use Permit shall be issued except upon a finding that the proposed
use conforms to the requirements set forth in this chapter and that the proposed
conditional use will have no more adverse effect on the health, safety, or comfort of
persons living or working in the area and will be no more injurious, economically,
or otherwise, to property or improvements in the surrounding area than would any
use generally permitted in the district. An authorized conditional use may not be
denied arbitrarily or if no specific adverse effect is found.
(2) A Conditional Use Permit may be granted only if the proposal, as submitted,
conforms to all of the following general Conditional Use Permit Criteria, as well as
to all other applicable criteria that may be requested:
(a) That the site is suitable for the use. This includes:
1. adequate usable space;
2. height, bulk and location of structures;
3. adequate access; and
Conditional Use Permits - 165
4. the absence of environmental constraints (floodplain, slope, etc.).
(b) That the site plan for the proposed use will provide the most convenient and
functional use for the lot. Consideration should include:
1. parking scheme;
2. loading areas;
3. exterior lighting;
4. traffic circulations;
5. open space;
6. fencing/screening;
7. landscaping; and
8. signage.
(c) That the following services and facilities are available and adequate to serve
the needs of the use as designed and proposed:
1. sewer;
2. water;
3. storm water drainage;
4. garbage collection;
5. fire protection;
6. police protection;
7. streets;
8. sidewalks and bike trails; and
9. other public services.
(d) That the proposed use will not be detrimental to abutting properties in
particular and the neighborhood in general. Typical negative impacts which
extend beyond the proposed site include:
1. excessive traffic generation;
2. noise or vibration;
3. dust, glare, heat;
4. smoke, fumes, gas, or odors; and
5. inappropriate hours of operation.
(e) That the historical uses and established use patterns be weighed with recent
change in trends in the neighborhood.
Conditional Use Permits - 166
(f) That the proposed use will not cause or contribute to a decline in property
values of adjacent properties.
27.33.090: Burden of Applicant. The burden of proof for satisfying the aforementioned criteria
considered for approval shall rest with the applicant and not the City. The granting of the
Conditional Use Permit is a matter of grace, resting in the discretion of the City and a refusal,
or revocation thereof, is not the denial of a right, conditional, or otherwise. Should any
information or representation submitted in connection with a conditional use permit be
incorrect or untrue, the approval based thereon may be rescinded, and other appropriate
action taken.
27.33.100: Decision Based on Findings. Every decision of the City pertaining to the granting, denial,
or amendment of a request for a Conditional Use Permit, or the revocation of a conditional
use permit, shall be based upon “Findings of Fact”, and every finding of fact shall be
supported in the record.
27.33.110: Appeal. A final decision relative to a conditional use permit may be appealed pursuant to
Sec 76-25-503, MCA.
Additional Requirements for Specific Conditional Uses - 167
CHAPTER 27.34 ADDITIONAL REQUIREMENTS FOR SPECIFIC CONDITIONAL USES
Sections:
27.34.005 Applicability to Permitted Uses
27.34.010 Animal Hospitals, Pounds, Kennels, Animal Shelter, and Veterinary Clinics
27.34.020 Bed and Breakfast
27.34.040 Casinos
27.34.050 Day Care Centers – 13 or more individuals
27.34.060 Dwellings, Multi-family
27.34.070 Electrical Distribution Stations
27.34.080 Extractive Industries
27.34.087 Marijuana Cultivation, Dispensaries, and Manufacturing
27.34.090 Mini-Storage, Recreation Vehicle Storage
27.34.100 Sexually Oriented Business
27.34.110 Transmission Towers and Cellular Communication Towers, Equipment and Facilities
27.34.005: Applicability to Permitted Uses. Whenever any use listed in this chapter is provided for
as a permitted use in a zoning district or within any Planned Unit Development, the specific
requirements for the use listed in this chapter shall apply even if a conditional use permit is
not required.
27.34.010: Animal Hospitals, Pounds, Kennels, Animal Shelters, and Veterinary Clinics
(1) Household animals (specifically dogs and cats) boarded overnight should be kept in
climate-controlled, sound-proofed buildings.
(2) Household animal excreta shall be removed from the site daily or as otherwise
necessary to avoid the spread of objectionable odors, insects, pests, and objectionable
surface drainage.
(3) No partially or fully enclosed structure or fenced open area (runs, pens, etc.) used to
confine animals shall be closer than 100 feet to any property line.
27.34.020: Bed and Breakfast.
(1) The Conditional Use Permit shall specify the number of rental rooms and total
number of guests permitted in the facility.
Additional Requirements for Specific Conditional Uses - 168
(2) The bed and breakfast uses shall be limited to the principal structure and not extend
to any accessory structure.
(3) Room rentals shall not exceed fourteen consecutive days.
(4) The bed and breakfast facility must maintain an up-to-date guest register.
(5) The owner(s) of the dwelling or the manager of the facility must be in permanent
residence and maintain full use of the kitchen, dining room, living room, and at least
one bedroom and bathroom not accessible to the overnight lodgers.
(6) Overnight lodgers shall not have direct access to cooking facilities although the
permanent resident(s) of the dwelling may provide breakfast service to the guests.
(7) The residential structure shall not be significantly modified to provide additional
sleeping rooms or exhibit a non-residential appearance except for signage as
provided under Chapter 27.22.
(8) The use of the bed and breakfast facilities shall be limited to the exclusive use of the
residential dwellers and their overnight guests. No other use such as a restaurant, bar
or otherwise which attracts non-boarding customers is permitted. No alcoholic
beverages shall be sold on the premises.
(9) No people, other than the residents of the dwelling may be employed or otherwise
assist in the operation of a bed and breakfast facility.
27.34.040: Casinos
(1) Casinos shall be a minimum of 600 feet from churches, schools, parks, city
residential zones, federal highway, and other casinos, measured from property line
to property line, or from the right-of-way of a federal highway.
(2) Accessory casinos may be located closer than 600 feet from churches, schools, parks,
city residential zones, federal highway, and other casinos, measured from property
line to property line or from the right-of-way of a federal highway. An accessory
casino shall meet the requirements of this section.
(3) A casino is considered accessory to a primary use if the primary use (e.g. restaurant
or bar, but not shopping center or other multi-use designation) and its associated
Additional Requirements for Specific Conditional Uses - 169
facilities constitute at least 80% of the proposed floor space and the casino constitutes
no more than 20% of the proposed use. In addition, an accessory casino is generally
shielded or screened from view of the primary use and patrons.
(4) The following design standards as appropriate may be placed on either a casino or
an accessory casino:
(a) Limiting or prohibiting the on-premise signage or building from using the
following:
1. Any terms such as gaming, gambling, cards, dice, chance, etc.
2. Any reference to any associated activity or any symbols or words
commonly associated with gaming.
3. Any words, terms, figures, artwork, or features intended or designed
to attract attention to the fact that a casino is on site.
4. Neon Lighting.
(b) Limiting the number and location of entrances into the casino.
(c) Increasing landscaping requirements in order to create a buffer between the
casino and adjacent land uses.
27.34.050: Day Care Centers – 13 or more individuals.
(1) Where outside recreation facilities are provided, a minimum four-foot-high sight-
obscuring fence around the recreation area may be required to be maintained and the
recreation area should be situated in the rear half of the site.
(2) In all residential (R-1 through R-4) zones:
(a) Existing residential structures shall not be significantly modified so as to
exhibit a non-residential appearance;
(b) Signage shall be architecturally compatible with the primary building;
(c) Preference is given to day care centers located on collector or arterial streets;
and
Additional Requirements for Specific Conditional Uses - 170
(d) Any new construction allowed in a residential zone for the operation of a day
care facility shall substantially resemble a conventional single-family
dwelling.
27.34.060: Dwellings, Multi-family.
(1) All multi-family dwellings shall provide pedestrian access from the main entrance(s)
of the building(s) to the right-of-way.
(2) For multi-family dwellings with five or more units (including common developments
which contain five or more units), one of the following shall be provided:
(a) 500 square feet of land per unit which has recreational value for the residents;
(b) Recreational amenities equivalent to the fair market value of 500 square feet
of undeveloped land per unit;
(c) Equivalent funds payable to the city of which 50% will be used for
maintenance and 50% towards the development of neighborhood facilities
in the immediate vicinity; or
(d) A combination of any of the above.
(3) Fair market value of land for the purpose of these regulations is the value of
unimproved land after it has been annexed and given municipal zoning designation.
Satisfactory evidence of fair market value shall be demonstrated by either of the
following:
(a) An appraisal report conducted by a Montana State licensed general real estate
appraiser prepared within one (1) year of the date of building permit
application.
(b) The sale price of the property being developed documented by a purchase
and sell agreement or other executed contract, if it was purchased within one
(1) year of the date of the building permit application, provided the property’s
zoning designation remains unchanged and sale was an arm’s length
transaction.
Additional Requirements for Specific Conditional Uses - 171
27.34.070: Electrical Distribution Stations. When located within an R, RA, or B zone, electrical
distribution stations shall meet the following requirements:
(1) The station shall be completely surrounded by a security fence that shall be at least
eight feet in height.
(2) The perimeter of the electrical distribution station shall be landscaped with sight-
obscuring trees, shrubs, or bushes. Such landscaping shall be designed to improve
the appearance of the site while allowing for normal operational and safety factors
of the station.
(3) A parcel of land that does not meet the minimum lot area requirement of the zone
may be created for the placement of an electrical distribution station. The site shall
be large enough to accommodate any required landscaping.
27.34.080: Extractive Industries. Requirements contained in this section shall not exempt the owner
or operator of an extractive industry from compliance with the Montana Open Cut or Strip
Mine Reclamation Act, Title 82, Chapter 4, M.C.A., but shall be in addition to the
requirements of said Act.
(1) Operational requirements. The site of an extractive industry shall be of sufficient size
and dimensions to accommodate the proposed operations. Consideration shall be
given to noise, light, dust, smoke, and vibration and how they affect adjoining
properties. Blasting operations shall be restricted to Monday through Friday between
the hours of 8 am and 5 pm. Off-street parking areas adequate for all employee
vehicles and trucks shall be provided.
(2) Plan for development of the site. The plan to be submitted with the application for a
Conditional Use Permit shall include a plan for development of the subject property
which shall consist of two phases: The exploitation phase and the re-use phase.
(a) Exploitation phase. The plan for the exploitation phase shall show the
proposed development as planned in relation to surrounding property within
three hundred feet and shall include topographic surveys and other materials
indicating existing conditions, including soil and drainage and the conditions,
including drainage, topography and soil which shall exist at the end of the
exploitation phase. Contour intervals for topography shall be five feet in areas
where slope is 10% or greater and two feet in areas where slope is less than
10%.
Additional Requirements for Specific Conditional Uses - 172
(b) The plan for the exploitation phase shall demonstrate the feasibility of the
operation proposed without creating hazards or causing damage to other
properties. This plan shall also show the different states of exploitation,
where and how traffic will be handled, where equipment will be operating,
the location and dimension of structures, the manner in which safeguards will
be provided, including those for preventing access by children and other
authorized persons to dangerous areas. The final stage of this plan shall
indicate how the project is to be finished in accordance with the phase for
reuse.
(c) Reuse phase. The plan for the reuse phase shall indicate how the property is
to be left in a form suitable for reuse for purposes permissible in the district,
relating such reuses to uses existing or proposed for surrounding properties.
Among items to be included in such plan are feasible circulation patterns in
and around the site, the treatment of exposed soil or subsoil including
measures to be taken to replace topsoil or establish vegetation in excavated
areas in order to make the property suitable for the proposed reuse and
treatment of slopes to prevent erosion.
27.34.087: Marijuana Cultivation, Dispensaries, and Manufacturing.
(1) A marijuana dispensary or any facility engaged in marijuana cultivation or
manufacturing shall be located a minimum of 300 feet from churches, schools,
parks, and city residential (R or RA) zones, measured from property line to
property line.
27.34.090: Mini-Storage, Recreation Vehicle Storage.
(1) This section shall apply to the review of mini-storage and recreational vehicle storage
facilities proposed to be located in districts that require a Conditional Use Permit for
the establishment of such uses.
(a) All buildings shall meet the required setback of the district. However, on sites
where the rear property line is adjacent to a commercial district, no rear
setback is required.
(b) Landscaping that produces a sight-obscuring barrier shall be provided in
areas adjacent to residentially zoned areas and to collector and arterial streets.
Landscaping shall consist of a variety of hardy evergreen materials consisting
of trees, low-, medium-, and high-profile shrubs, together with suitable
Additional Requirements for Specific Conditional Uses - 173
ground cover such as native grasses, bark, ornamental gravel, or a
combination thereof.
(c) Building heights shall be limited to one story (18 feet at the peak).
(d) One (1) parking space shall be provided for the on-site manager with two (2)
additional spaces provided at the leasing office.
(e) Parking shall be provided by parking/driving lanes adjacent to the storage
units. These lanes shall be at least 26 feet wide.
(f) All storage shall be kept within an enclosed building, except fossil fuel
engines or storage tanks or any boat or vehicle incorporating such
components, which shall be stored in screened exterior areas. This provision
shall not be interpreted to permit the storage of partially dismantled, wrecked,
or inoperable vehicles.
(g) Any use other than storage is prohibited. The offering for sale or sale thereof
of any item from or at mini-storage or recreational vehicle storage facilities
is expressly forbidden, except that the facility owner may hold liquidation
sales of contents of rental units to recover rental fees except as allowed by
law.
(h) The repair, construction, or reconstruction of any boat, engine, motor vehicle,
or furniture, and the storage of any fossil fuel engine or fossil fuel storage
tank or any boat or vehicle incorporating such components is prohibited
within any structure on a tract of land designated as a mini-storage or
recreational vehicle storage facility.
(i) The exterior architecture of the structures shall be designed to conceal the
industrial and storage use of the property. The design shall also focus on
neighborhood compatibility, particularly along collector and arterial streets.
27.34.100: Sexually Oriented Business.
(1) A sexually oriented business shall not be located within 1,000 feet of any of the
following:
(a) A church;
(b) A public or private elementary or secondary school;
Additional Requirements for Specific Conditional Uses - 174
(c) A boundary of any residential district;
(d) A public park adjacent to any residential district;
(e) The property line of a lot devoted to residential use;
(f) Another sexually oriented business.
(2) Consideration and evaluation of a proposed sexually oriented business shall address
the relationship of the proposed business with the surrounding character of the area.
At a minimum, conditions of approval shall address the following land use features:
(a) Traffic, ingress/egress;
(b) Signage;
(c) Exterior lighting;
(d) Landscaping and screening;
(e) Exterior colors of structure; and
(f) General site plan characteristics such as parking and extension of utilities.
27.34.110: Transmission Towers and Cellular Communication Towers, Equipment and Facilities.
(1) The location of the transmission towers and cellular communication towers,
equipment and facilities shall take into consideration the following:
(a) Visual effects;
(b) Height;
(c) Structural integrity;
(d) Radiation emissions;
(e) Effects on adjoining land use;
(f) Possibility of shared use;
(g) Effects on city airport operations;
(h) Effects on other communication devices; and
(i) Site location alternatives.
(2) General requirements of a Conditional Use Permit for locating a transmission tower
or cellular communication tower shall include:
(a) Required collocation on an existing tower or other structure whenever
possible and practical;
(b) Screening equipment and structures when located adjacent to a residential
district;
(c) Engineer’s certification regarding structural safety;
(d) Location of the tower so that visual impact to adjacent property owners is
limited to the greatest extent possible;
Additional Requirements for Specific Conditional Uses - 175
(e) That the structure be placed to avoid location on the crest of a mountain or
hill or extension into the skyline thus creating aesthetic concerns;
(f) Address potential FAA (Federal Aviation Administration) lighting
requirements for aviation safety;
(g) That the structure/tower be camouflaged to blend in with the surrounding
environment;
(h) The new structure shall allow for collocation with a minimum of four other
users;
(i) That all transmission and cellular communication towers be located a
minimum of one mile apart, unless collocation opportunities do not exist;
(j) If a security fence is proposed, a five-foot-tall dense landscaping screen shall
be planted around the security fence of any structure/tower;
(k) Where a new tower is proposed, the applicant shall demonstrate that there is
no feasible existing structure on which to locate; and
(l) A freestanding tower shall be setback from the right-of-way line(s) a distance
equal to the height of the tower.
(3) Should any cellular communication tower, facility or antenna be abandoned or cease
to operate for a period of 180 days, the structure/tower shall be removed at the
expense of the owner. It shall be the responsibility of the structure/tower owner to
promptly notify the city if a facility is abandoned or ceases operation.
Administrative Adjustments - 176
CHAPTER 27.35 ADMINISTRATIVE ADJUSTMENTS
Sections:
27.35.010 Intent
27.35.020 Authority
27.35.030 Procedure
27.35.040 Standards Subject to Administrative Adjustment
27.35.050 Criteria
27.35.060 Additional Criteria Related to Specific Standards
27.35.070 Termination and Transferability
27.35.010: Intent. The intent of this chapter is to provide administrative relief in the form of minor
deviations from specific requirements under this code. The administrative relief is to be
provided upon a showing by an applicant that certain circumstances exist which are
beneficial to the community to design around rather than strictly applying the code. Only
those sections specifically listed are eligible for relief, and only upon the appropriate
showing.
27.35.020: Authority. The Zoning Administrator is authorized to review and approve,
conditionally approve, or deny an application for an administrative adjustment in
accordance with this chapter.
27.35.030: Procedure.
(1) An applicant shall submit a completed application form and fee to the Zoning
Administrator.
(2) After reviewing the application for compliance with this code and in particular with
the criteria listed in this chapter, the Zoning Administrator shall approve,
conditionally approve, or deny the application.
(3) The Zoning Administrator may grant a lesser modification than the maximum
allowed by this chapter.
Administrative Adjustments - 177
27.35.040: Standards Subject to Administrative Adjustment.
Standard Allowable Modification
Height limits for buildings (contained in
development standards for each zoning
district)
10%
Building setbacks (contained in
development standards for each zoning
district)
20%
Required setback for parking spaces
(Section 27.24.030(2))
30%
Minimum required number of parking
spaces (Section 27.24.050)
10%
27.35.050: Criteria. Administrative adjustments shall be approved upon a finding that the applicant
has met the following criteria:
(1) General. The request is consistent with the character of development in the
surrounding area and will not result in incompatible uses.
(2) Mitigates Adverse Impacts. Any adverse impacts resulting from the adjustment will
be mitigated to the maximum extent practicable.
(3) Technical Nature. The request is of a technical nature (i.e. relief from a dimensional
or design standard) and is based on three or more of the following:
(a) Required to compensate for some unusual aspect of the site or the proposed
development that is not shared by landowners in general;
(b) Supporting an objective or goal from the purpose and intent statements of the
zone district where located;
(c) Proposed to provide improved architectural appearance or site design;
(d) Proposed to save healthy existing trees (recommendation to be provided by
the parks department based upon age, caliper, condition, and value); or
(e) Proposed to maintain the historic integrity of a structure which is on, or is
eligible to be on, the historic registry.
Administrative Adjustments - 178
(4) Does Not Substantially Interfere with Adjacent Land. The request will not
substantially interfere with the convenient and enjoyable use of adjacent lands and
will not pose a danger to public health or safety.
27.35.060: Additional Criteria Related to Specific Standards.
(1) Height Limits. An adjustment to building height is allowable when the additional
height is necessitated by a specific function of the building or constraint of the site.
The height shall not exceed the standards set forth for additional height permitted by
conditional use permit.
27.35.070: Termination and Transferability.
(1) The Administrative Adjustment shall:
(a) run with the lot, building, structure, or use;
(b) shall not be affected by changes in ownership; and
(c) terminate 18 months from the date of approval if commencement of the
authorized activity has not begun unless otherwise stated in the approval; and
(2) The Administrative Adjustment may be extended by the Zoning Administrator for
an additional 12 months if it is demonstrated that the applicant has made a continuous
good faith effort to commence the approved development.
Enforcement - 179
CHAPTER 27.36 ENFORCEMENT
Sections:
27.36.010: Penalty for Violation. Any person or corporation, whether owner, lessee, principal agent,
employee, or otherwise, who violates any provisions of these regulations or permits any such
violation or fails to comply with any of the requirements thereof, or who erects, constructs,
reconstructs, alters, enlarges, converts, moves, or uses any building or uses any land in
violation of any detailed statement or plans submitted by him and approved under the
provisions of these regulations, may be subject to penalties as a municipal infraction
pursuant to Chapter 1, Article II of the Kalispell City Code. Each day of continued violation
shall constitute a separate, additional violation. The Zoning Administrator or his authorized
agent is hereby authorized to enforce the City of Kalispell Zoning Ordinance by issuing a
civil citation.
27.36.020: Use of Available Remedies Authorized. In the event that any building or structure is
erected, reconstructed, altered, converted, or maintained, or any building, structure, or land
is used in violation of these regulations, the proper legal authorities of the City Council in
addition to other remedies, may institute any appropriate action or proceedings to (a) prevent
such unlawful erection, maintenance, or use; (b)restrain, correct, or abate such violation; (c)
prevent the occupancy of such building, structure or land; (d) prevent an illegal act, conduct,
business, or use in or about such building, structure or land; or (e) prevent, enjoin, abate, or
remove an unlawful building, use, occupancy, or act. In addition to penalties as a municipal
infraction, remedies may include, but are not necessarily limited to, an injunction,
mandamus, abatement, or any other appropriate action provided for in law.
27.36.030: Procedure Prior to Seeking Civil Penalties. Prior to seeking civil penalties against a
property owner, the owner shall be provided with a written notice, by mail or hand delivery,
of each ordinance violation. The notice shall be provided to the address of the owner of
record on file in the office of the county recorder. The notice shall provide a reasonable
opportunity to cure the noticed violation and include a schedule of the civil penalties that
may be imposed for failure to cure the violation before expiration of a time certain.
Definitions - 180
CHAPTER 27.37 DEFINITIONS
Sections:
27.37.010: Definitions. All words in this ordinance shall be first defined as provided herein and, if not
defined herein, shall have their customary dictionary definitions. For the purposes of this
ordinance certain words and terms used herein are defined as follows:
Words used in the present tense include the future tense; words used in the singular include
the plural, and words used in the plural include the singular; the word “shall” is always
mandatory, the word “person” includes a firm, association, organization, partnership, trust,
corporation or company, as well as an individual; the word “lot” includes the words “plot”
or “parcel”; the word “building” includes the word “structure”; the words “used” or
“occupied,” as applied to any land or building, shall be constructed to include the words
“intended, arranged, or designed to be used or occupied”; the words “map” or “zoning map”
mean the zoning map(s) of the zoning jurisdiction of the City of Kalispell that delineate the
area to be governed by these regulations.
(1) Abandonment. The act of intentionally and permanently giving up, surrendering,
deserting or relinquishing property, or a property right. In regard to a use, it is the
actual cessation of a “nonconforming use” coupled with the intent not to put the
premises again to the same use. Proof of said intent not to abandon must be clearly
inferable from existing facts, such as actively pursuing in good faith the sale of lease
of a property as a continuation of the existing use.
(2) Abandoned Sign. A sign which no longer identifies or advertises a bona fide
business, lessor, service, owner, product, or activity, and/or for which no legal owner
can be found.
(3) Accessory Building/Structure. A detached subordinate building/ structure situated
on the same lot with the principal building/structure and used for an accessory use.
(4) Accessory Dwelling Unit. A self-contained living unit on the same parcel as a
single-family dwelling of greater square footage that includes its own cooking,
sleeping and sanitation facilities and complies with or is otherwise exempt from any
applicable building code, fire code, and public health and safety regulations adopted
pursuant to Title 50, Chapter 2, M.C.A.
(4) Accessory Use. A subordinate use of a building, other structure, or use of land:
Definitions - 181
(a) Which is clearly incidental to the primary use of the principal building, other
structure, or use of land; and
(b) Which is used customarily in connection with the principal building, other
structure, or use of land; and
(c) Which is located on the same zoned lot with the principal building, other
structure, or use of land.
(5) Agriculture. The use of land for agricultural, horticultural and silvicultural
purposes, including farming, dairying, pasturage, grazing land, animal and poultry
husbandry, feed lots, and includes the necessary accessory uses for packing, treating,
storing or shipping of products. Does not include the manufacturing aspects of timber
or agricultural activities such as animal slaughtering, wood processing plants, etc.
(6) Airport. Any runway, landing area or other facility whether publicly or privately
owned and operated, and which is designed or used either by public carriers or by
private aircraft for the landing and taking off of aircraft and/or helicopters, including
all necessary taxiways, aircraft storage and tie-down areas, hangars and other
necessary buildings and open spaces.
(7) Alley. A passage or way, open to public travel, and dedicated to public use, affording
a secondary means of vehicular and pedestrian access to abutting lots and not
intended for general traffic circulations.
(8) Alteration. A change or rearrangement of the structural parts of existing facilities,
or an enlargement by extending the sides or increasing the height or depth, or the
moving from one location to another.
(9) Arterial. A street having the primary function of moving traffic and secondary
function of providing access to adjacent land. Arterials generally carry relatively
large volumes of traffic. Arterials have two to four lanes of traffic and provide limited
access to abutting property.
(10) Assembly – Heavy. The fitting or joining of parts of a mechanism by means of
fasteners, nuts and bolts, screws, glue, welding, or other similar technique which may
include the construction, stamping, or reshaping of any of the component parts.
Heavy assembly may generate noise, vibration, smoke, or odors outside of the
structure housing the activity or off-site. Activity may occur both indoors and
outdoors.
Definitions - 182
(11) Assembly – Light. The fitting together of already manufactured parts into a
complete or semi-complete unit. (This would not limit the casting or forming of some
components on site but such processes would typically not generate noise, vibration,
smoke or odor.) Typically, all activity usually occurs indoors.
(12) Assembly halls/stadiums/convention hall facilities. An open, partially enclosed, or
fully enclosed facility used or intended to be used primarily for spectator sports,
entertainment events, expositions, and other public gatherings. Typical uses include
convention and exhibition halls, sports arenas, and amphitheaters.
(13) Athletic Club. A facility designed for the major purpose of physical fitness which
includes, but is not limited to, such equipment as weight resistance machines,
whirlpools, saunas, showers, swimming pools and lockers.
(14) Auction Yards, Livestock. Any sale where livestock is sold by an auctioneer in an
outdoor setting.
(15) Automobile Sales and/or Repair. An area, other than a street, used for the display,
sale or repair of new or used automobiles, boats, RVs, motorcycles, or trailers,
whether inside a structure or in an outside area.
(16) Automobile Detailing Shop. A facility wherein automobiles are cleaned. The seats
and carpet are generally shampooed and the engine compartment degreased. The
exterior is generally waxed. Customary and incidental associated uses shall not
include painting, body work, or mechanical repair.
(17) Automobile or Vehicle Body Shops. A facility which provides collision repair
services, including, but not necessarily limited to, welding, body frame straightening,
replacement of damaged parts, and painting.
(18) Automobile Service Station. Any building or premises used primarily for the retail
sale of gasoline and lubricants, but which may also provide for the incidental
servicing of motor vehicles including grease racks, tire repairs, battery charging,
hand washing of automobiles, sale of merchandise and supplies related to the
servicing of motor vehicles and minor replacements, but excluding body and fender
work, engine overhauling, painting, welding, storage of automobiles not in operating
condition or other work involving noise, fumes, glare or smoke.
(19) Automobile Wrecking/Salvage. The dismantling or wrecking of motor vehicles or
trailers, or the storage, sale or dumping of dismantled or partially dismantled,
obsolete or wrecked vehicles or their parts.
(20) Bakery. An establishment primarily engaged in the retail sale of bakery products,
but which may involve the production of baked goods for off-site sales.
Definitions - 183
(21) Banks and Financial Institutions. An establishment that is open to the public and
primarily engaged in the receipt, disbursement of exchange of funds and currencies,
and that performs closely related functions such as making loans, investments, and
fiduciary activities.
(22) Barber and Beauty Services. Includes barber shops, hair styling, salons, nail care,
hair removal, ear piercing, and other such similar businesses.
(23) Bars and Taverns. An establishment whose primary activity is the sale of alcoholic
beverages to be consumed on the premises.
(24) Bed and Breakfast. “Bed and Breakfast” means a single-family dwelling with a
resident family or manager in permanent residence where bedrooms without
individual cooking facilities are rented for overnight lodging. Breakfast may be
provided by the resident(s) to the overnight patrons.
(25) Billboard. A standard outdoor advertising sign no larger than 288 square feet in area
which is designed to advertise products, services or businesses not located on the
premises on which the sign is located. A sign shall not be considered a billboard
unless the sign is designed with a surface on which temporary poster panels or
painted bulletins are mounted for the purpose of conveying a visual advertising
message.
(26) Buffer. Open spaces, landscaped areas, fences, walls, berms, or any combination
thereof used to physically and visually separate one use or property from another in
order to mitigate the impacts of noise, light, or other nuisance.
(27) Buildable Width. The distance between the required side setbacks (or side and side
corner setbacks) of a lot. (Figure 13)
Figure 13: Building Width, Building Frontage, and Building Line
Definitions - 184
(28) Building. Any structure having a roof supported by columns or walls for the housing
or enclosure of persons, animals or chattels. When any portion thereof is completely
separated from every other portion thereof by a division wall without openings then
each such portion shall be deemed to be a separate building.
(29) Building Frontage. The maximum width of a building measured in a straight line
parallel with the abutting street, or, if the abutting right-of-way is a curved line,
parallel with a line tangent to the property line at its midpoint. (See figure 13 above)
(30) Building Height, Maximum. The maximum allowable vertical distance from the
undisturbed ground level at the eave line of the building to a plane that is parallel
with that undisturbed ground at the highest point of the roof or parapet wall. Variable
slopes would require multiple planes to be established. (Figure 14)
Figure 14: Building Height, Maximum
(31) Building Line. The line of that face, corner, roof or part of a building nearest the
property line. A building line shall be established parallel to the property line which
that side of the building faces or, if the abutting right-of-way is a curved line, parallel
with a line tangent to the property line at its midpoint. (See figure 13 above)
(32) Business. The purchase, sale, offering for sale, or other transaction involving the
handling or disposition of any article, service, substance or commodity for livelihood
or profit, or the management or occupancy of the office buildings, offices, recreation
or amusement enterprises, or the maintenance and use of buildings, offices,
structures, or premises by professions and trades or persons rendering services.
Definitions - 185
(33) Campground. Any area or tract of land used or designed to accommodate
two or more camping parties, including cabins, tents, camping trailers or other
camping outfits (see also: Recreational Vehicle Park).
(34) Canopy Structure. Any overhead protective structure which is constructed in such
a manner as to allow pedestrians/vehicles to pass under.
(35) Carport. A structure to house or protect motor vehicles which has at least fifty
percent of the total area of its sides open to the weather.
(36) Casino. An establishment that offers any form of legalized gambling authorized
under Title 23, Chapter 5, Parts 1 (except for Section 23-5-160 regarding shaking
dice or shake-a-day games) and 3 through 6, Montana Code Annotated, either as a
primary use or as an accessory use. Organizations and facilities designated as exempt
under state law shall not be classified as casinos.
(37) Catering Establishment. An establishment in which the principal use is the
preparation of food and meals on the premises, and where such food and meals are
delivered to another location for consumption.
(38) Change of Use. The replacement of an existing use by a new use, or a change in the
nature of an existing use, but not including a change of ownership, tenancy, or
management where the previous nature of the use, line of business, or other function
is substantially unchanged.
(39) Church. A building, together with its accessory buildings and uses, where persons
regularly assemble for religious worship, and which building, together with its
accessory buildings and uses, is maintained and controlled by a religious body
organized to sustain public worship.
(40) Clear Vision Triangle. As defined by City of Kalispell Ordinance No. 940A., it is
an area established within a triangular area formed by the intersection of the center
lines of the adjoining streets and a straight line connecting points on such center lines
eighty feet from such intersection, in which the height of landscaping and vegetation
is limited. (Figure 15)
Definitions - 186
Figure 15: Clear Vision Triangle
(41) Club. An incorporated or unincorporated association of persons organized for
social, fraternal, religious, athletic, educational, literary or charitable purposes whose
activities are confined to the members and their guests and are not extended to the
general public.
(42) Collector. A street or road having the equally important functions of moving traffic
and providing access to adjacent land. Collector streets have two traffic lanes and
two parking lanes.
(43) Commence. To start or begin; in relation to a project, “commence” means taking
active steps towards starting a project, as opposed to intentions, and includes, but is
not necessarily limited to, good faith efforts to secure financing, finalize plans,
acquire additional permits necessary for construction, site preparation/construction,
and/or actually beginning operation of the business/use. See also: abandonment.
(44) Commercial. Any activity conducted with the intent of realizing a profit from the
sale of goods or services to others.
(45) Community Center. A place, structure, area, or other facility used for and providing
religious, fraternal, social, or recreational programs. It is not operated for profit and
generally open to the public and designed to accommodate and serve the community.
(46) Conditional Use. “Conditional use” means a use that may be allowed in one or more
zones as defined by this ordinance but which, because of characteristics peculiar to
such use, or because of the size, technological processes or equipment, or because of
Definitions - 187
the exact location with reference to surroundings, streets and existing improvement
or demands upon public facilities, requires a special degree of control to make such
uses consistent with and compatible to other existing or permissible uses in the same
zone or zones.
(47) Condominium. An estate in real property consisting of an undivided interest in
common in a portion of a parcel of real property, together with a separate interest in
the space in a residential, industrial, or commercial building on such real property
such as an apartment, office, or store.
(48) Contractor’s Storage Yard. Open spaces used for the storage of machinery,
equipment, materials, and supplies used by the contractor in the pursuit of his
business. This is intended to be a yard owned or leased by a contractor engaged in
some kind of construction work.
(49) Day Care. A use which means care for children or adults other than the parent or
other person living with the individual on a regular basis for daily periods of less
than 24 hours, whether that care is for daytime or nighttime hours. Family day care
home means a place in which supplemental care is provided to three to six children
or adults on a regular basis. Group day care home means a place in which
supplemental care is provided to seven to 12 children or adults on a regular basis.
Day care center means a place in which care is provided to 13 or more children or
adults on a regular basis.
(50) Density. The number of dwelling units per gross acre in any residential
development.
(51) Detached. A building/structure surrounded on all sides by open space.
(52) Developed Properties. A lot upon which a principal structure is located upon or a
lot that is developed for its intended use (e.g. parking lot or park.)
(53) Discontinued Sign. A sign which no longer identifies or advertises a bona fide
business, service, product or activity on the property where it is located.
(54) District, Use. An area defined as to boundaries and location on an official zoning
map and within which area only certain types of land uses are permitted and within
which other types of land uses are excluded, as set forth in this ordinance.
(55) Dwelling. A building used for human residential purposes. (See also: Residential)
(56) Dwelling, Duplex. A building designed as two structurally joined dwelling units
and occupied exclusively by one family per dwelling unit living independently of
each other, and with separate entrances. “Structurally joined” means a substantial
Definitions - 188
structural connection with a roof and other features. “Structurally joined” shall not
include such improvements as decks, patios, architectural embellishments, below-
grade connections, or other connections not involving a substantial roof connection.
(Figure 16) (See also: Residential)
Figure 16: Dwelling, Duplex
(57) Dwelling, Multi-Family. A building or buildings attached to each other and
containing three or more dwelling units. The term “multi-family dwelling” is
intended to apply to such dwelling types as triplex, fourplex, or apartments where
any dwellings have their primary access to a common hallway or corridor or directly
to the outside. (See also: Residential)
(58) Dwelling, Single-Family. A building designed with living quarters for occupancy
by one household only, and containing one dwelling unit on a lot. A single-family
dwelling includes a dwelling unit in which residents rent a private bedroom with a
shared kitchen and bathroom facilities. (See also: Residential)
(59) Dwelling, Townhouse. Ownership of a parcel of land with an attached single-family
dwelling unit that is connected with one or more similar dwelling units but separated
from the other similar dwelling unit(s) by a common party wall having no doors,
windows or other provisions for human passage or visibility. In order to be
considered a townhouse as opposed to another dwelling type, such as a duplex or
multi-family dwellings, each of the attached dwelling units must have (a)
independent water and sewer service lines and metering pursuant to the applicable
Definitions - 189
plumbing code and any other city regulations; and (b) a two-hour fire wall separating
the unit from any adjoining units. (See also: Residential)
(60) Dwelling Unit. One or more rooms designed for or occupied by one household for
living or sleeping purposes and containing kitchen and bathroom facilities for use
solely by one household. All rooms comprising a dwelling unit shall have access
through an interior door to other parts of the dwelling unit. (See also: Residential)
(61) Dwelling Unit, Accessory. An accessory dwelling unit is a second dwelling unit on a property that is in a separate, detached structure from the first dwelling unit.
(62) Energy Production. Any facility or installation such as a windmill, hydroelectric
unit or solar collecting which is designed and intended to produce energy from
natural forces such as wind, water, sunlight, or geothermal heat, or from biomass, for
primarily off-site use.
(63) Enlarged. For structures, additions which increase the square footage of the
structure; for uses, expansion of services offered or an increase in the square footage
of the building or lot occupied.
(64) Environmental Factors. Physical characteristics such as streams, rivers, hills,
ponds, wetlands and high ground water which affect development of the land. This
includes but is not limited to slopes in excess of 30%, the 100-year floodplain and
critical wildlife habitat.
(65) Extractive Industries. “Extractive industries” are commercial or industrial
operations involving the removal and processing of natural accumulations of sand,
rock, soil, gravel or any mineral.
(66) Factory-Built Housing. A factory assembled structure intended for residential use
that (a) is equipped with the necessary service connections but not made to be readily
movable as a unit or units; (b) is designed to be used with a permanent foundation;
and (c) is not certified by the United States Department of Housing and Urban
Development but meets in the inspection requirements of Title 50, Chapter 60, Part
4 of the Montana Code Annotated.
(66) Fairgrounds. An area wherein buildings, structures, and land area used for
agricultural-related offices, animal shows and judging, carnivals, circuses,
community meetings, recreational uses, concerts, food booths and stands, games,
rides, rodeos, sales and auctions, and similar uses. Public fairgrounds also may
include temporary recreational vehicle parking and camping if done in conjunction
with a sponsored event.
Definitions - 190
(67) Fence. A masonry wall or a barrier composed of posts connected by boards, rails,
panels or wire for the purpose of enclosing space or separating parcels of land. The
term “fence” does not include retaining walls.
(68) Fixture. The assembly that holds a lamp and may include an assembly housing, a
mounting bracket or pole socket, a lamp holder, ballast, a reflector or mirror, and a
refractor or lens.
(69) Floodplain. The areas subject to the City of Kalispell Floodplain Management
Ordinance, generally the channel of a river or stream and the area adjoining a river
or stream, which would be covered by floodwater of a base flood except for
designated shallow flooding areas that receive less than one foot of water per
occurrence. The floodplain consists of a floodway and a floodway fringe.
(70) Food Bank. An establishment operated by a non-profit entity for the distribution of
groceries to the general public for free.
(71) Food Processing – Heavy. The preparation, processing, or canning and packaging
of food products. Associated preparation, processing, canning or packaging of food
may generate noise, vibration, smoke, or odors outside of the structure housing the
activity or off-site.
(72) Food Processing – Light. The preparation, processing, or canning and packaging
of food products. Associated preparation, processing, canning or packaging of food
would typically not generate noise, vibration, smoke or odor outside of the structure
housing the activity.
(73) Forest Products and Manufacturing. An establishment which utilizes wood in
conjunction with mechanical or chemical transformations to create new wood
products such as boards, veneers, particle board and fiber board for construction
purposes.
(74) Four Sided Architecture. Design of a building to create a street view design
elements to all sides of a building.
(75) Frontage. The length of the property line of any one premise along a public right-
of-way on which it borders.
(76) Frontage, Lot. The distance for which the front boundary line of the lot and the
street line are coincident.
(77) Garage. An accessory building or an accessory portion of the main building,
enclosed on not less than three sides and designed or used only for the shelter of
Definitions - 191
vehicles owned or operated by the occupants of the main building or buildings and
which does not exceed 1,000 square feet in size.
(78) Gateway Entrances. A street, typically an arterial street, that is one of the main
thoroughfares into and out of the city as identified on the Kalispell Land Use Plan
Future Lane Use Map.
(79) Glare. Direct light emitted by a luminaire that causes reduced vision or momentary
blindness.
(80) Golf Course. A tract of land laid out for playing a game of golf and improved with
tees, greens, fairways, and hazards. A golf course may include a clubhouse (which
may include a restaurant, bar and limited retail), restrooms, driving range, and
shelters as accessory uses.
(81) Grade. The average level of the finished ground surfaces surrounding a structure,
within a distance of 20 feet.
(82) Greenhouses, Nursery, Landscaping Materials. An establishment where flowers,
shrubbery, vegetables, trees, and other horticultural and floricultural products are
grown both in open and enclosed buildings and includes the storage and sale of dirt,
rocks, bark, mulch and similar complimentary materials for the landscaping and
growing of flowers, shrubbery, vegetables and trees.
(83) Gross Acreage. The entirety of the area within the boundaries of the proposed
development properties.
(84) Gross Area. The area of a lot including all private accessways, roadway and/or alley
easement within the lot boundaries.
(85) Group Home. A residential facility for eight or fewer persons (as a protected use
under state law) or for nine or more persons, excluding the supervisors/operators,
providing living facilities, sleeping rooms and meals and which shall have a permit
issued by the appropriate governmental agency (See Section 76-2-412, MCA). This
definition also includes a youth foster home, a kinship foster home, a youth shelter
care facility, a transitional living program, or youth group home as further defined in
Section 52-2-602 MCA; a halfway house operated in accordance with regulations of
the department of public health and human services for the rehabilitation of
alcoholics or drug dependent persons; a licensed adult foster family care home; or an
assisted living facility licensed under Section 50-5-227 MCA.
(87) Heavy Equipment, Sales and Service. The sale and repair of large equipment
including but not limited to: trucks with greater than a one and one-half ton rating,
Definitions - 192
cranes, crawler-type tractors, earth movers, dump trucks, and other equipment of
equal or greater size and weight.
(88) Heavy Industrial. Industrial uses and services that include the processing of raw
materials (timber, wood chips, minerals, gravel, etc.) and use yards or out buildings
for the storage and manipulation of the raw materials. Uses include, but are not
limited to, mills, refineries, crushing facilities, stamping facilities, etc. These uses
are often, but not always, associated with by-products.
(89) Home Occupation. A home occupation is any occupation, profession, activity or
use which is clearly a customary, incidental and secondary use of a residential
dwelling unit and which does not alter the exterior of the property or affect the
residential character of the neighborhood.
(90) Homeowner’s Park. A park which has been dedicated as part of a subdivision for
the primary use by the property owners within the subdivision, and is maintained
through private funds provided from annual fees paid to the homeowner’s
association. A homeowner’s park may include a community center.
(91) Hotel/Motel. A building, containing five or more individual sleeping rooms or
suites, each having a private bathroom attached thereto, for the purpose of providing
overnight lodging facilities to the general public for compensation with or without
meals, excluding accommodations for employees. Where a hotel/motel is permitted
as a principal use, all uses customarily and historically accessory thereto for the
comfort, accommodation and entertainment of the patrons, including the service of
alcoholic beverages, shall be permitted upon proper licensure. However, any use
classified as a “casino” shall be considered to be a separate principal use on the
property and shall be subject to the appropriate regulations under this ordinance.
(92) Interior Lot Lines. The common boundary line between two or more adjoining lots
under common ownership.
(93) Kennel, Animal Shelters. The boarding, breeding, raising, grooming, or training of
five or more dogs, cats, or other household pets of any age not owned by the owner
or occupant of the premises, and/or for commercial gain. Doggie day-cares and
similar uses are included within this definition.
(94) Laboratories, Tech Research, Development and Testing. A building or group of
buildings in which are located facilities for scientific research, development, testing,
assembly, repair, and manufacturing such as: biotechnology, pharmaceuticals,
medical instrumentation or supplies, communications and information technology,
electronics and instrumentation, and computer hardware and software. Office,
Definitions - 193
warehousing, wholesaling, and distribution of the finished products produced at the
site are allowed as part of this use.
(95) Lamp. The component of a luminaire that produces the light.
(96) Land Use Plan. A general long-range plan which guides development and growth of
the city and is officially adopted by the Kalispell City Council.
(96) Landfills. A lot or portion thereof used for the burial of non-hazardous and non-
medical farm, residential, institutional, commercial, or industrial waste.
(97) Landscaping. Some combination consisting primarily of planted, living trees,
shrubs, hedges, vines, ground cover and flowers suitable for the climate, exposure
and site condition. In addition, the combination or design may include earth
sculpture, cobble, bark, mulch, edgers, flower tubs, rock and such structural features
as foundations, pools, art works, screens, walls, fences or benches, but such objects
alone shall not meet the requirements of this provision. The selected combination of
objects and plants for landscaping purposes shall be arranged in a harmonious
manner compatible with the building and its surroundings.
(98) Light Emitting Surface. Any part of a fixture (lamp, diffuser) which emits light
rays.
(99) Light Manufacturing. The manufacturing, fabricating or casting of individual
components of a larger unit or a complete unit. All such processing must occur
indoors and would not typically generate noise, vibration, smoke, dust or odor
detectable at the property boundary line. Furthermore, all new materials and final
components should be limited in size, bulk and weight so that they could be handled
by one worker without the aid of machines.
(100) Light Pollution. General sky glow caused by the scattering of artificial light in the
atmosphere, much of which is caused by poorly designed luminaire.
(101) Light Shield. Any attachment which interrupts and blocks the path of light emitted
form a luminaire or fixture.
(102) Light Source. A single artificial point source of luminescence that emits measurable
radiant energy in or near the visible spectrum.
(103) Light Trespass. Light emitted by a luminaire that shines beyond the boundaries of
the property on which the luminaire is located.
(104) Loading Space. A space or berth used for the loading or unloading of cargo,
products, or materials from vehicles.
Definitions - 194
(105) Lot. A parcel of land, tract, or lot on file and of record in the office of the Clerk and
Recorder, Flathead County, Montana. A zoning lot may include multiple contiguous
lots held in single ownership upon written determination by the Zoning
Administrator.
(106) Lot Area. The total horizontal area within the boundary lines of a lot. Where surface
utility or street easements are located within a parcel, lot area computation shall not
include that area contained within the easement.
(107) Lot Coverage. The total area of a lot covered by the principal and accessory
buildings, or structures including any area occupied by overhangs or roofs and any
attachment to a building or structure, but excluding (a) open decks less than 30 inches
in height. (Measured from grade to top of the platform); and (b) an eave extending
up to two feet from the exterior wall of the building or structure.
Figure 17: Lot Types and Setbacks
(108) Lot, Flag. An irregularly shaped lot typified by being almost entirely land-locked
and having limited access and/or no direct frontage. Access to a public or private
street is typically by an extended strip of land either deeded or by easement. For
development setbacks, the property boundary abutting a public or private street shall
be the front of the lot with the associated front setback; all other lot line setbacks
shall adhere to the rear setback requirement of the district.
Definitions - 195
(109) Lot, Interior. A lot fronting on one street. (See Figure 17 above)
(110) Lot, Length. The length (or depth) of a lot shall be:
(a) If the front and rear lines are parallel, the shortest distance between the lines.
(b) If the front and rear lines are not parallel, the shortest distance between the
midway point of the front lot line and midpoint of the real lot line.
(c) If the lot is triangular, the shortest distance between the front lot line and a
line parallel to the front lot line, not less than ten feet long lying along the
rear of the lot but still wholly within the lot.
(111) Lot Line. (See Figure 17 above)
(a) Lot, Front – The front property line of a lot shall be determined as follows:
1. Corner Lot – The front property line of a corner lot shall be the shorter
of the two lines adjacent to the streets as platted, subdivided or laid
out. Where the lines are equal, the front line shall be that line which
is obviously the front by reason of the prevailing custom of the other
buildings on the block. If such front is not evident, then either may be
considered the front of the lot, but not both.
2. Interior Lot – The front property line of an interior lot shall be the line
bounding the street frontage.
3. Through Lot – The front property line of a through lot shall be that
line which is obviously the front by reason of the prevailing custom
of the other buildings in the block. Where such front property line is
not obviously evident, the Zoning Administrator shall determine the
front property line. Such a lot over 200 feet deep shall be considered,
for the purpose of this definition, as two lots each with its own
frontage.
(b) Lot, Rear – The rear property line is that lot line opposite of the front property
line. Where the side property lines of a lot meet in a point, the rear property
line shall be assumed to be a line not less than ten feet long, lying within the
lot and parallel to the front property line. In the event that the front property
line is a curved line then the rear property line shall be assumed to be a line
not less than ten feet long, lying within the lot and parallel to a line tangent
to the front property line at its midpoint. Where a corner lot has been altered
through subdivision or boundary line adjustment resulting in a lot with
Definitions - 196
frontage on the street and a property line along an alley, the rear property line
shall be deemed to be that property line which would have been the rear
property line prior to the alteration.
(c) Lot, Side – The side property lines of a lot are those lot lines connecting the
front and the rear property lines of a lot.
(d) Lot, Side Corner – On a corner lot, it is the remaining street frontage after the
front lot line has been determined.
(112) Lot, Through. A lot fronting on two streets that do not intersect on the
parcel’s lot lines. May be referred to as “double frontage lot”. (See figure 17
above)
(113) Lot Width. The dimension of the lot line at the street, or in an irregular
shaped lot the dimension across the lot at the building line, or in a corner lot
the narrow dimension of the lot at a street or building line.
(114) Luminaire. The complete lighting system, including the lamp and the
fixture.
(115) Manufactured Home. . A dwelling for a single household, built offsite in a
factory that is in compliance with the applicable prevailing standards of the
United States Department of Housing and Urban Development at the time of
its production. A manufactured home does not include a mobile home or
housetrailer as defined in Section 15-1-101, M.C.A.
(116) Manufacturing – Heavy. The manufacturing of products from raw or
unprocessed materials, where the finished product may be combustible or
explosive. This category shall also include any establishment or facility using
large unscreened outdoor structures such as conveyor belt systems, cooling
towers, cranes, storage silos, or similar equipment that cannot be integrated
into the building design, or engaging in large-scale outdoor storage. Any
industrial use that generates noise, odor, vibration, illumination, or particulate
that may be offensive or obnoxious to adjacent lands uses, or requires a
significant amount of on-site hazardous chemical storage shall be classified
under this land use. Heavy manufacturing may generate noise, vibration,
smoke, or odors outside of the structure housing the activity or off-site.
Activity may occur both indoors and outdoors.
(117) Manufacturing – Light. An establishment engaged in the indoor
manufacturing, assembly, fabrication, packaging or other industrial
Definitions - 197
processing of finished parts or products, primarily from previously prepared
materials where such process would not typically generate noise, vibration,
smoke or odor. Typically, all manufactured fabricated parts and the final
assembled or packaged product would be limited in size, bulk and weight so
that it could be handled by one worker without the aid of machines.
Furthermore, all activity usually occurs indoors.
(118) Marijuana. Marijuana means all plant material from the genus Cannabis
containing tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) or seeds of the genus capable of
germination. It does not include hemp, including any part of that plant,
including the seeds and all derivatives, extracts, cannabinoids, isomers, acids,
salts, and salts of isomers, whether growing or not, with a delta-9
tetrahydrocannabinol concentration of not more than 0.3% on a dry weight
basis, or commodities or products manufactured with hemp, or any other
ingredient combined with marijuana to provide topical or oral
administrations, food, drink, or other products. The term also does not
include a drug approved by the United States Food and Drug Administration
pursuant to Section 505 of the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetics Act, 21
U.S.C. 301, et seq.
(119) Marijuana cultivation. A use operated by a person licensed by the State of
Montana to (a) plant, cultivate, grow, harvest, and dry marijuana; and (b)
package and relabel marijuana produced at the location in a natural or
naturally dried form that has not been converted, concentrated, or
compounded for sale through a licensed dispensary.
(120) Marijuana dispensary. A licensed premises from which a person licensed
by the State of Montana may (a) obtain marijuana or marijuana products from
a licensed cultivator, manufacturer, dispensary, or other licensee approved by
the State; and (b) sell marijuana or marijuana products to registered
cardholders, adults that are 21 years of age, or both.
(121) Marijuana manufacturing. A use operated by a person licensed by the
State of Montana to convert or compound marijuana into marijuana products,
marijuana concentrates, or marijuana extract and package, repackage, label,
or relabel marijuana products.
(122) Marquee. Any permanent roof-like structure projecting beyond a building
or extending along and projecting beyond the wall of the building, generally
designed and constructed to provide protection from the weather.
Definitions - 198
(123) Maximum sign area allowance. The total amount of sign area permitted for
a lot.
(124) Media (newspaper, radio, TV). Establishments primarily engaged in the
provision of broadcasting, electronic or printed publications containing
information and editorials on current events and news of general interest.
(125) Media, towers and facilities (accessory). A tower, pole, or similar structure
that supports a telecommunications antenna operated for receiving or
transmitting communication signals in the day to day operations of a media
company. Such tower, pole, or similar structure shall be located on the same
lot as the media company utilizing such equipment.
(126) Micro-Brewery, Brew Pub and Mini-Brewery. A brewery where the total
amount of beer sold or delivered directly to all retailers does not exceed
10,000 barrels a year and is licensed in accordance with state law.
(127) Mini-Storage/Recreational Vehicle Storage. Storage facilities intended
primarily for domestic usage and generally do not exceed 400 square feet per
unit.
(128) Moved. The physical act of transporting a structure from one location on a
lot to another location on the same lot or from one lot in the city to a different
lot in the city.
(129) Nameplate. A non-electric on-premise identification sign giving only the
name, address, and/or occupation of an occupant or group of occupants.
(130) Neighborhood. Less than city-wide in scale. Typically this would be an area
of one-half (1/2) mile, but not more than one mile, in radius which has a set
of unifying characteristics such as housing style or quality, similar income
strata, economic livelihood, topographic features, local recreational facilities
or convenience shopping. Residents would normally be within walking
distance of basic convenience services. Factors such as a railroad and
highway rights-of-way, major streets, rivers and severe topographic
constraints will form boundaries and serve to separate neighborhoods.
(131) NITS. Visible light intensity commonly used to specify brightness of a LCD
computer display. One nit is equivalent to one candela per square meter.
(132) Nonconforming. A condition that occurs when, on the effective date of
adoption of this code or a previous ordinance or on the effective date of an
ordinance text amendment or rezoning, an existing lot, structure, building,
sign, development, or use of an existing lot or structure does not conform to
Definitions - 199
one or more of the regulations currently applicable to the district in which the
lot, structure, building, sign, development, or use is located.
(133) Office – Medical with Limited Overnight Stay. A facility other than a
hospital where human patients may be lodged overnight for up to five days
for examination and treatment by a group of physicians or other health care
professionals.
(134) Office, Professional/Governmental. An office for the use of a person or
persons generally classified as professionals, such as architects, engineers,
attorneys, accountants, doctors, dentists, chiropractors, psychiatrists,
psychologists, and the like (but wherein no overnight care for patients is
given). This would also include, but not be limited to, title companies, travel
agencies, insurance companies, real estate offices, and other persons
providing services utilizing training in and knowledge of the mental
discipline as distinguished from training in occupations requiring mechanical
skill or manual dexterity or the handling of commodities.
(135) Office Zoning Map. The map delineating the boundaries of zoning districts
which, along with the zoning text, comprises the zoning ordinance.
(136) Off-Street Loading Berth. A space, exclusive of driveways, aisles,
maneuvering areas, ramps, and landscaping areas for the temporary parking
of a commercial vehicle while loading or unloading goods or materials, and
which abuts upon a street, alley, or other appropriate means of access.
(137) Off-Street Parking. Parking facilities for motor vehicles on other than a
public street or alley.
(138) Open Space. Any part of a lot unobstructed by structure(s) from the ground
upward. Any area used for parking or maneuvering of automotive vehicles or
storage of equipment or refuse shall not be deemed open space.
(139) Pack and Ship Shops. A small, primarily retail establishment which, in
addition to selling supplies for mailing and shipping, would accept packages
for shipping through private carriers. A public post office is not a pack and
ship shop.
(140) Parent Lot. In instances where sublots are created, the parent lot is defined
as the land within the exterior boundaries of those sublots which are intended
to have adjoining structures and intended to be developed with townhouse-
style construction with no setbacks along the interior sublot lines within the
Definitions - 200
parent lot. Setbacks and other property development standards are applied to
the external boundaries of the parent lot.
(141) Parking lot. Any area used for the parking of one or more motor vehicles or
used for the display or storage of one or more motor vehicles, trailers, or other
similar items.
(142) Parks. A noncommercial, not-for-profit facility designed to serve the
recreation needs of the residents of the community. Such facilities include
mini parks, neighborhood parks, community parks, large urban parks,
regional parks, and special use areas, linear parks and open spaces, all as
described in the Parks and Recreation Comprehensive Master Plan. Such
facilities may also include, but shall not be limited to, ball fields, football
fields, soccer fields, and pools/spray parks if they meet the above definition.
Public parks may include temporary (one week or less) recreational vehicle
parking and camping if done in conjunction with a sponsored event and at no
charge. Commercial amusement facilities, such as water slides, go-cart
tracks, and miniature golf courses and passive open spaces shall not be
considered parks. (See also: Homeowner’s Park)
(143) Permanent. Having attachment to the ground through the use of a footing
and foundation system in conformity with existing building codes.
(144) Permanent Residence. An individual’s primary place of abode.
(145) Permitted Use. Any use authorized or permitted alone or in conjunction with
another use in a specified district and subject to the limitations of the
regulations of such use district.
(146) Person. For the purposes of this chapter, any individual, corporation,
association, firm, partnership, or similarly defined interest.
(147) Photographic Studios. An establishment primarily engaged in the business
of taking and processing photos, typically with a room designed for portrait
sessions, as distinguished from a retail store which would process photos
taken by a customer.
(148) Platted Lot Lines. Lot lines established through the subdivision process.
(149) Point of Purchase Display. Advertising of a retail item accompanying its
display, e.g., an advertisement on a product dispenser.
(150) Pre-Release Center. Pre-release centers are community based correctional
facilities operated by either the State or non-profit Montana corporations
Definitions - 201
under contract with the Department of Corrections. The facilities provide
supervision, counseling, assistance in locating employment, life skills
training, and guidance. They function as a component of the State
correctional system.
(151) Principal Use. The primary or predominant use to which the property is or
may be devoted, and to which all other uses on the premises are accessory.
(152) Principal Structure. The main structure on a property which would
typically house a principal use.
(153) Print and Copy Shops. An establishment primarily engaged in the business
of providing services related to photocopying, printing, and production of
documents for individual customers, as opposed to larger scale
printing/publishing operations.
(154) Property Development Standards. Standards general relating to bulk and
dimensional requirements which govern the development of land and/or
structures.
(155) Quasi-Public. Any facility to which a class or a group of the public is
permitted to attend or use subject to the regulations of a club or other
organization owning or regulating such facility.
(156) Rail Industrial Park. A subdivision with uses directly served by railroad
and each individual sub-use is listed as a permitted or conditionally permitted
use within the zone where the subdivision sits.
(157) Reader Board. Any sign which is designed to intermittently change copy,
whether electronically, manually, or by changing panels. In relation to
electronic reader boards, this definition encompasses any sign that uses
changing lights to form a sign message or messages wherein the sequence of
messages and rate of change is electronically programmed and can be
modified by electronic processes.
(158) Reconstructed. The rebuilding of a structure in such a manner and to such
an extent as to substantially replace the existing structure.
(159) Recreational Area, Indoor. A commercial recreational land use conducted
entirely within a building, including, but not necessarily limited to, an arcade,
bowling alley, gymnasium, pool or billiard hall, skating rink, swimming pool,
or tennis court.
Definitions - 202
(160) Recreational Area, Outdoor. Predominantly participant uses conducted in
open or partially enclosed or screened facilities. Typical uses include driving
ranges, go-karts, miniature golf, swimming pools, and tennis courts.
(161) Recreation Vehicle. A travel trailer or camping trailer designed to be towed,
motorized homes, and pick-up campers or coaches designed and constructed
for human habitation, which can be operated independently of utility
connections and designed to be used principally as a temporary dwelling for
travel, recreation and vacation and is not intended for permanent or year-
round habitation.
(162) Recreational Vehicle Park. Any lot, tract or parcel of land used or offered
for use in whole or in part with or without charge for the parking of occupied
recreational vehicles, tents or similar devices used for temporary (i.e. 180
days or less) living quarters for recreational camping or travel purposes. (See
also: Campground).
(163) Repairs and Maintenance. The repair or replacement of fixtures, wiring,
roofing, plumbing, or structural components not exceeding 25% of the
replacement value of the building or structure.
(164) Replacement Permit. In relation to billboards, it is a permit issued to anyone
who permanently removes a lawfully existing billboard which allows the
installation of a new billboard at the same or different location.
(165) Residential. Regularly used by its occupants as a permanent place of abode,
which is made one’s home as opposed to one’s place of business and which
has housekeeping and cooking facilities for its occupants only. In situations
where a dwelling is rented or leased, a residential use would involve lease
periods of one month or more unless the provisions of Section 27.20.095
relating to short term residential rental standards are met.
(166) Residential Care Home or Facility. A facility that provides for long-term
residence with one or more of the following types of care: 24-hour per day
substitute care, food, lodging, training, education, supervision, habilitation,
rehabilitation, and treatment they need, but which for any reason cannot be
furnished in the person’s own home.
(167) Restaurant. Any land, permanent building, structure or portion thereof,
where food is provided for sale for consumption on the premises for three or
more persons, or where food is prepared and sold for consumption off the
premises, including a café, coffeehouse, lunchroom, tearoom, dining room,
drive-in, carry-out, or other similar establishments, shall be considered a
Definitions - 203
restaurant; however, any establishment where the preparation of food is
merely incidental to the sale of food products, such as grocery stores and food
markets, shall not be included. Restaurants and cafeterias connected with the
operations of hospitals, nursing homes, boarding houses, schools, and private
industry for employees and their guests shall be considered as accessory to
the principal use.
(168) Retail. A business serving the consumer needs of the general public as
opposed to a business that is a producer or a wholesaler of goods. Retail
businesses include, but are not limited to the following:
shops/stores/businesses that sell gifts, cards, appliances, art, art supplies,
automobile parts, bicycles, books, stationary, camera supplies, clothing,
flowers, groceries, furniture, garden supplies, hardware, toys, paint, shoes,
sporting goods, wall and floor coverings, jewelry, electronics, pet and pet
supplies, and/or crafts. Except as otherwise referenced elsewhere in this
ordinance, other uses specifically listed as permitted or conditional uses in
Section 27.04 through 27.18 shall not be deemed retail businesses for the
purpose of this ordinance.
(169) Retail, Limited. A retail use limited to a specified list provided in the
ordinance.
(170) Right-of-Way. Any road or street maintained and used for access and travel.
A right-of-way includes not only the constructed roadway, but also the
entirety of the strip of land acquired by reservation, dedication, prescription,
or condemnation, or otherwise set aside, for purposes of the right-of-way. A
right-of-way may be either private (not publicly owned and maintained) or
public.
(171) Right-of-Way Line. The lines that form the boundaries of the right-of-way.
(172) Road. See “Street.”
(173) Safe Houses. A safe house is typically operated as a community based non-
profit organization intended to stop abuse in the family environment by
providing crisis intervention, shelter services for abuse victims, counseling,
advocacy and education without regard to gender, age, race or economic
status. The safe house will typically operate on a 24 hour basis providing
victims of domestic violence and their children a refuge from their abusers.
(174) School, Commercial. A building where instruction is given to pupils in arts,
crafts or trades, and operated as a commercial enterprise as distinguished
from K-12 schools and college/universities endowed and/or supported by
Definitions - 204
public taxation, or similar private institutions. This category of use would
also include such forms of instruction as music lessons, martial arts studios
and dance studios.
(175) Scrap Processing Yard (Recycle/Metal Yard). Outdoor establishments
primarily engaged in assembling, breaking up, sorting, and the temporary
storage and distribution of recyclable or reusable scrap and waste materials,
including auto wreckers engaged in dismantling automobiles for scrap, and
the incidental wholesale or retail sales of parts from those vehicles. Includes
light and heavy processing facilities for recycling.
(176) Service Area. An outdoor area on a lot primarily used for loading, waste
disposal, deliveries, and/or similar activities.
(177) Setback. The horizontal distance required between any structure (i.e. the
furthest extension of the structure, typically an eave line or deck, except as
otherwise specifically allowed under this ordinance) and a lot line. This
distance is to be measured at right angles to the lot line. The setback line shall
be parallel with the lot line.
(178) Sexually Oriented Business. Sexually oriented business means an adult
arcade, adult bookstore or adult video store, adult cabaret, adult motel, adult
motion picture theater, adult theater, escort agency, nude model studio, or
similar facilities.
(179) Shelter. A facility operated by a public or private party wherein the
temporary boarding of the transient, homeless, or indigent is provided as a
public service to satisfy a demonstrated public need.
(180) Shielded. In relation to light fixtures, shielded means a solid or opaque
covering made of metal, plastic, or similar material which creates a full cut-
off fixture by blocking light emitting from above a 90 degree angle.
(181) Shooting and Archery. The use of an outdoor area (outdoor) or a structure
(indoor) for archery and/or the discharging of firearms for the purposes of
target practice or temporary competitions.
(182) Shopping Center. One or more buildings containing at least three separate
businesses planned, developed and managed as a unit, with off-street parking
provided on the property.
(183) Showroom. A use that is primarily industrial in nature but provides limited
show room and/or retail floor area for the purpose of display and sales. The
predominate industrial character of the business would be established by
Definitions - 205
recognized product storage, warehousing, and distribution of products. These
business uses should include the manufacture, storage and distribution of
items as a primary component of the business. The use may include delivery
of items as a routine and regular part of conducting business. This may
include warehousing, staging and rental or sale of large items or products.
This would not include large scale retail outlets that routinely warehouse and
hold large inventories.
(184) Sign. Any device, structure, fixture, attractant, object, holographic,
projected or electronic image, lighting or placard using graphics, symbols,
and/or written copy designed specifically for the purpose of advertising or
identifying any establishment, product, goods, or service.
Figure 18: Sign Types
Definitions - 206
(a) Banner. A sign made of fabric or any non-rigid material with no
enclosing framework.
(b) Campaign and election. For the purposes of this ordinance, a
temporary sign used in connection with a local, state, or national
election or ballot measure.
(c) Canopy. Any sign that is a part of or attached to an awning, canopy,
or other fabric, plastic, or structural protective cover over a door,
entrance, window, or outdoor service area. A marquee is not a canopy.
(Figure 18)
(d) Construction Sign. A temporary sign identifying an architect,
contractor, subcontractor, and/or material supplier participating in
construction on the property on which the sign is located.
(e) Directional/Information Sign. An on-premise sign giving
directions, instructions, or facility information and which may contain
the name or logo of an establishment but no advertising copy, e.g.,
parking or exit and entrance signs.
(f) Freestanding and Groud Signs. A sign supported upon the ground
by poles or braces and not attached to any building. A sign attached
to a fence or freestanding wall shall be considered to be a freestanding
sign. (Figure 18)
Definitions - 207
(g) Government or Traffic Sign. Any temporary or permanent sign
erected and maintained by the city, county, state or federal
government for traffic direction or for designation of or direction to
any school, hospital, historical site, or public service, property, or
facility.
(h) Identification Sign. A sign whose copy is limited to the name and
address of a building, institution, or person and/or to the activity or
occupation being identified.
(i) Incidental Sign. A sign, generally informational, that has a purpose
secondary to the use to the zone lot on which it is located, such as “no
parking,” “entrance,” “loading only,” “telephone,” and other similar
directives. No sign with a commercial message legible from a position
off the zone lot on which the sign is located shall be considered
incidental.
(j) Inflatable. A sign displayed as part of a display inflated with air or
other gas, such as a balloon or inflatable character.
(k) Interior Window Signs. Signs mounted on the inside of a building
window or displayed in a manner so as to be visible through such a
window. (Figure 18)
(l) Marquee Sign. Any sign attached to or supported by a marquee
structure. (Figure 18)
(m) Off-Premise Sign. A sign structure advertising an establishment,
merchandise, service or entertainment, which is not sold, produced,
manufactured or furnished at the property on which the sign is
located. This does not include billboards, which are defined
separately herein.
(n) Political Sign. For the purposes of this ordinance, a temporary sign
used in connection with a political issue.
(o) Portable Sign. Any sign not permanently attached to the ground or
other permanent structure, or a sign designed to be transported,
including, but not limited to, signs designed to be transported by
means of wheels; signs converted to A or T-frames; reader boards;
menu and sandwich board signs; balloons used as signs; umbrellas
used for advertising; and signs attached to, placed on or painted on
vehicles parked and visible from the public right-of-way, unless said
Definitions - 208
vehicle is used in the normal day-to-day operations of the business.
(Figure 19)
(p) Projecting Sign. A sign, other than a flat wall sign, which is attached
to and projects from a building wall or other structure not specifically
designed to support the sign. (Figure 18)
(q) Real Estate Sign. A temporary sign advertising the real estate upon
which the sign is located as being for rent, lease, or sale.
(r) Roof. Any sign erected over or on the roof of a building. (Figure 18)
(s) Sandwich board. An advertising or business ground sign
constructed in such a manner as to form an “A” or a tent-like shape,
hinged or not hinged at the top. (Figure 19)
(t) Snipe Sign. A temporary sign or poster affixed to a tree, fence, etc.
(u) Subdivision Identification Sign. A freestanding or wall sign
identifying a recognized subdivision, condominium complex, or
development.
(v) Subdivision Sales. A sign erected in conjunction with the initial sale
of lots within a subdivision.
(w) Temporary Sign. A sign not constructed or intended for long-term
use. (Figure 19)
Figure 19: Sign Types (Temporary Signs)
Definitions - 209
(x) Wall Sign. A sign attached parallel to and extending not more than
18 inches from the wall of a building. This definition includes painted,
individual letter, and cabinet signs, and signs on a mansard. (Figure
18)
(181) Sign, Area of.
Figure 20
The area of the sign shall be measured as follows:
(a) The area around and enclosing the perimeter of each cabinet, module,
or other signage shall be summed and then totaled to determine total
Definitions - 210
area. The perimeter of measurable area shall not include
embellishments such as pole covers, framing, decorative roofing, etc.,
provided that there is not written advertising copy on such
embellishments. (Figure 20)
(b) The area of each cabinet, module, or other signage shall be within a
single, continuous perimeter composed of straight lines which
encloses the extreme limits of the advertising message.
(182) Sign Face. A side of the sign upon which advertising copy is placed. A sign
face may have multiple cabinets or modules. A double-faced sign is typically
comprised of two parallel faces oriented in opposite directions, but would
refer to any sign with an angle of 30 degrees or less. Signs with an angle of
more than 30 degrees are considered a single face. (Figures 20 and 4)
(183) Sign Height. The vertical distance measured from the highest point of the
sign, including decorative embellishments, to the surface grade beneath the
sign. (See figure 20)
(184) Sight Obscuring. In relation to fences and landscaping, sight obscuring
means the creation of a visual buffer between adjoining uses, or between a
use and a right-of-way.
(185) Site Built Home. A residential structure constructed on the lot where it is
intended to be permanently located.
(186) Small Engines. Engines generally associated with lawnmowers, motorcycle
engine, outboard motors, chain saws, tillers and the like. Does not include
automobile engines.
(187) Stacking Space. A place designed for cars to temporarily wait while in a
drive-through lane. Vehicles in stacking spaces typically are left running with
the driver remaining in the vehicle.
(188) Storage Containers. Any factory-built container or part thereof designed or
used for freight or storage and includes Conex boxes and sea-land containers.
Conex boxes are lockable box-like containers designed for use by businesses
to ship supplies overseas. Sea-land trailers are semi-truck trailers with
detachable undercarriages that can be stacked for ship or rail transport.
(189) Storage Warehouse/Yard. Any lot, or portion of a lot, which is used for the
sole purpose of the outdoor storage of fully operable motor vehicles,
construction equipment, construction materials, or other tangible materials
and equipment.
Definitions - 211
(190) Streaming Video. In relation to signs, streaming video means the use or
moving video images as signage or as part of a display.
(191) Street. A public or private thoroughfare which affords the principal means
of access to abutting properties.
(192) Structure. A combination of materials constructed and erected permanently
on the ground or attached to something having a permanent location on the
ground, including signs. Not included are residential fences less than six feet
in height, driveways, sidewalks, patios and other at grade improvements,
retaining walls, rockeries, and similar improvements of a minor character less
than three feet in height.
(193) Structural Alterations/Modifications. Any change in the supporting
members of a structure, such as bearing walls or partitions, columns, beams
or girders, sign supports and frames, or any substantial change in the roof or
in the exterior walls.
(194) Structural Expansion. Any work which results in the enlargement of a
structure’s height, footprint, cubic content, or other measurement of size.
(195) Sublot. A portion of a platted lot designed for separate ownership from other
portions of the lot and used for townhouse or other construction that has
separate ownership of parcels. Areas of common ownership to be utilized as
open space, setback areas, or for other purposes are not considered to be
sublots.
(196) Tattoo Parlor. A commercial use involving the marking of skin of persons
with a design by a process of pricking or ingraining an indelible pigment or
by raising scars, or similar method. A tattoo parlor would also involve body
piercing on any body part below the neck, as opposed to beauty services.
(197) Telecommunication Companies and/or Radio Common Carriers. A
company that provides wireless services. As used in this subsection, “carrier”
shall also include companies that build telecommunications towers and lease
tower space to carriers.
(198) Telecommunication Towers and Cellular Communications Towers. A
tower, pole, or similar structure that supports a telecommunications antenna
operated for commercial purpose above ground in a fixed location,
freestanding, guyed, or on a building or other structures, as distinguished
from accessory media towers and facilities.
Definitions - 212
(199) Temporary. For the purposes of these regulations, temporary shall mean a
limited period of time, generally less than 180 days when in reference to a
time frame, or not having or requiring permanent attachment to the ground,
or involving structures which have not required permanent attachment to the
ground.
(200) Truck Terminal. Any premises used by a motor freight company as a carrier
of goods, which is the origin or destination point of goods being transported,
for the purpose of storing, transferring, loading, and unloading goods.
(201) Use. Any purpose for which a building or other structure or a tract of land
may be designed, arranged, intended, maintained, or occupied, or any
activity, occupation, business, or operation carried on or intended to be
carried on in a building or other structure or on a tract of land.
(202) Use District. (See District, Use)
(203) Utilities (Primary Distribution Site). A public or quasi-public service
performing some public service and subject to special governmental
regulations, or a governmental agency performing similar public services.
Such services would typically include, but are not limited to, water tanks,
electric substations, and TV cable antenna farms. This category is not
intended to cover utility lines, lift stations, and other standard minor
infrastructure components.
(204) Utility Storage Yards and Associated Offices. Open spaces used for the
storage of machinery, equipment, materials, and supplies used by the utility,
and offices used in support of the utility company.
(205) Veterinary Clinic, Large Animals. A building or premises for the medical
or surgical treatment of small or large animals or pets, including dog, cat,
livestock or other large animals. the boarding of hospitalized animals, but
excluding the boarding of animals not subjected to medical or surgical
treatment.
(206) Veterinary Clinic, Small Animals. A building or premises for the medical
or surgical treatment of small animals or pets, including dogs and cats but not
livestock or other large animals. This category includes the boarding of
hospitalized animals, but excludes the boarding of animals not subjected to
medical or surgical treatment.
(207) View-Obscuring. (See Sight-obscuring)
Definitions - 213
(208) Warehousing and Distribution. A use where goods are received and/or
stored for delivery to the ultimate customer at remote locations.
(209) Woodworking Shops, Mill Work. An establishment, relatively small in
scale, where furniture or other items made primarily of wood are constructed
through manual labor (with or without the use of power tools) as opposed to
larger scale operations, particularly those using automated equipment.
(210) Yard. A space on the same lot with a principal building, which is open and
unoccupied other than by steps, walks, terraces, driveways, lamp posts and
similar structures, and unobstructed by structures, except as otherwise
provided in this ordinance. (See also: Lot line)
(211) Yard, Required. The minimum dimension of a front, side, rear, or side
corner yard as established by the use regulations for each district.
(212) Zero Lot Line. In relation to sublots, zero lot line means that there is no
required setback from the interior sublot boundaries within the parent lot.
Appendix A- 214
APPENDIX A FIGURE A-1
MINIMUM PARKING LOT REQUIREMENTS ANGLED PERPENDICULAR
TURNING PARALLEL CLEARANCES
b Parking Section Width
d Aisle Width
e Curb Length Per Car
f Car Stall Width
Appendix A- 215
a b c d e f b’ c’
0- 36’ 8’ 20’ 23’ 8’ - -
- - - - - - - -
35- 56’ 18’ 20’ 14.8’ 8.5’ 49’ 14.5’
40- 57’ 18.5’ 20’ 13.2’ 8.5’ 50’ 15’
45- 58’ 19’ 20’ 12.0’ 8.5’ 51’ 15.5’
50- 59’ 19.5’ 20’ 11.1’ 8.5’ 53’ 16.5’
55- 60’ 20’ 20’ 10.4’ 8.5’ 55’ 17.5’
60- 60’ 20’ 20’ 9.8’ 8.5’ 55’ 17.5’
65- 60’ 20’ 20’ 9.7’ 8.8’ 56’ 18’
70- 60’ 20’ 20’ 9.6’ 9’ 57’ 18.5’
80- 64’ 20’ 24’ 9.5’ 9’ 64’ 20’
90- 64’ 20’ 24’ 9’ 9’ 64’ 20’
Appendix A- 216
a b c d e f b’ c’
0- 28’ 8’ 12’ 23’ 8’ - -
- - - - - - - -
35- 48’ 17.3’ 12’ 14.8’ 8.5’ 41’ 14.5’
40- 49’ 18.1’ 12’ 13.2’ 8.5’ 42’ 15’
45- 50’ 18.7’ 12’ 12.0’ 8.5’ 43’ 15.5’
50- 51’ 19.2’ 12’ 11.1’ 8.5’ 45’ 16.5’
55- 53’ 19.6’ 12’ 10.4’ 8.5’ 47’ 17.5’
60- 55’ 19.8’ 15’ 9.8’ 8.5’ 50’ 17.5’
65- 57’ 19.9’ 17’ 9.7’ 8.8’ 53’ 18’
70- 60’ 19.9’ 20’ 9.6’ 9’ 57’ 18.5’
80- 60’ 20’ 20’ 9.5’ 9’ 60’ 20’
90- 60’ 20’ 20’ 9.0’ 9’ 60’ 20’
Appendix B - 217
APPENDIX B TABLE OF USES ALLOWED BY ZONE
REVISED USE CATEGORIES
R-1
R-2
R-3
R-4
R-5
RA
-1
RA
-2
H-1
B-1
B-2
B-3
B-4
B-5
I-1
I-2
P-1
Residential Uses
Bed and breakfast C C C C C C C C C P P P
Day care - home (12 or fewer) P P P P P P P P P P P P
Day care - center (13 or more) C C C C C C C AC C P P P
Dwellings - single family P P P P P P P P P P P P
Dwellings – accessory dwelling unit P P P P P P P P P P P P
Dwellings - duplex P P P P P P P P P P P P
Dwellings - townhouse (2 attached units) P P P P P P P P P P P P
Dwellings - townhouse (3 or more attached units) C C C P P P P P P P P
Dwellings - multi-family P P P P P P P P
Group home - 8 or fewer persons
Group home - 9 or more persons C C C C C C C
Home occupations P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P
Mobile home park C
Residential care home or facility C C C C C C C C C C C C
Safe houses P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P
Appendix B - 218
Public, Civic & Institutional Uses
Aircraft hangers P P P
Airports and heliports C C
REVISED USE CATEGORIES
R-1
R-2
R-3
R-4
R-5
RA
-1
RA
-2
H-1
B-1
B-2
B-3
B-4
B-5
I-1
I-2
P-1
Assembly halls/stadiums/convention hall
facilities (includes auditoriums and racetracks)
C C C C C C C
Bus station P P P P P P P
Cemeteries, mausoleums and columbariums C C
Church C C C C P P P P P P P P P
Community center C C C C C C C C C P P P P P
Energy production C P C
Fairgrounds (public) P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P
Golf courses C C C C C C C C
Homeless shelters C C C C C C C C C
Hospital (including treatment centers and 24 hour care
facilities)
C C
Jail facilities P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P
Police and fire stations P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P
Libraries, museums and similar cultural facilities AC C P P P P P
Parks P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P
Post office P P P P P P
Pre-release centers and private jail facilities C C C C
Schools – K-12 (private) C C C C C C C C C C
Schools – K-12 (public) P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P
Appendix B - 219
Schools – post secondary (private) C C C C C C C C C C
Schools – post secondary
(public) P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P
Schools – commercial C C C C P P P P P P P
Appendix B - 220
REVISED USE CATEGORIES R-1
R-2
R-3
R-4
R-5
RA
-1
RA
-2
H-1
B-1
B-2
B-3
B-4
B-5
I-1
I-2
P-1
Telecommunication towers, cellular communication towers (including radio, TV,
internet, phone and cable providers)
C C C C
Utilities (primary distribution
site)
C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C
Retail, Service & Business Uses
Athletic club C P P P P
Auctions, indoor P P P P
Auto (RV, boats,
motorcycles) sales and/or repair P C C P P P
Auto or vehicle body shops C P P P
Auto parking - surface P P P P P P P P
Auto parking - structure C C P C P
Auto rental, limo, shuttle (taxi) services P P P P P
Auto service station C P P C P P P
Bakery P P P P P P P
Banks and financial institutions C P P P P P
Barber and beauty services P P P P P P P
Bars, taverns and clubs C AC AC AC P
Campground/RV parks C C
Car wash, auto detailing shop P P P P P P
Casino (refer to Section 27.34.040) C
Casino-accessory C C C C
Catering establishments P P P P P P P P
Food bank P P P P P P
Appendix B - 221
REVISED USE CATEGORIES R-1
R-2
R-3
R-4
R-5
RA
-1
RA
-2
H-1
B-1
B-2
B-3
B-4
B-5
I-1
I-2
P-1
Funeral homes and crematoriums P P P P P P P P
Greenhouses, nursery centers and landscaping materials C P P P
Hotel, motel P P P P
Janitor services P P P P
Laundromats or dry cleaners P P P P P P P P
Lumber/building material sales (with/outdoor display/storage) P P P
Marijuana dispensary AC AC
Media (newspaper, radio, TV) P P P P P P
Media, towers and facilities (accessory) P P P P P
Microbreweries, wineries,
distilleries, and tasting rooms C P P P P P P
Office - professional/governmental P P P P P P P P P P P
Office - medical with limited
overnight stay C P P P P P
Pack and ship shops P P P P P P P
Photographic studio P*1 P*1 P P P P P
Print and copy shops P P P P P P P
Recreation area, indoor P P P P P
Recreation area, outdoor C C C C C C
Rental service stores and yards P P P P
Repair shops (appliance) P C P P P
Repair shops (clothing, electronics) P P P P P P
Restaurants P P*2 P P P P
Retail business P P P P
Retail, limited P*3 P*4 P*5 P*5
Appendix B - 222
Sexually oriented business C C
Shooting/archery - indoor C AC AC P P P
REVISED USE CATEGORIES R-1
R-2
R-3
R-4
R-5
RA
-1
RA
-2
H-1
B-1
B-2
B-3
B-4
B-5
I-1
I-2
P-1
Shooting/archery - outdoor (archery only) C C C C
Small engine sales, service
and repair P C P P P
Tattoo parlor P P P P
Theaters P P P P
Veterinary clinic - small animals P P P P P P P
Veterinary clinic - large animals P P P
Industrial Uses
Aircraft maintenance/repair P P C
Art foundry, metal sculpture, molding and casting P P P
Asphalt batch plants C
Assembly - light P P P P P
Assembly - heavy P
Auction yards, livestock C C
Auto wrecking/salvage yards C C
Contractor's storage yard C P P P
Extractive industries C
Farm machinery assembly, repair and sales P P P
Feed/seed/processing/cleaning C P P
Fertilizer, bulk sales P P P
Film production studios P P P
Food processing - light P P P P
Food processing - heavy P
Appendix B - 223
Forest products and manufacturing C P
Foundry and metal
fabirication plants P
REVISED USE CATEGORIES
R-1
R-2
R-3
R-4
R-5
RA
-1
RA
-2
H-1
B-1
B-2
B-3
B-4
B-5
I-1
I-2
P-1
Fuel oil/gas/petroleum
products, bulk storage/sale C C C
Glazier P P P
Grain elevators C C C
HVAC/electrical/plumbing,
sales/service P C P P P
Heavy equipment sales/service P P P
Kennels, animal shelters AC AC AC AC
Laboratories, tech research, development and testing P P P P P P
Landfills C C
Laundries/dry cleaning plants P P P
Manufacturing - light (no smoke, fumes, odor, dust) P P P P
Manufacturing - heavy C
Manufactured home sales lot P
Marijuana cultivation AC AC
Marijuana manufacturing AC AC
Mini-storage/recreation vehicle storage AC AC AC AC
Rail Industrial Park P
Monument manufacture and sales C P P P C
Recycling center C P P
C C
Appendix B - 224
Footnotes
1. No retail.
2. No
outdoor
intercom; no
larger than
4, 000 sq ft.
3. Retail
uses include: florist, pharmacy, opticians, medical supplies and equipment, bookstores, and
similar uses.
4. Retail enterprises no larger than 4,000 sq ft., and office supply
5. Showrooms only.
Scrap processing yard (recycle/metal yard)
Taxidermy facilities P P P
Technology - research, design, engineering and
telecommunication facilities
P P P
Truck and trailer rental P P P
REVISED USE CATEGORIES
R-1
R-2
R-3
R-4
R-5
RA
-1
RA
-2
H-1
B-1
B-2
B-3
B-4
B-5
I-1
I-2
P-1
Truck terminal P P P
Utility storage yards and
associated offices C P P C
Warehousing and distribution P P P
Woodworking shops, mill
works P P P
Agricultural Uses
Agricultural and horticultural
uses P
Appendix C - 225
APPENDIX C PROPERTY DEVELOPMENT STANDARDS FOR ALL USES
R-1 R-2 R-3 R-4 R-5 RA-1 RA-2 H-1 B-1 B-2 B-3 B-4 B-5 I-1 I-2 P-1 MINIMUM LOT AREA (SF) *
15,000
7,500
4,500
4,500
4,500 +4,500/ each
unit beyond duplex
4,500 +2,250/ each unit beyond duplex
4,500 + 1,100/ each unit beyond duplex
5,250+ 1,100 each unit beyond duplex
5,250
5,250
0 0 5,250
5,250
5,250
5,250
MINIMUM LOT WIDTH (ft)
100 50 45 45 45 45 45 50 50 50 0 0 50 50 50 50
FRONT YARD SETBACK (ft) 20 20 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 0 0 20 20 40 15 SIDE YARD SETBACK (ft)*
20*** 10*** 5*** 5*** 5*** 5 5 5 5 5 0 0 5 10 20 5
REAR YARD SETBACK (ft)*
20 20 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 0 0 10 10 40 10
SIDE CORNER SETBACK (ft)
20 20 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 0 0 15 20 40 15
ATTACHED GARAGE/CAR-PORT SETBACK (Front and Side Corner) (ft)
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
-
-
20
Appendix C - 226
ACCESSORY STRUCTURE SETBACKS (ft)
See Section 27.20.002 for Accessory Structure Setbacks for all zones R-1 R-2 R-3 R-4 R-5 RA-1 RA-2 H-1 B-1 B-2 B-3 B-4 B-5 I-1 I-2 P-1 MAXIMUM BUILDING HEIGHT (ft)
35 35 35 35 35 45 45 60; unlimited w/CUP
60; unlimited w/CUP
60; unlimited w/CUP
60; unlimited w/CUP
60; unlimited w/CUP
60; unlimited w/CUP
60; unlimited w/CUP
60; unlimited w/CUP
60; unlimited w/CUP
PERMITTED LOT COVERAGE (%)
35 35 45 45 50 45 50 45 50 N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A 45
FRONT FENCE HEIGHT (ft) 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4
SIDE FENCE HEIGHT (ft) 6.5 6.5 6.5 6.5 6.5 6.5 6.5 6.5 6.5 6.5 6.5 6.5 6.5 8** 8** 6.5
REAR FENCE HEIGHT (ft) 6.5 6.5 6.5 6.5 6.5 6.5 6.5 6.5 6.5 6.5 6.5 6.5 6.5 8** 8** 6.5
SIDE CORNER FENCE HEIGHT (ft)
6.5 6.5 6.5 6.5 6.5 6.5 6.5 6.5 6.5 6.5 6.5 6.5 6.5 8** 8** 6.5
* Flag lots – property boundary abutting street(s) to meet the front setback requirement, all other lot line setbacks to meet the rear setback requirement. “Pole” portion of lot is not included in net acreage of lot. ** Option to increase side, rear and side corner fence heights by 2 feet with barbed wire in industrial zones. *** See Section 27.20.093 for allowable eave encroachment into setback
Kalispell City Planning Commission Minutes of the meeting of January 13, 2026 Page | 1
KALISPELL CITY PLANNING COMMISSION MINUTES OF REGULAR MEETING January 13, 2026
CALL TO ORDER AND ROLL CALL The regular meeting of the Kalispell City Planning Board and Zoning Commission was called to order at 6:00 p.m. Commission members present were Chad Graham, Doug Kauffman, Pip Burke (Zoom), Joshua Borgardt, Cate Walker (Zoom), Cody Hunter, and Rory Young. PJ Sorensen, Donnie McBath, and Kari Barnhart, and Kirstin Robinson represented the Kalispell Planning Department. Keith Haskins represented the Kalispell Public Works Department.
APPROVAL OF MINUTES Kauffman moved and Borgardt seconded a motion to approve the minutes of the December 9, 2025 meeting of the Kalispell City Planning Board and Zoning Commission.
VOTE BY ACCLAMATION The motion passed unanimously on a vote of acclamation.
HEAR THE PUBLIC KPP-25-05 – MOUNTAIN VIEW PH 2
File #KPP-25-05 – A request from Bison Hill, LLC for approval of the Mountain View Phase 2 Preliminary Plat, consisting of 51 residential lots on approximately 13.98 acres, including lots, streets, and open space, within the Mountain View Planned Unit Development (PUD). The property is located west of the U.S. 93 Alternate and north of Foys Lake Road. STAFF REPORT Donnie McBath representing the Kalispell Planning Department reviewed Staff report #KPP-25-05. Staff recommends that the Kalispell City Planning Commission adopt Staff Report #KPP-25-05 as findings of fact and recommend to the Kalispell City Council that the preliminary plat for Mountain View Phase 2 be approved, subject to the conditions listed on the staff report.
BOARD DISCUSSION None.
PUBLIC HEARING Mike Brodie – 431 1st Ave W – WGM - Representative for the applicant – Is available to answer any questions the commission may have.
MOTION – KPP-25-05 Kauffman moved and Young seconded that the Kalispell City Planning Commission adopt Staff Report #KPP-25-05 as findings of fact and recommend to the Kalispell City Council that the preliminary
plat for Mountain View Phase 2 be approved, subject to the conditions listed on the staff report. BOARD DISCUSSION None.
ROLL CALL – KPP-25-05 Motion passed unanimously on a roll call vote.
Kalispell City Planning Commission Minutes of the meeting of January 13, 2026 Page | 2
KALISPELL LAND USE PLAN – “PLAN-IT 2045”
Kalispell Land Use Plan – “PLAN-IT 2045” - In the 2023 legislative session, the Montana Legislature passed Senate Bill 382, which created the new Montana Land Use Planning Act. Under the Act, for cities such as Kalispell, the current growth policy, subdivision regulations, and zoning regulations are largely replaced with a new land use planning paradigm. The concept is that a land use plan is established with extensive public input. The plan then becomes a guiding document for land use decisions, many of which, such as subdivisions, become administrative rather than conducted through a public hearing process. The opportunity for the public to be engaged comes generally with the process establishing the plan and
regulations, not with review of a site-specific project. The land use plan identifies issues, goals, policies, and
recommendations, along with supporting information, relating to a broad range of land use issues, such as housing, local services and facilities, economic development, natural resources, and the
environment. It also includes a land use map identifying the type of zoning and development anticipated in an area as well as an implementation plan relating to items such as zoning and subdivision updates, housing strategies, infrastructure, and capital improvements. After a series of work sessions with the Planning Commission over the last year, meetings with stakeholder groups, and public outreach events, the Commission is holding this formal public hearing to take comment on the plan. The Commission’s recommendation will then be forwarded to the City Council for its consideration.
STAFF REPORT PJ Sorensen representing the Kalispell Planning Department reviewed the Staff report for Kalispell Land Use Plan.
Staff recommends that the Kalispell City Planning Commission adopt the Kalispell Land Use Plan – PLAN IT 2045 staff report as findings of fact and recommend to the Kalispell City Council that the Kalispell Land Use Plan – PLAN IT 2045 be adopted as presented. BOARD DISCUSSION Graham clarified with staff that Conditional Use Permits are reviewed with the same standards and criteria but are approved by staff. CUPs can be appealed by the Planning Commission and City Council. PUBLIC HEARING Kisa Davison – 312 6th Ave E – Supports the Land Use Plan because it may lead to quicker approval and lower costs. She is also concerned that the front-loaded process takes away public input.
Frank Garner – 315 Crestview Rd – Supports the Land Use Plan because it leads to predictability, efficiency, affordability, and
accessibility. Mark Friedline – 40 2nd St E – Executive Officer of the Flathead Building Association – Supports the Land Use Plan because it lowers some of the underlying costs of homebuilding and provided predictability for builders.
Kalispell City Planning Commission Minutes of the meeting of January 13, 2026 Page | 3
Adam de Yong – 1025 Meadowlark Ln – Representative for Climate Smart Glacier Country – Commends the draft but would like to see opportunities for preparedness expanded on the plan. He would also like the City to participate in FEMA’s community flood rating system. Wendy Brown – 828 6th Ave W – Supports the Plan and agrees with Ms. Davison’s and Mr. Garner’s comments. Merna Terry – Village Greens – Agrees with previous comments in support of the plan and appreciates the predictability it provides.
MOTION – KALISPELL LAND USE PLAN
Young moved and Kauffman seconded that the Kalispell City Planning Commission adopt the Kalispell Land Use Plan – PLAN IT 2045 staff report as findings of fact and recommend to the Kalispell City Council that the Kalispell Land Use Plan – PLAN IT 2045 be adopted as presented. BOARD DISCUSSION Young stated that regardless of the City’s outreach, the public will not be aware of building projects in the future. Graham is concerned with the lack of public attendance for this meeting and stated that
newcomers will not have a voice. He added that some projects demand a closer look and a public process that will not occur under the land use plan. Haskins responded to Kauffman’s request to respond to Evergreen Water & Sewer District’s comments. The City’s policy is to require annexation with municipal service. He stated that the Planning Commission could add “water quality” to the environmental factors but that it can be found in the document 27 times and is directly addressed in Chapter 6 and that Commercial
Housing and Annexation Policy maps can be updated. Walker would like to see water quality requirements added to the zoning regulations. Sorensen provided outreach statistics to Borgardt.
ROLL CALL – KALISPELL LAND USE PLAN
Motion passed 6-1 on a roll call vote. Young, Kauffman, Borgardt, Walker, Burke and Hunter voted in favor; Graham voted against the motion.
OLD BUSINESS Sorensen updated the commission on city council action on items
from the December Planning Commission meeting. NEW BUSINESS Sorensen updated the board on the upcoming Tuesday, February 10, 2026 Planning Commission Meeting and Work Session.
ADJOURNMENT The meeting adjourned at approximately 7:30 PM.
_____________________ ___________________ Chad Graham Kirstin Robinson President Recording Secretary APPROVED as submitted/amended: ___________
S83° 19' 57"E 24
8
.
7
0
'
N0
0
°
0
5
'
0
5
"
W
8
1
2
.
4
3
'
S86° 25' 50"E 456.01'
S45
°
3
7
'
1
2
"
W
1
7
0
7
.
1
3
'
S86° 26' 45"E 619.91'
N63° 5
9
'
4
1
"
E
3
0
8
.
1
1
'
N57° 17' 09"E 204.38'
N07° 49' 14"E 81.08'
N51° 22' 20"E 63.38'
C1
N0
6
°
3
0
'
1
8
"
E
3
0
8
.
3
9
'
S0
0
°
0
5
'
0
5
"
E
8
4
7
.
2
6
'
34.83'
C2 C3 C4
N87° 51' 39"W 16.12'
N0
3
°
2
7
'
1
1
"
E
1
6
5
4
.
6
8
'
S86° 11' 10"E 25.02'
N0
3
°
2
7
'
1
5
"
E
9
4
0
.
1
4
'
C5
N60° 17' 05"E 144.02'
N86° 19' 33"W
259.04'
R
1
0
R11
R1
2
R1
3
R1
4
R1
5
80.00'
S21° 52' 20"W 31.62'
S03° 26' 14"W 149.82'
S0
3
°
2
6
'
1
4
"
W
1
1
3
7
.
5
5
'
S14° 59' 52"E 31.62'
S03° 26' 14"W 150.15'
298.10'N86° 19' 33"W 637.14'
CURVE TABLE
CURVE #
C1
C2
C3
C4
C5
LENGTH
497.39'
294.99'
227.55'
274.01'
501.57'
RADIUS
1139.05'
8268.81'
8144.08'
8144.08'
8144.08'
DELTA
25°01'10"
2°02'39"
1°36'03"
1°55'40"
3°31'43"
BEARING
S23°54'38"W
N85°17'39"W
S85°04'36"E
S86°50'28"E
S86°02'26"E
CHORD
493.45'
294.98'
227.55'
274.00'
501.49'
RECORD DATA
NON-TANGENT CURVE
RADIAL TABLE
RADIAL #
R10
R11
R12
R13
R14
R15
DIRECTION
S53°34'48"E
S78°35'57"E
S03°41'02"W
S05°43'41"W
N05°43'25"E
N02°11'42"E
S0
0
°
0
4
'
0
5
"
W
1
1
3
7
.
6
2
'
(
P
-
3
)
35.06' (P-1,P-2,P-3,P-5)
DRAWN:
FIELD BK:
REVIEWED:
DATE:
JOB NO.
SHEET
CIVIL
STRUCTURAL
SURVEYING
TRAFFIC
PLANNING
LANDSCAPE
OTHER
1 OF 3
23-3645
23-3645
12/15/2025
RMA
WAL
PR
E
L
I
M
I
N
A
R
Y
W E
S
N
C
REFERENCES
(C-1) CERTIFICATE OF SURVEY NUMBER 14292, PREPARED BY EBY & ASSOCIATES, INSTRUMENT NUMBER
200018916410, RECORDS OF FLATHEAD COUNTY, MONTANA.
(C-2) CERTIFICATE OF SURVEY NUMBER 14700, PREPARED BY G. THURSTON, INSTRUMENT NUMBER 200117915350,
RECORDS OF FLATHEAD COUNTY, MONTANA.
(C-3) CERTIFICATE OF SURVEY NUMBER 16743, PREPARED BY MARQUARDT & MARQUARDT SURVEYING,
INSTRUMENT NUMBER 200516708450, RECORDS OF FLATHEAD COUNTY, MONTANA.
(C-4) CERTIFICATE OF SURVEY NUMBER 16925, PREPARED BY EBY & ASSOCIATES, INSTRUMENT NUMBER
200527611400, RECORDS OF FLATHEAD COUNTY, MONTANA.
(C-5) CERTIFICATE OF SURVEY NUMBER 16926, PREPARED BY EBY & ASSOCIATES, INSTRUMENT NUMBER
200527611410, RECORDS OF FLATHEAD COUNTY, MONTANA.
(C-6) CERTIFICATE OF SURVEY NUMBER 16927, PREPARED BY EBY & ASSOCIATES, INSTRUMENT NUMBER
200527611420, RECORDS OF FLATHEAD COUNTY, MONTANA.
(C-7) CERTIFICATE OF SURVEY NUMBER 16928, PREPARED BY EBY & ASSOCIATES, INSTRUMENT NUMBER
200527611430, RECORDS OF FLATHEAD COUNTY, MONTANA.
(C-8) CERTIFICATE OF SURVEY NUMBER 17217, PREPARED BY EBY & ASSOCIATES, INSTRUMENT NUMBER
200607508200, RECORDS OF FLATHEAD COUNTY, MONTANA.
(P-1) SUBDIVISION PLAT OF BLOOMSTONE, PHASE 1-A WEST, PREPARED BY BIG SKY SURVEYING, INSTRUMENT
NUMBER 201500007521, RECORDS OF FLATHEAD COUNTY COUNTY, MONTANA.
(P-2) AMENDED PLAT OF BLOOMSTONE, PHASE 1-A WEST, PREPARED BY THOMAS, DEAN AND HOSKINS, INC.,
INSTRUMENT NUMBER 201500025554 RECORDS OF FLATHEAD COUNTY, MONTANA.
(P-3) SUBDIVISION PLAT OF BLOOMSTONE, PHASE 2, PREPARED BY BIG SKY SURVEYING, INSTRUMENT NUMBER
201800018954 RECORDS OF FLATHEAD COUNTY, MONTANA.
(P-4) SUBDIVISION PLAT OF SNOWLINE ACREAGE PREPARED BY WGM GROUP, INSTRUMENT NUMBER
202000010867, RECORDS OF FLATHEAD COUNTY, MONTANA.
(P-5) SUBDIVISION PLAT OF BLOOMSTONE, PHASE 3, PREPARED BY INTERSTATE ENGINEERING, INSTRUMENT
NUMBER 202300007426, RECORDS OF FLATHEAD COUNTY, MONTANA.
(P-6)SUBDIVISION PLAT OF BLOOMSTONE, PHASE 5 & 6, PREPARED BY WHIPPLE CONSULTING ENGINEERS,
INSTRUMENT NUMBER 202500000328, RECORDS OF FLATHEAD COUNTY, MONTANA.
LEGEND
FOUND MDT RIGHT OF WAY MONUMENT
FOUND 5/8" REBAR WITH ORANGE PLASTIC CAP MARKED "KAUFFMAN 12211LS"
FOUND 5/8" REBAR WITH PLASTIC CAP MARKED "THURSTON 10803-S" OR AS NOTED
FOUND 5/8" REBAR WITH YELLOW PLASTIC CAP MARKED "SULLIVAN LS9095"
FOUND 5/8" REBAR WITH PURPLE PLASTIC CAP MARKED "LOCKMAN 28675 LS"
FOUND 5/8" REBAR NO CAP
FOUND CHISELED "X" IN SIDEWALK
CALCULATED POINT, NOTHING FOUND OR SET
BOUNDARY LINE
LOT LINE
ADJACENT LOT LINE
EASEMENT LINE
CENTER LINE
SECTION LINE
NW NE
SW SE
T29N R22W
36
WCE
WHIPPLE CONSULTING ENGINEERS
21 S PINES ROAD
SPOKANE VALLEY, WA 99206
PH: 509-893-2617 FAX: 509-926-0227
MAJOR SUBDIVISION PRELIMINARY PLAT OF
BLOOMSTONE APARTMENTS
LOCATED IN THE SOUTHWEST QUARTER OF
SECTION 36, TOWNSHIP 29 NORTH, RANGE 22 WEST, PRINCIPAL MERIDIAN MONTANA,
CITY OF KALISPELL, FLATHEAD COUNTY, MONTANA
GRAPHIC SCALE
SCALE: 1" = 200'
4002001000
CERTIFICATE OF DEDICATION
WE, THE UNDERSIGNED PROPERTY OWNER, DO HEREBY CERTIFY THAT WE HAVE CAUSED TO BE SURVEYED,
SUBDIVIDED AND PLATTED INTO LOTS, BLOCKS, STREETS AND ALLEYS, AS SHOWN BY THE PLAT HERETO
ANNEXED, THE FOLLOWING DESCRIBED LAND IN THE CITY OF KALISPELL, FLATHEAD COUNTY, MONTANA, TO
WIT:
LOT 1, BLOCK 1, OF THE SUBDIVISION PLAT OF BLOOMSTONE, PHASE 5 AND 6, PER INSTRUMENT NUMBER
202500000328, RECORDS OF FLATHEAD COUNTY, MONTANA
THAT PORTION OF THE SOUTHWEST QUARTER OF SECTION 36, TOWNSHIP 29 NORTH, RANGE 22 WEST,
PRINCIPAL MERIDIAN MONTANA, DESCRIBED AS FOLLOWS:
COMMENCING AT THE CENTER QUARTER CORNER OF SAID SECTION 36;
THENCE SOUTH 45°37'12" WEST 1707.13 FEET TO THE SOUTHEAST CORNER OF BLOOMSTONE, PHASE 1-A
WEST, INSTRUMENT NUMBER 201500007521, RECORDS OF FLATHEAD COUNTY, MONTANA;
THENCE NORTH 86°25'50" WEST 60.00 FEET TO THE WEST RIGHT-OF-WAY OF TREE LINE ROAD AND THE
NORTHWEST CORNER OF BLOOMSTONE, PHASES 5 AND 6, PER INSTRUMENT NUMBER 202500000328,
RECORDS OF FLAT HEAD COUNTY, MONTANA, BEING THE TRUE POINT OF BEGINNING;
THENCE SOUTH 03°26'14" WEST 1137.69 FEET ALONG THE WEST RIGHT-OF-WAY OF SAID TREELINE ROAD;
THENCE CONTINUING ALONG SAID WEST RIGHT-OF-WAY, SOUTH 21°52'20" WEST 31.62 FEET;
THENCE CONTINUING ALONG SAID WEST RIGHT-OF-WAY, SOUTH 03°26'14" WEST 149.82 FEET TO THE NORTH
RIGHT-OF-WAY OF FOUR MILE DRIVE;
THENCE ALONG THE NORTH RIGHT-OF-WAY OF SAID FOUR MILE DRIVE, NORTH 86°19'33" WEST 259.04 FEET
TO THE INTERSECTION OF SAID NORTH RIGHT-OF-WAY AND THE EASTERLY RIGHT-OF-WAY OF THE
KALISPELL BYPASS NORTH;
THENCE ALONG THE EASTERLY RIGHT-OF-WAY OF SAID KALISPELL BYPASS NORTH, NORTH 11°42'08" WEST
524.80 FEET;
THENCE CONTINUING ALONG SAID EASTERLY RIGHT-OF-WAY, NORTH 00°05'05" WEST 812.43 FEET TO THE
SOUTHWEST CORNER OF SAID BLOOMSTONE PHASE 1-A WEST;
THENCE LEAVING SAID EASTERLY RIGHT-OF-WAY AND ALONG THE SOUTH LINE OF SAID BLOOMSTONE
PHASE 1-A WEST, SOUTH 86°25'50" EAST 456.01 FEET TO THE TRUE POINT OF BEGINNING
CONTAINING 11.91 ACRES OF LAND MORE OR LESS, AS SHOWN HEREON.
SUBJECT TO AND TOGETHER WITH EASEMENTS AS SHOWN.
SUBJECT TO AND TOGETHER WITH EASEMENT OF RECORD.
THE UNDERSIGNED HEREBY GRANTS TO EACH AND EVERY PERSON, FIRM OR CORPORATION, WHETHER
PUBLIC OR PRIVATE, PROVIDING OR OFFERING TO PROVIDE, TELEPHONE, TELEGRAPH, ELECTRIC POWER,
GAS, CABLE TELEVISION, WATER OR SEWER SERVICE TO THE PUBLIC, THE RIGHT TO THE JOINT USE OF AN
EASEMENT FOR THE CONSTRUCTION, MAINTENANCE, REPAIR, AND REMOVAL OF THEIR LINES AND OTHER
FACILITIES, IN, OVER, UNDER, AND ACROSS EACH AREA DESIGNATED ON THIS PLAT AS "UTILITY EASEMENT"
TO HAVE AND TO HOLD FOREVER.
WE HEREBY CERTIFY THAT THE TRACTS ARE WITHIN JURISDICTIONAL AREAS THAT HAVE ADOPTED GROWTH
POLICIES PURSUANT TO CHAPTER Q OR WITHIN FIRST-CLASS OR SECOND-CLASS MUNICIPALITIES FOR
WHICH THE GOVERNING BODY CERTIFIES. PURSUANT TO 76-4-127, THAT ADEQUATE STORM WATER
DRAINAGE AND ADEQUATE MUNICIPAL FACILITIES WILL BE PROVIDED TO SAID TRACTS OF LAND; THESE
TRACTS OF LAND ARE EXEMPT FROM REVIEW BY THE DEPARTMENT OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY
PURSUANT TO 76-4-125(1)(d).
DATED THIS DAY OF , 2025
KALISPELL NATIONAL MULTIFAMILY, L.L.C.
JIM DAVIS, MANAGER OF KALISPELL NATIONAL MULTIFAMILY, L.L.C.
STATE OF )
: SS.
COUNTY OF )
THIS INSTRUMENT WAS ACKNOWLEDGED BEFORE ME ON , 2025
BY JIM DAVIS, AS MANAGER OF KALISPELL NATIONAL MULTIFAMILY, L.L.C.
CAP ILLEGIBLE
EX. 60' R/W
EX. 80' R/W
NOT
I
N
C
L
U
D
E
D
I
N
T
H
I
S
P
L
A
T
FOXGLOVE DRIVE
BLUE
B
E
L
L
R
O
A
D
FO
X
G
L
O
V
E
D
R
I
V
E
ROSECROWN
ROAD
WATERLEAF LANE
FOUR MILE DRIVE
TREELINE ROAD
KA
L
I
S
P
E
L
L
B
Y
P
A
S
S
N
O
R
T
H
RIGHT-OF WAY PER BARGAIN
AND SALE DEED RECORDED AS
DOCUMENT NUMBER 201000009740
CERTIFICATE OF CITY ATTORNEY
THIS PLAT HAS BEEN EXAMINED BY THE OFFICE OF THE CITY ATTORNEY ACCORDING TO SECTION 76-3-612(2),
M.C.A. RELYING UPON TITLE REPORT NUMBER , AND APPROVED BASED ON
INFORMATION SUBMITTED BY THE DEVELOPER AND/OR HIS AGENT.
DATED THIS DAY OF , 2025
OFFICE OF THE CITY ATTORNEY KALISPELL, MONTANA
CERTIFICATE OF FINAL PLAT APPROVAL - CITY
THE CITY COUNCIL OF THE CITY OF KALISPELL, MONTANA, DOES HEREBY CERTIFY THAT IT HAS EXAMINED
THIS SUBDIVISION PLAT AND, HAVING FOUND THE SAME TO CONFORM TO LAW, APPROVES IT, AND HEREBY
ACCEPTS THE DEDICATION TO THE PUBLIC USE OF ANY AND ALL LANDS SHOWN ON THIS PLAT AS BEING
DEDICATED TO SUCH USE.
DATED THIS DAY OF , 2025 AT O'CLOCK.
MARK JOHNSON, MAYOR
AIMEE BRUNCKHORST, CITY CLERK
NOTES
PROPERTY OWNER(S) HEREBY WAIVE THEIR RIGHT TO PROTEST THE CREATION OF A SPECIAL
IMPROVEMENT DISTRICT (SID) FOR THE PURPOSE OF PARKS MAINTENANCE. THIS DISTRICT SHALL ONLY BE
ACTIVATED IN THE EVENT THE PROPERTY OWNERS' ASSOCIATION DEFAULTS ON THE PARK AND OPEN
SPACE AMENITY CONDITIONS. THE TAXES LEVIED WITHIN THE MAINTENANCE DISTRICT SHALL BE
DETERMINED BY THE PARKS AND RECREATION DEPARTMENT WITH APPROVALS BY THE KALISPELL CITY
COUNCIL.
PROPERTY OWNER(S) HEREBY WAIVE THEIR RIGHT TO PROTEST THE CREATION OF A SPECIAL
IMPROVEMENT DISTRICT (SID) FOR THE PURPOSE OF STORMWATER FACILITY MAINTENANCE. THIS DISTRICT
SHALL ONLY BE ACTIVATED IN THE EVENT THAT THE PROPERTY OWNERS' ASSOCIATION DEFAULTS ON THE
MAINTENANCE OF THE APPROVED STORMWATER FACILITIES. THE TAXES LEVIED WITHIN THE MAINTENANCE
DISTRICT SHALL BE DETERMINED BY THE PUBLIC WORKS DEPARTMENT WITH APPROVALS BY THE KALISPELL
CITY COUNCIL.
PROPERTY OWNER(S) HEREBY WAIVE THEIR RIGHT TO PROTEST THE CREATION OF A SPECIAL
IMPROVEMENT DISTRICT (SID) FOR THE PURPOSE OF FINANCING IMPROVEMENTS TO FOUR MILE DRIVE
BETWEEN STILLWATER ROAD AND US HIGHWAY 93.
PROPERTY OWNER(S) HEREBY WAIVE THEIR RIGHT TO PROTEST THE CREATION OF A SPECIAL
IMPROVEMENT DISTRICT (SID) FOR THE PURPOSE OF FINANCING IMPROVEMENTS TO AREA ROADS WHICH
WILL SPECIFICALLY BENEFIT THIS SUBDIVISION.
ALL UTILITIES SHALL BE INSTALLED UNDERGROUND.
ALL AREAS DISTURBED DURING DEVELOPMENT SHALL BE RE-VEGETATED WITH A WEED-FREE MIX
IMMEDIATELY AFTER DEVELOPMENT.
BUYERS OF PROPERTY SHOULD ENSURE THAT THEY HAVE OBTAINED AND REVIEWED ALL SHEETS OF THE
PLAT AND ALL DOCUMENTS RECORDED AND FILED IN CONJUNCTION WITH THE PLAT AND THAT BUYERS OF
PROPERTY ARE STRONGLY ENCOURAGED TO CONTACT THE LOCAL PLANNING DEPARTMENT AND BECOME
INFORMED OF ANY LIMITATION ON THE USE OF THE PROPERTY PRIOR TO CLOSING.
CERTIFICATE OF SURVEYOR
I, WAYNE A. LOCKMAN, A PROFESSIONAL LAND SURVEYOR, LICENSED IN THE STATE OF MONTANA, DO
HEREBY CERTIFY THAT THE SURVEY SHOWN ON THE ATTACHED PLAT WAS MADE BY ME OR UNDER MY
DIRECT SUPERVISION.
WAYNE A. LOCKMAN, PLS
MONTANA REGISTRATION NUMBER 28675LS
CERTIFICATE OF SURVEYOR
APPROVED: , 2025
EXAMINING LAND SURVEYOR
REGISTRATION NUMBER
BLO
O
M
S
T
O
N
E
,
P
H
A
S
E
1-A, W
E
S
T
(INST
.
R
E
C
.
#
2
0
1
5
0
0
0
0
7
5
2
1
)
B
L
U
E
B
E
L
L
R
O
A
D
HOLL
Y
H
O
C
K
L
A
N
E
BLO
O
M
S
T
O
N
E
,
P
H
A
S
E
2
(INST
.
R
E
C
.
#
2
0
1
8
0
0
0
1
8
9
5
4
)
BLO
O
M
S
T
O
N
E
,
PHAS
E
3
(INST
.
R
E
C
.
#
20230
0
0
0
7
4
2
6
)
CERT
I
F
I
C
A
T
E
O
F
SURV
E
Y
#
1
7
2
1
7
SNOW
L
I
N
E
A
C
R
E
A
G
E
(INST
.
R
E
C
.
#
2
0
2
0
0
0
0
1
0
8
6
7
)
BASIS OF BEARING
GRID NORTH OF MONTANA STATE
PLAN COORDINATE SYSTEM
NAD83(2011)(EPOCH2010)
CERTIFICATE OF RECORDING
STATE OF MONTANA )
:SS
COUNTY OF FLATHEAD)
FILED ON THE DAY OF , 2025 AT . .M. FEE $
CLERK AND RECORDER
BY
DEPUTY
PLAT No.
INSTRUMENT REC. No.
OWNERS: KALISPELL NATIONAL MULTIFAMILY, L.L.C.
COMMISSIONED BY: KALISPELL NATIONAL MULTIFAMILY, L.L.C.
PURPOSE:MINOR SUBDIVISION PLAT
DATE: NOVEMBER, 2025
TR
E
E
L
I
N
E
R
O
A
D
N0
0
°
0
5
'
3
4
"
W
(
C
-
1
)
N0
0
°
0
5
'
4
8
"
W
9
4
0
.
1
7
'
(
C
-
2
)
S0
0
°
0
5
'
4
8
"
E
(
C
-
3
)
S0
0
°
0
4
'
0
4
"
E
(
C
-
4
)
N0
0
°
0
4
'
0
4
"
W
9
4
0
.
1
0
'
(
C
-
5
,
C
-
8
,
P
-
1
,
P
-
3
,
P
-
5
)
N3
°
2
7
'
0
5
"
E
9
4
0
.
1
7
'
(
P
-
4
)
S89°58'06"E (C-4,C-5, C-6,C-7,
C
-
8
)
N89°59'39"W (C-3)
S89°59'28"E (C-1)
S89°46'10"E 25.00' (C-2)
S89°48'52"E 24.85' (C-5,C-8,P-1,P-3,P-5)
S86°13'17"E 25.00' (P-4)
N0
0
°
0
5
'
4
8
"
W
(
C
-
2
)
N0
0
°
0
4
'
0
4
"
W
(
C
-
5
)
N0
0
°
0
4
'
0
5
"
W
(
C
-
6
,
C
-
7
)
N0
0
°
0
4
'
0
5
"
W
1
6
8
1
.
7
2
'
(
C
-
9
,
P
-
1
)
S0
0
°
0
4
'
0
5
"
E
1
6
5
4
.
7
5
'
(
P
-
3
,
P
-
5
)
N3
°
2
7
'
0
5
"
E
1
6
5
4
.
7
5
'
(
P
-
4
)
S89°58'06"E 619.82' (P-1,P-3,P
-
5
)
N47°51'12"E 63.38' (P-1,P-3, P-5)S86°51'23"E 248
.
7
0
'
(P-1,P-3,P-5)
N60°2
8
'
4
2
"
E
3
0
8
.
1
1
'
(P-1,P
-
3
,
P
-
5
)
N04°18'15"E 81.08' (P-1,P-3,P-5)
N0
2
°
5
7
'
5
6
"
E
3
0
8
.
1
0
'
(
P
-
1
,
P
-
2
,
P
-
3
,
P
-
5
)
N0
3
°
3
5
'
4
0
"
W
8
4
7
.
3
7
'
(
P
-
1
,
P
-
3
,
P
-
5
)
N0
3
°
3
5
'
4
0
"
W
8
1
2
.
3
7
'
(
P
-
5
)
N1
5
°
1
3
'
1
6
"
W
5
2
4
.
6
7
'
(
P
-
3
,
P
-
5
)
N1
5
°
1
3
'
1
6
"
W
5
2
8
.
9
0
'
(
P
-
1
)
Δ=25°01'49" L=497.61' (P-1,P-3)
B/C=N20°23'40"E 493.66' (P-5)
N56°42'17"E 144.02' (P-1,P-3)
N53° 46' 10"E 204.36' (P-1,P-3,P-5)
259.04' (P-3,P-5,P-6)
S89°51'13"E 636.95' (P-3,P-5)
Δ=2°02'38" L=294.97' (P-3,P-5)
B/C=N88°48'22"W 294.96' (P-5)
Δ=3°31'54" L=502.01' (P-3,P-5)
B/C=S89°32'54"E 501.93' (P-5)
S88°37'05"W 16.12' (P-3,P-5)
Δ=1°36'17" L=228.11' (P-5)
B/C=S88°35'06"E 228.10' (P-5)
Δ=1°55'37" L=273.90' (P-5)
B/C=S89°38'57"E 273.88' (P-5)
12/15/2025
No. 28675LS
WAYNE A.
LOCKMANPRO
F
E
S
SIONAL L A N D SURVEY
O
R
M O N TANA
LICEN S E D
AMEN
D
E
D
P
L
A
T
OF LO
T
2
6
O
F
BLOO
M
S
T
O
N
E
,
PHAS
E
1
-
A
,
W
E
S
T
(INST
.
R
E
C
.
#
20150
0
0
2
5
5
5
4
)
N90°00'00"W 456.15' (P-2)
ST
I
L
L
W
A
T
E
R
R
O
A
D
CENTER QUARTER CORNER
(P-6)
(P
-
6
)
(P-6)
(P-6)
(P-6)(P-6)
(P-6)
(P-6)
(P-6)
(P
-
6
)
(P-6)
456.15' (P-1, P-3, P-5)
(P-6)
TR
E
E
L
I
N
E
R
O
A
D
(P
-
6
)
(P
-
6
)
8
1
2
.
3
1
'
(
P
-
1
,
P
-
3
)
(P
-
6
)
297.91' (P-3,P-5,P-6)
(P-6)
S00°04'05"E 150' (P-3)
(P-6)
S18°22'01"W 31.62' (P-3)
(P-6)
(P
-
6
)
(P-6)
(P-6)
(P-6)
(P
-
6
)
TRUE POINT OF BEGINNING
2" ALUMINUM CAP
MDT 100+80
2" ALUMINUM CAP MDT
1/2" ALUMINUM CAP MDT 15853 LS
1/2" ALUMINUM CAP MDT 15853 LS
PR
E
L
I
M
I
N
A
R
Y
P
L
A
T
O
F
BL
O
O
M
S
T
O
N
E
A
P
A
R
T
M
E
N
T
S
LO
T
1
,
B
L
O
C
K
1
11
.
9
1
A
C
R
E
S
(S
E
E
S
H
E
E
T
2
F
O
R
D
E
T
A
I
L
S
)
313.48'
214.67'
206.85'
313.00'
89.68'
18.97'
N8
6
°
1
9
'
3
3
"
W
2
5
9
.
0
4
'
40
.
0
0
'
40
.
0
0
'
30
.
0
0
'
30
.
0
0
'
N00° 05' 05"W 812.43'
S00° 05' 05"E 847.26'
34.83'
51.83'
N8
6
°
3
0
'
1
0
"
W
1
7
2
.
4
5
'
N03° 27' 27"E
38.72'
S8
6
°
0
3
'
3
2
"
E
51
.
1
3
'
N8
6
°
3
9
'
1
2
"
W
2
2
9
.
2
6
'
N86° 33' 08"W 17.58'
S86° 33' 08"E 40.96'N86° 33' 08"W 17.66'
N86° 33' 03"W 41.08'N86° 33' 13"W 41.09'N86° 33' 08"W 17.74'
N86° 43' 01"W
17.56'
S11° 42' 14"
E
4
7
2
.
5
5
'
N90° 00' 00"E 11.97'
N89° 55' 24"E 35.31'
N89° 55' 23"E 35.29'
216.83'122.31'
N89° 58' 35"E 35.16'
17
2
.
1
8
'
57
.
0
8
'
S03° 26' 00"W 1176.29'
136.78'
153.00'18.97'
5.19'
12.19'
212.30'
24.20'135.66'
54.03'89.79'31.02'
N86° 33' 08"W 17.54'
292.47'
138.43'
251.98'
82.14'
S86° 31' 44"E
51.07'
19.57'
61.60'
S89° 38' 11"E 35.68'
N89° 55' 23"E 12.98'
S8
6
°
3
3
'
4
6
"
E
4
3
1
.
1
3
'
N8
6
°
3
3
'
4
6
"
W
4
1
1
.
8
6
'
S8
6
°
2
5
'
5
0
"
E
4
5
6
.
0
1
'
N8
6
°
1
9
'
3
3
"
W
6
3
7
.
1
4
'
N8
6
°
1
9
'
3
3
"
W
2
9
8
.
1
0
'
N11° 42' 08
"
W
5
2
4
.
8
0
'
S03° 26' 14"W 1137.69'
1
17
9
0
5
7
s
f
4.
1
1
1
a
c
r
e
s
19.31'14.07'
S00° 00' 34"E 750.91'
N78° 17' 46"E
12.42'
S56° 32' 33"E 19.52'
N78° 17' 46"E
12.40'
75
.
4
5
'
N86° 33' 03"W 41.15'
N86° 33' 03"W 35.20'
1.79'
281.84'2.35'
N08° 02' 12"E
2
1
1
.
4
2
'
N01° 41' 18"E 255.35'N00° 00' 46"W 284.39'N01° 36' 00"W 214.47'
108.17'147.18'166.19'118.20'
11
6
.
6
7
'
16
3
.
8
3
'
318.70'
305.70'
519.01'
S03° 18' 15"W
25.24'
S8
6
°
2
8
'
5
8
"
E
2
8
0
.
4
9
'
N00° 04' 37"W 712.71'
S03° 26' 57"W 1143.40'
N11° 42' 14
"
W
4
4
7
.
9
6
'
N8
6
°
3
3
'
0
3
"
W
1
1
9
.
5
6
'
314.06'320.38'78.27'
S86° 25' 50"E 60.00'
S03° 26' 14"W 1137.55'
S14° 59' 52"E 31.62'
S03° 26' 14"W 150.15'
83
.
7
7
'
N8
6
°
4
5
'
2
9
"
W
1
5
9
.
2
2
'
353.15'313.59'93.86'
14
20
7
8
2
1
s
f
4.
7
7
1
a
c
r
e
s
16
13
1
9
2
9
s
f
3.
0
2
9
a
c
r
e
s
56
.
6
2
'
15
9
.
0
6
'
16
4
.
3
4
'
51
.
1
1
'
56
.
2
1
'
15
4
.
7
0
'
14
9
.
8
7
'
51
.
0
8
'
2.96'
S21° 52' 20"W 31.62'
S03° 26' 14"W 149.82'
5'
DRAWN:
FIELD BK:
REVIEWED:
DATE:
JOB NO.
SHEET
CIVIL
STRUCTURAL
SURVEYING
TRAFFIC
PLANNING
LANDSCAPE
OTHER
2 OF 3
23-3645
23-3645
12/15/2025
RMA
WAL
W
E
S
N C NW NE
SW SE
T29N R22W
36
WCE
WHIPPLE CONSULTING ENGINEERS
21 S PINES ROAD
SPOKANE VALLEY, WA 99206
PH: 509-893-2617 FAX: 509-926-0227
GRAPHIC SCALE
SCALE: 1" = 50'
10050250
EXISTING 30' WATER EASEMENT (P-6)
EX
.
6
0
'
R
/
W
30
'
30
'
EX
.
8
0
'
R
/
W
40
'
40
'
FO
U
R
M
I
L
E
D
R
I
V
E
KALISPELL
B
Y
P
A
S
S
N
O
R
T
H
TREELINE ROAD
EXISTING 10' UTILITY EASEMENT (P-6)
PR
E
L
I
M
I
N
A
R
Y
No. 28675LS
WAYNE A.
LOCKMANPRO
F
E
S
S
I
ONAL L A N D S URVEY
O
R
M O N TANA
LICEN S E D
NOT
I
N
C
L
U
D
E
D
I
N
T
H
I
S
P
L
A
T
AM
E
N
D
E
D
P
L
A
T
O
F
L
O
T
2
6
O
F
BL
O
O
M
S
T
O
N
E
,
P
H
A
S
E
1
-
A
,
W
E
S
T
(IN
S
T
.
R
E
C
.
#
2
0
1
5
0
0
0
2
5
5
5
4
)
TRUE POINT OF BEGINNING
12/15/2025
CE
R
T
I
F
I
C
A
T
E
O
F
SU
R
V
E
Y
#
1
7
2
1
7
EXISTING 10'
UTILITY
EASEMENT (P-6)
5'
5'
5'
5'
5'
5'
EX
I
S
T
I
N
G
1
5
'
W
A
T
E
R
E
A
S
E
M
E
N
T
(
P
-
6
)
5'
5'
5'5'
EXISTING 15' WATER EASEME
N
T
(
P
-
6
)
5'10'
5'5'
5'5'5'5'
5'
5'
5'
5'
5'5'
5'
5'
5'
5'5'
5'
5'
5'
5'
5'5'
5'
5'
5'
10
'
EXISTING 15' WATER EASEMENT
(
P
-
6
)
5'
10'
EX
I
S
T
I
N
G
1
5
'
W
A
T
E
R
E
A
S
E
M
E
N
T
(
P
-
6
)
5
'
10
'
EX
I
S
T
I
N
G
1
5
'
W
A
T
E
R
E
A
S
E
M
E
N
T
(
P
-
6
)
5'
10
'
L
O
T
1
VARYING WIDTH INGRESS, EGRESS,
AND UTILITY EASEMENT
VARYING WIDTH INGRESS, EGRESS,
AND UTILITY EASEMENT
VARYING WIDTH INGRESS, EGRESS,
AND UTILITY EASEMENT
VARYING WIDTH INGRESS,EGRESS,
AND UTILITY EASEMENT
VARYING WIDTH INGRESS,
E
G
R
E
S
S
,
AND UTILITY EASEMENT
L
O
T
2
L
O
T
3
B
L
O
C
K
1
VARYING WIDTH INGRESS, EGRESS,
AND UTILITY EASEMENTVARYING WIDTH INGRESS, EGRESS,
AND UTILITY EASEMENT
VARYING WIDTH INGRESS, EGRESS,
AND UTILITY EASEMENT
15' STORM DRAINAGE EASEMENT
7.5'
7.5'
LEGEND
FOUND MDT RIGHT OF WAY MONUMENT
FOUND 5/8" REBAR WITH ORANGE PLASTIC CAP MARKED "KAUFFMAN 12211LS"
FOUND 5/8" REBAR WITH PLASTIC CAP MARKED "THURSTON 10803-S" OR AS NOTED
FOUND 5/8" REBAR WITH YELLOW PLASTIC CAP MARKED "SULLIVAN LS9095"
FOUND 5/8" REBAR WITH PURPLE PLASTIC CAP MARKED "LOCKMAN 28675 LS"
FOUND 5/8" REBAR NO CAP
FOUND CHISELED "X" IN SIDEWALK
CALCULATED POINT, NOTHING FOUND OR SET
BOUNDARY LINE
LOT LINE
ADJACENT LOT LINE
EASEMENT LINE
CENTER LINE
SECTION LINE
NOTES
PROPERTY OWNER(S) HEREBY WAIVE THEIR RIGHT TO PROTEST THE CREATION OF A SPECIAL IMPROVEMENT DISTRICT
(SID) FOR THE PURPOSE OF PARKS MAINTENANCE. THIS DISTRICT SHALL ONLY BE ACTIVATED IN THE EVENT THE
PROPERTY OWNERS' ASSOCIATION DEFAULTS ON THE PARK AND OPEN SPACE AMENITY CONDITIONS. THE TAXES LEVIED
WITHIN THE MAINTENANCE DISTRICT SHALL BE DETERMINED BY THE PARKS AND RECREATION DEPARTMENT WITH
APPROVALS BY THE KALISPELL CITY COUNCIL.
PROPERTY OWNER(S) HEREBY WAIVE THEIR RIGHT TO PROTEST THE CREATION OF A SPECIAL IMPROVEMENT DISTRICT
(SID) FOR THE PURPOSE OF STORMWATER FACILITY MAINTENANCE. THIS DISTRICT SHALL ONLY BE ACTIVATED IN THE
EVENT THAT THE PROPERTY OWNERS' ASSOCIATION DEFAULTS ON THE MAINTENANCE OF THE APPROVED STORMWATER
FACILITIES. THE TAXES LEVIED WITHIN THE MAINTENANCE DISTRICT SHALL BE DETERMINED BY THE PUBLIC WORKS
DEPARTMENT WITH APPROVALS BY THE KALISPELL CITY COUNCIL.
PROPERTY OWNER(S) HEREBY WAIVE THEIR RIGHT TO PROTEST THE CREATION OF A SPECIAL IMPROVEMENT DISTRICT
(SID) FOR THE PURPOSE OF FINANCING IMPROVEMENTS TO FOUR MILE DRIVE BETWEEN STILLWATER ROAD AND US
HIGHWAY 93.
PROPERTY OWNER(S) HEREBY WAIVE THEIR RIGHT TO PROTEST THE CREATION OF A SPECIAL IMPROVEMENT DISTRICT
(SID) FOR THE PURPOSE OF FINANCING IMPROVEMENTS TO AREA ROADS WHICH WILL SPECIFICALLY BENEFIT THIS
SUBDIVISION.
ALL UTILITIES SHALL BE INSTALLED UNDERGROUND.
ALL AREAS DISTURBED DURING DEVELOPMENT SHALL BE RE-VEGETATED WITH A WEED-FREE MIX IMMEDIATELY AFTER
DEVELOPMENT.
BUYERS OF PROPERTY SHOULD ENSURE THAT THEY HAVE OBTAINED AND REVIEWED ALL SHEETS OF THE PLAT AND ALL
DOCUMENTS RECORDED AND FILED IN CONJUNCTION WITH THE PLAT AND THAT BUYERS OF PROPERTY ARE STRONGLY
ENCOURAGED TO CONTACT THE LOCAL PLANNING DEPARTMENT AND BECOME INFORMED OF ANY LIMITATION ON THE USE
OF THE PROPERTY PRIOR TO CLOSING.
15'
15'
MAJOR SUBDIVISION PRELIMINARY PLAT OF
BLOOMSTONE APARTMENTS
LOCATED IN THE SOUTHWEST QUARTER OF
SECTION 36, TOWNSHIP 29 NORTH, RANGE 22 WEST, PRINCIPAL MERIDIAN MONTANA,
CITY OF KALISPELL, FLATHEAD COUNTY, MONTANA
30
4
9
.
2
1
EB
Y
-
A
C
30
4
7
.
5
9
EB
Y
-
A
C
69 30
5
0
.
1
4
EB
Y
-
A
C
34.83'
1
17
9
0
5
7
s
f
4.
1
1
1
a
c
r
e
s
14
20
7
8
2
1
s
f
4.
7
7
1
a
c
r
e
s
16
13
1
9
2
9
s
f
3.
0
2
9
a
c
r
e
s
DRAWN:
FIELD BK:
REVIEWED:
DATE:
JOB NO.
SHEET
CIVIL
STRUCTURAL
SURVEYING
TRAFFIC
PLANNING
LANDSCAPE
OTHER
3 OF 3
23-3645
23-3645
12/15/2025
RMA
WAL
W
E
S
N C NW NE
SW SE
T29N R22W
36
WCE
WHIPPLE CONSULTING ENGINEERS
21 S PINES ROAD
SPOKANE VALLEY, WA 99206
PH: 509-893-2617 FAX: 509-926-0227
GRAPHIC SCALE
SCALE: 1" = 50'
10050250
EX
.
6
0
'
R
/
W
30
'
30
'
EX
.
8
0
'
R
/
W
40
'
40
'
FO
U
R
M
I
L
E
D
R
I
V
E
KALISPELL
B
Y
P
A
S
S
N
O
R
T
H
TREELINE ROAD
PR
E
L
I
M
I
N
A
R
Y
No. 28675LS
WAYNE A.
LOCKMANPRO
F
E
S
S
I
ONAL L A N D S URVEY
O
R
M O N TANA
LICEN S E D
NOT
I
N
C
L
U
D
E
D
I
N
T
H
I
S
P
L
A
T
AM
E
N
D
E
D
P
L
A
T
O
F
L
O
T
2
6
O
F
BL
O
O
M
S
T
O
N
E
,
P
H
A
S
E
1
-
A
,
W
E
S
T
(IN
S
T
.
R
E
C
.
#
2
0
1
5
0
0
0
2
5
5
5
4
)
12/15/2025
CE
R
T
I
F
I
C
A
T
E
O
F
SU
R
V
E
Y
#
1
7
2
1
7
EXISTING 10'
UTILITY
EASEMENT
L
O
T
1
L
O
T
2
L
O
T
3
B
L
O
C
K
1
LEGEND
FOUND MDT RIGHT OF WAY MONUMENT
FOUND 5/8" REBAR WITH ORANGE PLASTIC CAP MARKED "KAUFFMAN 12211LS"
FOUND 5/8" REBAR WITH PLASTIC CAP MARKED "THURSTON 10803-S" OR AS NOTED
FOUND 5/8" REBAR WITH YELLOW PLASTIC CAP MARKED "SULLIVAN LS9095"
FOUND 5/8" REBAR WITH PURPLE PLASTIC CAP MARKED "LOCKMAN 28675 LS"
FOUND 5/8" REBAR NO CAP
FOUND CHISELED "X" IN SIDEWALK
CALCULATED POINT, NOTHING FOUND OR SET
BOUNDARY LINE
LOT LINE
ADJACENT LOT LINE
EASEMENT LINE
CENTER LINE
SECTION LINE
NOTES
PROPERTY OWNER(S) HEREBY WAIVE THEIR RIGHT TO PROTEST THE CREATION OF A SPECIAL IMPROVEMENT DISTRICT
(SID) FOR THE PURPOSE OF PARKS MAINTENANCE. THIS DISTRICT SHALL ONLY BE ACTIVATED IN THE EVENT THE
PROPERTY OWNERS' ASSOCIATION DEFAULTS ON THE PARK AND OPEN SPACE AMENITY CONDITIONS. THE TAXES LEVIED
WITHIN THE MAINTENANCE DISTRICT SHALL BE DETERMINED BY THE PARKS AND RECREATION DEPARTMENT WITH
APPROVALS BY THE KALISPELL CITY COUNCIL.
PROPERTY OWNER(S) HEREBY WAIVE THEIR RIGHT TO PROTEST THE CREATION OF A SPECIAL IMPROVEMENT DISTRICT
(SID) FOR THE PURPOSE OF STORMWATER FACILITY MAINTENANCE. THIS DISTRICT SHALL ONLY BE ACTIVATED IN THE
EVENT THAT THE PROPERTY OWNERS' ASSOCIATION DEFAULTS ON THE MAINTENANCE OF THE APPROVED STORMWATER
FACILITIES. THE TAXES LEVIED WITHIN THE MAINTENANCE DISTRICT SHALL BE DETERMINED BY THE PUBLIC WORKS
DEPARTMENT WITH APPROVALS BY THE KALISPELL CITY COUNCIL.
PROPERTY OWNER(S) HEREBY WAIVE THEIR RIGHT TO PROTEST THE CREATION OF A SPECIAL IMPROVEMENT DISTRICT
(SID) FOR THE PURPOSE OF FINANCING IMPROVEMENTS TO FOUR MILE DRIVE BETWEEN STILLWATER ROAD AND US
HIGHWAY 93.
PROPERTY OWNER(S) HEREBY WAIVE THEIR RIGHT TO PROTEST THE CREATION OF A SPECIAL IMPROVEMENT DISTRICT
(SID) FOR THE PURPOSE OF FINANCING IMPROVEMENTS TO AREA ROADS WHICH WILL SPECIFICALLY BENEFIT THIS
SUBDIVISION.
ALL UTILITIES SHALL BE INSTALLED UNDERGROUND.
ALL AREAS DISTURBED DURING DEVELOPMENT SHALL BE RE-VEGETATED WITH A WEED-FREE MIX IMMEDIATELY AFTER
DEVELOPMENT.
BUYERS OF PROPERTY SHOULD ENSURE THAT THEY HAVE OBTAINED AND REVIEWED ALL SHEETS OF THE PLAT AND ALL
DOCUMENTS RECORDED AND FILED IN CONJUNCTION WITH THE PLAT AND THAT BUYERS OF PROPERTY ARE STRONGLY
ENCOURAGED TO CONTACT THE LOCAL PLANNING DEPARTMENT AND BECOME INFORMED OF ANY LIMITATION ON THE USE
OF THE PROPERTY PRIOR TO CLOSING.
MAJOR SUBDIVISION PRELIMINARY PLAT OF
BLOOMSTONE APARTMENTS
LOCATED IN THE SOUTHWEST QUARTER OF
SECTION 36, TOWNSHIP 29 NORTH, RANGE 22 WEST, PRINCIPAL MERIDIAN MONTANA,
CITY OF KALISPELL, FLATHEAD COUNTY, MONTANA
EXISTING 10' UTILITY EASEMENT
WCE Page 2 of 3 Bloomstone Traffic Memo
The Bloomstone Development Traffic Impact Study dated January 30, 2024 prepared by A2Z
Engineering provides a description of the Bloomstone PUD and the phases of development on
Page 6 (attached) of the report the TIS considered the following units per phase. The WCE
preliminary plat and projects is considering the following units per phase.
Table 1 – Bloomstone Unit Comparison A2Z vs WCE
Phase A2Z Engr TIS WCE Preliminary Plat
4 165 Townhouse/Condo 135 Townhouse/ duplex
5 & 6 remainder parcel 288 Apartments 288 Apartments
7 remainder Parcel 65 Single Family 65 Single Family
Total Units 518 units 488 units
Exhibit 2 – WCE Preliminary Plat and Remainder Parcels
WCE Page 3 of 3 Bloomstone Traffic Memo
The WCE Preliminary plat of Bloomstone PUD and their respective phases are anticipated to
match the land uses proposed in the A2Z Engineering TIS dated January 30, 2024. With the
exception that phase 4 is proposing 135 townhouse units as opposed to 165 Townhouse/condo
units analyzed within the TIS. As less units are proposed than in the TIS we believe that the
submitted TIS presents a more conservative analysis of the anticipated Bloomstone development
traffic. Therefore, we recommend no change to the A2Z Engineering TIS on our behalf, and that
this TIS by A2Z be accepted for the current preliminary plat application.
A2Z Engineering, PLLC Traffic Impact Study
Bloomstone Development Page 6
Existing Year (2022) – The most current complete set of traffic counts available in the area from the
Montana Department of Transportation (MDT) are for the year 2022. These counts and aerial
photography for 2022 will establish a baseline existing year background state. Assumptions for this
include (1) the full buildout of the first two phases of Bloomstone, (2) no street connections in
Bloomstone to Four Mile Drive, (3) full buildout of the Treeline Center mixed use commercial
development north of the project site on Treeline Road, and (4) buildout of two of the six apartment
buildings in the Frontier Village complex.
Within Bloomstone the first phases include:
Phase 1A West - 96 apartment units and 25 single family residential units
Phase 2 – 36 townhouse/condo units and 10 single family residential units
Opening Year (2025) – The Bloomstone Development is on a schedule to build out Phases 3 – 6
assuming market conditions hold. It will be assumed that the Frontier Village apartments increases
from two to four buidings.
Within Bloomstone the built-out year 2025 phases include the previously constructed phases plus:
Phase 3 – 47 single family residential units
Phase 4 - 165 townhouse / condo units
Phase 5 & 6 – 288 apartment units
Five Year Horizon (2030) – The Bloomstone Development is on a schedule to build out the last phase.
It will be assumed that the Frontier Village apartments builds out to its full capacity.
Within Bloomstone the built-out year 2030 phases include the previously constructed phases plus:
Phase 7 – 65 single family residential units
Ten Year Horizon (2035) – All build-out was completed in the previous horizon year (2030), so simple
growth of background traffic is assumed.
Study Area
The city of Kalispell in Table 7 page 93 of their Public Works Construction Standards require that the following
locations should be reviewed for developments that generate between 250 and 500 peak hour trips:
Site access drives
All major signalized and unsignalized intersections and all major driveways within 1/2 roadway miles of
the project boundary
All roadway segments within 1/2 roadway miles of the project site boundary
Exhibit 2C shows the development and a simple ½ mile radius in all directions. The study area is less since it
specifies “roadway miles” from the development. The list of features included in this report for analysis are:
Site access drives
o Treeline Road north to the intersection with Old Reserve Drive
o Treeline Road south to the intersection with Four Mile Drive
o Foxglove Drive south to the intersection with Four Mile Drive
All major signalized and unsignalized intersections and all major driveways within 1/2 roadway miles of
the project boundary
o North of Bloomstone
Treeline Road & Old Reserve Drive
Bloomstone Development A2Z Engineering, PLLC
Traffic Analysis Update Page 2
Table of Contents
Section 1 ............................................................................................................ Introduction & Executive Summary
Section 2 ....................................................................................................................... 2008 Traffic Impact Analysis
Section 3 ...............................................................................................................................Proposed Development
Section 4 ............................................................................................................................. Existing Area Conditions
Section 5 ...........................................................................................................................................Projected Traffic
Section 6 ............................................................................................................................... Transportation Analysis
Section 7 ................................................................................................................................. Improvement Analysis
Section 8 ................................................................................................................................................. Attachments
Table of Attachments
Exhibit 1 ....................................................................................................................................................... Area Map
Exhibit 2 ...............................................................................................................................2026 Background Traffic
Exhibit 3 ............................................................................................................................... 2031 Background Traffic
Exhibit 4 ....................................................................................................................... Project Trip Distribution Map
Exhibit 5 .......................................................................... Old Reserve & Treeline Signal Warrant Analysis for 2026
Exhibit 6 ........................................................................... Old Reserve & Treeline Signal Warrant Analysis for 2031
Exhibit 7 ........................................................................... 4 Mile Drive & Treeline Signal Warrant Analysis for 2031
Exhibit 8 ...................................................................... Foxglove Drive & Treeline Signal Warrant Analysis for 2031
Table 1 .................................................................................................. Surrounding Street System Traffic Volumes
Table 2 ......................................................................................................................... Project Site - Trip Generation
Table 3 .......................................................................................... Stillwater & 4 Mile Area PUDs – Trip Generation
Table 4 .................................................................................. Old Reserve & Treeline Area PUDs – Trip Generation
Table 5 ...................................................................................... Intersection Movement Volumes in Horizon Years
Table 6 ................................................................................................................. Intersection LOS in Horizon Years
Map 1 ................................................................................................................................................. Preliminary Plat
Map 2 ........................................................................................................................................................TIS Sitemap
Map 3 - 6 ............................................................................................................................... M&M Figures 2, 4, 5 & 6
Authorship
This study was developed using the guidance, process and procedure presented in the Transportation Impact
Analyses for Site Development by the Institute of Transportation Engineers. This study was authored by Robert
Smith, a State of Montana licensed professional engineer (# 12592 PE) and certified Professional Traffic
Operations Engineer (PTOE) as administered by the Transportation Professional Certification Board Inc.,
www.tpcb.org. Research materials and guidelines for this report were obtained from various sources including
the Montana Department of Transportation (MDT), ITE, Transportation Research Board (TRB), Federal Highway
Administration (FHWA), Manual on Uniform Traffic Control Devices (MUTCD) and others. When a specific work
is used, it will be cited in the references section at the end of the report.
Bloomstone Development A2Z Engineering, PLLC
Traffic Analysis Update Page 3
Section 1 - Introduction & Executive Summary
Background
The Bloomstone Development is a mixed-use residential project of approximately 80+ acres seeking to provide
585 living units in Kalispell. In 2008 it was initially approved under a Planned Unit Development (PUD) review by
city council. One of the supporting documents provided was a February 2008 traffic study done by consulting
firm Morrison Maierle, Inc. This study was issued over 13 years ago at a time when much of the street
infrastructure located in Section 36 (including Old Reserve, 4 Mile Drive, the Kalispell Bypass, and Treeline Road)
was either under construction or still in a planning phase. Therefore it was considered necessary by condition
of the most recent Bloomstone PUD to issue and update.
Study Characteristics
This update includes MDT traffic counts on surrounding streets to establish baseline background traffic loads.
Research was also be performed on surrounding planned and developing projects to determine how they will
add to those loads. Finally these were projected five and ten years into the future under a typical growth rate
and evaluated for Level of Service (LOS) outcomes.
Executive Summary
Three intersections within the area of influence of the project were found to be significantly impacted by the
Bloomstone Development.
Old Reserve Drive & Treeline Road
This intersection is expected to perform well in the horizon years in its present configuration with the exception
of the northbound left-turn movement. With the combined impacts of Bloomstone, Treeline Center and Snow
Acres apartments this left-turning movement will degrade into a level of service (LOS) of F with long delays.
Bloomstone’s contribution to the left-turns ranges from 19% to 31% of the total traffic volume.
Presently development is being pursued that would modify the intersection to add a northern approach with
the extension of Treeline Road. It would be best to make an evaluation of a potential solution to the northbound
left-turn issue after bringing together parties and information from this developer, MDT, DNRC and the city. A
new traffic signal with coordination to adjacent traffic signals would be the natural solution; and seems to be
supported by a quick evaluation using MUTCD Signal Warrant #3 peak hour flow. So we suggest furthering that
conversation with all of the parties involved.
4 Mile Drive & Treeline Road
This is a future intersection will be three-legged with stop sign control on the northern approach. It will provide
separated left-turn lanes on the northern and western approaches. The left-turn lanes will have transitions and
sufficient storage length for two vehicles. These improvements are required by platting conditions upon future
phases of Bloomstone.
Analysis of this intersection found that it is adequate on all movements in all the horizon years with the
exception of the southbound left-turn during the year 2031 AM and PM peak hours. The control delay
experienced becomes a LOS of D. However alternative improvements were evaluated and discarded:
Installation of a traffic signal is not warranted because the volume of vehicles is not sufficient
Installation of an all-way stop intersection is not recommended because of the need to protect the
mainline traffic capacity of 4 Mile Drive (which is a city urban minor arterial street).
Installation of a round-about would likewise impact the mainline capacity of 4 Mile Drive to a greater
extent than the advantage provided to the southbound left-turners.
Bloomstone Development A2Z Engineering, PLLC
Traffic Analysis Update Page 4
So ultimately there isn’t a solution that provides perfect resolution; but there are many such intersections. If
delays do materialize as suggested by the study, traffic will generally adjust itself in peak hours as motorists
seek alternate routes with less delay. The greatest concern would be creation of a location with greater than
average crashes; but all other indicators like constrained site distance, unusual geometry or high approach
speed are not present.
4 Mile Drive & Foxglove Drive
This intersection is very similar to 4 Mile Drive & Treeline Road, but it has less volume. The control delay on the
southbound left-turns indicate a LOS of D in the year 2031 AM and PM peak hours. However the actual values
are 25.4 seconds and 25.7 seconds respectively, which is just beyond the 25 second limit of LOS C.
So given that this is a less severe example of the discussion from the previous section (4 Mile Drive & Treeline
Road), we again suggest that any of the typical solutions that could be applied maybe more of a hinderance to
the flows on 4 Mile Drive than a help to the southbound left-turns.
Bloomstone Development A2Z Engineering, PLLC
Traffic Analysis Update Page 5
Section 2 – 2008 Traffic Impact Analysis
As mentioned in the previous section, a February 2008 traffic study done by consulting firm Morrison Maierle,
Inc. This study was issued over 13 years ago at a time when much of the street infrastructure located in Section
36 (including Old Reserve, 4 Mile Drive, the Kalispell Bypass, and Treeline Road) was either under construction
or still in a planning phase. That study in general was very conservative and evaluated all of the roadway system
touching upon Section 36. It also made assumptions which can be corrected at this time.
Trip Generation
Table 8 in the study details that they expected 569 dwelling units across a mix of uses (see Appendix F of that
report for full details). The expected daily trips from these units are 5,267 trips/day; which comes to an average
of 9.25 trips/dwelling. It is always difficult to project with precision the final configuration and make-up of a
development that takes several decades to build. Market forces and changing views of housing move the
ultimate target through time.
Presently the estimation is that 585 dwelling units will be built with a mixture of apartments, townhomes and
single family residences. Our calculation of the trip generation from these comes to 4,308 trips/day. This is lower
(82%) than the original value. On average we assert that each dwelling will produce 7.36 trips rather than the
9.25. But this change is certainly not without merit in studying the situation. The Trip Generation Manual
produced by the Institute of Transportation Engineers (ITE) has a category specifically for Residential Planned
Unit Developments, #270. This category is described as:
Residential planned unit developments, for the purposes of trip generation, are defined as containing any
combination of residential land uses. These developments might also contain supporting services such as
limited retain and recreational facilities.
The daily projected trips for this classification from 585 dwelling units would be 4,388 trips/day, which is very
close to the 4,308 trips/day we calculated. Therefore given the newer data and close comparison with PUD
specific values, we believe it is appropriate to use the lower value.
Off-Site Lane Configurations
A key figure to review in that study was Figure 4: 2015 with Site Recommended Lane Configurations (showing
full buildout recommendations). Comparing this to Figure 2: Ambient 2015 Recommended Lane Configurations,
which would be the “no build” assumption of the street system geometry in Section 36, we see the following
items that are noteworthy:
A three-lane round-about was deemed necessary at Stillwater & Old Reserve
o The present single-lane configuration works well currently and does not regularly develop long
delays
o Sizing need will likely change as lands surrounding it come under development
o In 2008 calculations of round-about capacity were in the early stages of development in the US
literature, so a more current evaluation with updated traffic counts and improved methodology
would be more appropriate
Old Reserve is assumed to have one travel lane in each direction
o Old Reserve presently has two travel lanes in each direction from US93 to Glacier HS
Old Reserve & US93 Intersection was assumed to have dual left-turn lanes in all directions
o Only single left-turn lanes are provided presently
o Although long queues can develop (especially northbound) in the left-turn lanes, they typically
pass all of the waiting vehicles in one cycle except during the very peak of summer seasonal
usage
US93 & Approaches (west to Famous Daves and east to Target)
o assumed to be a typical two-way stop controlled intersection with separated left-turn lanes
Bloomstone Development A2Z Engineering, PLLC
Traffic Analysis Update Page 6
o constructed as two-way stop controlled right-in-right-out only configuration
4 Mile & US93 intersection was assumed to have an auxiliary southbound right-turn lane, which has
never been installed
Inside On-Site Lane Configurations
Another recommendation item that warrants further discussion is Figure 6: Recommended Turn Lane Lengths
for Site Accesses – 2015 with Site. This figure recommends a host of separated left-turn lanes up and down
Treeline Road as it passes through Bloomstone. As explained on page 69 of the report, these were
recommended based upon a modification of an AASHTO Green Book’s recommendation of providing 1.5 vehicle
lengths (typically 25 feet) of separate left-turn lane for the number of vehicles arriving in a two minute period.
However they also state that “While turn lane lengths were calculated for left-turn lanes at the site accesses, these
turn-lanes are not necessary to ensure acceptable operations and level-of-service.”
Now having more evolved information about the future development at Bloomstone and especially along
Treeline Road, we expect to see primarily apartment units on the west side (abutting the Bypass) and single
family housing units on the eastern side. Therefore we can review the need for left-turn lanes by working the
calculation backwards for each type of housing:
Apartments
o Left-turn lanes may be needed for northbound vehicles turning into the apartments
o Typically the greatest peak hour usage is the weekday PM entering vehicles
Treeline’s south site entrance sees 45% of all site volume
But assuming apartment dwellers will exclusively use Treeline (not Foxglove),
this rises to 56.25%
PM peak hour volume is 0.67 vehicles/apartment dwelling unit
PM peak hour entering percentage is 61% of all generated trips
Resulting northbound left-turning use is [ dwelling units * 0.67 vph * 56.25% * 61% ] = 0.23
* dwelling units
o To reach a value of one left turning vehicle each two minutes requires:
30 vph = 0.23 * dwelling units ==>>> dwelling units = 30 vph / 0.23 = 130 apartments
The current preliminary plat shows a total of 310 apartment type units being constructed
between Treeline and the Bypass including the already existing Treeline Village
However the apartment units will be served by a total of four entrances (generally one
approach entrance spaced every 350 feet, or a typical city block length)
Resulting apartment units served per entrance is:
310 units / 4 entrances = 78 units per entrance
Or [ 78 units * 0.23 ] = 18 left-turning vehicles in PM peak hour / entrance
Single Family Residences
o Left-turn lanes may be needed for southbound vehicles on Treeline Road turning east onto the
local streets
o Typically the greatest peak hour usage is the weekday PM entering vehicles
Treeline’s north site entrance sees 35% of all site volume
PM peak hour volume is 1.02 vehicles/home
PM peak hour entering percentage is 64% of all generated trips
Resulting southbound left-turning use is [ house dwelling units * 1.02 vph * 35% * 64% ] =
0.23 * house dwelling units
o To reach a value of one left turning vehicle each two minutes requires:
30 vph = 0.23 * dwelling units ==>>> dwelling units = 30 vph / 0.23 = 130 homes
Bloomstone Development A2Z Engineering, PLLC
Traffic Analysis Update Page 7
The current preliminary plat shows a total of 93 homes being constructed along
Foxglove and Bluebell east of Treeline, which will be the greatest concentration of
homes on one access point in the development
Resulting house units served is 93 units, which produce:
[ 93 units * 0.23 ] = 21 left-turning vehicles in PM peak hour
Since these calculations show that the number of left turning vehicles on Treeline are unlikely to rise to the level
of a recommended left turn lane and Treeline is to be constructed as a wider “collector” style street, no
significant amount of delay will be incurred. When a model of the Treeline & Bluebell intersection was developed
for the weekday PM peak hour, the resulting value for queue length did not rise above 0.05% of a car length in
over 95% of usage.
Site Entrance Lane Configurations
Finally review of Figure 6: Recommended Turn Lane Lengths for Site Accesses – 2015 with Site should be
addressed with regard to the three site entrances:
Treeline Road & Old Reserve Drive
Treeline Road & 4 Mile Drive
Foxglove Drive & 4 Mile Drive
At all of these locations (each of them being a “T” intersection with the minor approach side street being STOP
sign controlled), the 2008 report recommends:
separated left-turn and right-turn lanes on the minor STOP controlled approach.
a separated left-turn lane on the major street for vehicles entering Bloomstone
This update to the old study will re-examine this recommendation in detail.
Bloomstone Development A2Z Engineering, PLLC
Traffic Analysis Update Page 8
Section 3 - Proposed Development
Project Scope & History
As stated in the above section, the Bloomstone Development is a mixed-use residential project of approximately
85 acres seeking to provide 585 living units in Kalispell. It received initial approval in 2008 and some
infrastructure was installed for the first phase of construction. That phase was intended to include apartments
and single family housing, but market conditions after 2008 halted the project. Construction was re-started in
2015 and the first phase completed; this included 96 apartments and 25 single family residences. Phase 2 began
construction in 2018 and included 36 townhouse units and 10 single family residences. Phase 3 is presently in
design and includes 47 single family residences.
Project Masterplan
Preliminary plat has recently been renewed for the project and a copy is attached. This preliminary plat details
Phases 3 through 6 and shows a 19-acre remainder that would be divided into additional phases. The goal of the
developer is to maximize the property to meet the full amount of the 585 living units allowed for under the
original PUD; ultimately as a mixture of apartments, condos, townhomes and single family residences.
Since the time of the initial 2008 PUD approval the project interior road system layout has seen some slight
internal modifications, but the number and location of exterior access points has remained the same at three.
These accesses are:
Treeline Road on the northern end, intersecting with Old Reserve Drive
Treeline Road on the southwestern corner, intersecting with 4 Mile Drive
Foxglove Drive on the southeastern corner, intersecting with 4 Mile Drive
Within the development Treeline Road will act as a collector street taking the bulk of the traffic out to either
the north or the south of the development. It will not have any access directly onto lot driveways, but will
provide connections/intersections with the local streets in the project. Foxglove is an urban local street and will
have the least daily volume of the three access points.
Bloomstone Development A2Z Engineering, PLLC
Traffic Analysis Update Page 9
Section 4 - Existing Area Conditions
Study Area
Bloomstone’s immediate surrounding area is generally described as:
Western side: controlled access Alternative US93 Kalispell Bypass
Southern side: the city collector street 4 Mile Drive
Eastern side: the city parks department’s youth sports complex KidSports.
Northern side: the Snowline Acres apartment complex
On a larger scale the development around the project site is commercial in nature to the north and east; while
to the south and west there will be expansion of neighborhood residential.
For guidance on the likely area of direct influence we find that ITE provides recommendation in Table 2-3 of their
guiding document for TIS’s. This table states that developments generating between 200 and 500 peak hour
trips should review:
All signalized intersections and access drives within 0.5 miles from a property line of the site and all major
unsignalized intersections and access drives within 0.25 miles.
Looking at the surrounding area we find the following:
North of Bloomstone
o Treeline Road & Old Reserve Drive
Unsignalized & 0.25 miles from property
o Old Reserve Drive & US93 Bypass northbound ramp
Signalized & 0.39 miles from property
o Old Reserve Drive & US93 Bypass southbound ramp
Signalized & 0.47 miles from property
o Old Reserve Drive & Glacier HS Entrance
Signalized & 0.54 miles from property (Outside Review Area, excluded)
o Old Reserve Drive & US93
Signalized & 0.67 miles from property (Outside Review Area, excluded)
South Side of Bloomstone
o 4 Mile Drive & Treeline Road
o 4 Mile Drive & Foxglove Drive
Southwest of Bloomstone
o 4 Mile Drive & US93 Bypass northbound ramp
Unsignalized & 0.10 miles from property
o 4 Mile Drive & US93 Bypass southbound ramp
Unsignalized & 0.15 miles from property
o 4 Mile Drive & Stillwater Road
Unsignalized & 0.25 miles from property
Southeast of Bloomstone
o 4 Mile Drive & Northland Drive
Unsignalized & adjacent to property
o 4 Mile Drive / Grandview Drive & US93
Signalized & 0.50 miles from property
The geometry of the surrounding road system is generally:
US93 located east of the project – Two lanes northbound and two lanes southbound, with frequent
signalized intersections and separated auxiliary lanes
Bloomstone Development A2Z Engineering, PLLC
Traffic Analysis Update Page 10
Old Reserve Drive located north of the project – Two lanes eastbound and two lanes westbound, with
frequent signalized intersections and separated auxiliary lanes
Kalispell Bypass (Alternate US93) located west of the project – Controlled access facility with two lanes
northbound and two lanes southbound; ramps provided at Old Reserve and 4 Mile Drive cross streets
Stillwater Road located west of the project – One lane northbound and one lane southbound former
county section line road with two way stop controlled intersections (roundabout at Old Reserve)
4 Mile Drive located south of the project – One lane eastbound and one lane westbound with stop-
controlled side streets and signal at US93
Treeline Road - One lane northbound and one lane southbound, with stop-controlled side streets
Current & Expected Development
North of Bloomstone there are two major traffic contributing developments that access onto Treeline Road;
being the Snowline Acres Apartments (currently under construction) and the Treeline Center commercial
subdivision (presently partially built-out). Traffic generation of these sites at full build-outwill be calculated and
included in both the 5-year and 10-year horizon evaluations. See Table 4 in the attachments for the full
calculations.
Developers have also had recent discussions with some local planning officials indicating that design and
construction of a commercial project north of the Treeline Road & Old Reserve Drive will occur soon. This
development would build a northern approach onto said intersection and extend Treeline Road north-
northeast. That project is not well enough defined to include in this study; but it will be given consideration as
we look at the intersection.
Southwest of Bloomstone there are two active PUDs (Stillwater Crossing & Farmstead) for mixed use
development. These include up to 730 residential units and therefore will contribute traffic volumes to 4 Mile
Drive as it connects to US93 east of Bloomstone. See Table 3 in the attachments for the full calculations.
South of Bloomstone is the Northland Subdivision and other adjacent parcels of undeveloped lands. The total
area comes to approximately 110 acres. Development already completed on Northland has a density of
approximately 3 houses/acre, so full utilization would be about 330 homes. Future density may be higher, but
we cannot anticipate that without further information. Primary access will probably come on Northland Drive
off of 4 Mile Drive; lessor access will include North Riding Road, Northridge Drive and Summit Ridge Drive. Likely
at least 50% of the 330 homes will use Northland and 4 Mile.
Pedestrians and Bicyclists
Alternative modes outside of passenger vehicle traffic are anticipated and planned. Bloomstone provides a
network of typical city sidewalks, health and fitness amenities and connection to the city’s trail system. Adjacent
is the KidSports facility which hosts large youth sporting events. The US93 Bypass and 4 Mile Drive have a well
connected parallel asphalt trail facility
Background Traffic
The Montana Department of Transportation (MDT) has kept yearly adjusted counts on several of the roads
surrounding Bloomstone. These counts are shown in Table 1 of the attachments along with projections of what
they will come to in the horizon years of 2026 and 2031. A growth rate was obtained from the City of Kalispell’s
growth policy to calculate the horizon year growth.
Bloomstone Development A2Z Engineering, PLLC
Traffic Analysis Update Page 11
Section 5 - Projected Traffic
Within the Bloomstone Development we anticipate two horizon years of interest:
Year 2026 – being a 5-year projection and anticipating the full construction of:
o Phase 1A West including 25 single family residences and 96 units in the Treeline Village
Apartments
o Phase 2 including 36 townhouse units and 10 single family dwelling units
o Phase 3 including 47 single family residences
o Phase 6 including 126 apartment/multifamily residences
Year 2031 – being a 10-year projection and anticipating full build-out of the project:
o 173 single family residences
o 104 townhome/condo units
o 308 apartment units
On-Site Trip Generation
In horizon year 2026 we expect the following:
2470 vehicles per day
o 1235 entering (50%)
o 1235 leaving (50%)
201 vehicles in the AM peak hour
o 54 entering (27%)
o 147 leaving (73%)
251 vehicles in the PM peak hour
o 155 entering (62%)
o 96 leaving (38%)
In horizon year 2031 we expect the following:
4308 vehicles per day
o 2154 entering (50%)
o 2154 leaving (50%)
348 vehicles in the AM peak hour
o 91 entering (26%)
o 257 leaving (74%)
437 vehicles in the PM peak hour
o 272 entering (62%)
o 165 leaving (38%)
See attached Table 2 for the calculations.
Cut-Through Trips
A fair question to consider is whether Treeline Road will acquire a significant amount of “cut-through” type
traffic, being vehicles that do not have either an origin or destination within the Bloomstone development. It is
certainly possible but seems less than likely. Treeline Road from one side to the other is a distance of 0.8 miles
at a statutory speed limit of 25 mph. Immediately to the west the Bypass runs about the same distance at 60
mph with no traffic interruptions. On the east side US93 runs the same distance while providing a variety of
commercial destinations/services and traffic signals for crossing busy roadways.
One user group that may find use in cutting through Bloomstone would be parents of youth using the KidSports
complex. Some of the parking areas adjacent to fields will fill up and force parents to use paring lots on the far
Bloomstone Development A2Z Engineering, PLLC
Traffic Analysis Update Page 12
side of the complex. US93 is a much more visually simple route for those unfamiliar with the area to drive around
the complex; but local users will be knowledgeable of the Foxglove and Treeline routes. But the facility does
not see it’s largest crowds and highest usage until the weekends so the impacts upon weekday AM and PM
peak hour periods is minimal.
On-Site Trip Distribution
Without two of the three site entrances in place at this time, there is much left to assumption in the distribution
model. The daily distribution provided by the 2008 report was as follows:
31% to/from North side of site:
o 14% to/from the east on Old Reserve Drive
o 17% to/from the west on Old Reserve Drive
69% to/from South side of site:
o 32% to/from the east on 4 Mile Drive
o 37% to/from the west on 4 Mile Drive
And breaking down between the two approaches on the south side of the site, that study assumed 13% would
use the Foxglove entrance and 87% would use the Treeline approach. This is to be expected since the earliest
design layouts made the Foxglove approach much less accessible than the current iteration.
In this report a modified distribution model is presented as follows:
35% to/from North side of site:
o 17.5% to/from the east on Old Reserve Drive
o 17.5% to/from the west on Old Reserve Drive
45% to/from the Treeline Approach on the South side of site:
o 15% to/from the east on 4 Mile Drive
o 30% to/from the west on 4 Mile Drive
20% to/from the Foxglove Approach on the South side of site:
o 13% to/from the east on 4 Mile Drive
o 7% to/from the west on 4 Mile Drive
This model update takes into consideration:
Treeline Road will serve the higher density side of the development
Access to the Bypass provides excellent north/south connectivity to almost all areas more than 1 mile
away from Bloomstone
Modal Split
Alternate modes of travel including walking and bicycles have been considered. Bloomstone is being built to
conform to current city street / sidewalk standards. It will also include amenities such as a health and fitness
trail, a basket court, playgrounds, etc. It is also interconnected to a trail system running along the Bypass and
the KidSports complex. And finally the Glacier High School is located about ½ mile to the northwest.
However even with these significant advantages, the modal split observed in the Kalispell community does not
see any observable percentage of modes outside of passenger vehicles. Governmental officials, health
advocates and many others have long touted physical and mental advantages to alternate modes and they are
being constructed as part of new development. But mathematically as it pertains to this report we can only
agree with the construction of such facilities in the hopes of more future usage, and report the actual usage
currently for what it is.
Calculation Results
The results of these calculations are found in the attachments in Table 2.
Bloomstone Development A2Z Engineering, PLLC
Traffic Analysis Update Page 13
Section 6 - Transportation Analysis
Site Circulation & Parking
Bloomstone has been under PUD since it was first approved in 2008. It is an 80+ acre site and projected full-
buildout siteplans have always showed:
A main north-south collector road providing access to (1) apartment complex parking lots, and (2)
intersections with urban-local streets
A system of urban-local streets sections serving single family and townhome lot driveways
Three site access points out to connect with the regular city street system
Circulation for vehicles is provided by the interior network of roads that emphasize connectedness. Some
streets may in the future terminate with cul-de-sacs, but given their high cost of construction and poor use of
space/density, Bloomstone’s developer has encouraged avoiding their use. City standards for local streets
including corner site triangles, limitations on grade, minimum horizontal and vertical curvature, corner no
parking areas and other AASHTO type criteria encourage safe and efficient design.
Parking is provided in the development includes:
Single family residential and townhome garages and driveways
Street parking along the urban-local streets
Parking lots for apartment complexes sized to city zoning standards
With all of these factors considered the site circulation and parking are sufficient for the development.
Intersection Analysis
In Section 4 a list of surrounding intersections that may be impacted by the Bloomstone development were
described. Each of those will be further reviewed after consideration of the updated on-site and surrounding
traffic volume projections.
North of Bloomstone
In Section 4 a list of surrounding intersections that may be impacted by the Bloomstone development were
described. Each of those will be further reviewed after consideration of the updated on-site and surrounding
traffic volume projections.
Treeline Road & Old Reserve Drive - Unsignalized & 0.25 miles from property
This is a three-legged intersection with the following approach configurations:
Treeline Road, the northbound approach, stop sign controlled, one left-turn lane and one right-turn lane
Old Reserve Drive, the eastbound approach, one lane through traffic and one lane through/right-turn
Old Reserve Drive, the westbound approach, two lanes through traffic and one lane left-turn
Combining volumes of traffic from the background, the Snowacres Apartments, the Treeline Center commercial
subdivision and Bloomstone, we find the following results:
5-year horizon – 2026
o AM Peak Hour
Old Reserve Westbound Left-turn – LOS A
Treeline Northbound Left-turn – LOS F
Treeline Northbound Right-turn – LOS B
o PM Peak Hour
Old Reserve Westbound Left-turn – LOS A
Treeline Northbound Left-turn – LOS E
Bloomstone Development A2Z Engineering, PLLC
Traffic Analysis Update Page 14
Treeline Northbound Right -turn – LOS B
10-year horizon - 2031
o AM Peak Hour
Old Reserve Westbound Left-turn – LOS A
Treeline Northbound Left-turn – LOS F
Treeline Northbound Right -turn – LOS B
o PM Peak Hour
Old Reserve Westbound Left-turn – LOS A
Treeline Northbound Left-turn – LOS F
Treeline Northbound Right -turn – LOS B
See Table 5 for the volumes and distribution used at the intersection. See Table 6 for the results including the
length of control delay incurred. Highway capacity software model reports are also included in the attachments.
The obvious issue of concern is the northbound left-turn on the Treeline Road approach. This will be addressed
further in the next sections.
Old Reserve Drive & US93 Bypass northbound ramp - Signalized & 0.39 miles from property
The intersection of the northbound ramp and Old Reserve is 4-legged with coordinated traffic signal control
causing it to work as an integrated part of several signalized intersections at the location. Bloomstone’s
contribution to the traffic in this location is:
5-year horizon – 2026
o AM Peak Hour
51 vph leave Bloomstone and travel toward this intersection
33% or 17 vph turn right to use the northbound Bypass on-ramp
o 4% addition to DHV at a signalized right-turn; not significant
67% or 34 vph go through the intersection on Old Reserve
o 5% addition to DHV thru lanes; not significant
19 vph come to Bloomstone from this intersection
33% or 6 vph turn right from the northbound Bypass off-ramp separated right-
turn lane
o 2% addition to DHV at a signalized right-turn; not significant
67% or 13 vph come through the intersection on Old Reserve
o 2% addition to DHV thru lanes; not significant
o PM Peak Hour
33 vph leave Bloomstone and travel toward this intersection
This is less than the insignificant AM levels of traffic, no further analysis needed
54 vph come to Bloomstone from this intersection
33% or 18 vph turn right from the northbound Bypass off-ramp separated right-
turn lane
o 6% addition to DHV at a signalized right-turn; not significant
67% or 36 vph come through the intersection on Old Reserve
o 6% addition to DHV thru lanes; not significant
10-year horizon – 2031
o AM Peak Hour
90 vph leave Bloomstone and travel toward this intersection
33% or 30 vph turn right to use the northbound Bypass on-ramp
o 7% addition to DHV at a signalized right-turn; not significant
67% or 60 vph go through the intersection on Old Reserve
o 8% addition to DHV thru lanes; not significant
Bloomstone Development A2Z Engineering, PLLC
Traffic Analysis Update Page 15
32 vph come to Bloomstone from this intersection
33% or 10 vph turn right from the northbound Bypass off-ramp separated right-
turn lane
o 3% addition to DHV at a signalized right-turn; not significant
67% or 21 vph come through the intersection on Old Reserve
o 3% addition to DHV thru lanes; not significant
o PM Peak Hour
58 vph leave Bloomstone and travel toward this intersection
This is less than the insignificant AM levels of traffic, no further analysis needed
95 vph come to Bloomstone from this intersection
33% or 31 vph turn right from the northbound Bypass off-ramp separated right-
turn lane
o 9% addition to DHV at a signalized right-turn; not significant
67% or 64 vph come through the intersection on Old Reserve
o 10% addition to DHV thru lanes; not significant
In short, although there are vehicle trips contributed to the intersection, they do not constitute an amount of
traffic that would change the configuration of the intersection if the design was reconsidered.
Old Reserve Drive & US93 Bypass southbound ramp - Signalized & 0.47 miles from property
The intersection of the southbound ramp and Old Reserve is 4-legged with coordinated traffic signal control
causing it to work as an integrated part of several signalized intersections at the location.
Bloomstone’s contribution to the traffic in this location is very similar to the intersection at the northbound
ramp. In that analysis we found nothing in the 5 and 10-year horizons of significant impact. Therefore we do not
anticipate that this intersection will have such impacts either.
South Side of Bloomstone
4 Mile Drive & Treeline Road
The intersection of 4 Mile Drive and Treeline Road is being required by planning approvals to provide separated
left-turn lanes on the southbound and eastbound approaches. Treeline Road’s approach will be stop controlled.
An analysis of the intersection in the horizon years finds:
5-year horizon – 2026
o AM Peak Hour
4 Mile Eastbound Left-turn – LOS A
Treeline Southbound Left-turn – LOS C
Treeline Southbound Right -turn – LOS B
o PM Peak Hour
4 Mile Eastbound Left-turn – LOS A
Treeline Southbound Left-turn – LOS C
Treeline Southbound Right -turn – LOS B
10-year horizon - 2031
o AM Peak Hour
4 Mile Eastbound Left-turn – LOS A
Treeline Southbound Left-turn – LOS D
Treeline Southbound Right -turn – LOS B
o PM Peak Hour
4 Mile Eastbound Left-turn – LOS A
Treeline Southbound Left-turn – LOS D
Bloomstone Development A2Z Engineering, PLLC
Traffic Analysis Update Page 16
Treeline Southbound Right -turn – LOS B
See Table 5 for the volumes and distribution used at the intersection. See Table 6 for the results including the
length of control delay incurred. Highway capacity software model reports are also included in the attachments.
The issue of concern is the southbound left-turn on the Treeline Road approach. This will be addressed further
in the next sections.
4 Mile Drive & Foxglove Drive
The intersection of 4 Mile Drive and Foxglove Drive is being required by planning approvals to provide separated
left-turn lanes on the southbound and eastbound approaches. Foxglove’s approach will be stop controlled. An
analysis of the intersection in the horizon years finds:
5-year horizon – 2026
o AM Peak Hour
4 Mile Eastbound Left-turn – LOS A
Foxglove Southbound Left-turn – LOS C
Foxglove Southbound Right -turn – LOS B
o PM Peak Hour
4 Mile Eastbound Left-turn – LOS A
Foxglove Southbound Left-turn – LOS C
Foxglove Southbound Right -turn – LOS B
10-year horizon - 2031
o AM Peak Hour
4 Mile Eastbound Left-turn – LOS A
Foxglove Southbound Left-turn – LOS D
Foxglove Southbound Right -turn – LOS B
o PM Peak Hour
4 Mile Eastbound Left-turn – LOS A
Foxglove Southbound Left-turn – LOS D
Foxglove Southbound Right -turn – LOS B
See Table 5 for the volumes and distribution used at the intersection. See Table 6 for the results including the
length of control delay incurred. Highway capacity software model reports are also included in the attachments.
The issue of concern is the southbound left-turn on the Foxglove Road approach. This will be addressed further
in the next sections.
Southwest of Bloomstone
4 Mile Drive & US93 Bypass northbound ramp
The intersection of 4 Mile Drive and the Bypass northbound ramp is 4-legged with stop control on the south
approach. It also provides a separated left-turn lane on the eastbound approach. Bloomstone will not impact
the 4 Mile Drive through lanes or the eastbound left-turn lane capacity. The only impact would be additional
vehicles northbound on the exit ramp and turning right. This addition will amount to:
5-year horizon – 2026
o AM Peak Hour
20 vph right-turning
o PM Peak Hour
57 vph right-turning
10-year horizon - 2031
o AM Peak Hour
Bloomstone Development A2Z Engineering, PLLC
Traffic Analysis Update Page 17
33 vph right-turning or 10% addition
o PM Peak Hour
100 vph right-turning or 15% addition
An evaluation was done using the worst case scenario (2031 PM peak hour), and the additional 100 right-turns
from the exit ramp added about 2 seconds to the control delay on the approach, but it stayed at the same LOS
of C. So there was a measurable impact, but not one of significance.
4 Mile Drive & US93 Bypass southbound ramp
The intersection of 4 Mile Drive and the Bypass southbound ramp is 4-legged with stop control on the north
approach. It also provides a separated left-turn lane on the westbound approach. Bloomstone will not impact
the 4 Mile Drive through lanes. It will draw more vehicles turning left from the ramp and using the westbound
left-turn lane onto the ramp. This addition will amount to up to about 50 left-turners per hour at each location.
Reviewing this change in a 2031 AM and PM peak hour model of the intersection finds that those left-turns have
an LOS of “C” before and after the Bloomstone contribution.
4 Mile Drive & Stillwater Road
The intersection of 4 Mile Drive and Stillwater Road is 4-legged with stop control on the east and west
approaches. It also provides a separated left-turn lanes on the westbound and southbound approaches.
Bloomstone’s impact upon this intersection will be minimal since only those persons avoiding the Bypass will
use it. The only impact would be upon the westbound left-turn lane; which will probably see about 8% of the
vehicle trips going to/from the southwest from the development, which amounts to about 30 vehicles in the
AM peak hour. Looking at the LOS of that left turn, these 30 vehicles will add 4 seconds of control delay to the
vehicles using the left-turn lane and raise the length of the necessary left-turn bay from one vehicle to two.
However it is already constructed to have over two vehicles storage capacity so the impact is minimal. Much
more of the impacts on that intersection will result from the construction of the two adjacent PUDs.
Southeast of Bloomstone
4 Mile Drive & Northland Drive
This intersection is presently a three-legged arrangement with no separated auxiliary lanes. It currently serves
only part of the full future development of the Northland Subdivision.
A traffic intersection HCS model was constructed and it assumed the 2031 horizon hear volumes on 4 Mile Drive;
and 50% of the 330 expected housing units south of 4 Mile Drive (Northland) using the intersection. With all of
that volume the east/west directions are serving at an LOS of “A”, and the northbound approach is able to
maintain a LOS of “C”.
4 Mile Drive / Grandview Drive & US93
This intersection is signalized and coordinated with other traffic signals on US93. It currently has the following
approach configuration:
Northbound – two through lanes, one separated right-turn lane, and one separated left-turn lane with
left-turn signal head
Southbound – one through lane, one through/right-turn lane, and one separated left-turn lane with left-
turn signal head
Westbound - one through/left-turn lane, and one separated right-turn lane
Eastbound – one through/right-turn lane, and one separated left-turn lane
Striped and signalized crosswalks are provided on all four approaches. In general the intersection will see the
following vehicle volumes (2019 counts, 1.6% growth rate, adding Stillwater & 4 Mile PUDs):
Bloomstone Development A2Z Engineering, PLLC
Traffic Analysis Update Page 18
2019 – 10.75 million entering vehicles/year (MEV)
2026 – 12.03 MEV
o Bloomstone would add 0.255 MEV, or an increase of 2.1%
2031 – 13.04 MEV
o Bloomstone would add 0.444 MEV, or an increase of 3.4%
More specifically, Bloomstone’s impact would be on these movements:
Eastbound
o 2026 - 21 peak hour left-turns, 21 peak hour right-turns
o 2031 - 36 peak hour left-turns, 21 peak hour right-turns
Northbound
o 2026 - 22 peak hour left-turns
o 2031 - 38 peak hour left-turns
Southbound
o 2026 - 22 peak hour right-turns
o 2031 - 38 peak hour right-turns
Assuming a typical 120 second cycle time on the signal, this amounts to the addition of 1.27 vehicles per cycle.
This is not a significant source of additional delay at the intersection.
Bloomstone Development A2Z Engineering, PLLC
Traffic Analysis Update Page 19
Section 7 - Improvement Analysis
Analysis of improvements for the local transportation system fall into several different categories, as shown in
the following sections.
Improvements to Accommodate Existing & Projected Background Traffic
Existing traffic growth has been planned for through several large projects past, present and future:
US93 – This facility provides two lanes northbound and two lanes southbound from Whitefish to Somers
(excepting the county courthouse area). In north Kalispell the road is frequently signalized and provided
with auxiliary turning lanes. It is also access controlled by MDT permitting.
Kalispell Bypass (alternate US93) – For decades the state and local regulators have planned for a
“bypass” facility to provide an alternative route for north/south traffic. This facility when full built will
be access controlled with ramped interchanges and two lanes northbound, two lanes southbound. It’s
long term goal is to provide relief to the US93 route that runs through downtown Kalispell.
Old Reserve Drive – This is a street with two lanes eastbound and two lanes westbound and frequent
signalized intersections. It provides an urban connection between US93 and the Bypass; and further on
to Stillwater Road.
4 Mile Drive – This is a city minor arterial street with one lane eastbound and one lane westbound. It
provides an urban connection between US93 and the Bypass; and further on to both Stillwater Road
and the FVCC.
In addition, a call with the MDT Kalispell area traffic engineer indicated that design work is being done by a
developer to extend Treeline Road north of the intersection with Old Reserve Drive. This extension would serve
new development producing additional trips to the intersection. Indications from that meeting were are that
the new improved intersection would immediately warrant a traffic signal. MDT agrees with the need for the
signal and would require interconnection with the other adjacent signals in the area to allow for programmed
coordination. MDT also mentioned that DNRC may already have a plan for funding such a signal in place.
Finally the city of Kalispell has indicated through their planning and engineering departments that as
Bloomstone develops along 4 Mile Drive there will be a requirement to convert the rural type road cross section
(two traffic lanes, wide paved shoulders, ditch and asphalt walking trail) to a more appropriate urban type cross
section on the frontage (addition of slight pavement widening, curb and gutter, addressing possible trail
upgrades to a sidewalk). It can be assumed that other undeveloped property along 4 Mile would have to meet
the same requirements. The already developed section from US93 to Northridge would likely require some type
of city, SID or grant funded roadwork to compete the improvement.
Additional Improvements to Accommodate Site Traffic
Site traffic significantly impacts three locations which are discussed herein.
Treeline Road & Old Reserve Drive
At this intersection the issue of concern is the northbound left-turning traffic in the AM and PM peak hours.
There is a combination of factors that contribute to the issue:
growth of eastbound and westbound background traffic volume on Old Reserve Drive
the Snowline Acres apartment complex
the Treeline Center commercial complex
Bloomstone
In the various horizon years, Bloomstone’s contribution to the total left-turns will be:
2026
o AM peak hour – 19% northbound left turning vehicles
Bloomstone Development A2Z Engineering, PLLC
Traffic Analysis Update Page 20
o PM peak hour – 21% northbound left turning vehicles
2031
o AM peak hour – 30% northbound left turning vehicles
o PM peak hour – 31% northbound left turning vehicles
The trips that are the most flexible and able to modify their travel route to avoid long delays are those that
begin or end at Bloomstone; rather than those using either the Snowline or the Treeline Center developments.
Generally the only upgrade that will reduce delay of left-turners at an intersection is the implementation of a
traffic signal. A quick check can be done to see if a traffic signal may be warranted by comparing the projected
AM / PM peak hour volumes against a standard MUTCD Traffic Signal Warrant #3 (peak hour of use). This warrant
uses MUTCD Figure 4C-3. A plot has been made in the attached exhibits which verifies that in the year 2026 and
2031 AM and PM peak hours the expected traffic volumes do warrant a traffic signal.
Combining this with (1) the MDT expectation of development of Treeline Road north of Old Reserve Drive and
(2) DNRC planning for eventual installation of a traffic signal at the intersection, it seems that the signal is the
natural outcome for the development.
Further inquiry will need to be made with DNRC, MDT and the city to fully for the idea for the signalized
intersection and the responsibility of Bloomstone in regard to it.
Treeline Road & 4 Mile Drive
In the last iteration of approval of the PUD/preliminary plat for Bloomstone the city planning department / city
council included the requirements for:
“… Treeline Road and Foxglove Drive … shall have three lanes at their intersections with Four Mile
Drive” (condition #16)
“Four Mile Drive will need … a left turn lane at both Treeline Rd and Foxglove Dr.”
Being constrained to install them by plat conditions there is no need to discuss whether they are warranted by
a traffic study. In the previous section it was found that:
The southbound left-turn lane on Treeline Road in the 2031 AM & PM peak hours is the only movement
that falls below a LOS of “C”
None of the left-turn lanes develop a 95% queue length that exceeds one vehicle length
Normally the next upgrade to reduce delay beyond provision of a separated left-turn lane is a traffic signal.
However an MUTCD Traffic Signal Warrant #3 analysis of the intersection in the 2031 AM & PM peak hours (see
attached exhibit) found that the intersection does not warrant signalization. Therefore it should be left as-is
since signalization has its own menu of issues when not installed to solve a well defined problem. Other
solutions such as an all-way stop controlled intersection or a round-about would be inappropriate for installation
on a city minor arterial street such as 4 Mile Drive.
The vehicle storage length provided for the left turn lanes in the current design is 50 feet, which is generally
used as a standard minimum. Additional de facto storage length is provided in the lane taper/transition areas.
So queue length is provided for in excess.
Foxglove Drive & 4 Mile Drive
As just stated in the last section, the intersection is required by platting conditions to provide separated left-
turn lanes for both southbound and eastbound traffic. In the previous section it was found that:
The southbound left-turn lane on Foxglove Drive in the 2031 AM & PM peak hours is the only movement
that falls below a LOS of “C”
None of the left-turn lanes develop a 95% queue length that exceeds one vehicle length
Bloomstone Development A2Z Engineering, PLLC
Traffic Analysis Update Page 21
The next upgrade to reduce delay beyond provision of a separated left-turn lane is a traffic signal. However an
MUTCD Traffic Signal Warrant #3 analysis of the intersection in the 2031 AM & PM peak hours (see attached
exhibit) found that the intersection does not warrant signalization. Therefore it should be left as-is since
signalization has its own menu of issues when not installed to solve a well defined problem.
The vehicle storage length provided for the left turn lanes in the current design is 50 feet, which is generally
used as a standard minimum. Additional de facto storage length is provided in the lane taper/transition areas.
So queue length is provided for in excess.
Bloomstone Development A2Z Engineering, PLLC
Traffic Analysis Update Page 22
Section 8 – Attachments
A2Z ENGINEERING, PLLC
138 East Center Street, Suite A, Kalispell, MT 59901
Phone 406.755.7888 Fax 406.755.7880
Project
Subject
Date
Page No.
HI
G
H
W
A
Y
9
3
KA
L
I
S
P
E
L
L
BY
P
A
S
S
ST
I
L
L
W
A
T
E
R
OLD RESERVE
OLD RESERVE
4 MILE DR
BLOOMSTONE
TRAFFIC IMPACT STUDY UPDATE
APRIL 2021
AREA MAP
TREELINE
KAL
I
S
P
E
L
L
BYP
A
S
S
KALI
S
P
E
L
L
BYP
A
S
S
TR
E
E
L
I
N
E
FO
X
G
L
O
V
E
1 OF 1
Bloomstone
Development
N
A2Z ENGINEERING, PLLC
138 East Center Street, Suite A, Kalispell, MT 59901
Phone 406.755.7888 Fax 406.755.7880
Project
Subject
Date
Page No.
HI
G
H
W
A
Y
9
3
KA
L
I
S
P
E
L
L
BY
P
A
S
S
ST
I
L
L
W
A
T
E
R
O
L
D
R
E
S
E
R
V
E
OLD RESERVE
4 MILE DR
BLOOMSTONE
TRAFFIC IMPACT STUDY UPDATE
APRIL 2021
AREA MAP - 2026 BACKGROUND VOLUMES
TREELINE
KAL
I
S
P
E
L
L
BYP
A
S
S
KALI
S
P
E
L
L
BYP
A
S
S
TR
E
E
L
I
N
E
FO
X
G
L
O
V
E
1 OF 1
Bloomstone
Development
N
1756 AADT
297 DHV-30
1926 AADT291 DHV-30
5092 AADT592 DHV-30
5101 AADT618 DHV-30
3
2
0
6
A
A
D
T
3
5
4
D
H
V
-
3
0
3
7
5
6
A
A
D
T
5
5
5
D
H
V
-
3
0
18
2
5
4
A
A
D
T
20
4
2
D
H
V
-
3
0
14
7
5
2
A
A
D
T
14
6
3
D
H
V
-
3
0
StillwaterCrossing
Farmstead
2092 AADT
337 DHV-30
2262 AADT333 DHV-30
Add 2026StillwaterCrossing &FarmsteadPUDs
A2Z ENGINEERING, PLLC
138 East Center Street, Suite A, Kalispell, MT 59901
Phone 406.755.7888 Fax 406.755.7880
Project
Subject
Date
Page No.
HI
G
H
W
A
Y
9
3
KA
L
I
S
P
E
L
L
BY
P
A
S
S
ST
I
L
L
W
A
T
E
R
O
L
D
R
E
S
E
R
V
E
OLD RESERVE
4 MILE DR
BLOOMSTONE
TRAFFIC IMPACT STUDY UPDATE
APRIL 2021
AREA MAP - 2031 BACKGROUND VOLUMES
TREELINE
KAL
I
S
P
E
L
L
BYP
A
S
S
KALI
S
P
E
L
L
BYP
A
S
S
TR
E
E
L
I
N
E
FO
X
G
L
O
V
E
1 OF 1
Bloomstone
Development
N
1904 AADT
322 DHV-30
2087 AADT316 DHV-30
5519 AADT642 DHV-30
5528 AADT670 DHV-30
3
4
7
5
A
A
D
T
3
8
3
D
H
V
-
3
0
4
0
7
1
A
A
D
T
6
0
2
D
H
V
-
3
0
19
7
8
5
A
A
D
T
22
1
3
D
H
V
-
3
0
15
9
8
9
A
A
D
T
15
8
6
D
H
V
-
3
0
Stillwater
Crossing
Farmstead
2576 AADT483 DHV-30
2759 AADT
485 DHV-30
Add 2031StillwaterCrossing &FarmsteadPUDs
A2Z ENGINEERING, PLLC
138 East Center Street, Suite A, Kalispell, MT 59901
Phone 406.755.7888 Fax 406.755.7880
Project
Subject
Date
Page No.
HI
G
H
W
A
Y
9
3
KA
L
I
S
P
E
L
L
BY
P
A
S
S
ST
I
L
L
W
A
T
E
R
OLD RESERVE
OLD RESERVE
4 MILE DR
BLOOMSTONE
TRAFFIC IMPACT STUDY UPDATE
APRIL 2021
TRIP DISTRIBUTION MAP
TREELINE
KALI
S
P
E
L
L
BYPA
S
S
KAL
I
S
P
E
L
L
BYP
A
S
S
TR
E
E
L
I
N
E
FO
X
G
L
O
V
E
1 OF 1
Bloomstone
Development
N
4 MILE DR & FOXGLOVE DR
20% of Bloomstone Daily Trips
Directional Distribution:
·67% to / from US 93
·33% to / from Bypass
4 MILE DR & TREELINE ROAD
45% of Bloomstone Daily Trips
Directional Distribution:
·33% to / from US 93
·67% to / from Bypass
TREELINE ROAD NORTHWARD35% of Bloomstone Daily Trips
Directional Distribution:
·50% to / from US 93
·50% to / from Bypass
A2Z ENGINEERING, PLLC
138 East Center Street, Suite A, Kalispell, MT 59901
Phone 406.755.7888 Fax 406.755.7880
Project
Subject
Date
Page No.
BLOOMSTONE
TRAFFIC IMPACT STUDY UPDATE
APRIL 2021
1 OF 1
N
PEAK HOUR TRAFFIC SIGNAL WARRANT (#3)
Analysis of Old Reserve & Treeline Road in the 2026 AM peak hour of traffic
Old Reserve DHV-30 approximately 1410 vph
Treeline Road is at 264 vph
Analysis of Old Reserve & Treeline Road in the 2026 PM peak hour of traffic
Old Reserve DHV-30 approximately 1422 vph
Treeline Road is at 160 vph
A2Z ENGINEERING, PLLC
138 East Center Street, Suite A, Kalispell, MT 59901
Phone 406.755.7888 Fax 406.755.7880
Project
Subject
Date
Page No.
BLOOMSTONE
TRAFFIC IMPACT STUDY UPDATE
APRIL 2021
1 OF 1
N
PEAK HOUR TRAFFIC SIGNAL WARRANT (#3)
Analysis of Old Reserve & Treeline Road in the 2031 AM peak hour of traffic
Old Reserve DHV-30 approximately 1524 vph
Treeline Road is at 304 vph
Analysis of Old Reserve & Treeline Road in the 2031 PM peak hour of traffic
Old Reserve DHV-30 approximately 1566 vph
Treeline Road is at 186 vph
A2Z ENGINEERING, PLLC
138 East Center Street, Suite A, Kalispell, MT 59901
Phone 406.755.7888 Fax 406.755.7880
Project
Subject
Date
Page No.
BLOOMSTONE
TRAFFIC IMPACT STUDY UPDATE
APRIL 2021
1 OF 1
N
PEAK HOUR TRAFFIC SIGNAL WARRANT (#3)
Analysis of 4 Mile Drive & Treeline Road in the 2031 AM peak hour of traffic
4 Mile Drive DHV-30 approximately 968 vph
Treeline Road is at 116 vph
Analysis of 4 Mile Drive & Treeline Road in the 2031 PM peak hour of traffic
4 Mile Drive DHV-30 approximately 968 vph
Treeline Road is at 75 vph
A2Z ENGINEERING, PLLC
138 East Center Street, Suite A, Kalispell, MT 59901
Phone 406.755.7888 Fax 406.755.7880
Project
Subject
Date
Page No.
BLOOMSTONE
TRAFFIC IMPACT STUDY UPDATE
APRIL 2021
1 OF 1
N
PEAK HOUR TRAFFIC SIGNAL WARRANT (#3)
Analysis of Treeline Road & Foxglove Drive in the 2031 AM peak hour of traffic
Treeline Road DHV-30 approximately 968 vph
Foxglove Drive is at 51 vph
Analysis of Treeline Road & Foxglove Drive in the 2031 PM peak hour of traffic
Treeline Road DHV-30 approximately 968 vph
Foxglove Drive is at 33 vph
TA
B
L
E
1
AA
D
T
M
D
T
D
H
V
-
3
0
2
0
2
6
A
A
D
T
2
0
2
6
D
H
V
-
3
0
2
0
3
1
A
A
D
T
2
0
3
1
D
H
V
-
3
0
4
M
i
l
e
D
r
i
v
e
w
e
s
t
o
f
U
S
9
3
no
r
t
h
b
o
u
n
d
(
2
0
1
8
)
1
6
9
3
25
6
19
2
6
29
1
20
8
7
31
6
so
u
t
h
b
o
u
n
d
(
2
0
1
8
)
1
5
4
4
26
1
17
5
6
29
7
19
0
4
32
2
Ol
d
R
e
s
e
r
v
e
w
e
s
t
o
f
U
S
9
3
no
r
t
h
b
o
u
n
d
(
2
0
1
9
)
4
5
5
7
55
2
51
0
1
61
8
55
2
8
67
0
so
u
t
h
b
o
u
n
d
(
2
0
1
9
)
4
5
4
9
52
9
50
9
2
59
2
55
1
9
64
2
Ol
d
R
e
s
e
v
e
n
e
a
r
G
l
a
c
i
e
r
H
S
no
r
t
h
b
o
u
n
d
(
2
0
2
0
)
3
4
1
0
50
4
37
5
6
55
5
40
7
1
60
2
so
u
t
h
b
o
u
n
d
(
2
0
2
0
)
2
9
1
1
32
1
32
0
6
35
4
34
7
5
38
3
US
9
3
n
o
r
t
h
o
f
4
M
i
l
e
D
r
no
r
t
h
b
o
u
n
d
(
2
0
1
9
)
1
6
3
0
8
18
2
4
18
2
5
4
2
0
4
2
1
9
7
8
5
22
1
3
so
u
t
h
b
o
u
n
d
(
2
0
1
9
)
1
3
1
7
9
13
0
7
14
7
5
2
14
6
3
1
5
9
8
9
1
5
8
6
Ye
a
r
l
y
G
r
o
w
t
h
R
a
t
e
=
1
.
6
2
3
4
5
5
%
(
f
r
o
m
K
a
l
i
s
p
e
l
l
G
r
o
w
t
h
P
o
l
i
c
y
,
s
h
o
w
i
n
g
3
8
%
g
r
o
w
t
h
i
n
2
0
-
y
e
a
r
s
)
Su
r
r
o
u
n
d
i
n
g
S
t
r
e
e
t
S
y
s
t
e
m
T
r
a
f
f
i
c
V
o
l
u
m
e
s
Lo
c
a
t
i
o
n
MD
T
C
o
u
n
t
e
d
&
A
d
j
u
s
t
e
d
P
r
o
j
e
c
t
e
d
5
Y
e
a
r
H
o
r
i
z
o
n
P
r
o
j
e
c
t
e
d
1
0
Y
e
a
r
H
o
r
i
z
o
n
TA
B
L
E
2
En
t
e
r
E
x
i
t
T
o
t
a
l
E
n
t
e
r
E
x
i
t
T
o
t
a
l
E
n
t
e
r
E
x
i
t
T
o
t
a
l
Si
n
g
l
e
F
a
m
i
l
y
R
e
s
i
d
e
n
t
i
a
l
,
#
2
1
0
82
3
9
2
3
9
2
7
8
5
1
6
4
7
6
3
5
3
3
1
8
4
Mu
l
t
i
-
f
a
m
i
l
y
,
#
2
2
0
22
2
7
3
8
7
3
8
1
4
7
6
3
5
8
7
1
2
2
9
1
5
8
1
4
9
To
w
n
h
o
u
s
e
/
C
o
n
d
o
,
#
2
3
0
36
1
0
5
1
0
5
2
0
9
3
1
3
1
6
1
2
7
1
9
12
3
5
1
2
3
5
2
4
7
0
5
4
1
4
7
2
0
1
1
5
5
9
6
2
5
1
De
v
e
l
o
p
m
e
n
t
E
n
t
r
y
/
E
x
i
t
P
o
i
n
t
%
E
n
t
e
r
E
x
i
t
T
o
t
a
l
E
n
t
e
r
E
x
i
t
T
o
t
a
l
E
n
t
e
r
E
x
i
t
T
o
t
a
l
Tr
e
e
l
i
n
e
D
r
N
o
r
t
h
b
o
u
n
d
35
%
4
3
2
4
3
2
8
6
5
1
9
5
1
7
0
5
4
3
3
8
8
21
6
2
1
6
4
3
2
9
2
6
3
5
2
7
1
7
4
4
21
6
2
1
6
4
3
2
9
2
6
3
5
2
7
1
7
4
4
Tr
e
e
l
i
n
e
D
r
&
4
M
i
l
e
D
r
I
n
t
e
r
s
e
c
t
i
o
n
4
5
%
5
5
6
5
5
6
1
1
1
2
2
4
6
6
9
0
7
0
4
3
1
1
3
18
3
1
8
3
3
6
7
8
2
2
3
0
2
3
1
4
3
7
37
2
3
7
2
7
4
5
1
6
4
4
6
1
4
7
2
9
7
6
Fo
x
g
l
o
v
e
D
r
&
4
M
i
l
e
D
r
I
n
t
e
r
s
e
c
t
i
o
n
2
0
%
2
4
7
2
4
7
4
9
4
1
1
2
9
4
0
3
1
1
9
5
0
16
6
1
6
6
3
3
1
7
2
0
2
7
2
1
1
3
3
4
82
8
2
1
6
3
4
1
0
1
3
1
0
6
1
7
En
t
e
r
E
x
i
t
T
o
t
a
l
E
n
t
e
r
E
x
i
t
T
o
t
a
l
E
n
t
e
r
E
x
i
t
T
o
t
a
l
Si
n
g
l
e
F
a
m
i
l
y
R
e
s
i
d
e
n
t
i
a
l
,
#
2
1
0
17
3
8
2
8
8
2
8
1
6
5
6
3
3
1
0
0
1
3
3
1
1
1
6
5
1
7
6
Ap
a
r
t
m
e
n
t
,
#
2
2
0
30
8
1
0
2
4
1
0
2
4
2
0
4
8
4
9
1
2
0
1
6
9
1
2
6
8
0
2
0
6
To
w
n
h
o
u
s
e
/
C
o
n
d
o
,
#
2
3
0
10
4
3
0
2
3
0
2
6
0
4
9
3
7
4
6
3
5
1
9
5
4
21
5
4
2
1
5
4
4
3
0
8
9
1
2
5
7
3
4
8
2
7
2
1
6
5
4
3
7
De
v
e
l
o
p
m
e
n
t
E
n
t
r
y
/
E
x
i
t
P
o
i
n
t
%
E
n
t
e
r
E
x
i
t
T
o
t
a
l
E
n
t
e
r
E
x
i
t
T
o
t
a
l
E
n
t
e
r
E
x
i
t
T
o
t
a
l
Tr
e
e
l
i
n
e
D
r
N
o
r
t
h
b
o
u
n
d
35
%
7
5
4
7
5
4
1
5
0
8
3
2
9
0
1
2
2
9
5
5
8
1
5
3
37
7
3
7
7
7
5
4
1
6
4
5
6
1
4
8
2
9
7
6
37
7
3
7
7
7
5
4
1
6
4
5
6
1
4
8
2
9
7
6
Tr
e
e
l
i
n
e
D
r
&
4
M
i
l
e
D
r
I
n
t
e
r
s
e
c
t
i
o
n
4
5
%
9
6
9
9
6
9
1
9
3
9
4
1
1
1
6
1
5
7
1
2
2
7
4
1
9
7
32
0
3
2
0
6
4
0
1
4
3
8
5
2
4
0
2
5
6
5
64
9
6
4
9
1
2
9
9
2
7
7
8
1
0
5
8
2
5
0
1
3
2
Fo
x
g
l
o
v
e
D
r
&
4
M
i
l
e
D
r
I
n
t
e
r
s
e
c
t
i
o
n
2
0
%
4
3
1
4
3
1
8
6
2
1
8
5
1
7
0
5
4
3
3
8
7
28
9
2
8
9
5
7
7
1
2
3
4
4
7
3
6
2
2
5
9
14
2
1
4
2
2
8
4
6
1
7
2
3
1
8
1
1
2
9
BUILD-OUT OF PHASES 1A West, 2, 3 & 6 (YEAR 2026)FULL BUILD-OUT OF ALL PHASES (YEAR 2031)
Da
i
l
y
AM
P
e
a
k
H
o
u
r
PM
P
e
a
k
H
o
u
r
50
%
t
o
/
f
r
o
m
U
S
9
3
50
%
t
o
/
f
r
o
m
B
y
p
a
s
s
33
%
t
o
/
f
r
o
m
U
S
9
3
67
%
t
o
/
f
r
o
m
B
y
p
a
s
s
67
%
t
o
/
f
r
o
m
U
S
9
3
33
%
t
o
/
f
r
o
m
B
y
p
a
s
s
PM
P
e
a
k
H
o
u
r
Da
i
l
y
AM
P
e
a
k
H
o
u
r
PM
P
e
a
k
H
o
u
r
Us
e
D
e
s
c
r
i
b
e
d
Un
i
t
s
Da
i
l
y
AM
P
e
a
k
H
o
u
r
PM
P
e
a
k
H
o
u
r
33
%
t
o
/
f
r
o
m
B
y
p
a
s
s
Us
e
D
e
s
c
r
i
b
e
d
Un
i
t
s
Da
i
l
y
AM
P
e
a
k
H
o
u
r
33
%
t
o
/
f
r
o
m
U
S
9
3
67
%
t
o
/
f
r
o
m
B
y
p
a
s
s
50
%
t
o
/
f
r
o
m
U
S
9
3
50
%
t
o
/
f
r
o
m
B
y
p
a
s
s
67
%
t
o
/
f
r
o
m
U
S
9
3
TA
B
L
E
3
En
t
e
r
E
x
i
t
T
o
t
a
l
E
n
t
e
r
E
x
i
t
T
o
t
a
l
E
n
t
e
r
E
x
i
t
T
o
t
a
l
Si
n
g
l
e
F
a
m
i
l
y
R
e
s
i
d
e
n
t
i
a
l
,
#
2
1
0
22
5
1
0
7
7
1
0
7
7
2
1
5
3
4
3
1
3
0
1
7
3
1
4
5
8
5
2
3
0
Ap
a
r
t
m
e
n
t
,
#
2
2
0
34
2
1
1
3
7
1
1
3
7
2
2
7
4
5
5
1
3
4
1
8
8
1
4
0
8
9
2
2
9
To
w
n
h
o
u
s
e
/
C
o
n
d
o
,
#
2
3
0
16
3
4
7
4
4
7
4
9
4
7
1
4
5
8
7
2
5
4
3
1
8
5
73
0
2
6
8
7
2
6
8
7
5
3
7
5
1
1
1
3
2
2
4
3
3
3
3
9
2
0
5
5
4
3
Ye
a
r
2
0
2
6
I
m
p
a
c
t
s
(
5
0
%
B
u
i
l
t
-
o
u
t
)
De
v
e
l
o
p
m
e
n
t
E
n
t
r
y
/
E
x
i
t
P
o
i
n
t
%
E
n
t
e
r
E
x
i
t
T
o
t
a
l
E
n
t
e
r
E
x
i
t
T
o
t
a
l
E
n
t
e
r
E
x
i
t
T
o
t
a
l
to
/
f
r
o
m
R
E
S
E
R
V
E
&
S
T
I
L
L
W
A
T
E
R
15
%
2
0
2
2
0
2
4
0
3
8
2
4
3
2
2
5
1
5
4
1
to
/
f
r
o
m
3
M
I
L
E
D
R
&
S
T
I
L
L
W
A
T
E
R
10
%
1
3
4
1
3
4
2
6
9
6
1
6
2
2
1
7
1
0
2
7
to
/
f
r
o
m
4
M
I
L
E
D
R
&
B
Y
P
A
S
S
50
%
6
7
2
6
7
2
1
3
4
4
2
8
8
0
1
0
8
8
5
5
1
1
3
6
to
/
f
r
o
m
4
M
I
L
E
D
R
&
U
S
9
3
*
25
%
3
3
6
3
3
6
6
7
2
1
4
4
0
5
4
4
2
2
6
6
8
Ye
a
r
2
0
3
1
I
m
p
a
c
t
s
(
1
0
0
%
B
u
i
l
t
-
o
u
t
)
De
v
e
l
o
p
m
e
n
t
E
n
t
r
y
/
E
x
i
t
P
o
i
n
t
%
E
n
t
e
r
E
x
i
t
T
o
t
a
l
E
n
t
e
r
E
x
i
t
T
o
t
a
l
E
n
t
e
r
E
x
i
t
T
o
t
a
l
to
/
f
r
o
m
R
E
S
E
R
V
E
&
S
T
I
L
L
W
A
T
E
R
15
%
4
0
3
4
0
3
8
0
6
1
7
4
8
6
5
5
1
3
1
8
2
to
/
f
r
o
m
3
M
I
L
E
D
R
&
S
T
I
L
L
W
A
T
E
R
10
%
2
6
9
2
6
9
5
3
7
1
1
3
2
4
3
3
4
2
0
5
4
to
/
f
r
o
m
4
M
I
L
E
D
R
&
B
Y
P
A
S
S
50
%
1
3
4
4
1
3
4
4
2
6
8
7
5
6
1
6
1
2
1
7
1
6
9
1
0
2
2
7
2
to
/
f
r
o
m
4
M
I
L
E
D
R
&
U
S
9
3
*
25
%
6
7
2
6
7
2
1
3
4
4
2
8
8
0
1
0
8
8
5
5
1
1
3
6
*
N
o
t
e
:
T
h
i
s
i
s
t
h
e
t
r
a
f
f
i
c
t
h
a
t
w
i
l
l
i
m
p
a
c
t
t
h
e
t
w
o
i
n
t
e
r
s
e
c
t
i
o
n
s
o
n
t
h
e
s
o
u
t
h
s
i
d
e
o
f
B
l
o
o
m
s
t
o
n
e
.
Da
i
l
y
AM
P
e
a
k
H
o
u
r
PM
P
e
a
k
H
o
u
r
*
N
o
t
e
:
T
h
i
s
i
s
t
h
e
t
r
a
f
f
i
c
t
h
a
t
w
i
l
l
i
m
p
a
c
t
t
h
e
t
w
o
i
n
t
e
r
s
e
c
t
i
o
n
s
o
n
t
h
e
s
o
u
t
h
s
i
d
e
o
f
B
l
o
o
m
s
t
o
n
e
.
St
i
l
l
w
a
t
e
r
C
r
o
s
s
i
n
g
P
U
D
&
F
a
r
m
s
t
e
a
d
P
U
D
T
r
i
p
G
e
n
e
r
a
t
i
o
n
Da
i
l
y
AM
P
e
a
k
H
o
u
r
PM
P
e
a
k
H
o
u
r
Us
e
D
e
s
c
r
i
b
e
d
Un
i
t
s
Da
i
l
y
AM
P
e
a
k
H
o
u
r
PM
P
e
a
k
H
o
u
r
TA
B
L
E
4
Tr
e
e
l
i
n
e
C
e
n
t
e
r
D
e
v
e
l
o
p
m
e
n
t
En
t
e
r
E
x
i
t
T
o
t
a
l
E
n
t
e
r
E
x
i
t
T
o
t
a
l
E
n
t
e
r
E
x
i
t
T
o
t
a
l
Mo
t
e
l
,
u
s
e
#
3
2
0
70
1
9
7
1
9
7
3
9
4
1
1
2
0
3
2
1
8
1
5
3
3
Fa
s
t
F
o
o
d
D
r
i
v
e
t
h
r
u
,
u
s
e
#
9
3
4
32
3
1
2
3
1
2
6
2
5
2
2
2
0
4
2
1
6
1
4
3
0
Co
f
f
e
e
S
h
o
p
D
r
i
v
e
t
h
r
u
,
u
s
e
#
9
3
7
1.
5
6
1
4
6
1
4
1
2
2
9
8
5
8
2
1
6
7
3
2
3
2
6
5
Qu
i
c
k
L
u
b
e
,
#
9
4
1
3
6
0
6
0
1
2
0
9
7
1
6
8
6
1
4
Au
t
o
C
a
r
W
a
s
h
,
#
9
4
8
0.
6
4
4
8
Re
t
a
i
l
S
t
r
i
p
M
a
l
l
,
#
8
1
4
10
2
2
2
2
2
2
4
4
3
3
3
3
6
6
8
2
8
2
2
5
0
14
0
5
1
4
0
5
2
8
1
0
1
6
0
1
6
4
3
2
4
1
0
6
9
4
2
0
0
Sn
o
w
l
i
n
e
A
c
e
r
a
g
e
D
e
v
e
l
o
p
m
e
n
t
Ap
a
r
t
m
e
n
t
,
u
s
e
#
2
2
0
12
8
4
2
6
4
2
6
8
5
1
2
0
5
0
7
0
5
2
3
3
8
6
Bl
o
o
m
s
t
o
n
e
D
e
v
e
l
o
p
m
e
n
t
20
2
6
t
r
a
f
f
i
c
t
o
/
f
r
o
m
R
e
s
e
r
v
e
(
3
5
%
o
f
t
o
t
a
l
)
43
2
4
3
2
8
6
5
1
9
5
1
7
0
5
4
3
3
8
8
20
3
1
t
r
a
f
f
i
c
t
o
/
f
r
o
m
R
e
s
e
r
v
e
(
3
5
%
o
f
t
o
t
a
l
)
75
4
7
5
4
1
5
0
8
3
2
9
0
1
2
2
9
5
5
8
1
5
3
20
2
6
T
o
t
a
l
U
s
e
o
n
T
r
e
e
l
i
n
e
n
e
a
r
R
e
s
e
r
v
e
22
6
3
2
2
6
3
4
5
2
7
1
9
9
2
6
5
4
6
5
2
1
2
1
6
0
3
7
4
20
3
1
T
o
t
a
l
U
s
e
o
n
T
r
e
e
l
i
n
e
n
e
a
r
R
e
s
e
r
v
e
25
8
5
2
5
8
5
5
1
6
9
2
1
2
3
0
4
5
1
7
2
5
3
1
8
5
4
3
9
20
2
6
T
r
i
p
D
i
s
t
r
i
b
u
t
i
o
n
%
E
n
t
e
r
E
x
i
t
T
o
t
a
l
E
n
t
e
r
E
x
i
t
T
o
t
a
l
E
n
t
e
r
E
x
i
t
T
o
t
a
l
to
/
f
r
o
m
B
Y
P
A
S
S
(
N
W
)
50
%
1
1
3
1
1
1
3
1
2
2
6
3
1
0
0
1
3
2
2
3
2
1
0
6
8
0
1
8
7
to
/
f
r
o
m
U
S
9
3
(
S
E
)
50
%
1
1
3
1
1
1
3
1
2
2
6
3
1
0
0
1
3
2
2
3
2
1
0
6
8
0
1
8
7
20
3
1
T
r
i
p
D
i
s
t
r
i
b
u
t
i
o
n
%
E
n
t
e
r
E
x
i
t
T
o
t
a
l
E
n
t
e
r
E
x
i
t
T
o
t
a
l
E
n
t
e
r
E
x
i
t
T
o
t
a
l
to
/
f
r
o
m
B
Y
P
A
S
S
(
N
W
)
50
%
1
2
9
2
1
2
9
2
2
5
8
5
1
0
6
1
5
2
2
5
8
1
2
7
9
3
2
1
9
to
/
f
r
o
m
U
S
9
3
(
S
E
)
50
%
1
2
9
2
1
2
9
2
2
5
8
5
1
0
6
1
5
2
2
5
8
1
2
7
9
3
2
1
9
Da
i
l
y
AM
P
e
a
k
H
o
u
r
PM
P
e
a
k
H
o
u
r
Da
i
l
y
AM
P
e
a
k
H
o
u
r
PM
P
e
a
k
H
o
u
r
Sn
o
w
l
i
n
e
A
c
r
e
a
g
e
P
U
D
&
T
r
e
e
l
i
n
e
C
e
n
t
e
r
P
U
D
T
r
a
f
f
i
c
G
e
n
e
r
a
t
i
o
n
a
t
F
u
l
l
B
u
i
l
d
o
u
t
Un
i
t
s
Da
i
l
y
AM
P
e
a
k
H
o
u
r
PM
P
e
a
k
H
o
u
r
TA
B
L
E
5
In
t
e
r
s
e
c
t
i
o
n
L
e
f
t
T
u
r
n
1
6
v
p
h
4
6
v
p
h
2
7
v
p
h
8
2
v
p
h
T
h
r
o
u
g
h
3
3
7
v
p
h
3
3
7
v
p
h
4
8
3
v
p
h
4
8
3
v
p
h
T
h
r
o
u
g
h
3
3
3
v
p
h
3
3
3
v
p
h
4
8
5
v
p
h
4
8
5
v
p
h
R
i
g
h
t
T
u
r
n
8
v
p
h
2
3
v
p
h
1
4
v
p
h
4
0
v
p
h
L
e
f
t
T
u
r
n
2
1
v
p
h
1
4
v
p
h
3
8
v
p
h
2
5
v
p
h
R
i
g
h
t
T
u
r
n
4
4
v
p
h
2
8
v
p
h
7
8
v
p
h
5
0
v
p
h
L
e
f
t
T
u
r
n
4
v
p
h
1
0
v
p
h
6
v
p
h
1
8
v
p
h
T
h
r
o
u
g
h
3
3
7
v
p
h
3
3
7
v
p
h
4
8
3
v
p
h
4
8
3
v
p
h
T
h
r
o
u
g
h
3
3
3
v
p
h
3
3
3
v
p
h
4
8
5
v
p
h
4
8
5
v
p
h
R
i
g
h
t
T
u
r
n
7
v
p
h
2
0
v
p
h
1
2
v
p
h
3
6
v
p
h
L
e
f
t
T
u
r
n
1
9
v
p
h
1
3
v
p
h
3
4
v
p
h
2
2
v
p
h
R
i
g
h
t
T
u
r
n
1
0
v
p
h
6
v
p
h
1
7
v
p
h
1
1
v
p
h
T
h
r
o
u
g
h
5
9
2
v
p
h
5
9
2
v
p
h
6
4
2
v
p
h
6
4
2
v
p
h
R
i
g
h
t
T
u
r
n
1
0
0
v
p
h
1
0
6
v
p
h
1
0
6
v
p
h
1
2
7
v
p
h
L
e
f
t
T
u
r
n
1
0
0
v
p
h
1
0
6
v
p
h
1
0
6
v
p
h
1
2
7
v
p
h
T
h
r
o
u
g
h
6
1
8
v
p
h
6
1
8
v
p
h
6
7
0
v
p
h
6
7
0
v
p
h
L
e
f
t
T
u
r
n
1
3
2
v
p
h
8
0
v
p
h
1
5
2
v
p
h
9
3
v
p
h
R
i
g
h
t
T
u
r
n
1
3
2
v
p
h
8
0
v
p
h
1
5
2
v
p
h
9
3
v
p
h
20
2
6
20
3
1
Ol
d
R
e
s
e
r
v
e
&
T
r
e
e
l
i
n
e
R
o
a
d
Ea
s
t
b
o
u
n
d
We
s
t
b
o
u
n
d
No
r
t
h
b
o
u
n
d
PM
P
e
a
k
H
r
PM
P
e
a
k
H
r
We
s
t
b
o
u
n
d
So
u
t
h
b
o
u
n
d
Tr
e
e
l
i
n
e
R
o
a
d
&
4
M
i
l
e
D
r
i
v
e
Fo
x
g
o
v
e
D
r
i
v
e
&
4
M
i
l
e
D
r
i
v
e
Ea
s
t
b
o
u
n
d
We
s
t
b
o
u
n
d
So
u
t
h
b
o
u
n
d
AM
P
e
a
k
H
r
AM
P
e
a
k
H
r
Mo
v
e
m
e
n
t
Ea
s
t
b
o
u
n
d
TABLE 6
LOS LOS
Eastbound Left Turn A 8.0 sec 0.04 veh A 8.1 sec 0.12 veh
Left Turn C 16.7 sec 0.20 veh C 18.1 sec 0.15 veh
Right Turn B 10.7 sec 0.21 veh B 10.6 sec 0.13 veh
Combined B 12.6 sec B 13.1 sec
Eastbound Left Turn A 7.9 sec 0.01 veh A 8.0 sec 0.02 veh
Left Turn C 16.0 sec 0.17 veh C 16.2 sec 0.12 veh
Right Turn B 10.4 sec 0.04 veh B 10.4 sec 0.03 veh
Combined B 14.1 sec B 14.1 sec
Westbound Left Turn A 9.4 sec 0.37 veh A 9.5 sec 0.39 veh
Left Turn F 72.4 sec 4.93 veh E 44.5 sec 2.26 veh
Right Turn B 11.3 sec 0.69 veh B 10.8 sec 0.39 veh
Combined E 41.9 sec D 27.7 sec
LOS LOS
Eastbound Left Turn A 8.4 sec 0.08 veh A 8.7 sec 0.25 veh
Left Turn D 28.5 sec 0.72 veh D 34.2 sec 0.59 veh
Right Turn B 12.8 sec 0.50 veh B 12.5 sec 0.31 veh
Combined C 17.9 sec C 19.7 sec
Eastbound Left Turn A 8.4 sec 0.02 veh A 8.5 sec 0.05 veh
Left Turn D 25.4 sec 0.57 veh D 25.7 sec 0.37 veh
Right Turn B 11.8 sec 0.10 veh B 11.9 sec 0.06 veh
Combined C 20.9 sec C 21.1 sec
Westbound Left Turn A 9.7 sec 0.41 veh A 10.0 sec 0.52 veh
Left Turn F 139.1 sec 7.74 veh F 77.6 sec 3.88 veh
Right Turn B 11.9 sec 0.86 veh B 11.3 sec 0.48 veh
Combined F 75.5 sec E 44.4 sec
Treeline Road & 4
Mile Drive
Foxgove Drive & 4
Mile Drive
Old Reserve &
Treeline Road
Southbound
Southbound
Northbound
AM Peak Hr PM Peak Hr
Cntrl Delay 95% Que Len Cntrl Delay 95% Que Len
10 Year Horizon - 2031
Old Reserve &
Treeline Road
Intersection Movement
Northbound
Treeline Road & 4
Mile Drive
Foxgove Drive & 4
Mile Drive
Southbound
PM Peak Hr
Cntrl Delay 95% Que Len Cntrl Delay 95% Que Len
Intersection Movement AM Peak Hr
5 Year Horizon - 2026
Southbound
Traffic Study
General Siteplan
T1T
RO
B
E
R
T
SM
I
T
H
No
.
1
2
5
9
2
P
E
NOM
*
*ANA AL
E
N
GINEER
PR O F ESSIONNSE
D
LICE
Pla
n
S
h
e
e
t
N
u
m
b
e
r
:
RE
V
I
S
I
O
N
S
:
DR
A
W
N
B
Y
:
R
S
m
i
t
h
CH
E
C
K
E
D
B
Y
:
R
S
m
i
t
h
13
8
E
.
C
e
n
t
e
r
S
t
.
,
S
t
e
A
Ka
l
i
s
p
e
l
l
,
M
T
5
9
9
0
1
Ph
o
n
e
4
0
6
.
7
5
5
.
7
8
8
8
A2
Z
-
E
n
g
i
n
e
e
r
i
n
g
.
c
o
m
B
LLAC
!GIDUOY
EROF
E
Cal
l
8
1
1
BLLAC
!GID
U
O
Y
EROFE
Bloomstone Development Phase 3 Construction Plans
City of Kalispell, Montana
Re
v
i
s
i
o
n
#
1
:
0
5
-
1
1
-
2
0
2
1
D t F 002
s
l
a
u
q
E
hcnIenOelacS
g
n
i
w
ar N
S
E W
Scale: 1" = 200 ft
0100 200 300
4 Mile Dr
US
9
3
B
y
p
a
s
s
Treeline Rd
Bluebell Dr
Foxglove Dr
Fo
x
g
l
o
v
e
D
r
Tr
e
e
l
i
n
e
R
d
Tr
e
e
l
i
n
e
R
d
B
l
u
e
b
e
l
l
D
r
Ph
a
s
e
5
7.
0
8
A
c
Ph
a
s
e
4
9.
7
4
A
c
Ph
a
s
e
6
6.
6
8
A
c
Ph
a
s
e
3
10
.
2
3
A
c
D t F
200
s
l
a
u
q
E
hcnIenOelacS
g
n
i
w
ar N
E W
S
Bloomstone Development
Preliminary Plat
Dimensional Layout
Kalispell, Montana
1 o
f
2
Fo
x
g
l
o
v
e
D
r
i
v
e
Tr
e
e
l
i
n
e
R
o
a
d
Bluebell Road
Foxglove Drive
B
l
u
e
b
e
l
l
R
o
a
d
Tree
l
i
n
e
R
o
a
d
Fo
x
g
l
o
v
e
D
r
i
v
e
Sc
a
l
e
:
1
i
n
c
h
=
1
0
0
f
e
e
t
20
0
3
0
0
4
0
0
0
15
0
40
1
0
0
SW
C
o
r
n
e
r
o
f
S
e
c
36
,
T
2
9
N
,
R
2
2
W
US
H
i
g
h
w
a
y
9
3
B
y
p
a
s
s
U
S
H
i
g
h
w
a
y
9
3
B
y
p
a
s
s
O
n
-
r
a
m
p
4 Mile Drive4 Mile Drive
Tr
e
e
l
i
n
e
R
o
a
d
100 ft
65
f
t
Lot #55 0.15 ac
18
9
f
t
Lo
t
#
1
0
6
1.
9
5
a
c
18
8
f
t
456 ft
444.5 ft
25
0
.
5
f
t
25
0
f
t
429 ft
18
3
f
t
18
2
f
t
418 ft
Lo
t
#
1
0
7
2.
5
1
a
c
Lo
t
#
1
0
8
1.
7
7
a
c
22
0
f
t
269 ft
2
2
8
f
t
22
1
f
t
Lo
t
#
1
1
0
1.
8
6
a
c
Lo
t
#
1
0
5
2.
3
8
a
c
Lo
t
#
1
0
4
2.
3
9
a
c
Lo
t
#
1
0
3
2.
4
1
a
c
Lo
t
#
1
0
2
2.
5
6
a
c
50
4
f
t
50
7
f
t
50
8
f
t
51
5
f
t
52
0
f
t
216 ft 205 ft205 ft205 ft
PA
R
K
W
A
L
K
I
N
G
T
R
A
I
L
60 ft
60 ft
60 ft
60 ft
60
f
t
60
f
t
60 ft
Ex
t
e
r
i
o
r
B
o
u
n
d
a
r
y
K
e
y
e
d
N
o
t
e
s
:
.
A.
1
1
6
8
.
6
9
f
t
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
S
o
u
t
h
8
9
°
4
4
'
4
3
"
E
a
s
t
B.
6
2
.
3
4
f
t
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
N
o
r
t
h
0
0
°
3
7
'
3
6
"
E
a
s
t
C.
P
a
r
c
e
l
p
o
i
n
t
o
f
b
e
g
i
n
n
i
n
g
D.
6
3
4
.
7
1
f
t
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
S
o
u
t
h
8
9
°
4
4
'
0
7
"
E
a
s
t
E.
C
u
r
v
e
#
1
.
.
.
.
R
=
8
,
2
6
4
.
4
4
f
t
,
L
=
2
9
2
.
6
2
f
t
,
D
=
0
2
°
0
2
'
3
8
"
F.
C
u
r
v
e
#
2
.
.
.
.
R
=
8
,
2
6
4
.
4
4
f
t
,
L
=
5
0
6
.
5
6
f
t
,
D
=
0
3
°
3
1
'
5
6
"
G.
1
6
.
3
3
f
t
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
N
o
r
t
h
8
8
°
4
6
'
0
0
"
E
a
s
t
H.
1
,
4
1
6
.
7
8
f
t
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
N
o
r
t
h
0
0
°
0
4
'
0
5
"
W
e
s
t
I.
1
3
0
.
0
0
f
t
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
S
o
u
t
h
8
9
°
5
5
'
5
5
"
W
e
s
t
J.
6
0
.
2
1
f
t
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
S
o
u
t
h
8
5
°
1
0
'
0
6
"
W
e
s
t
K.
2
4
0
.
0
0
f
t
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
S
o
u
t
h
8
9
°
5
5
'
5
5
"
W
e
s
t
L.
5
9
.
3
2
f
t
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
N
o
r
t
h
0
0
°
0
4
'
0
5
"
W
e
s
t
M.
C
u
r
v
e
#
3
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
R
=
8
3
5
f
t
,
L
=
5
4
5
.
8
4
f
t
,
D
=
5
2
°
3
2
'
4
4
"
N.
1
4
3
.
2
7
f
t
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
N
o
r
t
h
0
0
°
0
0
'
0
0
"
W
e
s
t
O.
1
0
5
.
0
0
f
t
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
S
o
u
t
h
0
0
°
0
0
'
0
0
"
E
a
s
t
P.
3
9
.
5
3
f
t
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
N
o
r
t
h
0
0
°
0
0
'
0
0
"
W
e
s
t
Q.
C
u
r
v
e
#
4
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
R
=
2
2
0
f
t
,
L
=
5
.
2
1
f
t
,
D
=
0
1
°
2
1
'
2
2
"
R.
2
0
4
.
2
2
f
t
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
S
o
u
t
h
0
0
°
0
0
'
0
0
"
W
e
s
t
S.
5
1
6
.
1
5
f
t
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
S
o
u
t
h
9
0
°
0
0
'
0
0
"
W
e
s
t
T.
8
1
2
.
3
1
f
t
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
S
o
u
t
h
0
3
°
3
5
'
4
0
"
E
a
s
t
U.
5
2
4
.
1
6
f
t
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
S
o
u
t
h
1
5
°
1
3
'
1
6
"
E
a
s
t
Li
n
e
t
y
p
e
L
e
g
e
n
d
:
.
Ph
a
s
e
B
o
u
n
d
a
r
y
Lo
t
B
o
u
n
d
a
r
y
Ga
s
&
D
r
y
U
t
i
l
i
t
y
E
a
s
e
m
e
n
t
Ph
a
s
i
n
g
a
n
d
L
o
t
N
o
t
e
s
:
.
Ph
a
s
e
3
-
1
0
.
2
3
a
c
r
e
s
w
i
t
h
1
.
0
9
a
c
r
e
s
p
a
r
k
l
a
n
d
L
o
t
s
5
5
-
1
0
1
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
4
7
S
i
n
g
l
e
F
a
m
i
l
y
R
e
s
i
d
e
n
t
i
a
l
L
o
t
s
Ph
a
s
e
4
-
9
.
7
4
a
c
r
e
s
L
o
t
s
1
0
2
-
1
0
5
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
1
0
4
T
o
t
a
l
M
u
l
t
i
f
a
m
i
l
y
U
n
i
t
s
Ph
a
s
e
5
-
7
.
0
8
a
c
r
e
s
L
o
t
1
0
6
-
1
0
8
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
8
8
T
o
t
a
l
M
u
l
t
i
f
a
m
i
l
y
U
n
i
t
s
Ph
a
s
e
6
-
6
.
6
8
a
c
r
e
s
L
o
t
1
0
9
-
1
1
1
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
1
2
6
T
o
t
a
l
M
u
l
t
i
f
a
m
i
l
y
U
n
i
t
s
FE
M
A
1
%
F
l
o
o
d
p
l
a
i
n
N
o
t
e
s
:
.
Th
e
p
r
e
l
i
m
i
n
a
r
y
p
l
a
t
a
r
e
a
c
o
n
t
a
i
n
s
n
o
m
a
p
p
e
d
1
%
c
h
a
n
c
e
fl
o
o
d
w
a
y
o
r
f
l
o
o
d
p
l
a
i
n
s
p
e
r
F
E
M
A
F
I
R
M
3
0
0
2
9
C
1
8
0
5
J
p
a
n
e
l
ef
f
e
c
t
i
v
e
N
o
v
e
m
b
e
r
0
4
,
2
0
1
5
.
Su
r
f
a
c
e
W
a
t
e
r
s
N
o
t
e
s
:
.
Th
e
p
r
e
l
i
m
i
n
a
r
y
p
l
a
t
a
r
e
a
c
o
n
t
a
i
n
s
n
o
r
i
v
e
r
s
,
s
t
r
e
a
m
s
,
s
p
r
i
n
g
s
,
po
n
d
s
,
w
e
t
l
a
n
d
s
o
r
l
a
k
e
s
.
Ce
r
t
i
f
i
c
a
t
e
o
f
E
x
c
l
u
s
i
o
n
f
r
o
m
M
o
n
t
a
n
a
De
p
a
r
t
m
e
n
t
o
f
E
n
v
i
r
o
n
m
e
n
t
a
l
Q
u
a
l
i
t
y
R
e
v
i
e
w
BL
O
O
M
S
T
O
N
E
S
U
B
D
I
V
I
S
I
O
N
,
P
H
A
S
E
S
3
-
6
,
a
r
e
w
i
t
h
i
n
t
h
e
Ci
t
y
o
f
K
a
l
i
s
p
e
l
l
,
M
o
n
t
a
n
a
,
a
f
i
r
s
t
-
c
l
a
s
s
m
u
n
i
c
i
p
a
l
i
t
y
,
a
n
d
w
i
t
h
i
n
th
e
p
l
a
n
n
i
n
g
a
r
e
a
o
f
t
h
e
K
a
l
i
s
p
e
l
l
g
r
o
w
t
h
p
o
l
i
c
y
w
h
i
c
h
w
a
s
ad
o
p
t
e
d
p
u
r
s
u
a
n
t
t
o
M
C
A
7
6
-
1
-
6
0
1
e
t
s
e
q
.
,
a
n
d
c
a
n
b
e
pr
o
v
i
d
e
d
w
i
t
h
a
d
e
q
u
a
t
e
s
t
o
r
m
w
a
t
e
r
d
r
a
i
n
a
g
e
a
n
d
a
d
e
q
u
a
t
e
mu
n
i
c
i
p
a
l
f
a
c
i
l
i
t
i
e
s
.
T
h
e
r
e
f
o
r
e
,
u
n
d
e
r
t
h
e
p
r
o
v
i
s
i
o
n
s
o
f
M
C
A
76
-
4
-
1
2
5
(
2
)
(
d
)
,
t
h
i
s
s
u
b
d
i
v
i
s
i
o
n
i
s
e
x
c
l
u
d
e
d
f
r
o
m
t
h
e
re
q
u
i
r
e
m
e
n
t
f
o
r
M
o
n
t
a
n
a
D
e
p
a
r
t
m
e
n
t
o
f
E
n
v
i
r
o
n
m
e
n
t
a
l
Q
u
a
l
i
t
y
re
v
i
e
w
.
B
A
DEF
G
H
J
M O
S
P
C
T
U
22
0
f
t
25
7
f
t
2
6
5
f
t
398 ft
338 ft
Lo
t
#
1
0
9
2.
0
6
a
c
Lo
t
#
1
1
1
1.
7
9
a
c
216 ft 205 ft205 ft 205 ft
Re
m
a
i
n
d
e
r
19
.
2
2
A
c
Ow
n
e
r
:
K
a
l
i
s
p
e
l
l
N
a
t
i
o
n
a
l
I
n
v
e
s
t
m
e
n
t
C
o
m
p
a
n
y
L
L
C
Lo
c
a
t
e
d
i
n
S
W
Q
u
a
r
t
e
r
o
f
S
e
c
t
i
o
n
3
6
,
T
o
w
n
s
h
i
p
2
9
N
o
r
t
h
,
R
a
n
g
e
2
2
W
e
s
t
,
P
.
M
.
,
M
.
,
,
F
l
a
t
h
e
a
d
C
o
u
n
t
y
,
M
o
n
t
a
n
a
Bl
o
o
m
s
t
o
n
e
P
h
a
s
e
s
3
,
4
,
5
,
&
6
P
r
e
l
i
m
i
n
a
r
y
P
l
a
t
So
u
t
h
Q
u
a
r
t
e
r
C
o
r
n
e
r
o
f
Se
c
t
i
o
n
3
6
,
T
2
9
N
,
R
2
2
W
T
RO
B
E
R
T
SM
I
T
H
No
.
1
2
5
9
2
P
E
NO
M
*
*ANA AL
E
N
G
INEER
P R O F E SSION
NS
E
D
LICE
Pl
a
n
S
h
e
e
t
N
u
m
b
e
r
:
RE
V
I
S
I
O
N
S
:
DR
A
W
N
B
Y
:
R
S
m
i
t
h
CH
E
C
K
E
D
B
Y
:
R
S
m
i
t
h
13
8
E
.
C
e
n
t
e
r
S
t
.
,
S
t
e
A
Ka
l
i
s
p
e
l
l
,
M
T
5
9
9
0
1
Ph
o
n
e
4
0
6
.
7
5
5
.
7
8
8
8
A2
Z
-
E
n
g
i
n
e
e
r
i
n
g
.
c
o
m
B
LLAC
!GIDUOY
ERO
F
E
Call
8
1
1
BLLAC
!GID
U
O
Y
EROFE
65
f
t
100 ft
60
f
t
Lot #56
0.14 ac
60
f
t
100 ft
100 ft
60
f
t
Lot #57
0.14 ac
60
f
t
100 ft
60
f
t
Lot #58
0.14 ac
60
f
t
100 ft
60
f
t
Lot #59
0.14 ac
60
f
t
100 ft
60
f
t
Lot #60
0.14 ac
60
f
t
100 ft
60
f
t
Lot #61
0.14 ac
60
f
t
100 ft
60
f
t
Lot #62
0.14 ac
60
f
t
100 ft
60
f
t
Lot #63
0.14 ac
60
f
t
100 ft
60
f
t
Lot #64
0.14 ac
60
f
t
100 ft
60
f
t
Lot #65
0.14 ac
60
f
t
100 ft
60
f
t
Lot #66
0.14 ac 60
f
t
100 ft
60
f
t
Lot #67
0.14 ac
60
f
t
100 ft
60
f
t
Lot #68
0.14 ac
60
f
t
100 ft
60
f
t
Lot #69
0.14 ac
60
f
t
100 ft
60
f
t
Lot #70
0.14 ac
60
f
t
100 ft
60
f
t
Lot #71
0.14 ac
60
f
t
100 ft
60
f
t
Lot #72
0.14 ac
60
f
t
100 ft
60
f
t
Lot #73
0.14 ac
60
f
t
100 ft
60
f
t
Lot #74
0.14 ac
60
f
t
100 ft
60
f
t
Lot #75
0.14 ac
60
f
t
100 ft
10
4
.
3
f
t
Lot #76
0.24 ac
10
1
.
5
f
t
40
f
t
40
f
t
100 ft
60
f
t
Lot #92
0.14 ac
60
f
t
100 ft
60
f
t
Lot #93
0.14 ac
60
f
t
100 ft
60
f
t
Lot #94
0.14 ac
60
f
t
100 ft
60
f
t
Lot #95
0.14 ac
60
f
t
100 ft
70
f
t
0.16 ac
70
f
t
100 ft
60
f
t
Lot #91
0.14 ac
60
f
t
100 ft
60
f
t
Lot #90
0.14 ac
60
f
t
100 ft
60
f
t
Lot #89
0.14 ac
60
f
t
100 ft
70
f
t
Lot #88
0.16 ac
70
f
t
100 ft
70
f
t 0.16 ac
70
f
t
100 ft
Lot #87
100 ft
60
f
t
Lot #86
0.14 ac
60
f
t
60 ft
60 ft
10
0
f
t
10
0
f
t
Lo
t
#
9
7
0.
1
4
a
c
60 ft
Fo
x
g
l
o
v
e
D
r
i
v
e
100 ft
60
f
t
Lot #85
0.14 ac
60
f
t
100 ft
60
f
t
Lot #84
0.14 ac
60
f
t
100 ft
60
f
t
Lot #83
0.14 ac
60
f
t
100 ft
60
f
t
Lot #82
0.14 ac
60
f
t
100 ft
60
f
t
Lot #81
0.14 ac
60
f
t
100 ft
60
f
t
Lot #80
0.14 ac
60
f
t
100 ft
60
f
t
Lot #79
0.14 ac
60
f
t
100 ft
85
.
7
f
t
Lot #78
0.20 ac
85
f
t
I K
L
N
R
Q
60 ft
60 ft
10
0
f
t
Lo
t
#
9
8
0.
1
4
a
c
60 ft
60 ft
10
0
f
t
Lo
t
#
9
9
0.
1
4
a
c
60 ft
60 ft
10
0
f
t
0.
1
4
a
c
60 ft
60 ft
10
0
f
t
10
0
f
t
Lo
t
#
1
0
1
0.
1
4
a
c
60 ft
60 ft
10
0
f
t
Lo
t
#
1
0
0
0.
1
4
a
c
Waterleaf Lane
Lot #77
Lo
t
#
9
6
Te
m
p
o
r
a
r
y
5
0
-
f
t
di
a
m
e
t
e
r
a
l
l
w
e
a
t
h
e
r
su
r
f
a
c
e
c
u
l
-
d
e
-
s
a
c
w
i
t
h
i
n
68
-
f
t
r
a
d
i
u
s
e
a
s
e
m
e
n
t
30
-
f
t
u
t
i
l
i
t
y
e
a
s
e
m
e
n
t
October 24, 2024
Cedar & Sage Homes
PO Box 2655
Eagle, ID, 83616
Subject: Geotechnical Investigation
Bloomstone Apartments
Kalispell, Montana
Job No. 24-419
Dear Mr. Wess Maki,
At your request, Slopeside Engineering, LLC (Slopeside) has conducted a Geotechnical
Investigation for the Bloomstone Apartment project, in Kalispell, Montana. The Vicinity Map,
Figure 1, shows the general location of the site. The investigation was conducted to evaluate
subsurface materials, observe conditions at the site, and develop recommendations for site
preparation, earthwork, foundations, asphaltic concrete (AC) pavement sections, and utility trench
construction. The investigation included a review of existing subsurface information for the site
vicinity, subsurface explorations, field observations, and engineering analyses. This report describes
the work accomplished and provides our conclusions and recommendations for use in the design and
construction of the proposed project. Slopeside has strived to perform the investigation and develop
recommendations in a manner consistent with the degree of care that is presently standard to the
geotechnical engineering profession.
PROJECT DESCRIPTION
The project site is located at the northeast corner of the US Hwy 93 Alternative Route and
Four Mile Drive intersection, on the northwest side of Kalispell. The planned development will
consist of approximately six apartment buildings, a community center area, underground utilities,
and AC paved access roads and parking. The general layout of the planned development is shown
on the Site Plan, Figure 2. General earthwork cuts and fills up to about 5 ft are planned in the
(QJLQHHULQJ(QJLQHHULQJ6ORSHVLGH6ORSHVLGH
slopesideeng@gmail.com 406-270-3480 PO Box 7460
Kalispell, MT, 59904
Bloomstone Apartments - Kalispell, Montana Slopeside Engineering, LLC
vicinity of the site improvements. Utilities will generally be buried 6 to 10 ft below the ground
surface. We understand the structures will consist of one- to three-story structures with concrete
slab-on-grade floors and no basements or crawl spaces.
SITE DESCRIPTION
General
The project site is mostly cleared and stripped of organics,with the exception of a small
portion on the north side of the site. The site gradually slopes upwards to the south. The unstripped
low lying area on the north end of the site appears to be the low point of the site. The site is
bordered by residential construction to the north, future residential development to the east, US Hwy
93 Alternative Route to the west, and Four Mile Drive to the south. The site is mostly undeveloped;
however, prior placement of fill appears to have occurred across most of the property. Seeps and
springs were not observed in the vicinity of the planned improvements at the time of the subsurface
investigation.
Topography
Site observations indicate that the site is relatively flat and generally slopes upward to the
south. Slopes range from being relatively flat to slopes as steep as 10H:1V. It appears that the
majority of the project area has been previously disturbed by prior fill operations. Signs of recent
and/or past slope instability were not observed within the planned development area.
Geology
The project site lies in the Rocky Mountain Trench bounded by the Salish Mountains to the
West and the Swan Range to the East. The trench was traversed by the Flathead Glacier and was
covered by substantial areas of glacial lakes during recession of the ice mass. The surficial geology
of the area consists of silts and clays deposited by glacial lakes and sands and gravels deposited
during more turbulent times. The soils are underlain by glacial till soils consisting of silty gravel
with large cobbles and boulders that were deposited during glaciation of the area.
Site Seismicity
The site lies within the Intermountain Seismic Belt and is mapped as a zone of potentially
significant seismic ground movement. Subsurface materials encountered during this limited
investigation indicate the site soils should be classified as Site Class D, in accordance with the
International Building Code (IBC 2021). Based on the relatively dense nature of the soils and high
fines content, we anticipate the risk of liquefaction or lateral spreading is low.
SUBSURFACE CONDITIONS
General
Subsurface materials and conditions at the site were investigated on August 6 and 7, 2024,
with 14 borings, designated B-1 through B-14. The borings were advanced to depths of 4.1 to 20.3
ft below the ground surface. The approximate locations of the subsurface explorations are shown
on the Site Plan, Figure 2. Logs of the borings are provided on Figures 1A through 14A.
Page 2
Bloomstone Apartments - Kalispell, Montana Slopeside Engineering, LLC
Soils
Near-surface soils generally consist of fill comprised of silty gravel soils. The fill is
underlain by silt with varying percentages of sand. The prominent strata are listed below and
described more thoroughly in the following paragraphs:
1. FILL
2. SILT
1. FILL: Fill was encountered at the ground surface in all borings advanced for this project. The
fill consists of silty gravel with scattered cobbles. The fill is typically grayish brown and moist.
Based on Standard Penetration Test (SPT) blow counts of 16 blows per ft to 50 blows for 3 inches,
the fill appears loose to very dense. The loose fill material was encountered in the upper 2.5 ft of
the borings at the south end of the project. The fill appeared to have been placed; however was not
compacted in this area. Scattered to abundant organics were also observed in the loose fill material,
specifically in the vicinity of Borings B-5 and B-6. Moisture contents of the fill material range from
10 to 23 percent of the soil’s dry weight. The fill across the site extends to depths of 2 to 12 ft below
the ground surface where silt soils were encountered. Boring B-9, and B-11 through B-14 were
terminated in the fill material at depths of 4.1 to 5.3 ft.
2. SILT. Silt was encountered beneath the fill at depths of 2.0 to 12 ft below the ground surface.
The silt is typically stiff to very stiff in the upper 5 to 10 ft, and tends to strength diminish with depth
as the moisture contents increase. The silt is dark brown to grayish brown and contains varying
percentages of fine grained sand. The silt is moist to wet, with moisture contents ranging from 15
to 33 percent of the soil’s dry weight. SPT blow counts of 4 to 46 blows per ft indicate the silt is
medium stiff to very stiff. Scattered organics were periodically observed in the upper 6 to 9 inches
of the silt layer and are likely at locations where thicker topsoil layers were present prior to site
stripping. Borings B-1 through B-5, B-7, and B-8 were all terminated in the silt layer at depths of
15.3 to 20.3 ft below the ground surface.
Boring B-6 encountered Glacial Till soils comprised of very dense silty gravel with scattered
cobbles and boulders at a depth of 13 ft below the ground surface. Boring B-6 was terminated in
the Glacial Till at a depth of 13.9 ft below the ground surface.
Groundwater
Groundwater was encountered in Borings B-1 through B-4, B-7 and B-8. The groundwater
levels at the time of drilling were not measured due to the time required for equilibration; however,
based on drilling observations, anticipated groundwater depths are greater than 8 ft below the ground
surface on the north end of the project site. Based on the soils encountered during this investigation,
site observations, and past experience on nearby properties, we anticipate groundwater levels will
respond to seasonal seepage due to rainfall or snowmelt that is likely to occur randomly above
measured water levels. Slopeside anticipates groundwater could approach levels less than 5 ft below
the ground surface during the seasonally wet times of the year. Numerous other factors may
contribute to groundwater fluctuations and occurrence of seepage; evaluation of these factors
Page 3
Bloomstone Apartments - Kalispell, Montana Slopeside Engineering, LLC
requires special study that is beyond the scope of this report.
ENGINEERING ANALYSIS
General
The available plans at the time of this investigation indicate the proposed development will
consist of approximately 7 structures, AC paved roadways, and underground utilities. Significant
cuts and fills will be necessary for site leveling and access road construction. We anticipate
maximum cuts and fills up to about 5 ft will be necessary for construction of the project. Typical
one- to three-story building construction with concrete slab on grade floors above surrounding
grades are anticipated.
Site Preparation
The soils encountered during the subsurface investigation consist primarily of silty gravel
and silt with sand. The near surface soils contain scattered cobbles within the fill area. Due to the
presence of very dense fill material and periodic large cobbles, we anticipate large hydraulic
excavators will be necessary to accomplish the planned mass grading and utility excavations.
Based on past experience, the silt with gravel soils encountered during this investigation have
a relatively high fines content and little cohesion. As a result, these soils can be easily disturbed and
strength diminished during construction, particularly in relatively high moisture content areas and
where seepage or surface water is allowed to pond or exit from slope faces. Therefore, positive site
drainage is of critical importance to both construction and long-term performance of the proposed
improvements. It is anticipated that surface runoff could provide water to the project area. Surface
diversion and seepage cutoff systems should be considered necessary and will assist in maintaining
the undisturbed foundation soils and temporary slope stability.
Earthwork
We understand it is desirable to use on-site soils for the construction of Structural Fill. Near
surface, on-site soils consist primarily of silt with gravel, sand, and cobbles. With the exception of
topsoil, all soils encountered during this investigation are suitable for Structural Fill construction
as long as the soils are free of organics, deleterious materials, and cobbles or boulders larger than
6 inches. Compaction of Structural Fill shall be accomplished when moisture contents are within
3 percent of the optimum moisture content as determined by ASTM D698. Observations revealed
that in most areas, the in situ soils are typically near or wet of the optimum moisture content as
determined by ASTM D698, indicating the soils may need to moisture conditioned prior to
commencing fill operations. Construction of Structural Fill during relatively wet weather or when
temperatures are below freezing (including nightly low temperatures), will significantly reduce the
efficiency of earthwork operations. Limiting mass grading to the relatively dry and warm late
spring, summer or early fall months will reduce the likelihood of weather affecting construction
operations.
Prior to filling in areas that have historically performed as drainage collection areas in the
north end of the project site, Slopeside recommends constructing a french drain per Detail 1, in the
Page 4
Bloomstone Apartments - Kalispell, Montana Slopeside Engineering, LLC
low area of the swale to reduce the risk of infiltrating water adversely affecting the Structural Fill.
In addition, due to the presence of silt with relatively high moisture contents, it may also be
beneficial to construct the first lift or two of fill material out of 3 inch minus Granular Structural Fill
at the north end of the project.
Foundation Design
Footings shall be established in the existing dense to very dense compacted Structural Fill
or native medium stiff to stiff silt soils. Structural Fill (existing or to be placed) below planned
footings shall be compacted to a minimum of 95 percent of the maximum dry density as determined
by ASTM D698, and be within 3 percent of the optimum moisture content at the time of compaction.
Based on past experience, we anticipate maximum spread column and continuous wall loads
will be 150 kips and 5 kips per lineal foot, respectively. We recommend using allowable bearing
pressures of 2,000 psf for spread column and continuous wall footing design. Design using the
recommended allowable bearing pressures will tend to maintain total load settlements at less than
1-inch and differential settlements of less than ½ the total settlement for footings established in
undisturbed, native soils or compacted Structural Fill. Precautions to minimize disturbance of the
underlying silts are provided in the Recommendations section of this report.
Pavement Analysis
Flexible pavement designs have been conducted using the 1993 edition of the AASHTO
Guide to Pavement Design. Light duty pavement sections are provided and are dependent on the
intended use of the paved area. Light duty pavement sections should be used in areas where
vehicular traffic consisting of cars, pick-ups, vans, and occasional small delivery vehicles are
anticipated, i.e. parking lots. The pavement analysis assumes a design life of 20 years with an 85
percent reliability level and a Terminal Service Index of 3.0. An Equivalent Single Axle Loading
(ESAL) of 110,000 was assumed for light-duty pavement sections. A CBR value of 5 was used to
model the subgrade, assuming the subgrade is compacted to a minimum of 95 percent of the
maximum dry density as determined by ASTM D698 and the moisture content is within 3 percent
of the optimum moisture content at the time of compaction. The pavement section is presented in
the Recommendations section of this report.
RECOMMENDATIONS
1.0 General Site Preparation
1.1 The removal of topsoil and other organic material, including the clearing and grubbing of
surficial vegetation and root zones, shall be accomplished within the construction zone prior
to any earthwork construction. Based on observations, it appears the majority of the site has
been stripped of topsoil with the exception of the north portion of the site. Due to the
presence of moisture-sensitive fine grained soils near the ground surface, care shall be taken
to reduce the risk of disturbing the soils due to heavy construction traffic when moisture
contents are near or greater than the optimum moisture content for compaction. We
recommend rubber-tired construction traffic be limited to areas at least 2 ft above subgrade
soils consisting of moisture-sensitive silty soils. Following removal of surface materials, site
Page 5
Bloomstone Apartments - Kalispell, Montana Slopeside Engineering, LLC
preparation can proceed for earthwork, utility construction, and roadways.
1.2 Surface drainage shall be established to direct runoff away from the construction area. The
contractor should be aware that drainage ditches and collection channels may be necessary
to complete the excavations. In addition, french drains constructed in accordance Detail 1
shall be used beneath fill areas in low lying swale area on the north end of the project site,
and other areas where seepage or trapped water is anticipated or observed. The drains shall
be connected to an acceptable outlet as directed by the Civil Engineer.
1.3 Excavated material or structural fill to be placed as backfill shall not be stockpiled adjacent
to steep excavations. Stockpiling soil adjacent to deep excavations will add weight to the
slope that will reduce the factor of safety against sliding.
1.4 Near surface soils encountered at the site have a relatively high silt percentage. These soils
are fine grained, moisture-sensitive soils that are easily disturbed by construction activities
and traffic. In the event a relatively high moisture content is present in these soils and/or
seeps and springs are observed at the ground surface, we recommend construction traffic not
travel over fine grained subgrade soils. In areas where silty soils are present and heavy
construction traffic is anticipated, haul roads with a minimum gravel thickness of 2 feet
should be constructed over the planned subgrade. The gravel shall consist of a well-graded
gravel with no more than 7 percent passing the No. 200 sieve. Geotextile fabric placed
between the fine-grained soils and gravel for the haul road will reduce the risk of continued
maintenance of the haul road during construction. Provided that the haul road is constructed
over firm subgrade stripped of organics, it can be used as a portion of the subbase course for
the roads.
1.5 The stability of construction excavations and associated worker safety are the responsibility
of the contractor in accordance with current OSHA regulations; this responsibility may
require design by a registered professional engineer. Based on the predominant soil types
encountered during our investigation, temporary construction excavations that are to be
planned in accordance with OSHA provisions should assume Type B material for the silt and
silty gravel soils. Actual subsurface conditions at the time of excavation should be observed
by a geotechnical engineer to determine whether slope flattening, bracing or other
stabilization is necessary due to seepage or other unexpected conditions.
2.0 Excavation, Earthwork, and Construction Materials
2.1 Heavy-duty, track-mounted hydraulic excavators equipped with large buckets and rock teeth
may be necessary for excavation of the very dense silty gravel soils.
2.2 Structural Fill constructed within proposed building lots, roadways, parking areas, sidewalks,
behind retaining walls, and other areas that are settlement-sensitive should be comprised of
soils that are free of organics and deleterious materials. All Structural Fill material should
be compacted to a minimum of 95 percent of the maximum dry density as determined by
ASTM D698. In addition, the moisture content of the Structural Fill at the time of
Page 6
Bloomstone Apartments - Kalispell, Montana Slopeside Engineering, LLC
compaction should be within 3 percent of the optimum moisture content as determined by
ASTM D698. Structural Fills should consist of well-graded soils with a maximum particle
size of 6 inches. On-site soils, free of material greater than 6 inch maximum size and
moisture conditioned to within 3 percent of the optimum moisture content are suitable for
Structural Fill. All Structural Fill material shall be approved by our geotechnical engineer.
In the event Granular Structural Fill is necessary and will be placed in an area of significant
moisture, or at times of the year when moisture conditioning of the on-site soils is
impractical, we recommend the Granualar Structural Fill material meet the following
gradation and composition guidelines:
Screen or Sieve Size Percent Passing by Weight
3-inch 100
1½-inch 85-100
No. 4 30-60
No. 200 10 maximum
• The sand and gravel-size particles comprising the fill should be hard, durable rock
materials that will not degrade by moistening or under mechanical action of the
compacting equipment; i.e. not shale or other clayey rock types.
• The binder/fines should have maximum Liquid Limit and Plasticity Index values of
25 and 10 percent, respectively.
• No frozen, organic, or other deleterious materials should be present in the Structural
Fill.
2.3 Structural Fill shall be placed in uniform lifts not exceeding a 12-inch loose thickness and
be compacted to at least 95 percent of the maximum dry density as determined by ASTM
D698. Prior to placing Structural Fill over existing fill soils encountered during this
investigation, the loose fill material (specifically the upper 2.5 ft of material at the south end
of the site in the vicinity of Borings B-5 and B-6) shall be removed. In areas where
previously compacted fill material is present, the subgrade shall be scarified to a depth of 8
inches, moisture conditioned to within 3 percent of the optimum moisture content and
compacted to a minimum of 95 percent of the maximum dry density as determined by ASTM
D698. The subgrade shall be observed by a qualified geotechnical engineer prior to fill
placement. Structural Fill shall not be placed over frozen soil or previously placed Structural
Fill that has frozen.
2.4 Utility trench and foundation wall backfill material should be approved by our geotechnical
engineer, be placed in uniform lifts of maximum 8-inch loose thickness, and be compacted
Page 7
Bloomstone Apartments - Kalispell, Montana Slopeside Engineering, LLC
to at least 95 percent of the maximum dry density as determined by ASTM D698. On-site
silt soils are acceptable for backfill purposes where allowed by the municipality, provided
the soils are compacted to a minimum of 95 percent of the maximum dry density as
determined by ASTM D698, are within 3 percent of the optimum moisture content for
compaction, and they are free of construction debris, frozen or deleterious material. Cobbles
and boulders greater than 4 inch maximum size should not be used as backfill material.
Backfill should not be placed on frozen subgrade material or previously placed backfill that
has frozen.
2.5 Fill placement shall be observed and tested by our geotechnical site representative. Any
areas of rutting, excessive deformation, or other non-uniform performance shall be moisture
conditioned and recompacted, or removed and replaced, as recommended by our
geotechnical engineer.
2.6 Due to the difficult nature of compacting fill slopes, we recommend fill slopes be overbuilt
by 2 feet and trimmed back after construction to provide a surface that is more resistant to
localized sloughing.
2.7 Permanent slopes shall be no steeper than 2H:1V. Following final slope construction,
Slopeside recommends placement of about 6 inches of topsoil over the firm slope surface.
The topsoil shall be track-walked in the up-down direction of the slope with an appropriately
sized dozer, prior to establishing vegetation. Establishing vegetation and rooted zones on
slopes will assist with reducing the risk of significant erosion.
3.0 Foundation Preparation and Design
3.1 Due to the significant presence of fill material across the site, all foundations shall be
constructed on a minimum 12 inch thickness of compacted Granular Structural Fill (Detail
2), as described in Item 2.2. Prior to concrete forming and/or placement of gravel beneath
planned footings, we recommend our geotechnical engineer observe the soil at the bottom
of the excavation for suitability of the proposed foundation bearing pressures. In existing
fill areas, the subgrade soils shall be compacted to a minimum of 95 percent of the maximum
dry density as determined by ASTM D698. Moisture contents shall be with 3 percent of the
optimum moisture content at the time of compaction. Care shall be taken to minimize
disturbance to the silt bearing surfaces. Due to the sensitive nature of the silt soils, we
recommend the gravel fill occur rapidly following excavation and before water has a chance
to pond or flow over the subgrade soils. Compaction should occur immediately after
placement of gravel to reduce the risk of disturbing the underlying soils. We recommend
our geotechnical engineer observe compaction of the gravel to reduce the risk of applying
too much compactive effort and disturbing the underlying soils.
3.2 Where the removal of unsuitable material is required, replacement Granular Structural Fill
shall be placed and compacted per Item 2.2 to attain foundation grade. Unsuitable materials
include soils with support capability less than the bearing values planned for a specific
footing, and any saturated or softened/disturbed native soils that may occur due to isolated
Page 8
Bloomstone Apartments - Kalispell, Montana Slopeside Engineering, LLC
seepage, weather, or construction activities.
3.3 Continuous wall and spread footing foundations shall be established on a minimum 12 inch
thickness of compacted Granular Structural Fill (Detail 2). Continuous wall and spread
column footings can then be designed with maximum allowable bearing pressures of 2,000
psf, provided load-settlement relations discussed in the Engineering Analysis are acceptable.
Continuous wall and spread footing foundations shall have minimum footing widths of 16
inches and 2 ft, respectively; however, may need to be larger, depending on the planned
loading. Foundation sizes shall be determined by the Structural Engineer.
3.4 All foundation footings shall have a minimum embedment of 1.0 feet below finished interior
surfaces. Exterior wall footings and column foundations should be embedded a minimum
of 3.5 feet below exterior grades to establish frost protection. In addition, all foundations
shall be constructed a minimum 10 ft horizontal distance from the face of a slope at
foundation elevation. Additional distance from slopes can be accomplished by deepening
foundations.
3.5 Lateral load resistance can be provided by friction acting along footing bases and passive
pressure acting on the footing sides. For design purposes, the following parameters are
appropriate:
Material Friction
Coefficient
Passive Resistance
(psf/ft depth)
Compacted Granular Structural
Fill
On-site SILT with Gravel
0.50
---
350*
250*
*Assumes foundation backfill compacted per Item 2.4
4.0 Site Drainage
4.1 Finished site grades shall be positively sloped away from foundation and backfill zones.
Upslope grading shall be designed and maintained to route runoff away from the building
areas. Roof drains and subsurface drains shall not be allowed to outlet on slopes steeper than
3H:1V.
4.2 Seeps and springs observed at the ground surface or in areas where Structural Fill is planned,
can be controlled with french drains sloped to drain to an acceptable outlet. French drains
shall be constructed per Detail 1 and shall consist of a typical 2-ft by 2-ft trench. The french
drain shall consist of a minimum 4-inch diameter perforated pipe, surrounded by open-
graded drain rock (rounded gravel is acceptable) and enveloped with a nonwoven drainage
geotextile. The fabric shall be protected with a minimum cover of 12 inches.
Page 9
Bloomstone Apartments - Kalispell, Montana Slopeside Engineering, LLC
5.0 Slab-on-Grade Design/Capillary Break
5.1 In preparation for slab placement, the subgrade shall consist of Structural Fill compacted to
a minimum of 95 percent of the maximum dry density as determined by ASTM D698 and
be within 3 percent of the optimum moisture content at the time of compaction. Areas of
unsuitable fill material or where rutting, yielding, or other non-uniform subgrade
performance is observed, shall be removed or recompacted as recommended by our
geotechnical engineer. A subgrade modulus value of 150 psi/in should be assumed for silt
subgrade soils prepared in accordance with Sections 1.0 and 2.0 in the concrete slab area.
5.2 Following the subgrade preparation of Item 7.1, a nominal 8-inch thick layer of 3/8 to 3/4 inch
open-graded angular crushed rock (3/4 inch gravel chips works good for this purpose) should
be provided to reduce the risk of capillary rise affecting the concrete slab. The open graded
angular gravel shall be compacted using vibratory methods until well keyed. Depending on
the necessary level of protection against moisture, a vapor barrier installed per the
manufacturer’s recommendations may also be necessary.
6.0 Exterior Concrete Flatwork
6.1 Concrete flatwork that is allowed to move independently, such as sidewalks, typically have
minimal damage of the concrete due to frost heave. As long as the concrete is allowed to
raise and lower without being fixed at the edges, minimal cracking due to frost heave is
anticipated.
6.2 In the event it is desired to reduce the risk of frost heave occurring within the limits of the
exterior concrete flatwork and affecting entryways and fixed concrete slabs, Slopeside
recommends a combination of reducing water infiltration and removing some of the frost
susceptible soils. Slopeside recommends reducing the amount of surface water infiltrating
into the ground by collecting roof water in gutters and hard piping the runoff to an
acceptable outlet approved by the Civil Engineer. Slopeside also recommends the frost
susceptible subgrade soils be overexcavated to a depth of about 2 ft below the bottom of
concrete elevation and backfilled with at least 18 inches of Granular Structural Fill
consisting of 3 inch minus gravel with no more than 5 percent passing the No. 200 sieve, and
compacted to a minimum of 95 percent of the maximum dry density as determined by ASTM
D698. The upper 6 inches of base material below the concrete should consist of 1/4 inch to
1 inch open-graded angular drain rock. The angular drain rock shall be compacted using
vibratory methods until well-keyed, and a drainage outlet for the open graded gravel shall
be provided.
7.0 Seismic Design
7.1 Seismic design following the static procedures outlined in the International Building Code
may be conducted using a Site Class D (2021 IBC). A site specific seismic hazard study will
be necessary if dynamic procedures are to be followed.
8.0 Asphaltic Concrete Pavement
8.1 In preparation for subbase course, the subgrade shall be scarified to a depth of 8 inches,
Page 10
Bloomstone Apartments - Kalispell, Montana Slopeside Engineering, LLC
moisture conditioned, and compacted to a minimum of 95 percent of the maximum dry
density as determined by ASTM D698. In areas where Structural Fill has been previously
compacted as part of the Earthwork operations for this project, scarifying and recompacting
the subgrade will not be necessary unless the subgrade has previously frozen or is disturbed.
Any areas where rutting, yielding, or non-uniform subgrade performance is observed, shall
be repaired and improved as recommended by our geotechnical engineer. Compacted silt
with gravel is the assumed pavement subgrade material.
8.2 Placement of a woven separation geotextile fabric between the silt with gravel subgrade and
the subbase course layer will improve constructability and reduce the risk of the subgrade
soils contaminating the subbase course material. In addition, the geotextile will significantly
reduce the risk of subgrade disturbance during spring thaw, when subgrade soils are weakest.
The geotextile should be placed to the manufacturer’s specifications.
8.3 The following flexible pavement thickness design sections assume a 20-year design period,
provided the traffic assumptions discussed in the Engineering Analysis are acceptable. The
pavement sections assume construction procedures and material requirements as outlined in
the Montana Public Works Standard Specifications, Sixth Edition, 2010, are followed.
Pavement Component Light-Duty Section*
Asphaltic Concrete Pavement 3 in.
1½-inch minus Crushed Base Course 12 in.
*Assumes geotextile equivalent to Mirafi 500X is placed between subgrade and base. In the event a geotextile
is not used, we recommend increasing the Base Course thickness by 3 inches for both the light-duty and heavy-
duty pavement sections.
9.0 Construction Services and Quality Control
9.1 Geotechnical observation should be provided to monitor the site preparation, earthwork, and
foundation stages of construction. These geotechnical services should ascertain that
subsurface conditions are reasonably consistent with those determined by our investigation,
and should ascertain that site and foundation preparation are consistent with our
recommendations.
CONCLUSION
The foregoing recommendations present our initial geotechnical input for design and
construction of the project. In order for these recommendations to be properly incorporated in the
subsequent design and construction stages we recommend that our geotechnical engineering staff
remain involved with the project to ascertain that our recommendations have been properly
interpreted both during design and construction. These services will reduce the potential for
misinterpretation of subsurface conditions and geotechnical design recommendations that are
important in the preparation of project plans, specifications and bid documents.
Page 11
Bloomstone Apartments - Kalispell, Montana Slopeside Engineering, LLC
LIMITATIONS
Slopeside Engineering, LLC, has strived to prepare this report in accordance with generally
accepted geotechnical engineering practices in this area solely for use by the client for design
purposes and is not intended as a construction or bid document representing subsurface conditions
in their entirety. The conclusions and recommendations presented are based upon the data obtained
during the investigation as applied to the proposed design and construction details discussed in this
report. The nature and extent of variations between the subsurface explorations may not become
evident until construction. If variations are then exposed, it will be necessary to reevaluate the
recommendations of this report. If changes in the concept, design data, or location of the lots are
planned, the recommendations contained in this report shall not be considered valid unless the
changes are reviewed by our geotechnical engineer, and a written response is provided.
Sincerely,
Joshua C. Smith, P.E.
Principal Geotechnical Engineer
Page 12
Vicinity Map
Slopeside Engineering, LLCKalispell, MTFIGURE 1
Project: Bloomstone Apartments Job Number:24-419Kalispell, Montana Date:October 24, 2024
Site Plan
Slopeside Engineering, LLC
Kalispell, MTFIGURE 2
Project: Bloomstone Apartments Job Number:24-419Kalispell, Montana Date:October 24, 2024
B-14
B-3
B-13
B-12B-11B-10
B-2 B-7
B-5B-6
B-9
B-4
B-8 B-1
Typical French Drain
Slopeside Engineering, LLC
Kalispell, MTDetail 4
Project: Bloomstone Apartments Job Number:24-419
Kalispell, Montana Date:October 24, 2024
Typical French Drain
No Scale Intended
Typically 2' thick layer of 1/4" to
2" open-graded drainage aggregate
wrapped with non-woven drainage
geotextile wrap such as Mirafi
140N.
4" or 6" diameter slotted ADS
underdrain sloped at 0.002 ft/ft
to positive outlet.
Approximately 1 ft of cover. Use
open-graded drainage aggregate if
drain is designed to control the flow of
surface water. Otherwise, topsoil is
appropriate in nonstructural areas, and
Structural Fill or Roadway subbase can
be used, depending onthe location of
the French Drain.
2 ft Typical
2 ft Typical
Non-woven drainage geotextile, such
as Mirafi 140N, placed between the
silty gravel soils and open-graded drain
rock.
1 ft Typical
Foundation Detail
Slopeside Engineering, LLC
Kalispell, MTDetail 2
Project: Bloomstone Apartments Job Number:Kalispell, Montana Date:
24-419October 24, 2024
Footing Subgrade Preparation
No Scale Intended
12 in. Minimum
Minimum
3.5 ft
A minimum 12 inch thick section of 3 inch minus
Granular Structural Fill (or approved alternate)
shall be placed and compacted beneath all
shallow foundations. The Granular Structural Fill
shall extend a minimum of 1 ft beyond the outside
edge of all footings and be compacted to a
minimum of 95% of the maximum dry density as
determined by ASTM D698. The Granular
Structural Fill shall be within 3 percent of the
optimum moisture content at the time of
compaction.
Backfill placed and compacted per
Item 2.4.
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
S-1
S-2
S-3
S-4
S-5
S-6
2.0
FILL: Silty GRAVEL; dense, fine to coarse and subround gravel,
grayish brown, scattered cobbles, moist
SILT with Sand; medium stiff, dark brown, fine grained sand,
moist
- Grayish brown, below 2.8 ft.
- Trace sand, below 4 ft.
- Very moist to wet, below 8.8 ft.
Boring terminated at 20.3 ft.
PROJECT:Bloomstone Apartments PROJECT NO.:24-419
CLIENT:Cedar & Sage Homes DATE:August 6, 2024
LOCATION:See Site Plan ELEVATION:
BORING LOG
B-1
SUBCONTRACTOR:Crowley Environmental Drilling LOGGED BY:Joshua Smith
METHOD:Mobile B-61 Hollow Stem Auger GW:
GW(2):
Groundwater encountered; however, not measured due to time required for equilibration. Estimated water level below 8 ft.
DE
P
T
H
(f
e
e
t
)
SA
M
P
L
E
R
S
SA
M
P
L
E
N
O
.
DE
P
T
H
(f
e
e
t
)
SO
I
L
TY
P
E
MATERIAL DESCRIPTION
TEST RESULTS
10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90
N-values (Blows per foot)
Water Content (percent)
Plastic Limit Liquid Limit
Figure 1A
Th
i
s
i
n
f
o
r
m
a
t
i
o
n
p
e
r
t
a
i
n
s
o
n
l
y
t
o
t
h
i
s
b
o
r
i
n
g
a
n
d
s
h
o
u
l
d
n
o
t
b
e
i
n
t
e
r
p
r
e
t
e
d
a
s
b
e
i
n
g
i
n
d
i
c
a
t
i
v
e
o
f
t
h
e
s
i
t
e
.
PAGE 1 of 1
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
S-1
S-2
S-3
S-4
S-5
8.0
FILL: Silty GRAVEL; dense, fine to coarse and subround gravel,
grayish brown, scattered cobbles, moist
SILT with Sand; stiff, dark brown, fine grained sand, moist
- Grayish brown and trace sand, below 8.8 ft.
- Wet, below 13.8 ft.
- With sand, below 14.5 ft.
Boring terminated at 15.3 ft.
PROJECT:Bloomstone Apartments PROJECT NO.:24-419
CLIENT:Cedar & Sage Homes DATE:August 6, 2024
LOCATION:See Site Plan ELEVATION:
BORING LOG
B-2
SUBCONTRACTOR:Crowley Environmental Drilling LOGGED BY:Joshua Smith
METHOD:Mobile B-61 Hollow Stem Auger GW:
GW(2):
Groundwater encountered; however, not measured due to time required for equilibration. Estimated water level below 10 ft.
DE
P
T
H
(f
e
e
t
)
SA
M
P
L
E
R
S
SA
M
P
L
E
N
O
.
DE
P
T
H
(f
e
e
t
)
SO
I
L
TY
P
E
MATERIAL DESCRIPTION
TEST RESULTS
10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90
N-values (Blows per foot)
Water Content (percent)
Plastic Limit Liquid Limit
Figure 2A
Th
i
s
i
n
f
o
r
m
a
t
i
o
n
p
e
r
t
a
i
n
s
o
n
l
y
t
o
t
h
i
s
b
o
r
i
n
g
a
n
d
s
h
o
u
l
d
n
o
t
b
e
i
n
t
e
r
p
r
e
t
e
d
a
s
b
e
i
n
g
i
n
d
i
c
a
t
i
v
e
o
f
t
h
e
s
i
t
e
.
PAGE 1 of 1
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
S-1
S-2
S-3
S-4
S-5
S-6
5.5
FILL: Silty GRAVEL; dense, fine to coarse and subround gravel,
grayish brown, scattered cobbles, moist
SILT with Sand; medium stiff, dark brown, fine grained sand,
moist
- Grayish brown, below 6.0 ft.
- Very moist to wet, below 13.8 ft.
Boring terminated at 20.3 ft.
PROJECT:Bloomstone Apartments PROJECT NO.:24-419
CLIENT:Cedar & Sage Homes DATE:August 6, 2024
LOCATION:See Site Plan ELEVATION:
BORING LOG
B-3
SUBCONTRACTOR:Crowley Environmental Drilling LOGGED BY:Joshua Smith
METHOD:Mobile B-61 Hollow Stem Auger GW:
GW(2):
Groundwater encountered; however, not measured due to time required for equilibration. Estimated water level below 10 ft.
DE
P
T
H
(f
e
e
t
)
SA
M
P
L
E
R
S
SA
M
P
L
E
N
O
.
DE
P
T
H
(f
e
e
t
)
SO
I
L
TY
P
E
MATERIAL DESCRIPTION
TEST RESULTS
10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90
N-values (Blows per foot)
Water Content (percent)
Plastic Limit Liquid Limit
Figure 3A
Th
i
s
i
n
f
o
r
m
a
t
i
o
n
p
e
r
t
a
i
n
s
o
n
l
y
t
o
t
h
i
s
b
o
r
i
n
g
a
n
d
s
h
o
u
l
d
n
o
t
b
e
i
n
t
e
r
p
r
e
t
e
d
a
s
b
e
i
n
g
i
n
d
i
c
a
t
i
v
e
o
f
t
h
e
s
i
t
e
.
PAGE 1 of 1
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
S-1
S-2
S-3
S-4
5.0
FILL: Silty GRAVEL; dense, fine to coarse and subround gravel,
grayish brown, scattered cobbles, moist
SILT with Sand; stiff, dark brown, fine grained sand, moist
- Grayish brown, below 5.3 ft.
- Wet, below 13.8 ft.
Boring terminated at 15.3 ft.
PROJECT:Bloomstone Apartments PROJECT NO.:24-419
CLIENT:Cedar & Sage Homes DATE:August 6, 2024
LOCATION:See Site Plan ELEVATION:
BORING LOG
B-4
SUBCONTRACTOR:Crowley Environmental Drilling LOGGED BY:Joshua Smith
METHOD:Mobile B-61 Hollow Stem Auger GW:
GW(2):
Groundwater encountered; however, not measured due to time required for equilibration. Estimated water level below 10 ft.
DE
P
T
H
(f
e
e
t
)
SA
M
P
L
E
R
S
SA
M
P
L
E
N
O
.
DE
P
T
H
(f
e
e
t
)
SO
I
L
TY
P
E
MATERIAL DESCRIPTION
TEST RESULTS
10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90
N-values (Blows per foot)
Water Content (percent)
Plastic Limit Liquid Limit
Figure 4A
Th
i
s
i
n
f
o
r
m
a
t
i
o
n
p
e
r
t
a
i
n
s
o
n
l
y
t
o
t
h
i
s
b
o
r
i
n
g
a
n
d
s
h
o
u
l
d
n
o
t
b
e
i
n
t
e
r
p
r
e
t
e
d
a
s
b
e
i
n
g
i
n
d
i
c
a
t
i
v
e
o
f
t
h
e
s
i
t
e
.
PAGE 1 of 1
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
S-1
S-2
S-3
S-4
S-5
S-6
S-7
11.0
FILL: Silty GRAVEL; loose, fine to coarse and subround gravel,
grayish brown, scattered cobbles, moist
- Upper 2.5 ft of fill is uncompacted, loose, and contains scattered
to abundant organics
SILT with Sand; medium stiff, brown, fine grained sand, moist
- Very moist, below 20 ft.
Boring terminated at 20.3 ft.
PROJECT:Bloomstone Apartments PROJECT NO.:24-419
CLIENT:Cedar & Sage Homes DATE:August 6, 2024
LOCATION:See Site Plan ELEVATION:
BORING LOG
B-5
SUBCONTRACTOR:Crowley Environmental Drilling LOGGED BY:Joshua Smith
METHOD:Mobile B-61 Hollow Stem Auger GW:
GW(2):
Groundwater not encountered.
DE
P
T
H
(f
e
e
t
)
SA
M
P
L
E
R
S
SA
M
P
L
E
N
O
.
DE
P
T
H
(f
e
e
t
)
SO
I
L
TY
P
E
MATERIAL DESCRIPTION
TEST RESULTS
10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90
N-values (Blows per foot)
Water Content (percent)
Plastic Limit Liquid Limit
Figure 5A
Th
i
s
i
n
f
o
r
m
a
t
i
o
n
p
e
r
t
a
i
n
s
o
n
l
y
t
o
t
h
i
s
b
o
r
i
n
g
a
n
d
s
h
o
u
l
d
n
o
t
b
e
i
n
t
e
r
p
r
e
t
e
d
a
s
b
e
i
n
g
i
n
d
i
c
a
t
i
v
e
o
f
t
h
e
s
i
t
e
.
PAGE 1 of 1
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
S-1
S-2
S-3
S-4
S-5
S-6
12.0
13.0
FILL: Silty GRAVEL; loose, fine to coarse and subround gravel,
grayish brown, scattered cobbles, moist
- Upper 2.5 ft of fill is uncompacted, loose, and contains scattered
to abundant organics
SILT with Sand; medium stiff, brown, fine grained sand, moist
Silty GRAVEL; very dense, fine to coarse and subround gravel,
scattered cobbles and boulders, gray, moist
(Glacial Till)
Boring terminated at 13.9 ft.
PROJECT:Bloomstone Apartments PROJECT NO.:24-419
CLIENT:Cedar & Sage Homes DATE:August 6, 2024
LOCATION:See Site Plan ELEVATION:
BORING LOG
B-6
SUBCONTRACTOR:Crowley Environmental Drilling LOGGED BY:Joshua Smith
METHOD:Mobile B-61 Hollow Stem Auger GW:
GW(2):
Groundwater not encountered.
DE
P
T
H
(f
e
e
t
)
SA
M
P
L
E
R
S
SA
M
P
L
E
N
O
.
DE
P
T
H
(f
e
e
t
)
SO
I
L
TY
P
E
MATERIAL DESCRIPTION
TEST RESULTS
10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90
N-values (Blows per foot)
Water Content (percent)
Plastic Limit Liquid Limit
Figure 6A
Th
i
s
i
n
f
o
r
m
a
t
i
o
n
p
e
r
t
a
i
n
s
o
n
l
y
t
o
t
h
i
s
b
o
r
i
n
g
a
n
d
s
h
o
u
l
d
n
o
t
b
e
i
n
t
e
r
p
r
e
t
e
d
a
s
b
e
i
n
g
i
n
d
i
c
a
t
i
v
e
o
f
t
h
e
s
i
t
e
.
PAGE 1 of 1
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
S-1
S-2
S-3
S-4
3.0
FILL: Silty GRAVEL; dense, fine to coarse and subround gravel,
grayish brown, scattered cobbles, moist
SILT with Sand; medium stiff, dark brown, fine grained sand,
moist
- Grayish brown, below 3.8 ft.
- Very moist to wet and medium stiff to soft, below 8.8 ft.
Boring terminated at 20.3 ft.
PROJECT:Bloomstone Apartments PROJECT NO.:24-419
CLIENT:Cedar & Sage Homes DATE:August 7, 2024
LOCATION:See Site Plan ELEVATION:
BORING LOG
B-7
SUBCONTRACTOR:Crowley Environmental Drilling LOGGED BY:Joshua Smith
METHOD:Mobile B-61 Hollow Stem Auger GW:
GW(2):
Groundwater encountered; however, not measured due to time required for equilibration. Estimated water level below 8 ft. 1.5"
diameter standpipe piezometer installed to assist with periodic groundwater measurements if desired during construction.
DE
P
T
H
(f
e
e
t
)
SA
M
P
L
E
R
S
SA
M
P
L
E
N
O
.
DE
P
T
H
(f
e
e
t
)
SO
I
L
TY
P
E
MATERIAL DESCRIPTION
TEST RESULTS
10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90
N-values (Blows per foot)
Water Content (percent)
Plastic Limit Liquid Limit
Figure 7A
Th
i
s
i
n
f
o
r
m
a
t
i
o
n
p
e
r
t
a
i
n
s
o
n
l
y
t
o
t
h
i
s
b
o
r
i
n
g
a
n
d
s
h
o
u
l
d
n
o
t
b
e
i
n
t
e
r
p
r
e
t
e
d
a
s
b
e
i
n
g
i
n
d
i
c
a
t
i
v
e
o
f
t
h
e
s
i
t
e
.
PAGE 1 of 1
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
S-1
S-2
S-3
S-4
7.5
FILL: Silty GRAVEL; dense, fine to coarse and subround gravel,
grayish brown, scattered cobbles, moist
SILT with Sand; stiff, dark brown, fine grained sand, moist
- Grayish brown, below 8.0 ft.
- Wet, below 13.8 ft.
Boring terminated at 20.3 ft.
PROJECT:Bloomstone Apartments PROJECT NO.:24-419
CLIENT:Cedar & Sage Homes DATE:August 7, 2024
LOCATION:See Site Plan ELEVATION:
BORING LOG
B-8
SUBCONTRACTOR:Crowley Environmental Drilling LOGGED BY:Joshua Smith
METHOD:Mobile B-61 Hollow Stem Auger GW:
GW(2):
Groundwater encountered; however, not measured due to time required for equilibration. Estimated water level below 10 ft.
DE
P
T
H
(f
e
e
t
)
SA
M
P
L
E
R
S
SA
M
P
L
E
N
O
.
DE
P
T
H
(f
e
e
t
)
SO
I
L
TY
P
E
MATERIAL DESCRIPTION
TEST RESULTS
10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90
N-values (Blows per foot)
Water Content (percent)
Plastic Limit Liquid Limit
Figure 8A
Th
i
s
i
n
f
o
r
m
a
t
i
o
n
p
e
r
t
a
i
n
s
o
n
l
y
t
o
t
h
i
s
b
o
r
i
n
g
a
n
d
s
h
o
u
l
d
n
o
t
b
e
i
n
t
e
r
p
r
e
t
e
d
a
s
b
e
i
n
g
i
n
d
i
c
a
t
i
v
e
o
f
t
h
e
s
i
t
e
.
PAGE 1 of 1
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
S-1
S-2
S-3
FILL: Silty GRAVEL; loose, fine to coarse and subround gravel,
grayish brown, scattered cobbles, moist
- Upper 1.5 ft of fill is uncompacted and loose
Boring terminated at 4.6 ft.
PROJECT:Bloomstone Apartments PROJECT NO.:24-419
CLIENT:Cedar & Sage Homes DATE:August 7, 2024
LOCATION:See Site Plan ELEVATION:
BORING LOG
B-9
SUBCONTRACTOR:Crowley Environmental Drilling LOGGED BY:Joshua Smith
METHOD:Mobile B-61 Hollow Stem Auger GW:
GW(2):
Groundwater not encountered.
DE
P
T
H
(f
e
e
t
)
SA
M
P
L
E
R
S
SA
M
P
L
E
N
O
.
DE
P
T
H
(f
e
e
t
)
SO
I
L
TY
P
E
MATERIAL DESCRIPTION
TEST RESULTS
10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90
N-values (Blows per foot)
Water Content (percent)
Plastic Limit Liquid Limit
Figure 9A
Th
i
s
i
n
f
o
r
m
a
t
i
o
n
p
e
r
t
a
i
n
s
o
n
l
y
t
o
t
h
i
s
b
o
r
i
n
g
a
n
d
s
h
o
u
l
d
n
o
t
b
e
i
n
t
e
r
p
r
e
t
e
d
a
s
b
e
i
n
g
i
n
d
i
c
a
t
i
v
e
o
f
t
h
e
s
i
t
e
.
PAGE 1 of 1
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
S-1
S-2
S-3 4.8
FILL: Silty GRAVEL; dense to very dense, fine to coarse and
subround gravel, grayish brown, scattered cobbles, moist
SILT with Sand; medium stiff, dark brown, fine grained sand,
moist
Boring terminated at 5.3 ft.
PROJECT:Bloomstone Apartments PROJECT NO.:24-419
CLIENT:Cedar & Sage Homes DATE:August 7, 2024
LOCATION:See Site Plan ELEVATION:
BORING LOG
B-10
SUBCONTRACTOR:Crowley Environmental Drilling LOGGED BY:Joshua Smith
METHOD:Mobile B-61 Hollow Stem Auger GW:
GW(2):
Groundwater not encountered.
DE
P
T
H
(f
e
e
t
)
SA
M
P
L
E
R
S
SA
M
P
L
E
N
O
.
DE
P
T
H
(f
e
e
t
)
SO
I
L
TY
P
E
MATERIAL DESCRIPTION
TEST RESULTS
10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90
N-values (Blows per foot)
Water Content (percent)
Plastic Limit Liquid Limit
Figure 10A
Th
i
s
i
n
f
o
r
m
a
t
i
o
n
p
e
r
t
a
i
n
s
o
n
l
y
t
o
t
h
i
s
b
o
r
i
n
g
a
n
d
s
h
o
u
l
d
n
o
t
b
e
i
n
t
e
r
p
r
e
t
e
d
a
s
b
e
i
n
g
i
n
d
i
c
a
t
i
v
e
o
f
t
h
e
s
i
t
e
.
PAGE 1 of 1
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
S-1
S-2
S-3
FILL: Silty GRAVEL; dense to very dense, fine to coarse and
subround gravel, grayish brown, scattered cobbles, moist
Boring terminated at 4.1 ft.
PROJECT:Bloomstone Apartments PROJECT NO.:24-419
CLIENT:Cedar & Sage Homes DATE:August 7, 2024
LOCATION:See Site Plan ELEVATION:
BORING LOG
B-11
SUBCONTRACTOR:Crowley Environmental Drilling LOGGED BY:Joshua Smith
METHOD:Mobile B-61 Hollow Stem Auger GW:
GW(2):
Groundwater not encountered.
DE
P
T
H
(f
e
e
t
)
SA
M
P
L
E
R
S
SA
M
P
L
E
N
O
.
DE
P
T
H
(f
e
e
t
)
SO
I
L
TY
P
E
MATERIAL DESCRIPTION
TEST RESULTS
10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90
N-values (Blows per foot)
Water Content (percent)
Plastic Limit Liquid Limit
Figure 11A
Th
i
s
i
n
f
o
r
m
a
t
i
o
n
p
e
r
t
a
i
n
s
o
n
l
y
t
o
t
h
i
s
b
o
r
i
n
g
a
n
d
s
h
o
u
l
d
n
o
t
b
e
i
n
t
e
r
p
r
e
t
e
d
a
s
b
e
i
n
g
i
n
d
i
c
a
t
i
v
e
o
f
t
h
e
s
i
t
e
.
PAGE 1 of 1
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
S-1
S-2
FILL: Silty GRAVEL; dense to very dense, fine to coarse and
subround gravel, grayish brown, scattered cobbles, moist
Boring terminated at 5.3 ft.
PROJECT:Bloomstone Apartments PROJECT NO.:24-419
CLIENT:Cedar & Sage Homes DATE:August 7, 2024
LOCATION:See Site Plan ELEVATION:
BORING LOG
B-12
SUBCONTRACTOR:Crowley Environmental Drilling LOGGED BY:Joshua Smith
METHOD:Mobile B-61 Hollow Stem Auger GW:
GW(2):
Groundwater not encountered.
DE
P
T
H
(f
e
e
t
)
SA
M
P
L
E
R
S
SA
M
P
L
E
N
O
.
DE
P
T
H
(f
e
e
t
)
SO
I
L
TY
P
E
MATERIAL DESCRIPTION
TEST RESULTS
10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90
N-values (Blows per foot)
Water Content (percent)
Plastic Limit Liquid Limit
Figure 12A
Th
i
s
i
n
f
o
r
m
a
t
i
o
n
p
e
r
t
a
i
n
s
o
n
l
y
t
o
t
h
i
s
b
o
r
i
n
g
a
n
d
s
h
o
u
l
d
n
o
t
b
e
i
n
t
e
r
p
r
e
t
e
d
a
s
b
e
i
n
g
i
n
d
i
c
a
t
i
v
e
o
f
t
h
e
s
i
t
e
.
PAGE 1 of 1
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
S-1
S-2
FILL: Silty GRAVEL; dense to very dense, fine to coarse and
subround gravel, grayish brown, scattered cobbles, moist
Boring terminated at 4.6 ft.
PROJECT:Bloomstone Apartments PROJECT NO.:24-419
CLIENT:Cedar & Sage Homes DATE:August 7, 2024
LOCATION:See Site Plan ELEVATION:
BORING LOG
B-13
SUBCONTRACTOR:Crowley Environmental Drilling LOGGED BY:Joshua Smith
METHOD:Mobile B-61 Hollow Stem Auger GW:
GW(2):
Groundwater not encountered.
DE
P
T
H
(f
e
e
t
)
SA
M
P
L
E
R
S
SA
M
P
L
E
N
O
.
DE
P
T
H
(f
e
e
t
)
SO
I
L
TY
P
E
MATERIAL DESCRIPTION
TEST RESULTS
10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90
N-values (Blows per foot)
Water Content (percent)
Plastic Limit Liquid Limit
Figure 13A
Th
i
s
i
n
f
o
r
m
a
t
i
o
n
p
e
r
t
a
i
n
s
o
n
l
y
t
o
t
h
i
s
b
o
r
i
n
g
a
n
d
s
h
o
u
l
d
n
o
t
b
e
i
n
t
e
r
p
r
e
t
e
d
a
s
b
e
i
n
g
i
n
d
i
c
a
t
i
v
e
o
f
t
h
e
s
i
t
e
.
PAGE 1 of 1
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
S-1
S-2
FILL: Silty GRAVEL; dense to very dense, fine to coarse and
subround gravel, grayish brown, scattered cobbles, moist
Boring terminated at 5.3 ft.
PROJECT:Bloomstone Apartments PROJECT NO.:24-419
CLIENT:Cedar & Sage Homes DATE:August 7, 2024
LOCATION:See Site Plan ELEVATION:
BORING LOG
B-14
SUBCONTRACTOR:Crowley Environmental Drilling LOGGED BY:Joshua Smith
METHOD:Mobile B-61 Hollow Stem Auger GW:
GW(2):
Groundwater not encountered.
DE
P
T
H
(f
e
e
t
)
SA
M
P
L
E
R
S
SA
M
P
L
E
N
O
.
DE
P
T
H
(f
e
e
t
)
SO
I
L
TY
P
E
MATERIAL DESCRIPTION
TEST RESULTS
10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90
N-values (Blows per foot)
Water Content (percent)
Plastic Limit Liquid Limit
Figure 14A
Th
i
s
i
n
f
o
r
m
a
t
i
o
n
p
e
r
t
a
i
n
s
o
n
l
y
t
o
t
h
i
s
b
o
r
i
n
g
a
n
d
s
h
o
u
l
d
n
o
t
b
e
i
n
t
e
r
p
r
e
t
e
d
a
s
b
e
i
n
g
i
n
d
i
c
a
t
i
v
e
o
f
t
h
e
s
i
t
e
.
PAGE 1 of 1
1
Bloomstone Apartments Preliminary Plat STAFF REPORT #KPP-25-06
BLOOMSTONE APARTMENTS PRELIMINARY PLAT KALISPELL DEVELOPMENT SERVICES FEBRUARY 10, 2026
This report is submitted to the Kalispell City Planning Commission to consider a request for Major Preliminary Plat approval under KPP-25-06 for the Bloomstone Apartments, a multi-family subdivision proposed as part of the approved Bloomstone Planned Unit Development (PUD), located at 1145 Treeline Road, Kalispell, Montana. The request includes the creation of three (3) multi-family lots, together with associated access, utility infrastructure, and supporting
improvements consistent with the approved PUD framework. A public hearing on the preliminary plat is scheduled before the Kalispell City Planning Commission on February 10, 2026, beginning at 6:00 p.m. in the Kalispell City Council Chambers. Following the public hearing, the Planning Commission will forward a recommendation to the City Council, which holds final authority on subdivision approval.
BACKGROUND INFORMATION Kalispell National Multifamily, LLC has submitted an application for Major Preliminary Plat approval under KPP-25-06 for the Bloomstone Apartments. The request is part of the previously
approved Bloomstone Planned Unit Development (PUD) and reflects a refinement of subdivision lot configuration for a portion of the multi-family development that has already received City approval. In 2020, the City approved a multi-phase major preliminary plat for the Bloomstone
development consisting of six (6) phases. As part of that approval, Phases 5 and 6 included six (6) individual preliminary plat lots intended for multi-family apartment development. Those lots, together with associated access, utilities, and supporting infrastructure, were reviewed and approved through the City’s subdivision and PUD processes, establishing the approved development pattern and site layout for the apartment area.
In 2024, the applicant elected to merge the six approved preliminary plat lots within Phases 5 and 6 into a single lot at final plat, creating one consolidated lot for construction and site development purposes. The apartment buildings, internal circulation, parking areas, utilities, and
shared facilities were constructed or initiated in reliance on the previously approved site layout
and lot configuration, which had already been reviewed and approved through the City’s site review and subdivision processes. The purpose of the current Major Preliminary Plat application is to re-establish subdivision lot
lines within the previously consolidated lot, dividing it into three (3) multi-family lots. This
request is being made solely to satisfy lender and financing requirements and to align lot boundaries with the approved site layout and building footprints. Importantly, the proposed lot lines were originally reviewed and approved as part of the earlier site review and subdivision approvals, and no new development entitlements are being requested.
2
The proposed preliminary plat subdivides approximately 11.91 acres into three (3) multi-family lots, all intended exclusively for apartment development and consistent with the approved
Bloomstone PUD. The proposed lot configuration corresponds with the approved building
locations, internal circulation, parking areas, utility infrastructure, and shared facilities serving the apartment development. No changes to land use, density, access points, or infrastructure standards are proposed as part of this request.
The subdivision layout continues the development pattern, internal street network, and utility
extensions established through earlier Bloomstone approvals. All public and private infrastructure improvements remain subject to the Kalispell Standards for Design and Construction and City engineering review prior to final plat recordation.
Overall, this application represents a platting action intended to support financing of a previously
approved development, rather than the introduction of a new development pattern. The Bloomstone Apartments Major Preliminary Plat builds directly upon prior City approvals and advances the orderly implementation of the approved Bloomstone Planned Unit Development in a manner consistent with City zoning regulations, subdivision regulations, and the adopted
Growth Policy. A: Applicant Kalispell National Multifamily, LLC c/o Whipple Consulting Engineers Attn: Ryan M. Andrade, P.E.
21 S. Pines Road
Spokane Valley, WA 99206
B: Location: The subject property is located at 1145 Treeline Road, within the City of Kalispell, Flathead County, Montana, and lies within the City’s established urban service area. The property is surrounded by existing and planned residential development supported by municipal infrastructure and public services.
The subject property is legally described in full within the application materials and associated survey documents submitted with the preliminary plat. The property is located in the Southwest Quarter of Section 36, Township 29 North, Range 22 West, Principal Meridian, Flathead County, Montana, and contains approximately 11.91 acres, more particularly described in the recorded
legal description included with the application, subject to all easements, covenants, conditions,
restrictions, and rights-of-way of record.
3
C: Existing Land Use and Zoning: The subject property is currently undeveloped and constitutes a portion of the approved Bloomstone Planned Unit Development (PUD), which is
being implemented through multiple phases. The property is zoned R-4 (Residential) with a
Planned Unit Development overlay and is governed by the standards and development framework established through the approved Bloomstone PUD, together with the applicable provisions of the Kalispell Subdivision Regulations.
Surrounding properties consist primarily of existing and developing residential subdivisions,
multi-family development, and associated public rights-of-way and open-space areas within the west Kalispell urban area. Existing land use patterns in the vicinity reflect continued residential growth supported by full municipal infrastructure and public services. The proposed subdivision is consistent with the established development pattern and the land use designations identified in
the City’s adopted Growth Policy for this area.
4
D: Size: The Bloomstone Apartments Major Preliminary Plat encompasses
approximately 11.91 acres, as shown on the
submitted preliminary plat. E: Adjacent Zoning:
North: City of Kalispell –R-4 with
PUD, including previously approved phases of the Bloomstone Planned Unit Development East: City of Kalispell R-4 PUD,
with limited areas of P-1 (Public)
South: County, City of Kalispell including roadway rights-of-way along Four Mile Drive West: City of Kalispell – R-4/PUD
(Residential) and transportation-related
rights-of-way associated with the U.S. Highway 93 Alternate Route (Bypass) F: Adjacent Land Uses: Adjacent
land uses consist primarily of existing and
developing residential uses, including single-family neighborhoods and multi-family projects within the approved Bloomstone Planned Unit Development (PUD). Kidsports athletic facilities are located to the east, providing recreational and community-
oriented uses adjacent to the project area.
Transportation-related land uses are located to the west, including the U.S. Highway 93 Alternate Route (Bypass), which forms a major regional transportation corridor. To the east, U.S. Highway 93 is accessed via Four Mile Drive, which provides a primary east–
west connection between the Bloomstone development area and the broader City street
network. The surrounding area is characterized by continued residential growth, established recreational uses, and major transportation infrastructure, supported by the ongoing
extension of municipal services and public infrastructure. This land use pattern is
consistent with the City of Kalispell’s west-side development pattern and the land use direction identified in the adopted Growth Policy.
5
G: General Land Use Character: The surrounding area is in an active
period of transition from vacant or
partially developed land to a cohesive urban residential neighborhood supported by full municipal infrastructure and public services.
Existing and developing land uses in
the vicinity are predominantly residential in nature and reflect the City of Kalispell’s west-side growth pattern.
The approved Bloomstone Planned
Unit Development (PUD) establishes a coordinated residential development framework that incorporates an interconnected network of local public
streets, pedestrian facilities, utility
infrastructure, and designated open-space and common areas. This development pattern is consistent with adopted City standards and supports
orderly urban expansion through
integrated neighborhood design and phased implementation. Overall, the land use character of the area reflects planned residential growth consistent
with the Kalispell Growth Policy, which anticipates the extension of urban development
within City limits in areas capable of being efficiently served by public infrastructure and municipal services. H: Relation to the Growth Policy: The Kalispell Growth Policy – Plan It 2035 designates
the subject property as High Density Residential, a land use classification intended to
accommodate higher-density residential development supported by full municipal services and infrastructure. Areas designated High Density Residential are located within City limits and are intended to support multi-family development in proximity to major transportation corridors, employment centers, and urban services.
The Bloomstone Apartments Major Preliminary Plat encompasses approximately 11.91 acres within the approved Bloomstone Planned Unit Development (PUD) and is proposed for multi-family apartment development consistent with prior City approvals. The apartment component of the Bloomstone development was previously approved for 288
dwelling units, and the current preliminary plat does not propose an increase in the
approved unit count.
6
Based on the approved unit count and project acreage, the development results in an overall residential density of approximately 8.2 dwelling units per acre established for the
PUD as a whole. This level of density is consistent with, and anticipated by, the High
Density Residential designation in the Growth Policy which contemplates up to 20 units per acre, including multi-family development served by public water, sanitary sewer, roadway infrastructure, emergency services, and other urban facilities.
The proposed preliminary plat implements the development pattern established through
the approved Bloomstone Planned Unit Development, continues development within the City’s urban service area, utilizes existing and planned public infrastructure, and supports a coordinated and phased residential build-out consistent with the adopted Growth Policy land use map and policies.
7
I: Availability of Public Services and Extension of Services:
Sewer: City of Kalispell
Water: City of Kalispell Refuse: City of Kalispell Electricity: Flathead Electric Cooperative Gas: NorthWestern Energy
Telephone: Lumen
Schools: West Valley Elementary(District 1); Glacier High School Fire: City of Kalispell (Station 62) Police: City of Kalispell
I. REVIEW AND FINDINGS OF FACT FOR THE MAJOR PRELIMINARY PLAT
8
SITE CONDITIONS AND INFRASTRUCTURE LAYOUT The Bloomstone Apartments project site consists of generally level to gently sloping terrain typical of urban development areas in west Kalispell. The site has been previously disturbed through earlier phases of the approved Bloomstone Planned Unit Development
(PUD) and surrounding urban development. Based on the materials submitted with the
application, no jurisdictional wetlands, surface waters, or flood hazard areas are located within the preliminary plat boundaries. The proposed preliminary plat and associated grading concepts are designed to
accommodate existing site conditions while meeting City standards for roadway design,
drainage, and lot development. Streets, lots, and utility corridors are arranged within the approved Bloomstone PUD framework to provide safe access, appropriate transitions between public rights-of-way and buildable areas, and efficient service by public infrastructure. All public infrastructure improvements will be subject to detailed
engineering review to verify compliance with the Kalispell Standards for Design and
Construction.
9
A. Effects on Health and Safety:
Fire: Fire protection will be provided by the City of Kalispell Fire Department.
Emergency access is provided through the internal street network and approved connections to the broader Bloomstone development and City street system. Final hydrant placement, water system configuration, and available fire flow will be reviewed and approved by the Fire Department during engineering and building permit review to
ensure compliance with applicable fire code requirements.
Flooding: The portion of the subject property proposed for development is located entirely outside the FEMA-designated 100-year floodplain, as shown on the Flood Insurance Rate Maps (DFIRM Panels 30029C1805J and 30029C1815J, effective
November 4, 2015). No mapped flood hazard areas encroach upon the Bloomstone
Apartments preliminary plat area. The submitted application materials confirm that no flood-prone or hydrologically influenced areas are located within the proposed lots or internal roadway network.
Existing site topography provides adequate separation between the developable area and
any off-site flood hazard areas. Accordingly, the proposed subdivision complies with applicable floodplain and land suitability requirements of the Kalispell Subdivision Regulations.
Access: Access to the Bloomstone Apartments subdivision will be provided via Treeline
Road and Four Mile Drive, consistent with the approved Bloomstone Planned Unit Development and the City street network. Treeline Road provides north–south access through the development and connects directly to Four Mile Drive, which functions as a primary east–west corridor and provides access to both the U.S. Highway 93 Bypass
interchange and U.S. Highway 93.
The proposed circulation system provides for vehicular, pedestrian, and emergency access in accordance with City standards. Final access design, internal circulation, and pedestrian connectivity will be reviewed and approved through the City’s engineering
and permitting processes.
Topography, Geology, and Soils: A geotechnical investigation for the Bloomstone Apartments was prepared by Slopeside Engineering, LLC, originally dated April 2022 and subsequently updated in May 2023. A geotechnical validation memorandum
prepared by Whipple Consulting Engineers, Inc., dated December 16, 2025, confirms that
the findings and recommendations of the geotechnical investigation remain valid and applicable to the proposed Bloomstone Apartments Major Preliminary Plat. The geotechnical investigation indicates that site soils and subsurface conditions are
suitable for multi-family residential development when construction is completed in
accordance with the geotechnical recommendations, approved engineering plans, and applicable building codes. Seasonal groundwater fluctuations may be present during
10
wetter periods; however, the report concludes that development is feasible provided the recommended design and construction measures are incorporated into the final plans.
Detailed compliance with the geotechnical recommendations, including foundation design, grading, drainage, and site-specific construction measures, will be reviewed and verified through the City’s engineering review and building permit processes.
Lands Unsuitable for Subdivision: The subdivision does not contain any hazards listed
under Section 28.3.03 of the Subdivision Regulations that cannot be eliminated or mitigated by approved design and construction plans. Noise: When a residential development abuts an existing major arterial, such as the U.S.
Highway 93 Bypass, that is capable of generating noise levels in excess of 60 dBA, noise
mitigation measures are required in accordance with applicable City standards. The regulations allow for a variety of noise mitigation techniques, including but not limited to sound walls, berms, building orientation, and architectural design measures.
Noise mitigation requirements for the Bloomstone development were previously
evaluated and established through the approved Bloomstone Planned Unit Development (PUD) and the Major Preliminary Plat approval for Phases 3 through 6, which included conditions requiring mitigation of highway noise impacts. Those conditions were supported by a sound study previously submitted by the applicant and accepted by the
City, and they established the applicable performance standard of 60 dBA.
The approved findings and conditions for the Phase 3–6 preliminary plat required that noise mitigation be provided along the Highway 93 Bypass frontage, extending from the southern end of the property to the northern end of Bloomstone Phase 1A-West, and
addressed the timing of installation of those improvements in relation to development.
Portions of the required noise mitigation have been constructed as part of earlier phases of the project. For the Bloomstone Apartments, any remaining noise mitigation necessary to achieve
compliance with the 60 dBA standard shall be identified through a sound study and
implemented in coordination with development of the apartment site and adjoining frontage areas, consistent with the previously approved mitigation framework. The sound study shall be submitted and reviewed as part of site plan and/or building permit review, as applicable, and shall demonstrate that exterior noise levels are reduced to no more than
60 dBA at applicable lot lines or building locations.
The design and placement of required noise mitigation measures shall be subject to review and approval by the City of Kalispell through the applicable development review process. The requirement for noise mitigation applies regardless of plat configuration and
is tied to achievement of the applicable noise standard.
11
B. Effects on Wildlife and Wildlife Habitat:
The Bloomstone Apartments project area consists of previously disturbed land within an
urbanizing portion of west Kalispell. The site has been subject to prior grading, adjacent subdivision development, and the extension of public infrastructure associated with the approved Bloomstone Planned Unit Development (PUD). No wetlands, riparian corridors, or surface water features are located within the preliminary plat boundaries.
Based on available information, the site does not contain mapped big-game winter range, wildlife movement corridors, or other regionally significant wildlife habitat. Existing site conditions, including maintained grasses, limited woody vegetation, and surrounding residential and infrastructure development, provide minimal habitat value and function
primarily as incidental edge habitat rather than core wildlife habitat.
The surrounding land-use pattern further limits wildlife use of the site. The property is bordered by existing and approved residential development, public roadways, and urban infrastructure, which constrains habitat connectivity and wildlife movement through the
area. The site does not serve as an identified movement corridor or habitat linkage.
The proposed subdivision is not expected to result in adverse impacts to wildlife populations or regional movement patterns. Short-term construction-related effects will be minimized through standard best management practices, including erosion control,
dust control, and site stabilization. Landscaping and any common or open-space areas
will reflect typical urban residential conditions and do not conflict with mapped wildlife priorities. Based on the site’s existing disturbance, urban context, and lack of identified wildlife
constraints, the proposal is consistent with the Kalispell Growth Policy direction for
orderly urban residential development within the City’s established service area. C. Effects on the Natural Environment:
Topography, Geology, and Soils: The Bloomstone Apartments project area consists of
generally level to gently sloping terrain typical of urban development areas in west Kalispell. Existing site conditions reflect prior grading and subdivision activity associated with earlier Bloomstone phases and surrounding residential development. Slopes within the preliminary plat boundaries fall within allowable limits under the Kalispell
Subdivision Regulations and do not present constraints to subdivision or multi-family
residential development. A geotechnical investigation submitted with the application indicates that site soils and subsurface conditions are suitable for development when constructed in accordance with
approved engineering plans and applicable building codes. No unstable soils, geologic
hazards, or slope instability conditions have been identified that would restrict development under the proposed layout. All grading, roadway construction, and utility
12
installation will be subject to engineering review to ensure compliance with City standards.
Surface and Groundwater: The subdivision will be served by the City of Kalispell public water and sanitary sewer systems, eliminating the need for individual wells or on-site wastewater treatment and minimizing the potential for groundwater impacts. Based on the submitted materials, no surface waters, wetlands, or riparian environments are located
within the preliminary plat boundaries, and the site is not located within a FEMA-
designated floodplain. Available geotechnical information indicates that seasonal groundwater fluctuations may occur, particularly during wet periods; however, the geotechnical investigation concludes
that site conditions are suitable for multi-family residential development provided
construction occurs in accordance with the geotechnical recommendations and approved engineering plans. Final grading, foundation design, and utility construction will be reviewed through the City’s engineering and building permit processes to ensure compliance with applicable standards and geotechnical recommendations.
Drainage: Stormwater runoff will be managed in accordance with the Kalispell Standards for Design and Construction, applicable Montana Department of Environmental Quality requirements, and City MS4 regulations. Streets and paved areas will include curb and gutter where required and will direct runoff to engineered stormwater facilities designed
to collect, treat, detain, and convey stormwater at controlled rates.
Final stormwater design, including facility sizing, discharge rates, maintenance access, and long-term operation, will be reviewed and approved by the Kalispell Public Works Department prior to construction. Long-term operation and maintenance of stormwater
facilities and associated common areas will be addressed through recorded maintenance
provisions. At the time of final plat, the applicant may be required to execute a waiver of the right to protest the formation of a stormwater improvement district (SID), if determined necessary by the City, to ensure continued operation and maintenance of stormwater infrastructure.
An erosion and sediment control plan will be submitted for review and approval prior to construction. Construction activities will comply with City MS4 requirements and applicable state water quality standards, and disturbed areas will be stabilized and revegetated in accordance with approved plans.
Wetland and Watercourse Setbacks: Pursuant to §§28.3.06 and 28.3.07 of the Kalispell Subdivision Regulations, minimum setbacks are required from delineated wetlands and watercourses. Based on the submitted materials and site analysis, no wetlands or watercourses subject to these setback requirements are located within the preliminary plat
boundaries.
Topsoil and Erosion: The site does not exhibit characteristics associated with significant erosion hazards or slope instability. During construction, erosion and sediment control
13
measures will be implemented in accordance with an approved erosion and sediment control plan. Final site stabilization and revegetation will be completed in compliance
with City standards and approved plans.
D. Effects on Local Services: Water: Water service for the Bloomstone Apartments subdivision will be provided by the
City of Kalispell through connection to the municipal water system serving the
Bloomstone Planned Unit Development and surrounding urban development. Internal water distribution facilities will be extended and looped in accordance with the Kalispell Standards for Design and Construction.
Final water system design, including main sizing, system looping, hydrant placement,
and available fire flow, will be reviewed and approved by the Kalispell Public Works Department and the Kalispell Fire Department during engineering plan review. Municipal water service in this area is available to accommodate urban residential and multi-family development. Any required system improvements will be identified through the
engineering review process.
Consistent with the Kalispell Subdivision Regulations, any applicable water rights associated with the property shall be addressed prior to final plat approval. Based on the submitted materials, no irrigation or surface-water rights have been identified for the
subject property.
Sewer: Sanitary sewer service will be provided by the City of Kalispell through extensions of the municipal gravity sewer system. Sewer mains will be designed and constructed in accordance with City standards and connected to the existing collection
system. Final sewer design will be reviewed and approved through the City’s engineering
review process. The City’s wastewater system has capacity to serve urban residential development in this area. Access and Roads: Access to the subdivision will be provided through approved internal
and external access points consistent with the Bloomstone Planned Unit Development
and the City street network. The proposed circulation system provides adequate vehicular, pedestrian, and emergency access in compliance with the Kalispell Subdivision Regulations and applicable City standards. The development is served by Treeline Road and Four Mile Drive, which provide connections to the U.S. Highway 93 Bypass
interchange and U.S. Highway 93.
Pursuant to §28.3.25 of the Kalispell Subdivision Regulations, a waiver of the right to protest the formation of a Special Improvement District (SID) for future roadway improvements may be required at the time of final plat, if determined necessary by the
City.
Traffic: Traffic generated by the Bloomstone Apartments consists primarily of residential trips associated with multi-family development previously approved as part of the
14
Bloomstone Planned Unit Development (PUD). Traffic impacts for the overall Bloomstone development have been evaluated through multiple prior traffic studies,
including the Traffic Impact Study (TIS) prepared by A2Z Engineering dated January 30,
2024, and subsequent review memoranda prepared by Whipple Consulting Engineers, Inc. These materials certified that the findings remain valid and applicable to the current Major Preliminary Plat request.
The approved traffic studies evaluated full buildout of the Bloomstone PUD, including
the apartment units now platted under this application. The studies analyzed existing, opening year, five-year, and ten-year horizon conditions and identified mitigation measures necessary to ensure that traffic operations within the study area would maintain or improve acceptable Levels of Service (LOS) at impacted intersections.
Required mitigation measures identified and incorporated through prior approvals include, but are not limited to:
• Construction of internal collector and local street networks to distribute site traffic
and minimize congestion at external access points;
• Design and construction of Treeline Road as a collector street to accommodate project traffic volumes;
• Provision of turn lanes, lane transitions, and intersection configurations of Four Mile Drive and Treeline Rd. consistent with Montana Department of Transportation (MDT) and City standards;
• Phased infrastructure installation tied to development timing to ensure adequate capacity as buildout occurs; and
• Coordination with the City and MDT regarding long-term intersection improvements as surrounding development occurs. A validation memorandum dated December 16, 2025, prepared by Whipple Consulting Engineers, Inc., confirms that the findings, assumptions, and mitigation conclusions of
the approved traffic studies remain accurate and applicable, and that no new or supplemental traffic analysis is required for the Bloomstone Apartments Major Preliminary Plat. The proposed Major Preliminary Plat does not increase the number of dwelling units
previously analyzed, does not modify the approved land use mix, and does not introduce new or modified external access points beyond those contemplated under the approved PUD. As a result, the subdivision does not create new traffic impacts and does not trigger the need for a new or amended Traffic Impact Study under the Kalispell Subdivision
Regulations or City traffic impact analysis standards.
15
Any remaining traffic-related improvements required to ensure that traffic operations associated with the Bloomstone Planned Unit Development maintain or improve
acceptable Levels of Service and comply with City of Kalispell standards, as evaluated
and approved through the previously accepted Traffic Impact Studies and associated mitigation measures, shall be implemented through the City’s engineering review process in accordance with the approved PUD, adopted conditions of approval, and the Kalispell Standards for Design and Construction.
Schools: The property is located within the applicable school district boundaries serving the Kalispell area. Residential development within Bloomstone Phases 5 and 6 is anticipated to generate additional students consistent with high-density, multi-family residential development patterns. Based on a conservative planning estimate of 0.5
students per dwelling unit, the proposed development of 288 multi-family units is
expected to generate approximately 144 students. Pursuant to §76-3-608(1), MCA, subdivision approval may not be denied based solely on impacts to educational services. Affected school districts have been notified in
accordance with statutory requirements.
Police Protection: Police services will be provided by the Kalispell Police Department. The subdivision is located within the City limits and established police service area. Routine patrol services will extend to the site as development occurs. The proposal is not
expected to create unusual demands on police services.
Fire Protection: Fire protection services will be provided by the City of Kalispell Fire Department, with primary response from Fire Station 62. Fire Station 62 is located approximately 2.0 road miles from the project site, providing timely emergency response
consistent with City standards for urban residential development.
The subdivision will be served by public streets designed to accommodate emergency vehicles. Fire flow availability, hydrant spacing, emergency access geometry, and water system looping will be reviewed and approved by the Fire Department during the
engineering and building permit review processes to ensure compliance with applicable
fire codes and City standards. Parks and Recreation: Parkland dedication requirements for the Bloomstone Planned Unit Development (PUD) were established and addressed through prior City approvals at the
master planning and subdivision levels. The overall Bloomstone development was
required to provide a minimum of 17.07 acres of parkland, which has been satisfied through a combination of dedicated parkland, trail systems, and recreational amenities constructed as part of earlier phases of the project.
Single-family and townhouse components of the Bloomstone development were
reviewed and approved with traditional parkland dedication, including neighborhood parks, trail connections, and open space areas designed to serve those housing types.
16
These improvements were implemented through earlier subdivision phases and remain part of the approved PUD framework.
The Bloomstone Apartments Major Preliminary Plat differs from the single-family phases in that recreational needs for the multi-family component are intended to be met primarily through on-site common recreational amenities, rather than additional land dedication. These amenities include shared indoor and outdoor common areas designed to
provide recreational, gathering, and open space opportunities for apartment residents,
consistent with standard multi-family development practices and the approved PUD. Recreational amenities serving the apartment development are reviewed and approved through the site plan and building permit process, where the design, location, and
functionality of the amenities are evaluated to ensure they adequately serve the residents
of the development. This approach is consistent with how recreational requirements for multi-family development were reviewed and approved in earlier Bloomstone phases. Final verification of compliance with applicable parkland dedication and recreational
amenity requirements for the Bloomstone Apartments will occur at the time of the
certificate of occupancy for the buildings, subject to review and approval by the Parks and Recreation Department. Areas that are permanently wet, excessively sloped, inaccessible, or that function solely as stormwater facilities shall not be credited toward parkland dedication requirements.
Maintenance responsibility for all common recreational amenities and any associated parkland areas shall be clearly identified through recorded documents. Consistent with City standards, a waiver of the right to protest the formation of a park maintenance district may be required at final plat to ensure long-term maintenance of recreational
amenities in the event that property owner or association maintenance obligations are not
met. Solid Waste: Solid waste collection and disposal will be provided by the City of Kalispell. The subdivision is located within the City’s established service area and will be
incorporated into regular collection routes. Existing City and regional landfill facilities
are available to serve the development. Medical Services: Medical services are available from Logan Health Medical Center and associated clinics within the Kalispell area. Logan Health Medical Center is located
approximately 3.5 road miles from the project site, providing convenient access to
emergency and routine medical care. Emergency medical response is provided by the City of Kalispell Fire Department, with advanced life support and air ambulance service available through ALERT for critical-
care transport when required.
17
E. Effects on Agriculture and Agricultural Water User Facilities:
The subject property has not been in active agricultural production for an extended period
of time and is located within the City of Kalispell’s established urban service area. The surrounding area has transitioned to urban residential development through the approved Bloomstone Planned Unit Development (PUD) and other nearby residential projects. Municipal water, sewer, fire, and police services are available to serve the site.
The Kalispell Growth Policy – Plan It 2035 directs urban development to areas within City limits and established service areas in order to accommodate growth efficiently and reduce pressure on agricultural lands outside the urban growth boundary. The proposed subdivision is consistent with this policy direction.
Based on the materials submitted with the application, no active agricultural operations, agricultural water user facilities, irrigation systems, or ditch infrastructure have been identified on the subject property. No agricultural water rights have been identified as being associated with the parcel. As proposed, the subdivision will not interfere with
irrigation deliveries, ditch company operations, or agricultural water-user easements.
Based on the site’s location within the City, its existing urban context, and the absence of identified agricultural operations or water-user facilities, the proposed subdivision is not expected to result in adverse impacts to agricultural operations or agricultural water user
facilities.
F. Relation to the Growth Policy: The subject property is designated High Density Residential under the Kalispell Growth
Policy – Plan It 2035. High Density Residential areas are intended to accommodate
higher-density housing types, including multi-family residential development such as apartments and condominiums, in locations served by full municipal services. This designation is generally applied to areas within City limits that are appropriate for more intensive residential development due to proximity to arterial roadways, existing
infrastructure capacity, and access to public services and facilities.
High Density Residential designations are intended to support efficient land use, compact development patterns, and coordinated infrastructure investment while providing a range of housing options within the community.
Based on the approved unit count and project acreage, the development results in an overall residential density of approximately 8.2 dwelling units per acre established for the PUD as a whole. This level of density is consistent with, and anticipated by, the High Density Residential designation in the Growth Policy which contemplates up to 20 units
per acre, including multi-family development served by public water, sanitary sewer,
roadway infrastructure, emergency services, and other urban facilities.
18
The proposed multi-family residential development is compatible with surrounding residential uses and complies with the land use framework, density assumptions, and
development entitlements previously approved for the Bloomstone PUD. The property is
located within the City’s established service area and is served by existing and planned municipal utilities, roadway infrastructure, and emergency services. Development of the site directs residential growth to an area already served by public infrastructure and avoids the extension of development into areas lacking urban services.
The proposed preliminary plat continues implementation of the internal circulation system, access framework, and infrastructure extensions established through earlier Bloomstone approvals, supporting Growth Policy objectives related to coordinated neighborhood development, connectivity, efficient infrastructure investment, and
compact high-density residential growth.
Based on the foregoing, the Bloomstone Apartments Major Preliminary Plat is consistent with the Kalispell Growth Policy – Plan It 2035 and supports planned high-density residential development within the City in accordance with adopted land use designations
and long-range community objectives.
G. Compliance with Zoning: The subject property is zoned R-4 PUD (Residential – Planned Unit Development) under
the Kalispell Zoning Ordinance and is governed by the Bloomstone Planned Unit
Development (PUD). Development of the site is subject to the standards, density, land use framework, and development entitlements established through the PUD, together with applicable provisions of the Kalispell Zoning Ordinance.
The Bloomstone Apartments Major Preliminary Plat is consistent with the zoning and
PUD framework. The proposed subdivision layout, lot configuration, internal circulation, access provisions, and overall development pattern conform to the development standards and design parameters authorized under the Bloomstone PUD. The proposed lots are intended for multi-family residential development, a use permitted under the PUD.
No zoning variances, conditional use permits, or deviations from the approved
Bloomstone PUD standards are requested as part of this application. Compliance with applicable zoning requirements, including building setbacks, height, parking, landscaping, and site design standards, will be reviewed and verified through the City’s engineering and building permit processes.
Based on the materials submitted, the proposed subdivision complies with the zoning regulations applicable to the property. H. Compliance with the Kalispell Subdivision Regulations:
The proposed Bloomstone Apartments Major Preliminary Plat complies with the applicable provisions of the Kalispell Subdivision Regulations. The preliminary plat meets the standards governing major subdivisions, including requirements related to lot
19
configuration, access, circulation, infrastructure planning, and the orderly extension of public utilities, as set forth in the Kalispell Subdivision Regulations. The subdivision
layout provides for adequate access, internal circulation, and utility infrastructure
consistent with City standards and the approved Bloomstone Planned Unit Development (PUD). All required public and private improvements will be designed, reviewed, and constructed in accordance with the Kalispell Standards for Design and Construction through the City’s engineering review and approval processes.
No variances or deviations from the Kalispell Subdivision Regulations are requested as part of this application. Based on the materials submitted, the proposed subdivision complies with the Kalispell Subdivision Regulations.
RECOMMENDATION Staff recommends that the Kalispell City Planning Commission adopt Staff Report #KPP-25-06 as findings of fact and recommend to the Kalispell City Council that the Bloomstone Apartments Major Preliminary Plat be approved, subject to the conditions of approval listed below.
CONDITIONS OF APPROVAL 1. The subdivision shall be developed in substantial compliance with the application materials submitted, the site plan, the approved preliminary plat, supporting documents,
and other specifications. (Ref: §28.2.06, Kalispell Subdivision Regulations)
2. Approval of the preliminary plat shall be valid for a period of three (3) years from the date of approval unless an extension is granted in accordance with the Kalispell Subdivision Regulations. (Ref: §28.2.06(E)(7) Kalispell Subdivision Regulations)
3. The developer shall submit to the Kalispell Public Works Department for review and approval a storm water report and an engineered drainage plan that meets the requirements of the current city standards for design and construction. An offsite downstream analysis shall be completed if required. Prior to final plat, a certification
shall be submitted to the Public Works Department stating that the drainage plan for the
subdivision has been installed as designed and approved. (Sections 28.3.17 and 28.3.05 Kalispell Subdivision Regulations) 4. The developer shall submit to the Kalispell Public Works Department prior to
construction an erosion/sediment control plan for review and approval and a copy of all
documents submitted to Montana Department of Environmental Quality for the General Permit for Storm Water Discharge Associated with Construction Activities. (Section 28.3.18 Kalispell Subdivision Regulations)
5. The developer shall submit water and sanitary sewer plans, applicable specifications, and
design reports to the Kalispell Public Works Department and the Montana Department of Environmental Quality for concurrent review, with approval of both required prior to construction. (Sections 28.2.14 and 28.3.20 Kalispell Subdivision Regulations)
20
6. New infrastructure required to serve the subdivision shall be designed and constructed in
accordance with the City of Kalispell’s Standards for Design and Construction. All
design work shall be reviewed and approved in writing by the Kalispell Public Works Department prior to construction. This infrastructure shall include but not be limited to streets, street lighting, street signage, curb, gutter, boulevard and sidewalks. (Section 28.3.16 Kalispell Subdivision Regulations)
7. Water and sewer main extensions shall be designed and constructed in accordance with the City of Kalispell’s Standards for Design and Construction and in compliance with the city’s facilities update and extensions of services plans. The water and sewer main extension plans shall be reviewed and approved by the Kalispell Public Works
Department. Prior to final plat, a certification shall be submitted to the Public Works
Department stating that the water and sewer mains have been built and tested as designed and approved. (Section 28.3.20 Kalispell Subdivision Regulations) 8. Any water rights associated with the property shall be transferred to the City of Kalispell.
(Section 28.3.08 Kalispell Subdivision Regulations)
9. The developer shall submit the street design to the Kalispell Public Works Department for review and approval prior to construction. Street designs shall meet the city standards for design and construction. (Section 28.3.14 Kalispell Subdivision Regulations)
10. Prior to final plat, a letter from the Kalispell Public Works Department shall be submitted stating that all new infrastructure has been accepted by the City of Kalispell, any private infrastructure has been constructed per city standards, and a proper bond has been accepted for unfinished work. (Section 28.3.01 Kalispell Subdivision Regulations)
11. All existing and proposed easements shall be indicated on the face of the final plat. Utility easements for city water and sewer shall be provided to allow for the logical extension of utilities from this subdivision to adjoining properties. A letter from the Kalispell Public Works Department shall be obtained stating that the required easements
are being shown on the final plat. (Section 28.3.21 Kalispell Subdivision Regulations)
12. Any recommendations in the Geotech report shall be followed. (Section 28.3.10 Kalispell Subdivision Regulations)
13. Pursuant to Section 28.3.21 of the Kalispell Subdivision Regulations, the following
statement shall appear on the final plat: "The undersigned hereby grants unto each and
every person, firm or corporation, whether public or private, providing or offering to provide telephone, telegraph, electric power, gas, cable television, water or sewer service to the public, the right to the joint use of an easement for the construction, maintenance,
repair, and removal of their lines and other facilities, in, over, under, and across each
area designated on this plat as "Utility Easement" to have and to hold forever." ________________________________ Developer’s Signature
21
14. Prior to filing the final plat, a letter from the US Postal Service shall be included stating
the Service has reviewed and approved of the design and location of the mail delivery
site. The mail delivery site shall be installed or bonded for prior to final plat. In addition, the mail delivery site and improvements shall also be included in the preliminary and final engineering plans to be reviewed by the Public Works Department. The mail delivery site shall not impact a sidewalk or proposed boulevard area. (Section 28.3.24
Kalispell Subdivision Regulations)
15. A property owners’ association shall be formed and established to provide for the maintenance of the common areas, including, but not necessarily limited to, roads, parks and open space. (Sections 28.3.22 and 28.3.17 Kalispell Subdivision Regulations)
16. A letter from the Kalispell Fire Department approving the access, placement of the fire hydrants and fire flows within the subdivision shall be submitted prior to final plat. (Section 28.3.14 Kalispell Subdivision Regulations)
17. A letter shall be obtained from the Parks and Recreation Director approving a landscape
plan for the placement of trees and landscaping materials within the landscape boulevards of the streets serving the subdivision, common area, and adjoining rights-of-way. (Section 28.3.14, Subdivision Regulations)
18. Prior to final plat, a letter from the Kalispell Parks Department shall be submitted
showing that the parkland dedication requirement for this phase has been met. (Section 28.3.22 Kalispell Subdivision Regulations) 19. A note shall be placed on the final plat indicating a waiver of the right to protest creation
of a park maintenance district. This district shall only be activated in the event that the
property owners’ association defaults on their park and open space amenity conditions. The assessments levied within the maintenance district shall be determined by the Parks and Recreation Department with approvals by the Kalispell City Council. (Section 28.3.17 Kalispell Subdivision Regulations)
20. A note shall be placed on the final plat indicating a waiver of the right to protest creation of a stormwater maintenance district. This district shall only be activated in the event that the property owner(s) default on the maintenance of the approved stormwater facilities. The assessments levied within the maintenance district shall be determined by the Public
Works Department with approvals by the Kalispell City Council. (Section 28.3.25
Kalispell Subdivision Regulations) 21. Section 28.3.25 of the subdivision regulations requires a waiver of the right to protest a Special Improvement District (“SID”) for roadway improvements in adjacent areas. On
the face of the final plat, there shall be a note stating:
“The owners hereby waive the right to protest the creation of an SID for the purpose of
financing improvements to area roads which will specifically benefit this subdivision.” (Section 28.3.11 Kalispell Subdivision Regulations)
22
22. A minimum of two-thirds of the necessary infrastructure for the subdivision shall be
completed prior to final plat submittal. (Section 28.3.21 Kalispell Subdivision
Regulations) 23. All utilities shall be installed underground and in locations that are approved by the Kalispell Public Works Department in accordance with the Kalispell Standards for
Design and Construction. (Sections 28.3.02 and 28.3.18 Kalispell Subdivision
Regulations) 24. All areas disturbed during development shall be re-vegetated with a weed-free mix immediately after development. (Sections 28.3.02 and 28.3.18 Kalispell Subdivision
Regulations)
25. Required mitigation measures identified in the Traffic Impact Study (TIS) and including the provision for turn lanes, lane transitions, and intersection configurations of Four Mile Drive and Treeline Rd. shall be completed consistent with Montana Department of
Transportation (MDT) and City standards. (Ref: §28.3.14 and §28.3.16, Kalispell
Subdivision Regulations; City of Kalispell Standards for Design and Construction; MDT Access Management and Design Standards) 26. Mid-block pedestrian crossings, if proposed, shall be reviewed and approved by the
Kalispell Public Works Department. If approved, such crossings shall be designed to
include any additional traffic control measures deemed necessary by Public Works to ensure pedestrian and vehicular safety, in accordance with City standards. (Ref: §§28.3.14 and 28.3.25, Kalispell Subdivision Regulations; City of Kalispell Standards for Design and Construction)
27. Access to public streets shall be limited to the locations shown on the approved preliminary plat and engineering plans. No additional access points or driveways shall be permitted without review and approval by the Kalispell Public Works Department.(Ref: §28.3.14, Kalispell Subdivision Regulations; City of Kalispell Standards for Design and
Construction)
28. Prior to final plat, all noise mitigation required to reduce the sound level to 60 dBA shall be installed as detailed in the submitted noise study. (Sec 28.3.09, Kalispell Subdivision Regulations)
A
s
h
l
e
y
Creek
Ditch
XavierRd U S Hig h w a y 9 3 A lt
93
Stillwater
Rd
Four Mile Dr
B
l
u
e
b
e
ll
R
d
US
Highway
93
Alt
6
93
A
s
hle
y
C
r
e
e
k
Ditc
h
Treeline
Rd
Four Mile Dr
Foxglove
Dr
BluebellRd
R-3
Residential
R-4/PUD
Residential
With Pud
RA-1
Residential
Apartment
R-3/PUD
Residential
With Pud
R-4
Residential
P-1 Public
B-1/PUD
Neighborhood
Business With Pud
RA-1/PUD
Residential
Apartment With Pud
RA-1/PUD
Residential
Apartment
Subject
Parcel
Data Sources:
Montana Cadastral,Flathead County GIS
City of Kalispell GIS,
Austin Bachurski -
0 310 620 930155Feet¯
Subject Parcel
B-1 Neighborhood Business w/ PUD
P-1 Public
R-3 Residential
R-3 Residential w/PUD
R-4 Residential
R-4 Residential w/PUD
RA-1 Residential Apartment
RA-1 Residential Apartment w/PUD
Basemap:
Esri Community Maps, ArcGIS.com
Kalispell Zoning
KPP-25-06-Bloomstone
January 8, 2026
A
s
h
l
e
y
Creek
Ditch
XavierRd U S Hig h w a y 9 3 A lt
93
Stillwater
Rd
Four Mile Dr
B
l
u
e
b
e
ll
R
d
US
Highway
93
Alt
6
93
A
s
hle
y
C
r
e
e
k
Ditc
h
Treeline
Rd
Four Mile Dr
Foxglove
Dr
BluebellRd
Suburban
Residential
High Density
Residential
High Density Residential
Urban
Residential
Public Or
Openspace
Neighborhood
Commercial
Urban
Residential
Subject
Parcel
0 310 620 930155Feet
Kalispell Growth Policy
KPP-25-06-Bloomstone
Data Sources:
Montana Cadastral,Flathead County GIS
City of Kalispell GIS,
Austin Bachurski -¯
Subject Parcel
Neighborhood Commercial
High Density Residential
Urban Residential
Suburban Residential
Public/Quasi Public, Openspace
Basemap:
Esri Community Maps, ArcGIS.comJanuary 8, 2026
A
s
h
l
ey
Creek
Ditch
Xavier Rd U S Hig h w a y 9 3 A lt
93
Stillwater
Rd
Four Mile Dr
B
l
u
e
b
e
ll
R
d
US
Highway
93
Alt
6
93
Stillwater
Rd
Northridge
Way
6
A
s
hle
y
C
r
e
e
k
D
itc
h
T reelineRd
Four Mile Dr
C h a m pion Way
Foxglove
Dr
BluebellRd
Northrid
ge
Dr
Northrise
Ln
Summit Ridge Dr
MeadowVista Lo o p
0 375 750 1125187.5 Feet
Kalispell Mailing List
¯
Subject Parcel
Mailing List Parcels
Other Parcels
Basemap:
Esri Community Maps, ArcGIS.com
KPP-25-06-Bloomstone
January 8, 2026
Data Sources:
Montana Cadastral,Flathead County GIS
City of Kalispell GIS,
Austin Bachurski -
Old Reserve Dr Old Reserve Dr Old Reserve Dr
A
s
h
l
e
y
Creek
Ditch
Timberwolf PkwyStillwater
Rd
August Way
Xavier Rd
US Hig h w a y 9 3 A lt
Glacier High
School
Flathead
National Forest
Supervisor's
Office
Stillwater
Rd
US
Highway
93
Alt
6
R-4/PUD
Residential
With Pud
R-3/PUD
Residential
With Pud
R-5/PUD
Residential/Professional
Office With Pud
RA-1/PUD
Residential
Apartment
RA-1/PUD
Residential
Apartment With Pud
Subject
Parcel
Data Sources:
Montana Cadastral,Flathead County GIS
City of Kalispell GIS,
Austin Bachurski -
0 390 780 1170195Feet¯
Subject Parcel
R-3 Residential w/PUD
R-4 Residential w/PUD
R-5 Residential/Professional Office w/PUD
RA-1 Residential Apartment w/PUD
Basemap:
Esri Community Maps, ArcGIS.com
Kalispell Zoning
KPP-25-07-Starling PH5 & 6
January 9, 2026
Old Reserve Dr Old Reserve Dr Old Reserve Dr
A
s
h
l
e
y
Creek
Ditch
Timberwolf PkwyStillwater
Rd
August Way
Xavier Rd
US Hig h w a y 9 3 A lt
Glacier High
School
Flathead
National Forest
Supervisor's
Office
Stillwater
Rd
US
Highway
93
Alt
6
Urban
Mixed Use
High Density
Residential
Urban
Residential
Subject
Parcel
0 390 780 1170195Feet
Kalispell Growth Policy
KPP-25-07-Starling PH5 & 6
Data Sources:
Montana Cadastral,Flathead County GIS
City of Kalispell GIS,
Austin Bachurski -¯
Subject Parcel
Urban Mixed Use
High Density Residential
Urban Residential
Basemap:
Esri Community Maps, ArcGIS.comJanuary 9, 2026
Timberwolf PkwyStillwater
Rd
August Way
Xavier Rd
Flathead
National Forest
Supervisor's
Office
Stillwater
Rd
0 390 780 1170195Feet
Kalispell Mailing List
¯
Subject Parcel
Mailing List Parcels
Other Parcels
Basemap:
Esri Community Maps, ArcGIS.com
KPP-25-07-Starling PH5 & 6
January 9, 2026
Data Sources:
Montana Cadastral,Flathead County GIS
City of Kalispell GIS,
Austin Bachurski -
AGENDA KALISPELL CITY PLANNING COMMISSION TUESDAY, FEBRUARY 10, 2026 The public can participate in person in the Council Chambers or via videoconferencing. Please sign in 5 minutes prior to the meeting to ensure connection. https://us02web.zoom.us/webinar/register/WN_zhhjEiE3Rs2qjxZT5iXojQ
The City of Kalispell does not discriminate based on disability in its programs, services, activities, and employment
practices. Accessible parking is available at the City lot north of City Hall, and accessible restrooms are available. If you need auxiliary aids or services for effective communication or other reasonable accommodation to participate in the meeting or hearing, please contact the Development Services front desk at (406)758-7940 as soon as possible,
preferably at least two working days before the meeting date. The regular meeting of the Kalispell City Planning Commission is scheduled for Tuesday, February 10, 2026, beginning at 6:00 PM in the Kalispell City Council Chambers, Kalispell City Hall, 201 First Avenue East, Kalispell. The agenda for the meeting will be: A. Call to Order and Roll Call
B. Approval of Minutes of January 13, 2026 C. Hear the Public – The public may comment on any matter on the agenda or not on the agenda. (Comments are typically held to 3 minutes or less.) D. Public Hearing The Planning Commission will hold a public hearing and take public comments on the agenda item(s) listed below:
1. File #KPP-25-06 – Kalispell National Multifamily, LLC, has submitted an application for
preliminary plat approval to allow the subdivision of property into three (3) lots on approximately
11.911 acres, together with associated access, utilities, and infrastructure. The property is located at 1145 Treeline Road and is zoned R-4 PUD. The property was previously final platted as a single lot and is being constructed as a multi-family development. The proposed resubdivision is primarily for financing purposes.
2. File #KPP-25-07 – Starling Development, LLC has submitted an application for preliminary plat approval for Starling Phases 5 and 6, proposing 54 residential lots (36 detached single-family and 18 attached single-family/townhome lots) together with associated public streets, utilities, and infrastructure on 12.55 acres. The property is located west of Stillwater Road, between Four Mile
Drive and Old Reserve Drive, within the City of Kalispell.
3. File #KZTA-26-01 – The City of Kalispell has proposed zoning ordinance text amendments which incorporate recent changes in state law, align the ordinance with the Montana Land Use Planning
Act, and incorporate the housing strategies provided in the proposed City of Kalispell Land Use
Plan PLAN-IT 2045. E. Old Business
F. New Business G. Adjournment Next Regular Meeting: Tuesday, March 10, 2026 PARTICIPATION Documents for this meeting are available at the QR code below and will be added as they become available.
Due to occasional technical difficulties, the most reliable way to participate is through in-person attendance. Electronic means are not guaranteed. Those addressing the commission are requested to give their name and address for the record. Comments can also be sent to planning@kalispell.com. To provide public comment live, remotely, register for the video conference through zoom at:
https://us02web.zoom.us/webinar/register/WN_zhhjEiE3Rs2qjxZT5iXojQ. Please sign in at least 5 minutes prior
to the meeting to ensure connection. Raise your virtual hand to indicate you would like to provide comment. Watch Planning Commission sessions live with the agenda and supporting documents or later with documents and time stamped minutes at: https://www.kalispell.com/480/Meeting-Videos. Watch Planning Commission sessions live or later on Charter Cable Ch. 190 or via the City YouTube page at: https://www.youtube.com/@cityofkalispellmontana9632/streams.
Page 1 of 5
MONTANA LAND USE PLANNING ACT AND LEGISLATIVE UPDATE: GENERAL ZONING ORDINANCE AMENDMENT ZONING TEXT AMENDMENT - STAFF REPORT #KZTA-26-01 KALISPELL DEVELOPMENT SERVICES DEPARTMENT FEBRUARY 10, 2026 This is a report to the Kalispell City Planning Commission and the Kalispell City Council regarding a general amendment to the Kalispell Zoning Ordinance to align the ordinance with the Montana Land Use Planning Act (“MLUPA”) and the proposed City of Kalispell Land Use Plan, to implement the housing strategies detailed in the plan, and incorporate recent bills adopted by the Montana State Legislature. A public hearing has been scheduled before the Planning Commission for February 10, 2026, beginning at 6:00 PM in the Kalispell City Council Chambers. The Planning Commission will forward a recommendation to the Kalispell City Council for final action. BACKGROUND INFORMATION In January 2026, after over a year of work sessions and public outreach, the Kalispell Planning Commission recommended approval of a new land use plan for the City of Kalispell called the Kalispell Land Use Plan PLAN-IT 2045, which is currently under consideration by the City Council. The new plan was required by MLUPA, which is a new state planning statute adopted by the state legislature in 2023. MLUPA details new procedures for certain types of zoning processes and requires cities to adopt a number of specific housing strategies. The proposed zoning ordinance amendments incorporate the MLUPA requirements and the housing strategies provided for in the land use plan. Additionally, both the 2023 and 2025 legislatures adopted a number of land use bills that amended state statutes to require that cities adopt certain zoning standards as a matter of state law. The proposed zoning ordinance amendments also incorporate those new requirements. The proposed amendments are not intended to be an overall update beyond bringing the zoning ordinance into alignment with MLUPA, the land use plan, and the recent changes in state law. A: Applicant: City of Kalispell 201 First Avenue East Kalispell, MT 59901 B. Area Effected by the Proposed Changes: All property within the jurisdictional boundaries of the City of Kalispell will be affected by the proposed changes. C. Proposed Amendment: The proposed amendments are attached with both strike outs and new language, and are hereby incorporated by reference. A summary of the amendments is listed below:
Page 2 of 5
• Changing “Growth Policy” to “Land Use Plan,” including updating definitions.
• Adding language on interpreting uses and non-conforming uses in favor of the use.
• Changing “Planning Board” to “Planning Commission.”
• Adding duplexes and ADUs as permitted uses in all residential zones per a land use plan housing strategy, as well as corresponding changes on townhouse CUPs and in the ADU provisions in the ordinance.
• Changing multi-family dwellings from conditional uses to permitted uses in commercial and office zones as a housing strategy, as well as in apartment zones.
• Making group homes with 8 or fewer occupants a permitted use.
• Including single-room occupancy uses as a single-family residential use under the definitions as a housing strategy.
• Reducing minimum lot sizes by 25% per a housing strategy along with corresponding changes for minimum lot widths.
• Adjusting PUD densities to reflect changes in lot sizes and land use densities.
• Increasing heights for amateur radio antennas.
• Amending the section on manufactured and factory-built homes along with new definitions.
• Specifically including tiny houses as a housing strategy.
• Incorporating state required changes in minimum parking standards, which is also a housing strategy under the land use plan.
• Updates on the Planning Commission composition and duties.
• Incorporating state-mandated changes in amendment and appeal processes.
• Eliminating the Board of Adjustment as its functions were folded into staff and Planning Commission reviews.
• Updating process and review criteria for conditional use permits and variances.
• Updating enforcement language.
• Updating appendix tables to reflect text changes. D. Staff Discussion: As mentioned above, these amendments are intended to align the ordinance with the Montana Land Use Planning Act (“MLUPA”) and the proposed City of Kalispell Land Use Plan, to implement the housing strategies detailed in the plan, and incorporate recent bills adopted by the Montana State Legislature. EVALUATION BASED ON STATUTORY CRITERIA Historically, the statutory basis for reviewing a change in zoning has been set forth by 76-2-303, M.C.A. Findings of Fact for the zone change request are discussed relative to the itemized criteria described by 76-2-304, M.C.A. However, MLUPA provides specific review criteria to be used for zoning regulations and amendments considered under MLUPA and the prior sections will no longer apply once the city is under MLUPA. Given the transition from the criteria under the old statute to the new, both sets of criteria are addressed as part of this staff report. Sec 76-2-304, MCA, Criteria 1. Is the zoning regulation made in accordance with the growth policy? The amendments are in substantial compliance with the existing growth policy, although
Page 3 of 5
some changes relating to density reflect proposed new densities in the proposed land use plan. Otherwise, there is nothing in the proposed regulations that would be in conflict with the existing growth policy. 2. Does the zoning regulation consider the effect on motorized and nonmotorized transportation systems? The proposed amendments would not have a direct bearing on the transportation system. They are based, however, on a transportation plan incorporated into both the existing growth policy and the proposed land use plan. Proposed developments will continue to mitigate traffic impacts under city standards. 3. Is the zoning regulation designed to secure safety from fire and other dangers? Any development will continue to be required to meet building, fire, and health codes. 4. Is the zoning regulation designed to promote public health, public safety, and the general welfare? The general health, safety, and welfare of the public will be protected by city regulations which would apply to the development of any properties affected. 5. Does the zoning regulation consider the reasonable provision of adequate light and air? The development standards within the zoning ordinance help provide for appropriate interaction between developed properties, including light and air. 6. Is the zoning regulation designed to facilitate the adequate provision of transportation, water, sewerage, schools, parks, and other public requirements? The zoning ordinance creates a more predictable, orderly, and consistent development pattern. That pattern allows for a more efficient allocation of public resources and better provision of public services. 7. Does the zoning regulation consider the character of the district and its peculiar suitability for particular uses? The updated regulations would generally preserve existing property development standards, which would help maintain the character of the various districts. Adjustments for housing types would generally continue neighborhood character while providing for additional housing types. 8. Does the zoning regulation consider conserving the value of buildings? Building values are conserved by providing reasonable standards within zoning districts and through development standards under city regulations including building and fire codes.
Page 4 of 5
9. Does the zoning regulation encourage the most appropriate use of land throughout the municipality and promote compatible urban growth? The amendment helps create consistency throughout comparable zones, which promotes compatible urban growth. MLUPA Criteria 1. Is the amendment in substantial compliance with the land use plan? The purpose of the amendments is to align the zoning ordinance with MLUPA and the proposed land use plan as well as incorporate state-mandated zoning provisions adopted in recent legislative sessions. The land use plan was developed with these changes in mind and the amendments would be in substantial compliance with the plan. 2. Does the amendment accommodate projected needed housing types under the land use plan? The amendments include housing strategies detailed in MLUPA that are part of the proposed land use plan. They further incorporate various housing types contemplated in the plan into the zoning regulations. 3. Does the amendment contain or maintain five or more specific strategies from Sec. 76-25-302, MCA, to encourage the development of housing within the jurisdiction? The proposed land use plan implementation chapter provides for eight specific strategies to be adopted. The proposed amendments incorporate those strategies either as continuations of existing regulations and mapping or as new language in the text. 4. Does the amendment reflect allowable uses and densities in areas that may be adequately served by public safety, emergency, utility, transportation, education, and any other local facilities or services identified by the local government in the land use plan? The amendments maintain zoning districts and densities that are consistent with the land use plan’s consideration of public services and supporting facility plans. The proposed amendments do not change the zoning map, although there are some increases in allowable densities within those districts that can be supported through existing or planned infrastructure. 5. Does the amendment allow for sufficient area for existing, new, or expanding commercial, industrial, and institutional enterprises the local government has identified in the land use plan for targeted economic growth in the jurisdiction? The amendments maintain zoning districts and uses that are consistent with the land use plan’s consideration of commercial, industrial, and institutional enterprises. The land use
Page 5 of 5
plan identified sufficient area for such growth and did not designate any changes from existing commercial/industrial zones or applicable regulations. The amendments would be substantially compliant with the land use plan relative to economic growth. 6. Does the amendment protect and maximize the potential use of natural resources within the area, as identified in the land use plan? The amendments do not directly address the use of natural resources and are more targeted towards MLUPA compliance and housing strategies. To the extent that the amendments encourage infill and prevent sprawl, they help protect areas with potentially usable natural resources. 7. Does the amendment minimize or avoid impacts to the natural environment within the area, as identified in the land use plan? The amendments do not directly impact the natural environment, although the encouragement of additional density and infill will prevent unnecessary sprawl into undeveloped land and help ensure that development will occur with city utilities, particularly sewer service, that minimizes environmental impacts. 8. Does the amendment avoid or minimize dangers associated with natural hazards in the jurisdiction, as identified in the land use plan? The amendments do not serve to expand development into natural hazard areas. Regulations such as the floodplain regulations continue to address natural hazards in the context of development. The amendments do not include any map changes introducing development into those areas. 9. Does the proposed zoning regulation, map, or amendment result in new or increased impacts to or from local facilities, services, natural resources, natural environment, or natural hazards from those previously described and analyzed in the assessment conducted for the land use plan? The amendments are a direct result of the implementation of the proposed land use plan. They incorporate MLUPA zoning requirements, elements of the land use plan (particularly selected housing strategies), and other changes required under state law. As such, the amendments are in line with the impacts described and analyzed in the land use plan. RECOMMENDATION Staff recommends that the Kalispell City Planning Commission adopt the findings in staff report KZTA-25-01 and recommend to the Kalispell City Council that the proposed amendments be adopted as provided herein.
MONTANA |WASHINGTON |IDAHO |NORTH DAKOTA |PENNSYLVANIA
JOB NO. 21-209-001 JANUARY 2022
REPORT OF GEOTECHNICAL INVESTIGATION
CLIENT ENGINEER
Starling Development, LLC
2880 Technology Blvd West, Suite 273
Bozeman, MT 59718
Craig Nadeau, PE
craig.nadeau@tdhengineering.com
REPORT OF GEOTECHNICAL INVESTIGATION
PROJECT NAME
PROJECT LOCATION 406.761.3010
tdhengineering.com
1800 River Drive North
Great Falls, MT 59401
STARLING SUBDIVISION PHASES 1-3
KALISPELL, MONTANA
Starling Subdivision Phases 1-3 Table of Contents
Kalispell, Montana i
Table of Contents
1.0 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ......................................................................................................... 1
2.0 INTRODUCTION ..................................................................................................................... 2
2.1 Purpose and Scope .......................................................................................................... 2
2.2 Project Description ........................................................................................................... 2
3.0 SITE CONDITIONS .................................................................................................................. 3
3.1 Geology and Physiography .............................................................................................. 3
3.2 Subsurface Conditions ..................................................................................................... 3
3.2.1 Soils ........................................................................................................................... 3
3.2.2 Ground Water ........................................................................................................... 6
4.0 ENGINEERING ANALYSIS ..................................................................................................... 7
4.1 Site Grading and Excavations.......................................................................................... 7
4.2 Preliminary Foundation Assessment ............................................................................... 7
4.3 Culverts & Drainage Structures ....................................................................................... 8
4.4 Exterior Concrete Flatwork .............................................................................................. 8
4.5 Pavements ....................................................................................................................... 8
5.0 RECOMMENDATIONS ......................................................................................................... 10
5.1 Site Grading and Excavations........................................................................................ 10
5.2 Pavements ..................................................................................................................... 11
5.3 Continuing Services ....................................................................................................... 12
6.0 SUMMARY OF FIELD AND LABORATORY STUDIES ....................................................... 13
6.1 Field Explorations ........................................................................................................... 13
6.2 Laboratory Testing ......................................................................................................... 13
7.0 LIMITATIONS ........................................................................................................................ 15
Starling Subdivision Phases 1-3 Appendix
Kalispell, Montana ii
APPENDIX
Test Pit Location Map (Figure 1)
Logs of Exploratory Test Pits (Figures 2 through 17)
Laboratory Test Data (Figures 18 through 63)
LTTPBind Online PG Asphalt Binder Analysis Summary
Typical Crawlspace Foundation Detail
Typical Basement Foundation Detail
Soil Classification and Sampling Terminology for Engineering Purposes
Classification of Soils for Engineering Purposes
Starling Subdivision Phases 1-3 Executive Summary
Kalispell, Montana Page 1
GEOTECHNICAL REPORT
STARLING SUBDIVISION PHASES 1-3
KALISPELL, MONTANA
1.0 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
The first three phases of the Starling Subdivision are to be located on the west side of Stillwater
Road approximately centered between Four Mile Drive and West Reserve Drive. The majority of
the site encountered a layer of surficial topsoil overlying predominantly fine-grained silty clay and
lean clay soils; however, stripping operations had begun in portions of the project area at the time of
our investigation, and topsoil was not present at the location of TP-16. Similar materials extend to
depths of at least 10.5 feet, the maximum depth investigated. The samples collected were
evaluated in our laboratory to obtain soil classifications and properties necessary to provide
recommendations for the civil design aspects of the development.
Per your request, we have also provided a preliminary engineering assessment of the potential
foundation systems for this development; however, additional site investigation is required prior to
foundation design and construction to evaluate settlement and collapse potential as well as suitable
bearing pressures for use in foundation design. Samples needed for these types of analyses were
not collected during the investigation and preparation of detailed foundation recommendations were
not included in our scope of work for this project. Evaluation of these factors warrants future
consideration.
Starling Subdivision Phases 1-3 Introduction
Kalispell, Montana Page 2
2.0 INTRODUCTION
2.1 Purpose and Scope
This report presents the results of our geotechnical study for Phases 1 through 3 of the Starling
Subdivision to be located on the west side of Stillwater Road approximately centered between Four
Mile Drive and West Reserve Drive in Kalispell, Montana. The purpose of the geotechnical study is
to determine the general surface and subsurface conditions at the proposed site and to develop
geotechnical engineering recommendations for design of the site development aspects of this
project. This report describes the field work and laboratory analyses conducted for this project, the
surface and subsurface conditions encountered, and presents our recommendations for the related
site development.
Our field work included excavating sixteen test pits across the proposed site. Samples were
obtained from the test pits and returned to our Great Falls laboratory for testing. Laboratory testing
was performed on selected soil samples to determine engineering properties of the subsurface
materials. The information obtained during our field investigations and laboratory analyses was
used to develop recommendations for the design of the proposed foundation systems.
2.2 Project Description
At this time, limited information is available regarding the proposed development; however, the
preliminary site layout indicates approximately 44 lots in total across the three-phase project. Lot 1,
located on the north end of the development area, is proposed to be used for multi-family apartment
or condominium style construction. Preliminary plans indicate this structure to include
approximately two-stories above grade with plans for a full-depth basement; however, details for the
structure have not been finalized. The remaining development area appears to be proposed as
single-family houses which we understand are expected to be either single- or two-story
construction utilizing crawlspace or basement configurations. All structures are proposed to utilize
conventional wood-framing. Asphalt paved access roads are anticipated throughout the
development area. The specific configuration or size of the structures which may be built on
various lots within the development is not known and is anticipated to vary from lot to lot; thus,
detailed foundation assessments have not been performed.
Starling Subdivision Phases 1-3 Site Conditions
Kalispell, Montana Page 3
3.0 SITE CONDITIONS
3.1 Geology and Physiography
The site is located to the northwest of Kalispell, Montana in an area comprised of glacial lake
deposits (Qgl) and gravel deposits (Qgr). The glacial lake deposits are generally comprised of light
brown laminated silt, fine-grained sand, and clay. Based on geologic maps, similar materials are
anticipated to exhibit the greatest depths in the northeast portion of the subject property and
generally overlie Quaternary-aged gravel deposits typical of the Qgr designation on the map.
These gravel deposits range from pebble to boulder size and include sand, silt, and clay. These
gravel deposits are dominantly alluvial terrace, abandoned channel and floodplain, remnant alluvial
fan, and local glacial outwash.
Geologic Map of Montana, Edition 1.0 (2007)
Montana Bureau of Mines & Geology
3.2 Subsurface Conditions
3.2.1 Soils
The subsurface soil conditions appear to be relatively consistent based on the exploratory
excavating and soil sampling. In general, the subsurface soil conditions encountered
consist of a layer of surficial topsoil overlying predominantly fine-grained silty clay, lean clay,
and silt soils with lesser amounts of silty sand and silty clayey sand observed. The topsoil
was visually classified as sandy lean clay and extends to depths of 8 to 24 inches. A single
test pit (TP-16) exhibited no topsoil as this portion of the project area had already been
stripped as part of ongoing site preparation work.
Approximate
Site Location
Starling Subdivision Phases 1-3 Site Conditions
Kalispell, Montana Page 4
The test pits encountered primarily fine-grained soils comprised of silty clay, lean clay, and
silt with varying amounts of fine sand throughout the investigation depths ranging from 9.0
to 10.5 feet. Seven of the sixteen test pits encountered layers of sandy material classified
as either silty sand or silty clayey sand exhibiting thicknesses ranging from 1.2 to 5.4 feet.
Two of these test pits were terminated within a zone of sandy material and may exhibit
greater overall thicknesses.
The subsurface soils are described in detail on the enclosed test pit logs and are
summarized below. The stratification lines shown on the logs represent approximate
boundaries between soil types, and the actual in situ transition may be gradual vertically or
discontinuous laterally.
FINE-GRAINED SOILS
The majority of the subsurface soils are comprised of fine-grained materials including silty
clay, lean clay, and silt containing varying amounts of fine-grained sand. Based on the
laboratory testing, these materials are considered non-expansive and pose no risk of uplift
to the development project; however, these materials often exhibit elevated compressibility
which can result in undesirable settlements. The performance of foundations will warrant
further investigation of individual sites and a structure specific assessment of the settlement
risk. These materials are also considered moderately to highly frost susceptible which can
impact the performance of surface features. Fifteen samples of the fine-grained soils were
tested and contained no gravel, between 2 and 31 percent sand, and between 69 and 98
percent fines (silt and clay). Thirteen samples were tested to evaluate their plasticity using
an Atterberg Limits test and resulted in liquid limits ranging from 19 to 33 percent and
plasticity indices ranging from 1 to 12 percent. The natural moisture contents for this
material varied from 5 to 30 percent and averaged 15 percent. The moisture content is a
function of material type, sand content, depth, and other factors.
Three bulk samples of the fine-grained soils representing the various types encountered
were tested in our laboratory to evaluate their strength as a subgrade beneath pavement
sections. An initial proctor test was performed on each in accordance with ASTM D698 to
establish the maximum dry density and optimum moisture content. The same samples were
then tested in accordance with ASTM D1883 to measure the compacted California Bearing
Ratio (CBR) of the material. This test incorporates a 96-hour soaking period to replicate
subgrade saturation conditions after initial construction. The results of these tests are
summarized below:
Material Description Maximum Dry
Density (pcf)
Optimum Moisture
Content (%)
CBR at 95%
Compaction (%)
Silty CLAY with Sand 102.8 17.1 10.7
SILT 106.6 16.3 5.8
SILT with Sand 109.7 14.8 9.7
Starling Subdivision Phases 1-3 Site Conditions
Kalispell, Montana Page 5
Three samples of the various materials were also tested to evaluate their chemical
properties relative to corrosion of buried steel elements such as culverts. The results are
summarized below:
Material Description pH Resistivity (ohm-
centimeters)
Silty CLAY with Sand 8.2 9,058
Lean CLAY 8.8 3,367
Silty CLAY with Sand 8.5 5,266
SANDY SOILS
Seven of the sixteen test pits encountered layers of sandy material classified as either silty
sand or silty clayey sand exhibiting thicknesses ranging from 1.2 to 5.4 feet. Two of these
test pits were terminated within a zone of sandy material and may exhibit greater overall
thicknesses. Based on our field observations, these sandy materials are considered
relatively loose and may be susceptible settlements and/or collapse when wetted. A site-
specific evaluation is warranted for all new structures to evaluate if sandy soils are present
and what potential risks they may pose to the planned construction. Three samples of the
sandy materials were tested and contained no gravel, between 53 and 75 percent sand, and
between 25 and 47 percent fines (silt and clay). A single sample which was analyzed for
Atterberg Limits was found to be granular and non-plastic. The natural moisture contents
for this material varied from 3 to 10 percent and averaged 6 percent. The moisture content
is a function of fines content, fines type, depth, and other factors.
A single bulk sample of the silty sand encountered in TP-11 was tested in our laboratory to
evaluate its strength as a subgrade beneath pavement sections. The results of this test are
summarized below:
Material Description Maximum Dry
Density (pcf)
Optimum Moisture
Content (%)
CBR at 95%
Compaction (%)
Silty SAND 106.3 15.4 10.4
Two samples of the various materials were also tested to evaluate their chemical properties
relative to corrosion of buried steel elements such as culverts. The results are summarized
below:
Material Description pH Resistivity (ohm-
centimeters)
Silty SAND 8.0 23,529
Silty SAND 9.0 13,423
Starling Subdivision Phases 1-3 Site Conditions
Kalispell, Montana Page 6
3.2.2 Ground Water
Ground water was not encountered within the test pits to depths ranging from 9.0 to 10.5
feet below the ground surface. The presence or absence of observed ground water may be
directly related to the time of the subsurface investigation. Numerous factors contribute to
seasonal ground water occurrences and fluctuations, and the evaluation of such factors is
beyond the scope of this report.
Starling Subdivision Phases 1-3 Engineering Analysis
Kalispell, Montana Page 7
4.0 ENGINEERING ANALYSIS
4.1 Site Grading and Excavations
Based on our field work, primarily fine-grained soils such as silty clay, lean clay, and silt with
occasional zones of silty sand are expected in foundation and utility excavations to the depths
anticipated. Based on the test pits, ground water is not anticipated within 10.5 feet of the ground
surface; however, occasional pockets of trapped or perched ground water associated with recent
precipitation cannot be ruled out.
4.2 Preliminary Foundation Assessment
Considering the subsurface conditions encountered, we anticipate conventional shallow foundations
to be suitable for most single-story residential structures depending on the type of construction and
anticipated foundation loads on each lot. The soils present may exhibit settlement or collapse
potential which has not been evaluated to date. Such conditions can be detrimental to structures if
differential movements are excessive; thus, additional investigation is warranted prior to building
construction to fully evaluate potential risks and improvements needed to mitigate them.
Specifically, investigations should be focused on identifying potential settlement or collapse
concerns and provide suitable foundation design recommendations to control foundation
displacements to within acceptable levels.
Native soils similar to those observed on this site are generally suitable to support two- or three-
story buildings of wood-framed construction without the need for considerable subsurface
improvements; however, the increased foundation loads and associated settlement concerns can
warrant additional improvements. In our experience, subsurface improvements beneath wood-
framed construction on similar soils are typically limited a specified depth of over-excavation with
compacted structural fill; however, a more detailed geotechnical investigation is warranted to
determine what improvements, if any, are warranted for each lot.
Based on the information obtained from our field investigation, we do not believe that the
subsurface conditions encountered will preclude the use of any typical building configurations (i.e.
basement, crawlspace, slab-on-grade). All design and construction should comply with the
requirements of the applicable building codes along with any supplemental recommendations made
by the geotechnical engineer who conducts future assessments.
We advise that site specific geotechnical investigations be performed on a lot-by-lot basis to assess
the local subsurface conditions combined with the proposed construction for that particular site to
provide suitable foundation recommendations. Per your request, we have included preliminary
details of what typical crawlspace and basement foundation system may look like; however, these
details do not include potential improvements beneath the foundations which may be required
based on further investigation. TD&H Engineering has the local engineering staff and testing
abilities to conduct the additional investigations and laboratory testing necessary to provide detailed
Starling Subdivision Phases 1-3 Engineering Analysis
Kalispell, Montana Page 8
foundation recommendations. We would be pleased to assist with the continued evaluation of the
proposed foundation systems for this subdivision.
4.3 Culverts & Drainage Structures
The on-site soils exhibit slightly basic pH levels and relatively high resistivities which are favorable
for the use of corrugated metal pipe structures for culverts. The estimated time to perforation of a
standard 18-gage galvanized steel pipe when constructed within the native soils ranges from 82 to
more than 100 years without the need for any protective coatings. In our experience, similar life
expectancies are typically acceptable for new development activities.
The relatively high resistivities measured for the five samples tested on this area are indicative of
low soluble sulfate levels within the soils; sulfates are generally problematic for buried concrete
structures. Thus, based on the laboratory testing performed, the use of either corrugated metal
pipe (CMP) or reinforced concrete pipe (RCP) is considered suitable for this site without the need
for any specialized protective measures.
4.4 Exterior Concrete Flatwork
The natural on-site soils, exclusive of topsoil, are considered suitable to support lightly to
moderately loaded, exterior slab-on-grade construction associated with sidewalks, valley gutters,
and other civil development features. A leveling course of granular fill directly beneath the concrete
is recommended to provide a structural cushion, a capillary-break from the subgrade, and a
drainage medium. All native soils, subgrade or fill, beneath concrete structures should be
compacted prior to the placement of the cushion course gravels to minimize construction
disturbances and potential settlement of the concrete. Typical construction utilizes four to six
inches of compacted granular fill beneath exterior flatwork applications and similar systems are
considered adequate for this site.
4.5 Pavements
A pavement section is a layered system designed to distribute concentrated traffic loads to the
subgrade. Performance of the pavement structure is directly related to the physical properties of the
subgrade soils and the magnitude and frequency of traffic loadings. Pavement design procedures
are based on strength properties of the subgrade and pavement materials, along with the design
traffic conditions. Traffic information was not available at the time of this report; however, we have
assumed that traffic for the roads in the development will be limited to passenger-type vehicles with
occasional mid-size truck traffic (FHWA Class VI or smaller) associated with deliveries, trash
collection, and other services of the residents.
The anticipated subgrade materials include silty sand, silty clay, and silt. These materials classify
as A-2-4 or A-4 soils in accordance with the American Association of State Highway and
Transportation Officials (AASHTO) classification. AASHTO considers this soil category to be a
Starling Subdivision Phases 1-3 Engineering Analysis
Kalispell, Montana Page 9
good to fair subgrade but can exhibit some reduced drainage properties, moisture sensitivity, and
frost susceptibility. Typical California Bearing Ratio (CBR) values for this type of soil range from 5
to 20 percent when properly compacted during construction, which was confirmed by laboratory
testing which measured CBR values ranging from 5.8 to 10.4 percent. To achieve this level of
subgrade strength, the subgrade must be properly compacted during construction, which may
require scarification and moisture conditioning. Any fill should be selected, placed, and compacted
in accordance with our recommendations.
A geotextile is recommended between the pavement section gravels and the compacted subgrade
to provide separation, thus preventing the upward migration of fines and the loss of aggregate into
the subgrade. This will help to prolong the structural integrity and performance of the pavement
section. Recommendations for suitable separation geotextiles are provided below.
The pavement section presented in this report is based on the minimum laboratory measured CBR
value of 5.8 percent, assumed traffic loadings, recommended pavement section design information
presented in the Asphalt Institute and AASHTO Design Manuals, and our past pavement design
experience in Kalispell.
Starling Subdivision Phases 1-3 Recommendations
Kalispell, Montana Page 10
5.0 RECOMMENDATIONS
5.1 Site Grading and Excavations
1. All topsoil and organic material should be removed from the proposed development
areas. For planning purposes, a stripping thickness of 8 to 24 inches should be
adequate to remove most of the detrimental organics. Occasional roots will not be
detrimental; however, abundant root material can cause issues with the
performance of pavement systems and sidewalks. Thus, thicker stripping depths
may be warranted in some areas and must be evaluated once actual stripping
operations are performed.
2. All fill and backfill should be non-expansive, free of organics and debris and should
be approved by the project geotechnical engineer. The on-site soils, exclusive of
topsoil, appear to be suitable for use as general site grading fill on this project. Use
as backfill or other structural applications have not been evaluated at this time and
need consideration during future site investigations and design reports.
All site grading fill should be placed in uniform lifts not exceeding 8 inches in
thickness. Granular materials associated with the pavement section may utilize a
maximum lift thickness of 12 inches. All materials compacted using hand
compaction methods or small walk-behind units (i.e. backfill around manholes, small
trenches, or other structures) should utilize a maximum lift thickness of 6 inches to
ensure adequate compaction throughout the lift. All fill and backfill shall be moisture
conditioned to near the optimum moisture content and compacted to the following
minimum percentages of the maximum dry density determined by a standard proctor
test which is outlined by ASTM D698 or equivalent (e.g. ASTM D4253-D4254).
a) Subgrade Below Pavement Systems .......................................... 95%
b) Base Course Below Pavement Systems .................................... 95%
c) General Landscaping or Nonstructural Areas ............................. 92%
For your consideration, verification of compaction requires laboratory proctor tests to
be performed on a representative sample of the soil prior to construction. These
tests can require up to one week to complete (depending on laboratory backlog),
and this should be considered when coordinating the construction schedule to
ensure that delays in construction or additional testing expense is not required due
to laboratory processing times or rush processing fees.
Starling Subdivision Phases 1-3 Recommendations
Kalispell, Montana Page 11
5.2 Pavements
3. The following pavement section or an approved equivalent section should be
selected in accordance with the discussions in the Engineering Analysis. This
section is suitable for all pavement applications within the development when the
subgrade can be compacted to the minimum requirements outlined in Item 2 above.
Local jurisdictional requirements may require alternative pavement sections to be
utilized based on minimum design requirements for the area.
Pavement Component Component
Thickness
Asphaltic Concrete Pavement 3
Crushed Base Course 12
Geotextile Separation (Item 6)
Total 15
4. The material properties for the crushed base courses shall conform to Section
02235 of the Montana Public Works Standard Specifications (MPWSS). All
gradations outlined in this specification are acceptable based on the local availability
and contractor preference.
5. Where the existing grades will be raised more than the thickness of the pavement
section, all fill should be placed, compacted, and meet the general requirements
given in Item 2 above.
6. A separation geotextile is recommended between the pavement section and the
prepared subgrade to prevent the migration of fines upward into the gravel and the
loss of aggregate into the subgrade. A Mirafi 180N or equivalent geotextile is
appropriate.
7. Ideally, the asphaltic cement utilized on this project would be a Performance Graded
(PG) binder having the following minimum high and low temperature values based
on the desired pavement reliability.
Reliability Min. High
Temp Rating
Min. Low
Temp Rating Ideal Oil Grade
50% 36.8 -23.9 PG 58-28
98% 41.7 -33.1 PG 58-34
Starling Subdivision Phases 1-3 Recommendations
Kalispell, Montana Page 12
For most low volume roadway applications, a 50 percent reliability is considered
sufficient. For this reliability level, a PG 58-28 grade oil is recommended as this is
anticipated to be the most commonly available product to provide suitable low
temperature resistance to thermal cracking. The use of a PG 58-34 oil would
provide higher reliability and improved thermal cracking resistance; however, it will
also likely result in higher construction costs associated with a specialized asphalt
binder which is not commonly utilized by Kalispell suppliers.
5.3 Continuing Services
Three additional elements of geotechnical engineering service are important to the successful
completion of this project.
8. Consultation between the geotechnical engineer and the design professionals
during the design phases is highly recommended. This is important to ensure that
the intentions of our recommendations are incorporated into the design, and that
any changes in the design concept consider the geotechnical limitations dictated by
the on-site subsurface soil and ground water conditions.
9. Observation, monitoring, and testing during construction is required to document the
successful completion of all earthwork and foundation phases. A geotechnical
engineer from our firm should be retained to observe the excavation, earthwork, and
foundation phases of the work to determine that subsurface conditions are
compatible with those used in the analysis and design.
10. During site grading, placement of all fill and backfill should be observed and tested
to confirm that the specified density has been achieved. We recommend that the
Owner maintain control of the construction quality control by retaining the services of
an experienced construction materials testing laboratory. We are available to
provide construction inspection services as well as materials testing of compacted
soils and the placement of Portland cement concrete and asphalt. In the absence of
project specific testing frequencies, TD&H recommends the following minimum
testing frequencies be used:
Compaction Testing
Adjacent to Drainage Structures 1 Test per 25 LF of Structure per Side per Lift
Asphalt Paved Roads 1 Test per 1,500 SF of Subgrade
1 Test per 2,500 SF of Base
LF = Lineal Feet SF = Square Feet
Starling Subdivision Phases 1-3 Summary of Field & Laboratory Studies
Kalispell, Montana Page 13
6.0 SUMMARY OF FIELD AND LABORATORY STUDIES
6.1 Field Explorations
The field exploration program was conducted on December 20,2021. A total of sixteen test pits
were excavated to depths ranging from 9.0 to 10.5 feet at the locations shown on Figure 1 to
observe subsurface soil and ground water conditions. The tests pits were excavated by Nelcon
Construction using a Kumatsu PC400 LC excavator. The subsurface exploration and sampling
methods used are indicated on the attached test pit logs. The test pits were logged by Andrew
Ferris of TD&H Engineering.
Composite samples of the subsurface material were taken from the excavated spoils at discrete
sampling locations. Logs of all soil test pits, which include soil descriptions, and sample depths are
presented on figures 2 through 17.
No evidence of ground water was encountered. Excavation equipment remained dry, free water
was not observed on excavated spoils, and no visible water or seepage was observed in the open
excavation.
6.2 Laboratory Testing
Samples obtained during the field exploration were returned to our materials laboratory where they
were observed and visually classified in general accordance with ASTM D2487, which is based on
the Unified Soil Classification System. Representative samples were selected for testing to
determine the engineering and physical properties of the soils in general accordance with ASTM or
other approved procedures.
Tests Conducted: To determine:
Natural Moisture Content Representative moisture content of soil at the time of
sampling.
Grain-Size Distribution Particle size distribution of soil constituents describing the
percentages of clay/silt, sand, and gravel. Select samples
also included hydrometer analyses to differentiate between
silt and clay size particles based on variations in the
sedimentation rate of the materials.
Atterberg Limits A method of describing the effect of varying water content on
the consistency and behavior of fine-grained soils.
Resistivity and pH The combination of these properties provides a measure of a
ential to corrode metal.
Moisture-Density Relationship A relationship describing the effect of varying moisture
content and the resulting dry unit weight at a given
Starling Subdivision Phases 1-3 Summary of Field & Laboratory Studies
Kalispell, Montana Page 14
compactive effort. Provides the optimum moisture content
and the maximum dry unit weight. Also called a Proctor
Curve.
California Bearing Ratio The measure of a subg y to
resist deformation due to penetration during a saturated
condition. Used to assist in pavement thickness designs.
The laboratory testing program for this project consisted of 51 moisture-visual analyses, 18 sieve
(grain-size distribution) analyses, and 15 Atterberg Limits analyses. The results of the water content
analyses are presented on the test pit logs, Figures 2 through 17. The grain-size distribution curves
and Atterberg limits are presented on Figures 18 through 50. In addition, five pH and resistivity
tests, four proctor (moisture-density) tests, and four California Bearing Ratio (CBR) tests were
performed. The CBR and moisture density relationships are shown on Figures 51 through 58. The
results of the chemical analyses are included in the Appendix as Figures 59 through 63 and
discussed within the body of the report.
Starling Subdivision Phases 1-3 Limitations
Kalispell, Montana Page 15
7.0 LIMITATIONS
This report has been prepared in accordance with generally accepted geotechnical engineering
practices in this area for use by the client for design purposes. The findings, analyses, and
recommendations contained in this report reflect our professional opinion regarding potential
impacts the subsurface conditions may have on the proposed project and are based on site
conditions encountered. Our analysis assumes that the results of the exploratory test pits are
representative of the subsurface conditions throughout the site, that is, that the subsurface
conditions everywhere are not significantly different from those disclosed by the subsurface study.
Unanticipated soil conditions are commonly encountered and cannot be fully determined by a
limited number of soil test pits and laboratory analyses. Such unexpected conditions frequently
require that some additional expenditures be made to obtain a properly constructed project.
Therefore, some contingency fund is recommended to accommodate such potential extra costs.
The recommendations contained within this report are based on the subsurface conditions
observed in the test pits and are subject to change pending observation of the actual subsurface
conditions encountered during construction. TD&H cannot assume responsibility or liability for the
recommendations provided if we are not provided the opportunity to perform limited construction
inspection and confirm the engineering assumptions made during our analysis. A representative of
TD&H should be retained to observe all construction activities associated with subgrade
preparation, foundations, and other geotechnical aspects of the project to ensure the conditions
encountered are consistent with our assumptions. Unforeseen conditions or undisclosed changes
to the project parameters or site conditions may warrant modification to the project
recommendations.
Long delays between the geotechnical investigation and the start of construction increase the
potential for changes to the site and subsurface conditions which could impact the applicability of
the recommendations provided. If site conditions have changed because of natural causes or
construction operations at or adjacent to the site, TD&H should be retained to review the contents of
this report to determine the applicability of the conclusions and recommendations provide
considering the time lapse or changed conditions.
Misinterpretation of the geotechnical information by other design team members is possible and can
result in costly issues during construction and with the final product. Our geotechnical engineers
are available upon request to review those portions of the plans and specifications which pertain to
earthwork and foundations to determine if they are consistent with our recommendations and to
suggest necessary modifications as warranted. This service was not included in the original scope
of the project and will require additional fees for the time required for specification and plan
document review and comment. In addition, TD&H should be involved throughout the construction
process to observe construction, particularly the placement and compaction of all fill, preparation of
all foundations, and all other geotechnical aspects. Retaining the geotechnical engineer who
prepared your geotechnical report to provide construction observation is the most effective method
of managing the risks associated with unanticipated conditions.
Starling Subdivision Phases 1-3 Limitations
Kalispell, Montana Page 16
This report was prepared for the exclusive use of the owner and architect and/or engineer in the
design of the subject facility. It should be made available to prospective contractors and/or the
contractor for information on factual data only and not as a warranty of subsurface conditions such
as those interpreted from the test pit logs and presented in discussions of subsurface conditions
included in this report.
Prepared by: Reviewed by:
Craig Nadeau PE & Principal Peter Klevberg PE
Geotechnical Manager Geotechnical Engineer
TD&H ENGINEERING TD&H ENGINEERING
Great Falls, Kalispell, Bozeman, MT
Spokane, WA; Lewiston, ID, Watford City, ND
1
Eric Mulcahy
From:Murdo, Damon <dmurdo@mt.gov>
Sent:Tuesday, April 13, 2021 1:18 PM
To:Eric Mulcahy
Subject:RE: [EXTERNAL] SHPO Request
Attachments:Reports.pdf; Sites.pdf; 2021041309.pdf
April 13, 2021
Eric Mulcahy
Sands Surveying
2 Village Loop
Kalispell MT 59901
RE: STARLING PHASES 1 3 SUBDIVISION, KAISPELL. SHPO Project #: 2021041309
Dear Mr. Mulcahy:
I have conducted a cultural resource file search for the above cited project located in Section 35, T29N R22W. According
to our records there has been one previously recorded site within the designated search locale. Site 24FH1276 is the
historic Lee Homestead, which is not in the project area. In addition to the site there have been a few previously
conducted cultural resource inventories done in the area.Ive attached a list of the site and report. If you would like any
further information regarding the site or report, you may contact me at the number listed below.
It is SHPOs position that any structure over fifty years of age is considered historic and is potentially eligible for listing
on the National Register of Historic Places. If any structures are to be altered and are over fifty years old, we would
recommend that they be recorded, and a determination of their eligibility be made prior to any disturbance taking place.
Based on previous agricultural ground disturbance within the proposed project area we feel that there is a low likelihood
cultural properties will be impacted. We, therefore, feel that a recommendation for a cultural resource inventory is
unwarranted at this time. However, should structures need to be altered or if cultural materials be inadvertently
discovered during this project, we would ask that our office be contacted, and the site investigated.
If you have any further questions or comments you may contact me at (406) 444 7767 or by e mail at dmurdo@mt.gov. I
have attached an invoice for the file search. Thank you for consulting with us.
Sincerely,
Damon Murdo
Cultural Records Manager
State Historic Preservation Office
Montana Historical Society
File: LOCAL/SUBDIVISION/2021
Starling Subdivision Phases 5&6
Traffic Impact Study UPDATE
Kalispell, Montana
December 2025
130 South Howie Street
Helena, Montana 59601
406-459-1443
Starling Subdivision Traffic Impact Study Phases 5 & 6 Kalispell, Montana
i
Table of Contents
A. Executive Summary ......................................................................................1
B. Project Description........................................................................................1
C. Existing Conditions ........................................................................................1
Adjacent Roadways ..............................................................................2
Traffic Data ............................................................................................3
Historic Traffic Data ...............................................................................4
Planned Road Improvements ................................................................5
Additional Developments.......................................................................5
Level of Service .....................................................................................6
Vehicle Crash Data ...............................................................................6
D. Proposed Development ..............................................................................7
E. Trip Generation and Assignment ................................................................8
F. Trip Distribution ..........................................................................................8
G. Traffic Impacts Outside of the Development ...............................................9
H. Impact Summary & Recommendations .................................................... 11
List of Figures
Figure 1 – Proposed Development Site ...................................................................2
Figure 2 – Proposed Development ..........................................................................7
Figure 3 – Trip Distribution ......................................................................................9
List of Tables
Table 1 – Study Intersections ..................................................................................4
Table 2 – Historic Traffic Data .................................................................................4
Table 3 – Existing Level of Service Summary .........................................................5
Table 4 – Trip Generation Rates .............................................................................8
Table 5 – No- Build 2028 Level of Service Summary ..............................................10
Table 6 – Projected 2028 Level of Service Summary with Developments ..............10
Table 7 – Projected 2033 Level of Service Summary with Developments ..............11
Starling Subdivision Traffic Impact Study Phases 5 & 6 Kalispell, Montana
Abelin Traffic Services 1 December 2025
Starling Subdivision Phases 5 & 6
Traffic Impact Study UPDATE
Kalispell, Montana
A. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
The Starling Subdivision is a 58-acre residential development proposed west of Stillwater Road
and south of West Reserve Drive in Kalispell, Montana. Phases 5 & 6 of this project would include
54 new residential lots on the property and is the focus of this updated traffic analysis. Upon
completion in 2028, Phases 5 & 6 of the Starling Subdivision would produce up to 509 daily
vehicle trips. As proposed, Phases 5 & 6 of the Starling Subdivision will not significantly impact
traffic operations on the surrounding road network. The Timberwolf Ridge apartment project
currently underway east of Stillwater Road identified the need for improved traffic controls at the
intersection of Stillwater Road and 4 Mile Drive. The City of Kalispell has recommended this
intersection be changed to an All-Way STOP with the existing lane configuration to improve
intersection capacity and safety. This traffic control modification will occur in 2026 with the
completion of the Timberwolf Ridge development. With this planned modification all
intersections in this area will function at LOS C or better through 2033 with no additional roadway
modification. The development of Phases 5 & 6 of the Starling Subdivision will not alter the LOS
at the study intersections and no additional roadway modification are recommended at this time.
B. PROJECT DESCRIPTION
This document updates the possible effects on the surrounding road system with Phases 5 & 6 of
the Starling residential development located west of Stillwater Road and south of West Reserve
Drive in Kalispell, Montana. The document provides information regarding possible traffic
impacts in the area and identifies any new mitigation efforts that the development may require.
The project was originally analyzed by ATS in 2021 as part of the subdivision approval process.
The Starling development has been under construction since 2022 and currently includes 103
constructed residential units in Phases 1-3. No units are currently completed in Phase 4 (31 units
total).
C. EXISTING CONDITIONS
The Starling Subdivision is currently under construction to the west of Stillwater Road just west
of Glacier High School. The development site is located across from the intersection with
Timberwolf Parkway and the Flathead National Forest and DNRC offices. The overall project site
currently consists of 103 constructed residential units from Phases 1-3. Much of the internal road
infrastructure for Phase 4 the project is currently in place with existing road connections at
Starling Subdivision Traffic Impact Study Phases 5 & 6 Kalispell, Montana
Abelin Traffic Services 2 December 2025
Timberwolf Parkway and August Way. Home construction within Phase 4 is underway. A
recommended crosswalk at the intersection with Timberwolf Parkway was installed in the summer
of 2025. Construction of the Timberwolf Ridge development is currently underway on the east
side of Stillwater Road. See Figure 1 for a location map of the proposed development.
Figure 1- Proposed Development Site
Adjacent Roadways
West Reserve Drive/Old Reserve Drive (S-548) is a minor arterial roadway which was
developed as part of the Highway 93 Bypass improvements. The road extends northwest from
Highway 93 and connects with Stillwater Road at a roundabout. Old Reserve Drive connects
with the Highway 93 Bypass at a grade-separated intersection with off-ramps for northbound
and southbound traffic. The intersections of Old Reserve Drive with Wolfpack Way and both
ramps of the 93 Bypass are currently signalized. Glacier High School is located along Old
= Study Intersection
Starling
Subdivision
Glacier High
School
Timberwolf
Ridge
Starling Subdivision Traffic Impact Study Phases 5 & 6 Kalispell, Montana
Abelin Traffic Services 3 December 2025
Reserve Drive northwest of the Highway 93 Bypass. The road currently has a four-lane urban
cross-section with left-turn bays at all intersections, corridor lighting, sidewalks on both sides,
and a posted 35 MPH speed limit east of Stillwater Road. West of Stillwater Road the route
narrows to 24 feet and the speed limit increases to 55 MPH and provides access to the
residential areas northwest of Kalispell. According to traffic counts conducted by MDT in
2024, Old Reserve Drive carried 5,462 Vehicles per Day (VPD) west of the Highway 93
bypass.
Stillwater Road is a north/south, two-lane arterial roadway which extends north from Three
Mile Drive and past West Reserve Drive to the north. South of Reserve Drive the road has a
paved width of 24 to 36 feet and a posted speed limit of 35 MPH. The intersection of Stillwater
Road and Old Reserve Drive is controlled by a roundabout. Stillwater Road includes a
separated southbound left-turn lane at the intersection with Wolfpack Way for access to Glacier
High School. The road has a paved pedestrian trail along the east side between Reserve Drive
and the DNRC offices. Traffic data collected by ATS indicates that the roadway currently
carries 3,468 VPD south of Reserve Drive.
Timberwolf Parkway provides access to the Kalispell DNRC and DEQ offices east of
Stillwater Road and extends west into the Starling Subdivision. The roadway has a paved
width of 55 feet and includes sidewalks along the northern side of the roadway adjacent to the
DNRC offices. Within the Starling Subdivision, Timberwolf Parkway has a paved width of
36 feet with on-street parking and boulevard sidewalks.
Traffic Data
Traffic data was collected around the proposed development site in September of 2025. ATS
collected traffic data at four area intersections to evaluate current operational characteristics
within the study area. The data included peak-hour turning movement counts at the
intersections shown in Table 1. Daily traffic volume and vehicle speed data was also collected
along Stillwater Road. These study locations were submitted to the city and approved prior to
the traffic study. The TIS was determined to by a Category 1 study based on the preliminary
traffic generation estimates (opening year and +5 year future review).
The raw data collected for this project is adjusted for seasonal variation in accordance with
data collected from MDT’s annual count station located on US Highway 2 west of Kalispell
(Station A-24). Factoring the traffic counts is intended to make the raw data more closely
match the annual average traffic volumes for operational analysis. The MDT count station
information indicated that data collected in September of 2025 was 110% of the AADT. Due
to the fact that the September traffic data is higher than the annual average (110%), no
adjustment factors were applied to September data (which could be reduced) to provide more
conservative analysis results. The raw traffic data is included in Appendix A of this report.
Starling Subdivision Traffic Impact Study Phases 5 & 6 Kalispell, Montana
Abelin Traffic Services 4 December 2025
Table 1 – Study Intersections
Intersection Traffic Control
West Reserve Drive & Stillwater Road Roundabout
Stillwater Road & Wolfpack Way 2-Way STOP Control
Stillwater Road & August Way 2-Way STOP Control
Stillwater Road & 4 Mile Drive 2-Way STOP Control
Vehicle speed and volume data was collected along Stillwater Road south of Timberwolf
Parkway. This information suggested that the average vehicle speed on this section of
Stillwater Road was 45 MPH, while the 85th percentile speed was 39 MPH for all recorded
vehicles. In general, vehicle travel speeds on this road are above the posted 35 MPH speed
limit. Stillwater Road has a significant amount of heavy truck traffic associated with the
operations of LHC sand and gravel pits located north of the proposed development site. The
observed percentage of large trucks that travel on this section of Stillwater Road is 9%.
Historic Traffic Data
Abelin Traffic Services obtained historic traffic data from the Montana DOT. This data is
presented in Table 2. The traffic data history for this area indicates that traffic volumes have
changed significantly in this area over the past ten years with some road segments increasing
in volume and other segments decreasing. Much of the changes were caused by the Kalispell
Bypass project which was completed in 2016 and the continued commercial and residential
development in this area. Overall traffic volumes in this area have grown at an annual average
rate of 1% over the past ten years. While the current background traffic volume growth in this
area is relatively low, the proposed commercial and residential projects planned along
Stillwater Road will likely drive a higher overall growth rate in this area over the next ten
years.
Table 2 – Historic Traffic Data
Location 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024
Old Reserve Drive
East of HWY 93
Bypass #15-7B-097
5,550 5,409 5,366 4,293 4,319 4,017 10,030 10,100 10,161 10,202
Old Reserve Drive
West of HWY 93
Bypass #15-7B-073
7,670 8,179 8,040 8,048 8,096 6,321 6,827 6,875 5,440 5,462
West Reserve Drive
E of S-424 #15-7A-
006
2,240 2,217 2,272 2,247 2,495 2,530 2,796 2,152 2,193 2,250
Starling Subdivision Traffic Impact Study Phases 5 & 6 Kalispell, Montana
Abelin Traffic Services 5 December 2025
Planned Road Improvements
The Montana Department of Transportation is currently planning to reconstruct West Reserve
Drive from Stillwater Road to Farm to Market Road that will improve the route to
accommodate future growth in this area. The reconstruction will include road widening,
intersection turning lanes, and an adjacent shared use path.
Additional Developments
The Spartan Holdings development is an 80-acre residential/commercial project proposed west
of Stillwater Road and north of West Reserve Drive in Flathead County, Montana. Upon
completion, the development would include up to 170 single-family residential units, 400
multi-family units, and 10-acres of B-1 commercial. At full development the project would
produce up to 9,746 new daily vehicle trips in this area. The Spartan Holdings development
will increase traffic volumes on the surrounding road network with the potential development
of the planned grocery store, bank, and gas station on the site and may require the installation
of left-turn lanes on Stillwater Road and West Reserve Drive. The developers plan to
reconstruct Stillwater Road with a center two-way left-turn lane as part of this project. The
projected traffic from this project was included in the traffic forecast for this analysis.
The North West View development is a 42.58-acre residential project proposed east of
Stillwater Road and north of West Reserve Drive. Upon completion in 2030, the development
would include up to 149 residential units and would produce up to 1,325 new daily vehicle
trips in this area. The projected traffic from this project was included in the traffic forecast for
this analysis.
The Timberwolf Ridge development is a 400-unit residential apartment project currently under
constructionat the intersection of Stillwater Road and Timberwolf Parkway in Kalispell. Upon
completion in 2027, the development would produce up to 2,639 new daily vehicle trips in this
area. The Move 2040 Kalispell Area Transportation Plan recommends widening Stillwater
Road between Four Mile Drive and Old Reserve Drive to a 3-lane arterial roadway to support
the ongoing development in this area. The Timberwolf Ridge development will construct
improvements on the east side of Stillwater Road to facilitate these road improvements along
the frontage of Timberwolf Ridge. The traffic study prepared for this project also
recommended the installation of a traffic signal at the intersection of Stillwater Road and 4
Mile Drive in the future to improve future traffic operations when warrants are met. As an
interim measure, the City of Kalispell has required this intersection be converted to an All-
Way STOP to correct the projected operations and safety issues identified with the Timber
Ridge development. The conversion to an All-Way STOP will occur in 2026. The projected
traffic from this project was included in the traffic forecast for this analysis.
Starling Subdivision Traffic Impact Study Phases 5 & 6 Kalispell, Montana
Abelin Traffic Services 6 December 2025
Level of Service
Using the data collected for this project, ATS conducted a Level of Service (LOS) analysis at
area intersections. This evaluation was conducted in accordance with the procedures outlined
in the Transportation Research Board’s Highway Capacity Manual 7th Edition: A Guide for
Multimodal Mobility Analysis and the Highway Capacity Software (HCS) version 8.2.
Intersections are graded from A to F representing the average delay that a vehicle entering an
intersection can expect. Typically, a LOS of C or better is considered acceptable for peak-
hour conditions.
Table 3 shows the existing 2025 LOS for the AM and PM peak hours without the traffic from
the proposed developments in this area. The LOS calculations are included in Appendix C.
The table shows that all of the existing intersections in this area are currently operating within
acceptable limits and have considerable capacity for future growth.
Table 3 – Existing 2025 Level of Service Summary
AM Peak Hour PM Peak Hour
Intersection Delay (Sec.) LOS Delay (Sec.) LOS
Reserve Drive &
Stillwater Road 5.7 A 4.8 A
Stillwater Road &
Timberwolf Parkway*11.4/11.8 B/B 10.3/10.7 B/B
Stillwater Road &
August Way* 11.9 B 9.8 A
Stillwater Road & Four
Mile Drive*16.0/12.3 C/B 11.9/11.1 B/B
*Minor Street Approach LOS & Delay.
Vehicle Crash Data
ATS reviewed crash data from MDT’s public crash site to report the level of conflict
experienced within the study area over the most recent 5-year period (2020-2024). This
database provides insight to identify possible crash trends pointing to geometric, traffic control,
and roadway characteristic deficiencies. Crashes are expressed as a rate of crashes per million
vehicles entering (MVE) an intersection. Typical intersection crash rates are between 0.5 and
1.5 per MVE. The MDT data indicates that four crashes (0.4 per MVE) were reported within
the Stillwater Road roundabout and one crash was reported near Timberwolf Parkway (0.2 per
MVE). A total of 20 vehicle crashes were reported at the intersection of 4 Mile Drive and
Stillwater Road within the past five years (3.1 per MVE). These crashes will be mitigated by
the planned conversion of this intersection to an All-Way STOP in 2026.
Starling Subdivision Traffic Impact Study Phases 5 & 6 Kalispell, Montana
Abelin Traffic Services 7 December 2025
D. PROPOSED DEVELOPMENT
Phases 5 & 6 of the Starling Subdivision are currently proposed on the western side of the overall
development property. Phases 1-3 of the Starling Subdivision are nearly completed with 20 lots
of the initial 123 units remaining for construction. Phase 4 of the project has 31 planned units
which have not yet been built. Phases 5 & 6 of the project would include 54 single-family
residential lots ranging from 0.07 to 0.14 acres in size and would be constructed over the next three
years. Additionally, future Phases 7 & 8 will likely include 80 residential lots to be developed
after the completion of Phase 6. Overall, the Starling Subdivision will develop up to 291 total
units on the property, which is fewer than the 389 units originally planned with the subdivision.
Access to the development property would be through two existing approaches onto Stillwater
Road. The northern approach is located across from the existing Timberwolf Parkway intersection
and the southern approach at August Way is located 600 feet to the south. The development will
include internal roadways built to City of Kalispell specifications. The project would include
ROW for future roads to the north, west, and south of the property to connect with future
developments. Phases 5 & 6 of the Starling Subdivision would be completed by 2028. The
Starling Subdivision site plan is shown in Figure 2.
Figure 2 – Proposed Starling Subdivision Phases 5 & 6
Starling Subdivision Traffic Impact Study Phases 5 & 6 Kalispell, Montana
Abelin Traffic Services 8 December 2025
E. TRIP GENERATION AND ASSIGNMENT
ATS performed a trip generation analysis to determine the anticipated future traffic volumes from
the proposed developments using the trip generation rates contained in Trip Generation (Institute
of Transportation Engineers, EleventhEdition). These rates are the national standard and are based
on the most current information available to planners. A vehicle “trip” is defined as any trip that
either begins or ends at the development site. ATS determined that the critical traffic impacts on
the intersections and roadways would occur during the weekday morning and evening peak hours.
According to the ITE trip generation rates, Phases 5 & 6 of the Starling Subdivision would produce
38 AM peak hour trips, 51 PM peak hour trips, and 509 daily trips at full buildout. The remaining
portions of Phases 1-4 would produce an additional 481 daily trips. Future Phases 7 & 8 will add
an additional 754trips from the development. See Table 4 for detailed trip generation information.
Peak school traffic and peak commuter traffic does not generally occur at the same time. During
the morning, the peak commuter period was 7:45-8:00 which was slightly before the peak school
period between 8:00 and 8:15. In the afternoon, the peak school period occurs in the mid-afternoon
and the peak commuter period was 5:00-5:15. The AM peak school traffic period was accounted
for in the analysis, but the peak afternoon period of school traffic was not reviewed in detail for
this project. Typically, residential trip generation will be very low during the short period in which
school is released in the afternoon.
Table 4 - Trip Generation Rates
ITE Land Use
#210
Single-Family
Units
AM Peak
Hour Trip
Ends per
Unit
Total AM
Peak
Hour Trip
Ends
PM Peak
Hour Trip
Ends per
Unit
Total PM
Peak
Hour Trip
Ends
Weekday
Trip Ends
per Unit
Total
Weekday
Trip Ends
Phase 1 - 3
(Previous Phases) 20* 0.7 14 0.94 19 9.43 189
Phase 4 (Previous
Phase) 31 0.7 22 0.94 29 9.43 292
Phase 5 & 6 (THIS
PROJECT) 54 0.7 38 0.94 51 9.43 509
Phase 7 & 8
(Future Phases) 80 0.7 56 0.94 75 9.43 754
Total 185 130 174 1,744
*Units remaining for construction.
F. TRIP DISTRIBUTION
The traffic distribution and assignment for the proposed subdivision was based upon the existing
ADT volumes along the adjacent roadways and peak-hour volumes. It is expected that traffic will
distribute onto Stillwater Road and then travel north to Reserve Drive or south to Four Mile Drive
Starling Subdivision Traffic Impact Study Phases 5 & 6 Kalispell, Montana
Abelin Traffic Services 9 December 2025
to access the Highway 93 Bypass and then distribute onto the greater road network in Kalispell.
While some traffic from the proposed development will likely use Wolfpack Way to access Glacier
High School, this route will not typically be used by commuter traffic from the Starling
Subdivision. Although the route on Wolfpack Way is shorter, the total travel times on the narrow
and curving roads south of the school are higher than simply using the roundabout at Reserve
Street to connection with locations to the east. Vehicles will distribute onto the surrounding road
network as shown on Figure 3.
Figure 3 – Peak-Hour Trip Distribution
G. TRAFFIC IMPACTS OUTSIDE OF THE DEVELOPMENT
Using the trip generation and trip distribution numbers, ATS determined the future LOS for the
study intersections. The anticipated no-build intersection LOS with the other planned
developments in this area and the previously approved Phases 1-4 of the Starling Subdivision for
future 2028 traffic conditions is shown in Table 5. The LOS with the addition of Starling Phases
5 & 6 is shown in Table 6. The traffic volume calculations are included in Appendix B of this
report. The tables indicate that with the development of the other planned projects in this area
including Spartan Holdings, Timberwolf Ridge, Starling Phases 1-4, and North View West, the
intersections within the study area will remain at LOS C or better through 2028 with the planned
conversion of the intersection of Stillwater Road and 4 Mile Drive to an All-Way STOP.
Four Mile Drive
40%
Starling
Subdivision
5%
25%Reserve Drive
Wolfpack Way
5%
15%
5%
5%
Starling Subdivision Traffic Impact Study Phases 5 & 6 Kalispell, Montana
Abelin Traffic Services 10 December 2025
The construction of Phases 5 & 6 of the Starling Subdivision will not cause any additional roadway
capacity problems at the study intersection through 2028 and no drops in the LOS are expected
compared to the no-build scenario as shown in Table 6. Phases 5 & 6 of the Starling Subdivision
would increase traffic volumes on Stillwater Road by 100 to 200 VPD, which would not be a major
impact on this roadway. The roundabout at the intersection of West Reserve Drive and Stillwater
Road would still provide considerable reserve capacity for future growth. With all the
developments in this area, the total projected traffic volumes on Stillwater Road are expected to
reach 7,000 VPD which is near the upper limit of the capacity of a two-lane urban roadway. This
roadway should be upgraded to a three-lane urban route consistent with the recommendations of
the Move 2040 plan as the adjacent properties are developed.
Table 5 – No-Build 2028 Level of Service Summary
AM Peak Hour PM Peak Hour
Intersection Delay (Sec.) LOS Delay (Sec.) LOS
Reserve Drive &
Stillwater Road 10.7 B 12.2 B
Stillwater Road &
Timberwolf Parkway*14.5/17.1 B/C 13.9/16.2 B/C
Stillwater Road &
August Way* 15.7/18.6 C/C 12.8/15.2 B/C
Stillwater Road & Four
Mile Drive** 17.8 C 14.2 B
*Minor Street Approach LOS & Delay.
**With the planned installation of an All-Way STOP in 2026.
Table 6 – Projected 2028 Level of Service With Developments
AM Peak Hour PM Peak Hour
Intersection Delay (Sec.) LOS Delay (Sec.) LOS
Reserve Drive &
Stillwater Road 10.8 B 12.4 B
Stillwater Road &
Timberwolf Parkway*14.6/17.5 B/C 14.1/17.1 B/C
Stillwater Road &
August Way* 15.4/19.2 C/C 13.2/15.9 B/C
Stillwater Road & Four
Mile Drive** 18.6 C 15.0 B
*Minor Street Approach LOS & Delay.
**With the planned installation of an All-Way STOP in 2026.
Starling Subdivision Traffic Impact Study Phases 5 & 6 Kalispell, Montana
Abelin Traffic Services 11 December 2025
By 2033 the intersections within the study area will function as shown in Table 7 with the
additional background traffic growth in this area and the completion of future Phases 7 & 8 of the
Starling Subdivision. Overall, the projected change in LOS between 2028 and 2033 is minor with
an additional 1-2 seconds of peak-hour delay and all intersections continuing to function at LOS
C or better.
Table 7 – Projected 2033 Level of Service With Developments
AM Peak Hour PM Peak Hour
Intersection Delay (Sec.) LOS Delay (Sec.) LOS
Reserve Drive &
Stillwater Road 11.2 B 13.0 B
Stillwater Road &
Timberwolf Parkway*15.1/18.5 C/C 14.6/18.9 B/C
Stillwater Road &
August Way* 15.9/20.5 C/C 14.3/17.0 B/C
Stillwater Road & Four
Mile Drive** 20.6 C 16.4 C
*Minor Street Approach LOS & Delay.
**With the planned installation of an All-Way STOP in 2026.
The Move 2040 Kalispell Area Transportation Plan recommends developing a roundabout at the
intersection of Stillwater Road and Timberwolf Parkway (TSM 30) to address potential future
traffic demands in this area. While this may become necessary in the future, it may not be desirable
to implement this improvement at this time. The need for this roundabout will be driven by the
possible future developments to the east of Stillwater Road and a potential extension of
Timberwolf Parkway to connect with Old Reserve Drive to the east. The development of the
Starling Subdivision and Timberwolf Ridge alone will not create the need for a roundabout at
Timberwolf Parkway. Additionally, if the developers in this area choose to align the road
connections along the south side of Glacier High School and connect with the intersection of
Stillwater Road and Wolfpack Way instead of Timberwolf Parkway, then the roundabout should
instead be installed at the Wolfpack Way intersection. Until the future road layouts in this area
are more defined, it may be desirable to delay intersection improvements along Stillwater Road.
H. IMPACT SUMMARY & RECOMMENDATIONS
As proposed, Phases 5 & 6 of the Starling Subdivision will not significantly impact traffic
operations on the surrounding road network. The Timberwolf Ridge apartment project currently
underway east of Stillwater Road identified the need for improved traffic controls at the
intersection of Stillwater Road and 4 Mile Drive. The City of Kalispell has recommended this
intersection be changed to an All-Way STOP with the existing lane configuration to improve
intersection capacity and safety. This traffic control modification will occur in 2026 with the
completion of the Timberwolf Ridge development. With this planned modification all
Starling Subdivision Traffic Impact Study Phases 5 & 6 Kalispell, Montana
Abelin Traffic Services 12 December 2025
intersections in this area will function at LOS C or better through 2033 with no additional roadway
modification. The development of Phases 5 & 6 of the Starling Subdivision will not alter the LOS
at the study intersections and no additional roadway modification are recommended at this time.
APPENDIX A
Traffic Data
Turning Movement Count
All Vehicles
Location Kalispell - Stillwater and Old Reserve roundabout
Date Sept. 9 and 10, 2025
Northbound Southbound Eastbound Westbound
Left Thr Right Peds Left Thr Right Peds Left Thr Right Peds Left Thr Right Peds TOTAL
7:00 - 7:15 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
7:15 - 7:30 1 14 10 0 8 10 1 0 2 46 15 0 9 20 2 0 138
7:30 -7:45 10 9 40 0 17 15 1 0 1 41 22 0 23 27 6 0 212
7:45 - 8:00 11 10 21 0 9 12 5 0 3 59 35 0 31 32 6 0 234
8:00 - 8:15 15 12 12 0 2 10 2 0 6 66 34 0 21 24 6 0 210
8:15 -8:30 6 12 8 0 6 18 0 0 1 43 9 0 8 15 6 0 132
8:30 -8:45 2 12 5 0 10 6 1 0 1 33 11 0 11 18 8 0 118
8:45 -9:00 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
9:00 -9:15 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
9:15 -9:30 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
9:30 -9:45 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
9:45 -10:00 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
10:00 - 10:15 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
10:15 - 10:30 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
10:30 -10:45 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
10:45 - 11:00 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
11:00 - 11:15 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
11:15 -11:30 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
11:30 - 11:45 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
11:45 - 12:00 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
12:00 -12:15 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
12:15 - 12:30 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
12:30 - 12:45 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
12:45 -1:00 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
1:00 - 1:15 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
1:15 - 1:30 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
1:30 -1:45 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
1:45 - 2:00 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
2:00 - 2:15 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
2:15 -2:30 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
2:30 - 2:45 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
2:45 - 3:00 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
3:00 -3:15 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
3:15 - 3:30 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
3:30 - 3:45 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
3:45 -4:00 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
4:00 - 4:15 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
4:15 - 4:30 9 10 17 0 9 9 1 0 3 33 9 0 8 57 7 0 172
4:30 -4:45 9 9 22 0 9 9 2 0 0 31 5 0 15 48 4 0 163
4:45 - 5:00 13 7 12 0 7 15 1 0 0 28 9 0 7 71 6 0 176
5:00 - 5:15 13 7 14 0 7 15 2 0 2 32 6 0 9 46 8 0 161
5:15 -5:30 11 11 10 0 12 12 3 0 1 34 9 0 9 62 8 0 182
5:30 - 5:45 14 9 12 0 8 17 4 0 1 33 8 0 8 50 9 0 173
5:45 - 6:00 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
6:00 -6:15 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
6:15 - 6:30 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
6:30 - 6:45 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
6:45 -7:00 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
114 122 183 0 104 148 23 0 21 479 172 0 159 470 76 0 2071
Turning Movement Count
All Vehicles
Location Kalispell - Stillwater and Timberwolf
Date Sept. 9 and 10, 2025
Northbound Southbound Eastbound Westbound
Left Thr Right Peds Left Thr Right Peds Left Thr Right Peds Left Thr Right Peds TOTAL
7:00 - 7:15 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
7:15 - 7:30 0 40 2 0 3 12 2 0 1 0 3 0 0 0 0 0 63
7:30 - 7:45 0 83 7 0 1 34 1 0 5 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 134
7:45 - 8:00 1 104 3 0 2 33 0 0 3 0 3 0 0 0 2 0 151
8:00 - 8:15 0 96 4 0 4 30 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 135
8:15 -8:30 0 25 5 0 4 36 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 72
8:30 -8:45 0 18 1 0 2 19 0 0 0 0 2 0 2 0 1 0 45
8:45 -9:00 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
9:00 - 9:15 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
9:15 - 9:30 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
9:30 - 9:45 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
9:45 - 10:00 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
10:00 - 10:15 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
10:15 - 10:30 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
10:30 - 10:45 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
10:45 - 11:00 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
11:00 - 11:15 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
11:15 - 11:30 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
11:30 - 11:45 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
11:45 - 12:00 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
12:00 - 12:15 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
12:15 - 12:30 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
12:30 - 12:45 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
12:45 - 1:00 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
1:00 - 1:15 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
1:15 - 1:30 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
1:30 - 1:45 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
1:45 - 2:00 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
2:00 - 2:15 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
2:15 - 2:30 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
2:30 - 2:45 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
2:45 - 3:00 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
3:00 - 3:15 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
3:15 - 3:30 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
3:30 - 3:45 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
3:45 - 4:00 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
4:00 - 4:15 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
4:15 - 4:30 0 19 2 0 1 18 2 0 2 0 3 0 1 0 1 0 49
4:30 - 4:45 1 28 2 0 1 32 2 0 0 0 2 0 8 0 8 0 84
4:45 - 5:00 0 23 2 0 1 32 3 0 1 0 1 0 3 0 4 0 70
5:00 - 5:15 5 35 0 0 0 32 2 0 2 0 0 0 8 0 2 0 86
5:15 - 5:30 5 35 0 0 0 22 1 0 3 0 2 0 3 0 1 0 72
5:30 - 5:45 2 34 0 0 0 35 5 0 3 0 1 0 3 0 1 0 84
5:45 - 6:00 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
6:00 - 6:15 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
6:15 - 6:30 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
6:30 - 6:45 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
6:45 - 7:00 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
14 540 28 0 19 335 19 0 20 0 19 0 29 0 22 0 1045
Turning Movement Count
All Vehicles
Location Kalispell - Stillwater and August
Date Sept. 9 and 10, 2025
Northbound Southbound Eastbound Westbound
Left Thr Right Peds Left Thr Right Peds Left Thr Right Peds Left Thr Right Peds TOTAL
7:00 - 7:15 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
7:15 - 7:30 0 39 0 0 0 15 0 0 4 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 58
7:30 - 7:45 4 92 0 0 0 32 1 0 0 0 3 0 0 0 0 0 132
7:45 - 8:00 3 93 0 0 0 35 1 0 4 0 3 0 0 0 0 0 139
8:00 - 8:15 2 103 0 0 0 29 2 0 3 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 141
8:15 - 8:30 2 30 0 0 0 36 1 0 0 0 3 0 0 0 0 0 72
8:30 - 8:45 2 19 0 0 0 21 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 44
8:45 - 9:00 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
9:00 - 9:15 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
9:15 - 9:30 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
9:30 - 9:45 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
9:45 - 10:00 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
10:00 - 10:15 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
10:15 - 10:30 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
10:30 - 10:45 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
10:45 - 11:00 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
11:00 - 11:15 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
11:15 - 11:30 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
11:30 - 11:45 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
11:45 - 12:00 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
12:00 - 12:15 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
12:15 - 12:30 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
12:30 - 12:45 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
12:45 - 1:00 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
1:00 - 1:15 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
1:15 - 1:30 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
1:30 - 1:45 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
1:45 - 2:00 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
2:00 - 2:15 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
2:15 - 2:30 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
2:30 - 2:45 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
2:45 - 3:00 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
3:00 - 3:15 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
3:15 - 3:30 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
3:30 - 3:45 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
3:45 - 4:00 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
4:00 - 4:15 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
4:15 - 4:30 3 20 0 0 0 19 3 0 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 48
4:30 - 4:45 2 29 0 0 0 40 1 0 1 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 75
4:45 - 5:00 5 23 0 0 0 32 1 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 63
5:00 - 5:15 0 23 0 0 0 37 3 0 3 0 3 0 0 0 0 0 69
5:15 - 5:30 5 36 0 0 0 25 1 0 2 0 5 0 0 0 0 0 74
5:30 - 5:45 2 35 0 0 0 37 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 77
5:45 - 6:00 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
6:00 - 6:15 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
6:15 - 6:30 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
6:30 - 6:45 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
6:45 - 7:00 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
30 542 0 0 0 358 16 0 23 0 23 0 0 0 0 0 992
Turning Movement Count
All Vehicles
Location Kalispell - Stillwater and 4-mile
Date Sept. 9 and 10, 2025
Northbound Southbound Eastbound Westbound
Left Thr Right Peds Left Thr Right Peds Left Thr Right Peds Left Thr Right Peds TOTAL
7:00 - 7:15 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
7:15 - 7:30 1 29 16 0 20 2 0 0 2 3 0 0 6 4 22 0 105
7:30 - 7:45 0 35 15 0 41 5 1 0 5 8 1 0 6 7 60 0 184
7:45 - 8:00 0 52 14 0 41 7 1 0 1 6 1 0 2 3 47 0 175
8:00 - 8:15 0 36 13 0 31 6 0 0 1 8 0 0 6 5 55 0 161
8:15 - 8:30 0 8 4 0 34 6 0 0 0 6 0 0 0 5 20 0 83
8:30 - 8:45 0 7 9 0 23 3 0 0 1 3 0 0 8 2 16 0 72
8:45 - 9:00 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
9:00 - 9:15 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
9:15 - 9:30 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
9:30 - 9:45 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
9:45 - 10:00 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
10:00 - 10:15 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
10:15 - 10:30 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
10:30 - 10:45 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
10:45 - 11:00 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
11:00 - 11:15 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
11:15 - 11:30 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
11:30 - 11:45 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
11:45 - 12:00 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
12:00 - 12:15 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
12:15 - 12:30 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
12:30 - 12:45 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
12:45 - 1:00 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
1:00 - 1:15 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
1:15 - 1:30 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
1:30 - 1:45 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
1:45 - 2:00 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
2:00 - 2:15 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
2:15 - 2:30 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
2:30 - 2:45 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
2:45 - 3:00 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
3:00 - 3:15 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
3:15 - 3:30 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
3:30 - 3:45 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
3:45 - 4:00 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
4:00 - 4:15 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
4:15 - 4:30 0 9 8 0 17 10 0 0 0 10 1 0 22 9 28 0 114
4:30 - 4:45 0 7 5 0 37 9 0 0 0 4 0 0 20 7 40 0 129
4:45 - 5:00 0 6 9 0 35 8 1 0 0 3 0 0 19 6 28 0 115
5:00 - 5:15 0 7 11 0 32 9 0 0 0 7 1 0 15 7 43 0 132
5:15 - 5:30 0 10 5 0 37 5 1 0 2 2 0 0 17 11 30 0 120
5:30 - 5:45 1 8 14 0 26 18 0 0 0 3 1 0 18 11 37 0 137
5:45 - 6:00 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
6:00 - 6:15 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
6:15 - 6:30 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
6:30 - 6:45 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
6:45 - 7:00 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
2 214 123 0 374 88 4 0 12 63 5 0 139 77 426 0 1527
For Project:
Project Notes:
Location/Name:
Report Generated:
Speed Intervals
Time Intervals
Traffic Report From
85th Percentile Speed
85th Percentile Vehicles
Max Speed
Total Vehicles
AADT:
Volumes -
weekly counts
Average Daily
AM Peak
PM Peak
Speed
Speed Limit:
85th Percentile Speed:
50th Percentile Speed:
10 MPH Pace Interval:
Average Speed:
Sunday
Count over limit N/A
% over limit N/A
Avg Speeder N/A
Avg Speed N/A
Class Counts
VEH_SM
VEH_MED
VEH_LG
[VEH_SM=motorcycle,
5 Day
371
353
1806
Wednesday
43.0 MPH
1066
353
371
1806
7 Day
Thursday
N/A
Friday
N/A
Saturday
N/A
N/A 73.975.5
40.8N/A 41.6
N/A 39.4 38.8
Number
30
3263
320
VEH_MED = sedan,
N/A N/AN/A
%
0.8
90.3
8.9
VEH_LG = truck]
Tuesday
10:55:06 AM
to
11:00:00 AM
on
N/AN/A N/A
N/A N/AN/A
9/9/2025
through 9/10/2025
6:18:36 PM
11:59:59 AM
Stillwater
N/A
Monday
39.16
33.0 MPH
39
45
35
3:00 PM
7:00 AM
Time
3468
3613
82 MPH
9/9/2025
12/16/2025
Instant
Merged
1 MPH
45 MPH
3071
1640
9/8/2025 to 9/14/2025
Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Saturday Sunday Week Weekend Week Day 85%
Hour 9/8/2025 9/9/2025 9/10/2025 9/11/2025 9/13/2025 9/14/2025 Day Avg Avg Avg Speed
0 - 1 * * 3 * * * 3 0 40
1 - 2 * * 6 * * * 6 0 38
2 - 3 * * 3 * * * 3 0 44
3 - 4 * * 12 * * * 12 0 46.5
4 - 5 * * 10 * * * 10 0 43
5 - 6 * * 32 * * * 32 0 43
6 - 7 * * 101 * * * 101 0 42.8
7 - 8 * * 371 * * * 371 0 42.5
8 - 9 * * 299 * * * 299 0 43.4
9 - 10 * * 177 * * * 177 0 42.5
10 - 11 * * 178 * * * 178 0 43.8
11 - 12 * 87 250 * * * 168.5 0 43.3
12 - 13 * 246 * * * * 246 0 44.9
13 - 14 * 177 * * * * 177 0 43.9
14 - 15 * 190 * * * * 190 0 45
15 - 16 * 353 * * * * 353 0 45.3
16 - 17 * 247 * * * * 247 0 44.7
17 - 18 * 290 * * * * 290 0 43.8
18 - 19 * 227 * * * * 227 0 46
19 - 20 * 134 * * * * 134 0 44.7
20 - 21 * 120 * * * * 120 0 43.3
21 - 22 * 57 * * * * 57 0 44.2
22 - 23 * 30 * * * * 30 0 42.7
23 - 24 * 13 * * * * 13 0 40
Totals 0 2171 1442 0 0 0
% of Total 0% 60.09% 39.91% 0% 0% 0%
Page 1
*
*
0
0%
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
Friday
9/12/2025
*
*
Merged Weekly Counts
Stillwater from Tue-Sep-09-2025-11-00-AM to Wed-Sep-10-2025-11-59-AM
APPENDIX B
Traffic Model
Starling Traffic Model Seasonal Factor 1.0 Starling Traffic Model
Existing AM 2025 Existing PM 2025
Peak Hour (15 Min x 4)Peak Hour (15 Min x 4)
20 24 12 32
48 128 48 248
Reserve Drive 36 124 Reserve Drive 48 36
12 44 4 44
236 40 136 44
140 84 36 40
0 8 8 8
132 0 128 0
8 4 4 32
12 4 Timberwolf Parkway 8 20 Timberwolf Parkway
0 416 0 140
12 12 4 8
8 4
140 148
August Way 12 8 August Way 8 20
412 144
8 20
4 240 0 148
20 28 72 44
164 24 104 72
Four Mile Drive 20 4 Four Mile Drive 8 4
32 140 12 32
4 60 4 56
Stillwater Road Stillwater Road
Starling Traffic Model Starling Traffic Model
AM Traffic PM Traffic
Site Generated Site Generated
Existing Phases 1-4 Existing Phases 1-4
0 0
Reserve Drive 1 Reserve Drive 3
0 0
0 0
0 2 1 2
1 3 4 2
1 2
0 0 1 1
60%60%
2 1 Timberwolf Parkway 1 4 Timberwolf Parkway
1 1 0 1
IN 4 4 IN 12 3
OUT 11 OUT 7
0 1
4 3
40%40%
August Way 1 1 August Way 1 3
1 4
3 2
IN 4 IN 12
7 3 OUT 11 4 8 OUT 7
1 2 0 5
1 1
5 3
Four Mile Drive 0 Four Mile Drive 1
1 2
10 12
Stillwater Road Stillwater Road
Starling Traffic Model Starling Traffic Model
AM Traffic PM Traffic
Site Generated Site Generated
Proposed Phases 5 & 6 Proposed Phases 5 & 6
0 1
Reserve Drive 2 Reserve Drive 7
1 1
1 1
0 7 1 4
3 9 10 6
2 6
1 1 4 2
60%60%
5 4 Timberwolf Parkway 3 12 Timberwolf Parkway
2 3 1 2
IN 10 10 IN 32 7
OUT 29 OUT 19
1 4
10 7
40%40%
August Way 3 3 August Way 2 9
4 12
8 5
IN 10 IN 32
19 6 OUT 29 12 20 OUT 19
2 4 1 14
4 2
13 9
Four Mile Drive 1 Four Mile Drive 2
1 4
25 33
Stillwater Road Stillwater Road
Starling Traffic Model Starling Traffic Model
AM Traffic PM Traffic
Site Generated Site Generated
Future Phases 7 & 8 Future Phases 7 & 8
0 1
Reserve Drive 3 Reserve Drive 11
2 1
1 1
1 9 2 6
4 13 14 8
3 8
2 1 6 3
60%60%
8 5 Timberwolf Parkway 5 17 Timberwolf Parkway
3 5 2 3
IN 14 15 IN 47 10
OUT 42 OUT 28
2 6
15 10
40%40%
August Way 5 4 August Way 3 13
5 17
12 8
IN 14 IN 47
27 9 OUT 42 18 30 OUT 28
3 6 2 21
5 4
19 13
Four Mile Drive 1 Four Mile Drive 3
2 6
36 48
Stillwater Road Stillwater Road
Starling Traffic Model Starling Traffic Model
AM Traffic PM Traffic
Other Projects Projected Traffic Other Projects Projected Traffic
North View West North View West
Spartan Holdings 17 164 Spartan Holdings 27 170
103 63 166 60
Reserve Drive 98 Reserve Drive 180
64 63 66 60
136 155
103 166
Timberwolf Parkway Timberwolf Parkway
136 155
103 166
August Way August Way
136 155
103 136 166 155
10 95 17 109
21 33
72 116
Four Mile Drive 14 Four Mile Drive 16
27 31
Stillwater Road Stillwater Road
Starling Traffic Model Starling Traffic Model
AM Traffic PM Traffic
Other Projects Projected Traffic Other Projects Projected Traffic
Timberwolf Ridge Timberwolf Ridge
Reserve Drive 8 Reserve Drive 34
26 20
9 6
8 27
3 19 10 12
Timberwolf Parkway Timberwolf Parkway
25 16
6 21
11 7
23 27 17
4 26 12
August Way August Way
19 29
8 28
23 19 27 29
3 21 2 73
8 5
67 43
Four Mile Drive 1 Four Mile Drive 4
2 8
Stillwater Road Stillwater Road
Starling Traffic Model Growth Factor 1.03 Starling Traffic Model
AM Traffic 2025 to 2028 PM Traffic
Total Projected Traffic Total Projected Traffic
No-Build No-Build
2028 38 189 2028 39 203
153 195 216 315
Reserve Drive 135 137 Reserve Drive 229 74
76 109 70 106
Includes: 243 178 140 201
North 144 115 38 63
Spartan
Timberwolf
Starling 1-4 1 17 10 14
247 0 326 1
11 23 14 45
14 6 Timberwolf Parkway 10 25 Timberwolf Parkway
1 591 0 316
16 18 7 29
9 11 6 7
274 0 348 17
4 26 12 0
August Way 14 9 August Way 9 24
0 581 0 337
11 8 23 28
18 365 19 339
51 29 113 45
313 25 269 74
Four Mile Drive 35 4 Four Mile Drive 29 4
33 174 12 73
4 62 4 58
Stillwater Road Stillwater Road
Starling Traffic Model Starling Traffic Model
AM Traffic PM Traffic
Total Projected Traffic Total Projected Traffic
All Developments All Developments
2028 38 189 2028 39 203
153 195 217 315
Reserve Drive 135 139 Reserve Drive 229 81
76 110 70 106
243 178 140 201
145 122 39 67
3 17 16 14
249 1 330 3
11 23 14 45
20 9 Timberwolf Parkway 13 36 Timberwolf Parkway
2 594 2 318
27 18 13 29
10 11 9 7
285 0 355 17
4 26 12 0
August Way 17 12 August Way 11 33
0 584 0 348
19 8 28 28
20 370 20 354
54 29 116 45
326 25 278 74
Four Mile Drive 36 4 Four Mile Drive 31 4
33 175 12 78
4 62 1138 2.2%PH 5,6 4 58 1073 3.0%PH 5,6
6.2%ALL 8.6%ALL
Stillwater Road Stillwater Road
2.6%Average
Starling Traffic Model Growth Factor 1.05 Starling Traffic Model
AM Traffic 2028 to 2033 PM Traffic
Total Projected Traffic Total Projected Traffic
All Developments All Developments
2033 38 189 2033 40 204
154 197 219 320
Reserve Drive 136 145 Reserve Drive 230 92
77 113 70 109
248 180 143 203
148 133 42 74
5 17 25 14
253 2 338 5
11 23 14 46
27 14 Timberwolf Parkway 18 54 Timberwolf Parkway
5 608 3 324
42 19 24 29
12 11 15 7
303 0 368 17
4 26 12 0
August Way 22 16 August Way 15 46
0 598 0 368
31 8 36 28
23 381 22 378
60 29 121 46
348 25 293 76
Four Mile Drive 37 4 Four Mile Drive 34 4
34 180 13 84
4 63 4 59
Stillwater Road Stillwater Road
APPENDIX C
LOS Calculations
HCM 7th Roundabout3: Stillwater & West Reserve 12/16/2025
1 Existing 2025 AM 10:36 am 10/29/2025 Baseline Synchro 12 Report
Page 1
Intersection
Intersection Delay, s/veh 5.7Intersection LOS A
Approach EB WB NB SB
Entry Lanes 1 1 1 1Conflicting Circle Lanes 1 1 1 1Adj Approach Flow, veh/h 388 276 168 104Demand Flow Rate, veh/h 396 281 172 106Vehicles Circulating, veh/h 212 98 290 302Vehicles Exiting, veh/h 196 364 318 77Ped Vol Crossing Leg, #/h 0 0 0 0Ped Cap Adj 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000Approach Delay, s/veh 6.9 4.9 5.1 4.6Approach LOS A A A A
Lane Left Left Left Left
Designated Moves LTR LTR LTR LTRAssumed Moves LTR LTR LTR LTRRT ChannelizedLane Util 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000Follow-Up Headway, s 2.609 2.609 2.609 2.609Critical Headway, s 4.976 4.976 4.976 4.976A (Intercept) 1380 1380 1380 1380B (Slope) 1.02e-3 1.02e-3 1.02e-3 1.02e-3Entry Flow, veh/h 396 281 172 106Cap Entry Lane, veh/h 1112 1249 1027 1014Entry HV Adj Factor 0.980 0.984 0.978 0.982Flow Entry, veh/h 388 276 168 104Cap Entry, veh/h 1090 1228 1004 995V/C Ratio 0.356 0.225 0.168 0.105Control Delay, s/veh 6.9 4.9 5.1 4.6LOS A A A A95th %tile Queue, veh 2 1 1 0
HCM 7th Roundabout3: Stillwater & West Reserve 12/16/2025
2 Existing 2025 PM 11:08 am 10/29/2025 Baseline Synchro 12 Report
Page 1
Intersection
Intersection Delay, s/veh 4.8Intersection LOS A
Approach EB WB NB SB
Entry Lanes 1 1 1 1Conflicting Circle Lanes 1 1 1 1Adj Approach Flow, veh/h 176 316 128 108Demand Flow Rate, veh/h 180 323 131 110Vehicles Circulating, veh/h 135 94 192 335Vehicles Exiting, veh/h 310 229 123 82Ped Vol Crossing Leg, #/h 0 0 0 0Ped Cap Adj 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000Approach Delay, s/veh 4.3 5.2 4.2 4.8Approach LOS A A A A
Lane Left Left Left Left
Designated Moves LTR LTR LTR LTRAssumed Moves LTR LTR LTR LTRRT ChannelizedLane Util 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000Follow-Up Headway, s 2.609 2.609 2.609 2.609Critical Headway, s 4.976 4.976 4.976 4.976A (Intercept) 1380 1380 1380 1380B (Slope) 1.02e-3 1.02e-3 1.02e-3 1.02e-3Entry Flow, veh/h 180 323 131 110Cap Entry Lane, veh/h 1202 1254 1134 981Entry HV Adj Factor 0.979 0.978 0.978 0.982Flow Entry, veh/h 176 316 128 108Cap Entry, veh/h 1177 1227 1109 963V/C Ratio 0.150 0.258 0.115 0.112Control Delay, s/veh 4.3 5.2 4.2 4.8LOS A A A A95th %tile Queue, veh 1 1 0 0
HCM 7th TWSC6: Stillwater & 4 Mile 12/16/2025
1 Existing 2025 AM 10:36 am 10/29/2025 Baseline Synchro 12 Report
Page 1
Intersection
Int Delay, s/veh 7.9
Movement EBL EBT EBR WBL WBT WBR NBL NBT NBR SBL SBT SBR
Lane ConfigurationsTraffic Vol, veh/h 20 32 4 24 28 240 4 140 60 164 20 4Future Vol, veh/h 20 32 4 24 28 240 4 140 60 164 20 4Conflicting Peds, #/hr 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0Sign Control Stop Stop Stop Stop Stop Stop Free Free Free Free Free FreeRT Channelized - - None - - None - - None - - NoneStorage Length 150 - - 150 - - - - - 150 - -Veh in Median Storage, # - 0 - - 0 - - 0 - - 0 -Grade, % - 0 - - 0 - - 0 - - 0 -Peak Hour Factor 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100Heavy Vehicles, % 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2Mvmt Flow 20 32 4 24 28 240 4 140 60 164 20 4
Major/Minor Minor2 Minor1 Major1 Major2
Conflicting Flow All 512 558 22 542 530 170 24 0 0 200 0 0 Stage 1 350 350 - 178 178 - - - - - - - Stage 2 162 208 - 364 352 - - - - - - -Critical Hdwy 7.12 6.52 6.22 7.12 6.52 6.22 4.12 - - 4.12 - -Critical Hdwy Stg 1 6.12 5.52 - 6.12 5.52 - - - - - - -Critical Hdwy Stg 2 6.12 5.52 - 6.12 5.52 - - - - - - -Follow-up Hdwy 3.518 4.018 3.318 3.518 4.018 3.318 2.218 - - 2.218 - -Pot Cap-1 Maneuver 472 438 1055 451 455 874 1591 - - 1372 - - Stage 1 666 633 - 824 752 - - - - - - - Stage 2 840 730 - 655 632 - - - - - - -Platoon blocked, % - - - -Mov Cap-1 Maneuver 282 385 1055 366 399 874 1591 - - 1372 - -Mov Cap-2 Maneuver 282 385 - 366 399 - - - - - - - Stage 1 587 557 - 821 750 - - - - - - - Stage 2 585 728 - 542 556 - - - - - - -
Approach EB WB NB SB
HCM Ctrl Dly, s/v 16.03 12.34 0.14 6.96HCM LOS C B
Minor Lane/Major Mvmt NBL NBT NBREBLn1EBLn2WBLn1WBLn2 SBL SBT SBR
Capacity (veh/h) 33 - - 282 414 366 777 1372 - -HCM Lane V/C Ratio 0.003 - - 0.071 0.087 0.066 0.345 0.12 - -HCM Ctrl Dly (s/v) 7.3 0 - 18.7 14.5 15.5 12 8 - -HCM Lane LOS A A - C B C B A - -HCM 95th %tile Q(veh) 0 - - 0.2 0.3 0.2 1.5 0.4 - -
HCM 7th TWSC9: Stillwater & Timberwolf 12/16/2025
1 Existing 2025 AM 10:36 am 10/29/2025 Baseline Synchro 12 Report
Page 2
Intersection
Int Delay, s/veh 0.8
Movement EBL EBT EBR WBL WBT WBR NBL NBT NBR SBL SBT SBR
Lane ConfigurationsTraffic Vol, veh/h 12 0 12 4 0 8 4 416 12 8 132 0Future Vol, veh/h 12 0 12 4 0 8 4 416 12 8 132 0Conflicting Peds, #/hr 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0Sign Control Stop Stop Stop Stop Stop Stop Free Free Free Free Free FreeRT Channelized - - None - - None - - None - - NoneStorage Length 100 - - 100 - - - - - - - -Veh in Median Storage, # - 0 - - 0 - - 0 - - 0 -Grade, % - 0 - - 0 - - 0 - - 0 -Peak Hour Factor 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100Heavy Vehicles, % 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2Mvmt Flow 12 0 12 4 0 8 4 416 12 8 132 0
Major/Minor Minor2 Minor1 Major1 Major2
Conflicting Flow All 572 584 132 578 578 422 132 0 0 428 0 0 Stage 1 148 148 - 430 430 - - - - - - - Stage 2 424 436 - 148 148 - - - - - - -Critical Hdwy 7.12 6.52 6.22 7.12 6.52 6.22 4.12 - - 4.12 - -Critical Hdwy Stg 1 6.12 5.52 - 6.12 5.52 - - - - - - -Critical Hdwy Stg 2 6.12 5.52 - 6.12 5.52 - - - - - - -Follow-up Hdwy 3.518 4.018 3.318 3.518 4.018 3.318 2.218 - - 2.218 - -Pot Cap-1 Maneuver 431 423 917 427 427 632 1453 - - 1131 - - Stage 1 855 775 - 603 583 - - - - - - - Stage 2 608 580 - 855 775 - - - - - - -Platoon blocked, % - - - -Mov Cap-1 Maneuver 421 419 917 417 422 632 1453 - - 1131 - -Mov Cap-2 Maneuver 421 419 - 417 422 - - - - - - - Stage 1 848 769 - 601 581 - - - - - - - Stage 2 598 578 - 837 769 - - - - - - -
Approach EB WB NB SB
HCM Ctrl Dly, s/v 11.39 11.76 0.07 0.47HCM LOS B B
Minor Lane/Major Mvmt NBL NBT NBREBLn1EBLn2WBLn1WBLn2 SBL SBT SBR
Capacity (veh/h) 17 - - 421 917 417 632 103 - -HCM Lane V/C Ratio 0.003 - - 0.029 0.013 0.01 0.013 0.007 - -HCM Ctrl Dly (s/v) 7.5 0 - 13.8 9 13.7 10.8 8.2 0 -HCM Lane LOS A A - B A B B A A -HCM 95th %tile Q(veh) 0 - - 0.1 0 0 0 0 - -
HCM 7th TWSC12: Stillwater & August 12/16/2025
1 Existing 2025 AM 10:36 am 10/29/2025 Baseline Synchro 12 Report
Page 3
Intersection
Int Delay, s/veh 0.5
Movement EBL EBT EBR WBL WBT WBR NBL NBT NBR SBL SBT SBR
Lane ConfigurationsTraffic Vol, veh/h 12 0 8 0 0 0 8 412 0 0 140 8Future Vol, veh/h 12 0 8 0 0 0 8 412 0 0 140 8Conflicting Peds, #/hr 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0Sign Control Stop Stop Stop Stop Stop Stop Free Free Free Free Free FreeRT Channelized - - None - - None - - None - - NoneStorage Length - - - - - - - - - - - -Veh in Median Storage, # - 0 - - 0 - - 0 - - 0 -Grade, % - 0 - - 0 - - 0 - - 0 -Peak Hour Factor 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100Heavy Vehicles, % 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2Mvmt Flow 12 0 8 0 0 0 8 412 0 0 140 8
Major/Minor Minor2 Minor1 Major1 Major2
Conflicting Flow All 572 572 144 568 576 412 148 0 0 412 0 0 Stage 1 144 144 - 428 428 - - - - - - - Stage 2 428 428 - 140 148 - - - - - - -Critical Hdwy 7.12 6.52 6.22 7.12 6.52 6.22 4.12 - - 4.12 - -Critical Hdwy Stg 1 6.12 5.52 - 6.12 5.52 - - - - - - -Critical Hdwy Stg 2 6.12 5.52 - 6.12 5.52 - - - - - - -Follow-up Hdwy 3.518 4.018 3.318 3.518 4.018 3.318 2.218 - - 2.218 - -Pot Cap-1 Maneuver 431 430 903 434 428 640 1434 - - 1147 - - Stage 1 859 778 - 605 585 - - - - - - - Stage 2 605 585 - 863 775 - - - - - - -Platoon blocked, % - - - -Mov Cap-1 Maneuver 428 427 903 427 425 640 1434 - - 1147 - -Mov Cap-2 Maneuver 428 427 - 427 425 - - - - - - - Stage 1 859 778 - 601 580 - - - - - - - Stage 2 601 580 - 855 775 - - - - - - -
Approach EB WB NB SB
HCM Ctrl Dly, s/v 11.9 0 0.14 0HCM LOS B A
Minor Lane/Major Mvmt NBL NBT NBREBLn1WBLn1 SBL SBT SBR
Capacity (veh/h) 34 - - 542 - 1147 - -HCM Lane V/C Ratio 0.006 - - 0.037 - - - -HCM Ctrl Dly (s/v) 7.5 0 - 11.9 0 0 - -HCM Lane LOS A A - B A A - -HCM 95th %tile Q(veh) 0 - - 0.1 - 0 - -
HCM 7th TWSC6: Stillwater & 4 Mile 12/16/2025
2 Existing 2025 PM 11:08 am 10/29/2025 Baseline Synchro 12 Report
Page 1
Intersection
Int Delay, s/veh 7.3
Movement EBL EBT EBR WBL WBT WBR NBL NBT NBR SBL SBT SBR
Lane ConfigurationsTraffic Vol, veh/h 8 12 4 72 44 148 4 32 56 104 72 0Future Vol, veh/h 8 12 4 72 44 148 4 32 56 104 72 0Conflicting Peds, #/hr 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0Sign Control Stop Stop Stop Stop Stop Stop Free Free Free Free Free FreeRT Channelized - - None - - None - - None - - NoneStorage Length 150 - - 150 - - - - - 150 - -Veh in Median Storage, # - 0 - - 0 - - 0 - - 0 -Grade, % - 0 - - 0 - - 0 - - 0 -Peak Hour Factor 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100Heavy Vehicles, % 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2Mvmt Flow 8 12 4 72 44 148 4 32 56 104 72 0
Major/Minor Minor2 Minor1 Major1 Major2
Conflicting Flow All 342 376 72 354 348 60 72 0 0 88 0 0 Stage 1 280 280 - 68 68 - - - - - - - Stage 2 62 96 - 286 280 - - - - - - -Critical Hdwy 7.12 6.52 6.22 7.12 6.52 6.22 4.12 - - 4.12 - -Critical Hdwy Stg 1 6.12 5.52 - 6.12 5.52 - - - - - - -Critical Hdwy Stg 2 6.12 5.52 - 6.12 5.52 - - - - - - -Follow-up Hdwy 3.518 4.018 3.318 3.518 4.018 3.318 2.218 - - 2.218 - -Pot Cap-1 Maneuver 612 555 990 601 576 1005 1528 - - 1508 - - Stage 1 727 679 - 942 838 - - - - - - - Stage 2 949 815 - 721 679 - - - - - - -Platoon blocked, % - - - -Mov Cap-1 Maneuver 447 516 990 544 534 1005 1528 - - 1508 - -Mov Cap-2 Maneuver 447 516 - 544 534 - - - - - - - Stage 1 677 632 - 940 836 - - - - - - - Stage 2 765 813 - 656 632 - - - - - - -
Approach EB WB NB SB
HCM Ctrl Dly, s/v 11.94 11.14 0.32 4.47HCM LOS B B
Minor Lane/Major Mvmt NBL NBT NBREBLn1EBLn2WBLn1WBLn2 SBL SBT SBR
Capacity (veh/h) 69 - - 447 586 544 837 1508 - -HCM Lane V/C Ratio 0.003 - - 0.018 0.027 0.132 0.23 0.069 - -HCM Ctrl Dly (s/v) 7.4 0 - 13.2 11.3 12.6 10.6 7.6 - -HCM Lane LOS A A - B B B B A - -HCM 95th %tile Q(veh) 0 - - 0.1 0.1 0.5 0.9 0.2 - -
HCM 7th TWSC9: Stillwater & Timberwolf 12/16/2025
2 Existing 2025 PM 11:08 am 10/29/2025 Baseline Synchro 12 Report
Page 2
Intersection
Int Delay, s/veh 2
Movement EBL EBT EBR WBL WBT WBR NBL NBT NBR SBL SBT SBR
Lane ConfigurationsTraffic Vol, veh/h 8 0 4 32 0 8 20 140 8 4 128 8Future Vol, veh/h 8 0 4 32 0 8 20 140 8 4 128 8Conflicting Peds, #/hr 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0Sign Control Stop Stop Stop Stop Stop Stop Free Free Free Free Free FreeRT Channelized - - None - - None - - None - - NoneStorage Length 100 - - 100 - - - - - - - -Veh in Median Storage, # - 0 - - 0 - - 0 - - 0 -Grade, % - 0 - - 0 - - 0 - - 0 -Peak Hour Factor 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100Heavy Vehicles, % 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2Mvmt Flow 8 0 4 32 0 8 20 140 8 4 128 8
Major/Minor Minor2 Minor1 Major1 Major2
Conflicting Flow All 320 328 132 320 328 144 136 0 0 148 0 0 Stage 1 140 140 - 184 184 - - - - - - - Stage 2 180 188 - 136 144 - - - - - - -Critical Hdwy 7.12 6.52 6.22 7.12 6.52 6.22 4.12 - - 4.12 - -Critical Hdwy Stg 1 6.12 5.52 - 6.12 5.52 - - - - - - -Critical Hdwy Stg 2 6.12 5.52 - 6.12 5.52 - - - - - - -Follow-up Hdwy 3.518 4.018 3.318 3.518 4.018 3.318 2.218 - - 2.218 - -Pot Cap-1 Maneuver 633 591 917 633 591 903 1448 - - 1434 - - Stage 1 863 781 - 818 747 - - - - - - - Stage 2 822 745 - 867 778 - - - - - - -Platoon blocked, % - - - -Mov Cap-1 Maneuver 616 580 917 619 580 903 1448 - - 1434 - -Mov Cap-2 Maneuver 616 580 - 619 580 - - - - - - - Stage 1 860 778 - 805 736 - - - - - - - Stage 2 802 733 - 861 775 - - - - - - -
Approach EB WB NB SB
HCM Ctrl Dly, s/v 10.26 10.71 0.9 0.21HCM LOS B B
Minor Lane/Major Mvmt NBL NBT NBREBLn1EBLn2WBLn1WBLn2 SBL SBT SBR
Capacity (veh/h) 212 - - 616 917 619 903 51 - -HCM Lane V/C Ratio 0.014 - - 0.013 0.004 0.052 0.009 0.003 - -HCM Ctrl Dly (s/v) 7.5 0 - 10.9 8.9 11.1 9 7.5 0 -HCM Lane LOS A A - B A B A A A -HCM 95th %tile Q(veh) 0 - - 0 0 0.2 0 0 - -
HCM 7th TWSC12: Stillwater & August 12/16/2025
2 Existing 2025 PM 11:08 am 10/29/2025 Baseline Synchro 12 Report
Page 3
Intersection
Int Delay, s/veh 1.2
Movement EBL EBT EBR WBL WBT WBR NBL NBT NBR SBL SBT SBR
Lane ConfigurationsTraffic Vol, veh/h 8 0 20 0 0 0 20 144 0 0 148 4Future Vol, veh/h 8 0 20 0 0 0 20 144 0 0 148 4Conflicting Peds, #/hr 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0Sign Control Stop Stop Stop Stop Stop Stop Free Free Free Free Free FreeRT Channelized - - None - - None - - None - - NoneStorage Length - - - - - - - - - - - -Veh in Median Storage, # - 0 - - 0 - - 0 - - 0 -Grade, % - 0 - - 0 - - 0 - - 0 -Peak Hour Factor 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100Heavy Vehicles, % 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2Mvmt Flow 8 0 20 0 0 0 20 144 0 0 148 4
Major/Minor Minor2 Minor1 Major1 Major2
Conflicting Flow All 334 334 150 332 336 144 152 0 0 144 0 0 Stage 1 150 150 - 184 184 - - - - - - - Stage 2 184 184 - 148 152 - - - - - - -Critical Hdwy 7.12 6.52 6.22 7.12 6.52 6.22 4.12 - - 4.12 - -Critical Hdwy Stg 1 6.12 5.52 - 6.12 5.52 - - - - - - -Critical Hdwy Stg 2 6.12 5.52 - 6.12 5.52 - - - - - - -Follow-up Hdwy 3.518 4.018 3.318 3.518 4.018 3.318 2.218 - - 2.218 - -Pot Cap-1 Maneuver 620 586 896 621 585 903 1429 - - 1438 - - Stage 1 853 773 - 818 747 - - - - - - - Stage 2 818 747 - 855 772 - - - - - - -Platoon blocked, % - - - -Mov Cap-1 Maneuver 610 577 896 598 576 903 1429 - - 1438 - -Mov Cap-2 Maneuver 610 577 - 598 576 - - - - - - - Stage 1 853 773 - 805 736 - - - - - - - Stage 2 805 736 - 836 772 - - - - - - -
Approach EB WB NB SB
HCM Ctrl Dly, s/v 9.72 0 0.92 0HCM LOS A A
Minor Lane/Major Mvmt NBL NBT NBREBLn1WBLn1 SBL SBT SBR
Capacity (veh/h) 220 - - 790 - 1438 - -HCM Lane V/C Ratio 0.014 - - 0.035 - - - -HCM Ctrl Dly (s/v) 7.6 0 - 9.7 0 0 - -HCM Lane LOS A A - A A A - -HCM 95th %tile Q(veh) 0 - - 0.1 - 0 - -
HCM 7th Roundabout3: Stillwater & West Reserve 12/16/2025
3 No-Build 2028 AM 11:14 am 10/29/2025 Baseline Synchro 12 Report
Page 1
Intersection
Intersection Delay, s/veh 10.7Intersection LOS B
Approach EB WB NB SB
Entry Lanes 1 1 1 1Conflicting Circle Lanes 1 1 1 1Adj Approach Flow, veh/h 463 521 402 326Demand Flow Rate, veh/h 473 532 410 333Vehicles Circulating, veh/h 434 371 464 450Vehicles Exiting, veh/h 349 503 443 453Ped Vol Crossing Leg, #/h 0 0 0 0Ped Cap Adj 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000Approach Delay, s/veh 11.5 11.6 10.5 8.7Approach LOS B B B A
Lane Left Left Left Left
Designated Moves LTR LTR LTR LTRAssumed Moves LTR LTR LTR LTRRT ChannelizedLane Util 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000Follow-Up Headway, s 2.609 2.609 2.609 2.609Critical Headway, s 4.976 4.976 4.976 4.976A (Intercept) 1380 1380 1380 1380B (Slope) 1.02e-3 1.02e-3 1.02e-3 1.02e-3Entry Flow, veh/h 473 532 410 333Cap Entry Lane, veh/h 886 945 860 872Entry HV Adj Factor 0.979 0.980 0.982 0.979Flow Entry, veh/h 463 521 402 326Cap Entry, veh/h 868 926 844 854V/C Ratio 0.534 0.563 0.477 0.382Control Delay, s/veh 11.5 11.6 10.5 8.7LOS B B B A95th %tile Queue, veh 3 4 3 2
HCM 7th Roundabout3: Stillwater & West Reserve 12/16/2025
4 No-Build 2028 PM 11:15 am 10/29/2025 Baseline Synchro 12 Report
Page 1
Intersection
Intersection Delay, s/veh 12.2Intersection LOS B
Approach EB WB NB SB
Entry Lanes 1 1 1 1Conflicting Circle Lanes 1 1 1 1Adj Approach Flow, veh/h 248 592 370 484Demand Flow Rate, veh/h 253 603 377 494Vehicles Circulating, veh/h 529 384 448 504Vehicles Exiting, veh/h 469 441 334 483Ped Vol Crossing Leg, #/h 0 0 0 0Ped Cap Adj 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000Approach Delay, s/veh 8.2 14.1 9.5 13.9Approach LOS A B A B
Lane Left Left Left Left
Designated Moves LTR LTR LTR LTRAssumed Moves LTR LTR LTR LTRRT ChannelizedLane Util 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000Follow-Up Headway, s 2.609 2.609 2.609 2.609Critical Headway, s 4.976 4.976 4.976 4.976A (Intercept) 1380 1380 1380 1380B (Slope) 1.02e-3 1.02e-3 1.02e-3 1.02e-3Entry Flow, veh/h 253 603 377 494Cap Entry Lane, veh/h 804 933 874 825Entry HV Adj Factor 0.981 0.981 0.981 0.979Flow Entry, veh/h 248 592 370 484Cap Entry, veh/h 789 915 858 808V/C Ratio 0.314 0.647 0.431 0.599Control Delay, s/veh 8.2 14.1 9.5 13.9LOS A B A B95th %tile Queue, veh 1 5 2 4
HCM 7th TWSC9: Stillwater & Timberwolf 12/16/2025
3 No-Build 2028 AM 11:14 am 10/29/2025 Baseline Synchro 12 Report
Page 1
Intersection
Int Delay, s/veh 1.4
Movement EBL EBT EBR WBL WBT WBR NBL NBT NBR SBL SBT SBR
Lane ConfigurationsTraffic Vol, veh/h 14 1 16 23 0 17 6 591 18 11 247 1Future Vol, veh/h 14 1 16 23 0 17 6 591 18 11 247 1Conflicting Peds, #/hr 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0Sign Control Stop Stop Stop Stop Stop Stop Free Free Free Free Free FreeRT Channelized - - None - - None - - None - - NoneStorage Length 100 - - 100 - - - - - - - -Veh in Median Storage, # - 0 - - 0 - - 0 - - 0 -Grade, % - 0 - - 0 - - 0 - - 0 -Peak Hour Factor 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100Heavy Vehicles, % 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2Mvmt Flow 14 1 16 23 0 17 6 591 18 11 247 1
Major/Minor Minor2 Minor1 Major1 Major2
Conflicting Flow All 873 891 248 882 882 600 248 0 0 609 0 0 Stage 1 270 270 - 612 612 - - - - - - - Stage 2 603 621 - 270 270 - - - - - - -Critical Hdwy 7.12 6.52 6.22 7.12 6.52 6.22 4.12 - - 4.12 - -Critical Hdwy Stg 1 6.12 5.52 - 6.12 5.52 - - - - - - -Critical Hdwy Stg 2 6.12 5.52 - 6.12 5.52 - - - - - - -Follow-up Hdwy 3.518 4.018 3.318 3.518 4.018 3.318 2.218 - - 2.218 - -Pot Cap-1 Maneuver 271 282 791 267 285 501 1318 - - 970 - - Stage 1 736 686 - 480 484 - - - - - - - Stage 2 486 479 - 736 686 - - - - - - -Platoon blocked, % - - - -Mov Cap-1 Maneuver 256 276 791 255 279 501 1318 - - 970 - -Mov Cap-2 Maneuver 256 276 - 255 279 - - - - - - - Stage 1 726 677 - 477 480 - - - - - - - Stage 2 466 476 - 711 677 - - - - - - -
Approach EB WB NB SB
HCM Ctrl Dly, s/v 14.54 17.06 0.08 0.37HCM LOS B C
Minor Lane/Major Mvmt NBL NBT NBREBLn1EBLn2WBLn1WBLn2 SBL SBT SBR
Capacity (veh/h) 17 - - 256 713 255 501 76 - -HCM Lane V/C Ratio 0.005 - - 0.055 0.024 0.09 0.034 0.011 - -HCM Ctrl Dly (s/v) 7.7 0 - 19.9 10.2 20.5 12.4 8.8 0 -HCM Lane LOS A A - C B C B A A -HCM 95th %tile Q(veh) 0 - - 0.2 0.1 0.3 0.1 0 - -
HCM 7th TWSC12: Stillwater & August 12/16/2025
3 No-Build 2028 AM 11:14 am 10/29/2025 Baseline Synchro 12 Report
Page 2
Intersection
Int Delay, s/veh 1.3
Movement EBL EBT EBR WBL WBT WBR NBL NBT NBR SBL SBT SBR
Lane ConfigurationsTraffic Vol, veh/h 14 0 11 26 0 11 9 581 8 4 274 9Future Vol, veh/h 14 0 11 26 0 11 9 581 8 4 274 9Conflicting Peds, #/hr 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0Sign Control Stop Stop Stop Stop Stop Stop Free Free Free Free Free FreeRT Channelized - - None - - None - - None - - NoneStorage Length - - - - - - - - - - - -Veh in Median Storage, # - 0 - - 0 - - 0 - - 0 -Grade, % - 0 - - 0 - - 0 - - 0 -Peak Hour Factor 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100Heavy Vehicles, % 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2Mvmt Flow 14 0 11 26 0 11 9 581 8 4 274 9
Major/Minor Minor2 Minor1 Major1 Major2
Conflicting Flow All 886 894 279 885 894 585 283 0 0 589 0 0 Stage 1 287 287 - 603 603 - - - - - - - Stage 2 599 607 - 282 291 - - - - - - -Critical Hdwy 7.12 6.52 6.22 7.12 6.52 6.22 4.12 - - 4.12 - -Critical Hdwy Stg 1 6.12 5.52 - 6.12 5.52 - - - - - - -Critical Hdwy Stg 2 6.12 5.52 - 6.12 5.52 - - - - - - -Follow-up Hdwy 3.518 4.018 3.318 3.518 4.018 3.318 2.218 - - 2.218 - -Pot Cap-1 Maneuver 265 281 760 266 280 511 1279 - - 986 - - Stage 1 721 675 - 486 488 - - - - - - - Stage 2 488 486 - 725 672 - - - - - - -Platoon blocked, % - - - -Mov Cap-1 Maneuver 256 276 760 258 276 511 1279 - - 986 - -Mov Cap-2 Maneuver 256 276 - 258 276 - - - - - - - Stage 1 717 671 - 481 483 - - - - - - - Stage 2 473 481 - 711 668 - - - - - - -
Approach EB WB NB SB
HCM Ctrl Dly, s/v 15.71 18.56 0.12 0.12HCM LOS C C
Minor Lane/Major Mvmt NBL NBT NBREBLn1WBLn1 SBL SBT SBR
Capacity (veh/h) 27 - - 361 302 25 - -HCM Lane V/C Ratio 0.007 - - 0.069 0.122 0.004 - -HCM Ctrl Dly (s/v) 7.8 0 - 15.7 18.6 8.7 0 -HCM Lane LOS A A - C C A A -HCM 95th %tile Q(veh) 0 - - 0.2 0.4 0 - -
HCM 7th TWSC9: Stillwater & Timberwolf 12/16/2025
4 No-Build 2028 PM 11:15 am 10/29/2025 Baseline Synchro 12 Report
Page 1
Intersection
Int Delay, s/veh 1.9
Movement EBL EBT EBR WBL WBT WBR NBL NBT NBR SBL SBT SBR
Lane ConfigurationsTraffic Vol, veh/h 10 0 7 45 1 14 25 316 29 14 326 10Future Vol, veh/h 10 0 7 45 1 14 25 316 29 14 326 10Conflicting Peds, #/hr 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0Sign Control Stop Stop Stop Stop Stop Stop Free Free Free Free Free FreeRT Channelized - - None - - None - - None - - NoneStorage Length 100 - - 100 - - - - - - - -Veh in Median Storage, # - 0 - - 0 - - 0 - - 0 -Grade, % - 0 - - 0 - - 0 - - 0 -Peak Hour Factor 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100Heavy Vehicles, % 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2Mvmt Flow 10 0 7 45 1 14 25 316 29 14 326 10
Major/Minor Minor2 Minor1 Major1 Major2
Conflicting Flow All 726 754 331 735 745 331 336 0 0 345 0 0 Stage 1 359 359 - 381 381 - - - - - - - Stage 2 367 395 - 354 364 - - - - - - -Critical Hdwy 7.12 6.52 6.22 7.12 6.52 6.22 4.12 - - 4.12 - -Critical Hdwy Stg 1 6.12 5.52 - 6.12 5.52 - - - - - - -Critical Hdwy Stg 2 6.12 5.52 - 6.12 5.52 - - - - - - -Follow-up Hdwy 3.518 4.018 3.318 3.518 4.018 3.318 2.218 - - 2.218 - -Pot Cap-1 Maneuver 340 338 711 336 343 711 1223 - - 1214 - - Stage 1 659 627 - 642 614 - - - - - - - Stage 2 653 605 - 663 624 - - - - - - -Platoon blocked, % - - - -Mov Cap-1 Maneuver 319 325 711 319 329 711 1223 - - 1214 - -Mov Cap-2 Maneuver 319 325 - 319 329 - - - - - - - Stage 1 650 618 - 625 598 - - - - - - - Stage 2 623 589 - 647 615 - - - - - - -
Approach EB WB NB SB
HCM Ctrl Dly, s/v 13.95 16.24 0.54 0.32HCM LOS B C
Minor Lane/Major Mvmt NBL NBT NBREBLn1EBLn2WBLn1WBLn2 SBL SBT SBR
Capacity (veh/h) 120 - - 319 711 319 660 72 - -HCM Lane V/C Ratio 0.02 - - 0.031 0.01 0.141 0.023 0.012 - -HCM Ctrl Dly (s/v) 8 0 - 16.6 10.1 18.1 10.6 8 0 -HCM Lane LOS A A - C B C B A A -HCM 95th %tile Q(veh) 0.1 - - 0.1 0 0.5 0.1 0 - -
HCM 7th TWSC12: Stillwater & August 12/16/2025
4 No-Build 2028 PM 11:15 am 10/29/2025 Baseline Synchro 12 Report
Page 2
Intersection
Int Delay, s/veh 1.3
Movement EBL EBT EBR WBL WBT WBR NBL NBT NBR SBL SBT SBR
Lane ConfigurationsTraffic Vol, veh/h 9 0 23 0 17 7 24 337 28 12 348 6Future Vol, veh/h 9 0 23 0 17 7 24 337 28 12 348 6Conflicting Peds, #/hr 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0Sign Control Stop Stop Stop Stop Stop Stop Free Free Free Free Free FreeRT Channelized - - None - - None - - None - - NoneStorage Length - - - - - - - - - - - -Veh in Median Storage, # - 0 - - 0 - - 0 - - 0 -Grade, % - 0 - - 0 - - 0 - - 0 -Peak Hour Factor 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100Heavy Vehicles, % 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2Mvmt Flow 9 0 23 0 17 7 24 337 28 12 348 6
Major/Minor Minor2 Minor1 Major1 Major2
Conflicting Flow All 769 788 351 771 777 351 354 0 0 365 0 0 Stage 1 375 375 - 399 399 - - - - - - - Stage 2 394 413 - 372 378 - - - - - - -Critical Hdwy 7.12 6.52 6.22 7.12 6.52 6.22 4.12 - - 4.12 - -Critical Hdwy Stg 1 6.12 5.52 - 6.12 5.52 - - - - - - -Critical Hdwy Stg 2 6.12 5.52 - 6.12 5.52 - - - - - - -Follow-up Hdwy 3.518 4.018 3.318 3.518 4.018 3.318 2.218 - - 2.218 - -Pot Cap-1 Maneuver 318 323 692 317 328 692 1205 - - 1194 - - Stage 1 646 617 - 627 602 - - - - - - - Stage 2 631 594 - 648 615 - - - - - - -Platoon blocked, % - - - -Mov Cap-1 Maneuver 288 311 692 295 316 692 1205 - - 1194 - -Mov Cap-2 Maneuver 288 311 - 295 316 - - - - - - - Stage 1 638 609 - 611 587 - - - - - - - Stage 2 592 579 - 619 607 - - - - - - -
Approach EB WB NB SB
HCM Ctrl Dly, s/v 12.76 15.24 0.5 0.26HCM LOS B C
Minor Lane/Major Mvmt NBL NBT NBREBLn1WBLn1 SBL SBT SBR
Capacity (veh/h) 109 - - 496 375 59 - -HCM Lane V/C Ratio 0.02 - - 0.065 0.064 0.01 - -HCM Ctrl Dly (s/v) 8 0 - 12.8 15.2 8 0 -HCM Lane LOS A A - B C A A -HCM 95th %tile Q(veh) 0.1 - - 0.2 0.2 0 - -
HCM 7th AWSC6: Stillwater & 4 Mile 12/16/2025
3 No-Build 2028 AM 11:14 am 10/29/2025 Baseline Synchro 12 Report
Page 1
Intersection
Intersection Delay, s/veh 17.8Intersection LOS C
Movement EBL EBT EBR WBL WBT WBR NBL NBT NBR SBL SBT SBR
Lane ConfigurationsTraffic Vol, veh/h 35 33 4 25 29 365 4 174 62 313 51 18Future Vol, veh/h 35 33 4 25 29 365 4 174 62 313 51 18Peak Hour Factor 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00Heavy Vehicles, % 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2Mvmt Flow 35 33 4 25 29 365 4 174 62 313 51 18Number of Lanes 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 1 0
Approach EB WB NB SB
Opposing Approach WB EB SB NBOpposing Lanes 2 2 2 1Conflicting Approach Left SB NB EB WBConflicting Lanes Left 2 1 2 2Conflicting Approach Right NB SB WB EBConflicting Lanes Right 1 2 2 2HCM Control Delay, s/veh 11.1 19.5 15.2 18.8HCM LOS B C C C
Lane NBLn1 EBLn1 EBLn2 WBLn1 WBLn2 SBLn1 SBLn2
Vol Left, % 2% 100% 0% 100% 0% 100% 0%Vol Thru, % 73% 0% 89% 0% 7% 0% 74%Vol Right, % 26% 0% 11% 0% 93% 0% 26%Sign Control Stop Stop Stop Stop Stop Stop StopTraffic Vol by Lane 240 35 37 25 394 313 69LT Vol 4 35 0 25 0 313 0Through Vol 174 0 33 0 29 0 51RT Vol 62 0 4 0 365 0 18Lane Flow Rate 240 35 37 25 394 313 69
Geometry Grp 4b 5 5 5 5 5 5Degree of Util (X) 0.45 0.078 0.076 0.05 0.666 0.618 0.123
Departure Headway (Hd) 6.749 7.992 7.398 7.262 6.089 7.104 6.41Convergence, Y/N Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes YesCap 533 448 484 495 595 510 561Service Time 4.79 5.741 5.147 4.979 3.806 4.827 4.133HCM Lane V/C Ratio 0.45 0.078 0.076 0.051 0.662 0.614 0.123HCM Control Delay, s/veh 15.2 11.4 10.8 10.4 20.1 20.7 10HCM Lane LOS C B B B C C AHCM 95th-tile Q 2.3 0.3 0.2 0.2 5 4.1 0.4
HCM 7th AWSC6: Stillwater & 4 Mile 12/16/2025
4 No-Build 2028 PM 11:15 am 10/29/2025 Baseline Synchro 12 Report
Page 1
Intersection
Intersection Delay, s/veh 14.2Intersection LOS B
Movement EBL EBT EBR WBL WBT WBR NBL NBT NBR SBL SBT SBR
Lane ConfigurationsTraffic Vol, veh/h 29 12 4 74 45 339 4 73 58 269 113 19Future Vol, veh/h 29 12 4 74 45 339 4 73 58 269 113 19Peak Hour Factor 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00Heavy Vehicles, % 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2Mvmt Flow 29 12 4 74 45 339 4 73 58 269 113 19Number of Lanes 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 1 0
Approach EB WB NB SB
Opposing Approach WB EB SB NBOpposing Lanes 2 2 2 1Conflicting Approach Left SB NB EB WBConflicting Lanes Left 2 1 2 2Conflicting Approach Right NB SB WB EBConflicting Lanes Right 1 2 2 2HCM Control Delay, s/veh 10.3 15.5 11.4 14.2HCM LOS B C B B
Lane NBLn1 EBLn1 EBLn2 WBLn1 WBLn2 SBLn1 SBLn2
Vol Left, % 3% 100% 0% 100% 0% 100% 0%Vol Thru, % 54% 0% 75% 0% 12% 0% 86%Vol Right, % 43% 0% 25% 0% 88% 0% 14%Sign Control Stop Stop Stop Stop Stop Stop StopTraffic Vol by Lane 135 29 16 74 384 269 132LT Vol 4 29 0 74 0 269 0Through Vol 73 0 12 0 45 0 113RT Vol 58 0 4 0 339 0 19Lane Flow Rate 135 29 16 74 384 269 132
Geometry Grp 4b 5 5 5 5 5 5Degree of Util (X) 0.239 0.06 0.03 0.139 0.598 0.5 0.223
Departure Headway (Hd) 6.366 7.411 6.72 6.738 5.603 6.696 6.089Convergence, Y/N Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes YesCap 563 481 530 532 641 538 589Service Time 4.424 5.183 4.492 4.485 3.35 4.445 3.837HCM Lane V/C Ratio 0.24 0.06 0.03 0.139 0.599 0.5 0.224HCM Control Delay, s/veh 11.4 10.7 9.7 10.6 16.4 16 10.6HCM Lane LOS B B A B C C BHCM 95th-tile Q 0.9 0.2 0.1 0.5 4 2.8 0.8
HCM 7th Roundabout3: Stillwater & West Reserve 12/16/2025
5 With PH 5 & 6 2028 AM 11:17 am 10/29/2025 Baseline Synchro 12 Report
Page 1
Intersection
Intersection Delay, s/veh 10.8Intersection LOS B
Approach EB WB NB SB
Entry Lanes 1 1 1 1Conflicting Circle Lanes 1 1 1 1Adj Approach Flow, veh/h 464 523 410 326Demand Flow Rate, veh/h 474 534 418 333Vehicles Circulating, veh/h 436 372 464 453Vehicles Exiting, veh/h 350 510 446 453Ped Vol Crossing Leg, #/h 0 0 0 0Ped Cap Adj 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000Approach Delay, s/veh 11.5 11.7 10.7 8.7Approach LOS B B B A
Lane Left Left Left Left
Designated Moves LTR LTR LTR LTRAssumed Moves LTR LTR LTR LTRRT ChannelizedLane Util 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000Follow-Up Headway, s 2.609 2.609 2.609 2.609Critical Headway, s 4.976 4.976 4.976 4.976A (Intercept) 1380 1380 1380 1380B (Slope) 1.02e-3 1.02e-3 1.02e-3 1.02e-3Entry Flow, veh/h 474 534 418 333Cap Entry Lane, veh/h 885 944 860 869Entry HV Adj Factor 0.979 0.980 0.982 0.979Flow Entry, veh/h 464 523 410 326Cap Entry, veh/h 866 925 844 851V/C Ratio 0.536 0.566 0.486 0.383Control Delay, s/veh 11.5 11.7 10.7 8.7LOS B B B A95th %tile Queue, veh 3 4 3 2
HCM 7th Roundabout3: Stillwater & West Reserve 12/16/2025
6 With PH 5 & 6 2028 PM 11:18 am 10/29/2025 Baseline Synchro 12 Report
Page 1
Intersection
Intersection Delay, s/veh 12.4Intersection LOS B
Approach EB WB NB SB
Entry Lanes 1 1 1 1Conflicting Circle Lanes 1 1 1 1Adj Approach Flow, veh/h 249 599 374 485Demand Flow Rate, veh/h 254 611 381 495Vehicles Circulating, veh/h 538 384 448 512Vehicles Exiting, veh/h 469 445 344 483Ped Vol Crossing Leg, #/h 0 0 0 0Ped Cap Adj 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000Approach Delay, s/veh 8.3 14.4 9.6 14.1Approach LOS A B A B
Lane Left Left Left Left
Designated Moves LTR LTR LTR LTRAssumed Moves LTR LTR LTR LTRRT ChannelizedLane Util 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000Follow-Up Headway, s 2.609 2.609 2.609 2.609Critical Headway, s 4.976 4.976 4.976 4.976A (Intercept) 1380 1380 1380 1380B (Slope) 1.02e-3 1.02e-3 1.02e-3 1.02e-3Entry Flow, veh/h 254 611 381 495Cap Entry Lane, veh/h 797 933 874 819Entry HV Adj Factor 0.981 0.980 0.982 0.979Flow Entry, veh/h 249 599 374 485Cap Entry, veh/h 782 914 858 801V/C Ratio 0.319 0.655 0.436 0.605Control Delay, s/veh 8.3 14.4 9.6 14.1LOS A B A B95th %tile Queue, veh 1 5 2 4
HCM 7th TWSC9: Stillwater & Timberwolf 12/16/2025
5 With PH 5 & 6 2028 AM 11:17 am 10/29/2025 Baseline Synchro 12 Report
Page 1
Intersection
Int Delay, s/veh 1.6
Movement EBL EBT EBR WBL WBT WBR NBL NBT NBR SBL SBT SBR
Lane ConfigurationsTraffic Vol, veh/h 20 2 27 23 1 17 9 594 18 11 249 3Future Vol, veh/h 20 2 27 23 1 17 9 594 18 11 249 3Conflicting Peds, #/hr 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0Sign Control Stop Stop Stop Stop Stop Stop Free Free Free Free Free FreeRT Channelized - - None - - None - - None - - NoneStorage Length 100 - - 100 - - - - - - - -Veh in Median Storage, # - 0 - - 0 - - 0 - - 0 -Grade, % - 0 - - 0 - - 0 - - 0 -Peak Hour Factor 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100Heavy Vehicles, % 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2Mvmt Flow 20 2 27 23 1 17 9 594 18 11 249 3
Major/Minor Minor2 Minor1 Major1 Major2
Conflicting Flow All 885 903 251 893 895 603 252 0 0 612 0 0 Stage 1 273 273 - 621 621 - - - - - - - Stage 2 613 630 - 272 274 - - - - - - -Critical Hdwy 7.12 6.52 6.22 7.12 6.52 6.22 4.12 - - 4.12 - -Critical Hdwy Stg 1 6.12 5.52 - 6.12 5.52 - - - - - - -Critical Hdwy Stg 2 6.12 5.52 - 6.12 5.52 - - - - - - -Follow-up Hdwy 3.518 4.018 3.318 3.518 4.018 3.318 2.218 - - 2.218 - -Pot Cap-1 Maneuver 266 277 788 262 280 499 1313 - - 967 - - Stage 1 733 684 - 475 479 - - - - - - - Stage 2 480 475 - 734 683 - - - - - - -Platoon blocked, % - - - -Mov Cap-1 Maneuver 250 271 788 246 274 499 1313 - - 967 - -Mov Cap-2 Maneuver 250 271 - 246 274 - - - - - - - Stage 1 724 675 - 470 474 - - - - - - - Stage 2 458 470 - 697 674 - - - - - - -
Approach EB WB NB SB
HCM Ctrl Dly, s/v 14.59 17.51 0.11 0.37HCM LOS B C
Minor Lane/Major Mvmt NBL NBT NBREBLn1EBLn2WBLn1WBLn2 SBL SBT SBR
Capacity (veh/h) 26 - - 250 696 246 477 75 - -HCM Lane V/C Ratio 0.007 - - 0.08 0.042 0.094 0.038 0.011 - -HCM Ctrl Dly (s/v) 7.8 0 - 20.7 10.4 21.2 12.8 8.8 0 -HCM Lane LOS A A - C B C B A A -HCM 95th %tile Q(veh) 0 - - 0.3 0.1 0.3 0.1 0 - -
HCM 7th TWSC12: Stillwater & August 12/16/2025
5 With PH 5 & 6 2028 AM 11:17 am 10/29/2025 Baseline Synchro 12 Report
Page 2
Intersection
Int Delay, s/veh 1.4
Movement EBL EBT EBR WBL WBT WBR NBL NBT NBR SBL SBT SBR
Lane ConfigurationsTraffic Vol, veh/h 17 0 19 26 0 11 12 584 8 4 285 10Future Vol, veh/h 17 0 19 26 0 11 12 584 8 4 285 10Conflicting Peds, #/hr 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0Sign Control Stop Stop Stop Stop Stop Stop Free Free Free Free Free FreeRT Channelized - - None - - None - - None - - NoneStorage Length - - - - - - - - - - - -Veh in Median Storage, # - 0 - - 0 - - 0 - - 0 -Grade, % - 0 - - 0 - - 0 - - 0 -Peak Hour Factor 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100Heavy Vehicles, % 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2Mvmt Flow 17 0 19 26 0 11 12 584 8 4 285 10
Major/Minor Minor2 Minor1 Major1 Major2
Conflicting Flow All 906 914 290 905 915 588 295 0 0 592 0 0 Stage 1 298 298 - 612 612 - - - - - - - Stage 2 608 616 - 293 303 - - - - - - -Critical Hdwy 7.12 6.52 6.22 7.12 6.52 6.22 4.12 - - 4.12 - -Critical Hdwy Stg 1 6.12 5.52 - 6.12 5.52 - - - - - - -Critical Hdwy Stg 2 6.12 5.52 - 6.12 5.52 - - - - - - -Follow-up Hdwy 3.518 4.018 3.318 3.518 4.018 3.318 2.218 - - 2.218 - -Pot Cap-1 Maneuver 257 273 749 257 273 509 1266 - - 984 - - Stage 1 711 667 - 480 484 - - - - - - - Stage 2 483 482 - 715 664 - - - - - - -Platoon blocked, % - - - -Mov Cap-1 Maneuver 247 268 749 246 268 509 1266 - - 984 - -Mov Cap-2 Maneuver 247 268 - 246 268 - - - - - - - Stage 1 707 664 - 474 477 - - - - - - - Stage 2 466 475 - 694 660 - - - - - - -
Approach EB WB NB SB
HCM Ctrl Dly, s/v 15.41 19.18 0.16 0.12HCM LOS C C
Minor Lane/Major Mvmt NBL NBT NBREBLn1WBLn1 SBL SBT SBR
Capacity (veh/h) 36 - - 382 291 24 - -HCM Lane V/C Ratio 0.009 - - 0.094 0.127 0.004 - -HCM Ctrl Dly (s/v) 7.9 0 - 15.4 19.2 8.7 0 -HCM Lane LOS A A - C C A A -HCM 95th %tile Q(veh) 0 - - 0.3 0.4 0 - -
HCM 7th TWSC9: Stillwater & Timberwolf 12/16/2025
6 With PH 5 & 6 2028 PM 11:18 am 10/29/2025 Baseline Synchro 12 Report
Page 1
Intersection
Int Delay, s/veh 2.2
Movement EBL EBT EBR WBL WBT WBR NBL NBT NBR SBL SBT SBR
Lane ConfigurationsTraffic Vol, veh/h 13 2 13 45 3 14 36 318 29 14 330 16Future Vol, veh/h 13 2 13 45 3 14 36 318 29 14 330 16Conflicting Peds, #/hr 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0Sign Control Stop Stop Stop Stop Stop Stop Free Free Free Free Free FreeRT Channelized - - None - - None - - None - - NoneStorage Length 100 - - 100 - - - - - - - -Veh in Median Storage, # - 0 - - 0 - - 0 - - 0 -Grade, % - 0 - - 0 - - 0 - - 0 -Peak Hour Factor 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100Heavy Vehicles, % 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2Mvmt Flow 13 2 13 45 3 14 36 318 29 14 330 16
Major/Minor Minor2 Minor1 Major1 Major2
Conflicting Flow All 758 785 338 764 779 333 346 0 0 347 0 0 Stage 1 366 366 - 405 405 - - - - - - - Stage 2 392 419 - 359 374 - - - - - - -Critical Hdwy 7.12 6.52 6.22 7.12 6.52 6.22 4.12 - - 4.12 - -Critical Hdwy Stg 1 6.12 5.52 - 6.12 5.52 - - - - - - -Critical Hdwy Stg 2 6.12 5.52 - 6.12 5.52 - - - - - - -Follow-up Hdwy 3.518 4.018 3.318 3.518 4.018 3.318 2.218 - - 2.218 - -Pot Cap-1 Maneuver 324 325 704 321 327 709 1213 - - 1212 - - Stage 1 653 623 - 623 599 - - - - - - - Stage 2 633 590 - 659 618 - - - - - - -Platoon blocked, % - - - -Mov Cap-1 Maneuver 299 308 704 297 311 709 1213 - - 1212 - -Mov Cap-2 Maneuver 299 308 - 297 311 - - - - - - - Stage 1 644 614 - 600 577 - - - - - - - Stage 2 594 568 - 636 609 - - - - - - -
Approach EB WB NB SB
HCM Ctrl Dly, s/v 14.14 17.12 0.76 0.31HCM LOS B C
Minor Lane/Major Mvmt NBL NBT NBREBLn1EBLn2WBLn1WBLn2 SBL SBT SBR
Capacity (veh/h) 166 - - 299 601 297 578 69 - -HCM Lane V/C Ratio 0.03 - - 0.044 0.025 0.151 0.029 0.012 - -HCM Ctrl Dly (s/v) 8.1 0 - 17.6 11.1 19.3 11.4 8 0 -HCM Lane LOS A A - C B C B A A -HCM 95th %tile Q(veh) 0.1 - - 0.1 0.1 0.5 0.1 0 - -
HCM 7th TWSC12: Stillwater & August 12/16/2025
6 With PH 5 & 6 2028 PM 11:18 am 10/29/2025 Baseline Synchro 12 Report
Page 2
Intersection
Int Delay, s/veh 1.5
Movement EBL EBT EBR WBL WBT WBR NBL NBT NBR SBL SBT SBR
Lane ConfigurationsTraffic Vol, veh/h 11 0 28 0 17 7 33 348 28 12 355 9Future Vol, veh/h 11 0 28 0 17 7 33 348 28 12 355 9Conflicting Peds, #/hr 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0Sign Control Stop Stop Stop Stop Stop Stop Free Free Free Free Free FreeRT Channelized - - None - - None - - None - - NoneStorage Length - - - - - - - - - - - -Veh in Median Storage, # - 0 - - 0 - - 0 - - 0 -Grade, % - 0 - - 0 - - 0 - - 0 -Peak Hour Factor 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100Heavy Vehicles, % 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2Mvmt Flow 11 0 28 0 17 7 33 348 28 12 355 9
Major/Minor Minor2 Minor1 Major1 Major2
Conflicting Flow All 806 826 360 807 816 362 364 0 0 376 0 0 Stage 1 384 384 - 428 428 - - - - - - - Stage 2 423 442 - 379 388 - - - - - - -Critical Hdwy 7.12 6.52 6.22 7.12 6.52 6.22 4.12 - - 4.12 - -Critical Hdwy Stg 1 6.12 5.52 - 6.12 5.52 - - - - - - -Critical Hdwy Stg 2 6.12 5.52 - 6.12 5.52 - - - - - - -Follow-up Hdwy 3.518 4.018 3.318 3.518 4.018 3.318 2.218 - - 2.218 - -Pot Cap-1 Maneuver 300 307 685 300 311 683 1195 - - 1182 - - Stage 1 639 612 - 605 585 - - - - - - - Stage 2 609 576 - 643 609 - - - - - - -Platoon blocked, % - - - -Mov Cap-1 Maneuver 268 293 685 274 297 683 1195 - - 1182 - -Mov Cap-2 Maneuver 268 293 - 274 297 - - - - - - - Stage 1 631 604 - 584 564 - - - - - - - Stage 2 564 556 - 609 601 - - - - - - -
Approach EB WB NB SB
HCM Ctrl Dly, s/v 13.24 15.87 0.65 0.26HCM LOS B C
Minor Lane/Major Mvmt NBL NBT NBREBLn1WBLn1 SBL SBT SBR
Capacity (veh/h) 143 - - 476 355 57 - -HCM Lane V/C Ratio 0.028 - - 0.082 0.068 0.01 - -HCM Ctrl Dly (s/v) 8.1 0 - 13.2 15.9 8.1 0 -HCM Lane LOS A A - B C A A -HCM 95th %tile Q(veh) 0.1 - - 0.3 0.2 0 - -
HCM 7th AWSC6: Stillwater & 4 Mile 12/16/2025
5 With PH 5 & 6 2028 AM 11:17 am 10/29/2025 Baseline Synchro 12 Report
Page 1
Intersection
Intersection Delay, s/veh 18.6Intersection LOS C
Movement EBL EBT EBR WBL WBT WBR NBL NBT NBR SBL SBT SBR
Lane ConfigurationsTraffic Vol, veh/h 36 33 4 25 29 370 4 175 62 326 54 20Future Vol, veh/h 36 33 4 25 29 370 4 175 62 326 54 20Peak Hour Factor 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00Heavy Vehicles, % 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2Mvmt Flow 36 33 4 25 29 370 4 175 62 326 54 20Number of Lanes 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 1 0
Approach EB WB NB SB
Opposing Approach WB EB SB NBOpposing Lanes 2 2 2 1Conflicting Approach Left SB NB EB WBConflicting Lanes Left 2 1 2 2Conflicting Approach Right NB SB WB EBConflicting Lanes Right 1 2 2 2HCM Control Delay, s/veh 11.2 20.5 15.5 19.9HCM LOS B C C C
Lane NBLn1 EBLn1 EBLn2 WBLn1 WBLn2 SBLn1 SBLn2
Vol Left, % 2% 100% 0% 100% 0% 100% 0%Vol Thru, % 73% 0% 89% 0% 7% 0% 73%Vol Right, % 26% 0% 11% 0% 93% 0% 27%Sign Control Stop Stop Stop Stop Stop Stop StopTraffic Vol by Lane 241 36 37 25 399 326 74LT Vol 4 36 0 25 0 326 0Through Vol 175 0 33 0 29 0 54RT Vol 62 0 4 0 370 0 20Lane Flow Rate 241 36 37 25 399 326 74
Geometry Grp 4b 5 5 5 5 5 5Degree of Util (X) 0.457 0.081 0.077 0.051 0.683 0.648 0.133
Departure Headway (Hd) 6.83 8.094 7.5 7.334 6.16 7.153 6.452Convergence, Y/N Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes YesCap 528 442 477 490 591 505 556Service Time 4.875 5.849 5.254 5.053 3.879 4.879 4.178HCM Lane V/C Ratio 0.456 0.081 0.078 0.051 0.675 0.646 0.133HCM Control Delay, s/veh 15.5 11.6 10.9 10.4 21.1 22.1 10.2HCM Lane LOS C B B B C C BHCM 95th-tile Q 2.4 0.3 0.2 0.2 5.3 4.6 0.5
HCM 7th AWSC6: Stillwater & 4 Mile 12/16/2025
6 With PH 5 & 6 2028 PM 11:18 am 10/29/2025 Baseline Synchro 12 Report
Page 1
Intersection
Intersection Delay, s/veh 15Intersection LOS B
Movement EBL EBT EBR WBL WBT WBR NBL NBT NBR SBL SBT SBR
Lane ConfigurationsTraffic Vol, veh/h 31 12 4 74 45 354 4 78 58 278 116 20Future Vol, veh/h 31 12 4 74 45 354 4 78 58 278 116 20Peak Hour Factor 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00Heavy Vehicles, % 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2Mvmt Flow 31 12 4 74 45 354 4 78 58 278 116 20Number of Lanes 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 1 0
Approach EB WB NB SB
Opposing Approach WB EB SB NBOpposing Lanes 2 2 2 1Conflicting Approach Left SB NB EB WBConflicting Lanes Left 2 1 2 2Conflicting Approach Right NB SB WB EBConflicting Lanes Right 1 2 2 2HCM Control Delay, s/veh 10.5 16.5 11.7 14.8HCM LOS B C B B
Lane NBLn1 EBLn1 EBLn2 WBLn1 WBLn2 SBLn1 SBLn2
Vol Left, % 3% 100% 0% 100% 0% 100% 0%Vol Thru, % 56% 0% 75% 0% 11% 0% 85%Vol Right, % 41% 0% 25% 0% 89% 0% 15%Sign Control Stop Stop Stop Stop Stop Stop StopTraffic Vol by Lane 140 31 16 74 399 278 136LT Vol 4 31 0 74 0 278 0Through Vol 78 0 12 0 45 0 116RT Vol 58 0 4 0 354 0 20Lane Flow Rate 140 31 16 74 399 278 136
Geometry Grp 4b 5 5 5 5 5 5Degree of Util (X) 0.251 0.065 0.03 0.14 0.628 0.523 0.233
Departure Headway (Hd) 6.466 7.517 6.826 6.804 5.666 6.771 6.161Convergence, Y/N Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes YesCap 553 474 522 526 634 531 582Service Time 4.53 5.297 4.604 4.558 3.419 4.523 3.913HCM Lane V/C Ratio 0.253 0.065 0.031 0.141 0.629 0.524 0.234HCM Control Delay, s/veh 11.7 10.8 9.8 10.7 17.6 16.8 10.8HCM Lane LOS B B A B C C BHCM 95th-tile Q 1 0.2 0.1 0.5 4.4 3 0.9
HCM 7th Roundabout3: Stillwater & West Reserve 12/16/2025
7 Future 2033 Full Devleopment AM 3:11 pm 10/29/2025 Baseline Synchro 12 Report
Page 1
Intersection
Intersection Delay, s/veh 11.2Intersection LOS B
Approach EB WB NB SB
Entry Lanes 1 1 1 1Conflicting Circle Lanes 1 1 1 1Adj Approach Flow, veh/h 473 531 426 328Demand Flow Rate, veh/h 483 542 435 335Vehicles Circulating, veh/h 444 378 471 464Vehicles Exiting, veh/h 355 528 456 456Ped Vol Crossing Leg, #/h 0 0 0 0Ped Cap Adj 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000Approach Delay, s/veh 11.9 12.0 11.2 8.9Approach LOS B B B A
Lane Left Left Left Left
Designated Moves LTR LTR LTR LTRAssumed Moves LTR LTR LTR LTRRT ChannelizedLane Util 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000Follow-Up Headway, s 2.609 2.609 2.609 2.609Critical Headway, s 4.976 4.976 4.976 4.976A (Intercept) 1380 1380 1380 1380B (Slope) 1.02e-3 1.02e-3 1.02e-3 1.02e-3Entry Flow, veh/h 483 542 435 335Cap Entry Lane, veh/h 877 938 854 860Entry HV Adj Factor 0.979 0.980 0.980 0.979Flow Entry, veh/h 473 531 426 328Cap Entry, veh/h 859 919 837 841V/C Ratio 0.551 0.578 0.510 0.390Control Delay, s/veh 11.9 12.0 11.2 8.9LOS B B B A95th %tile Queue, veh 3 4 3 2
HCM 7th Roundabout3: Stillwater & West Reserve 12/16/2025
8 Future 2033 Full Devleopment PM 3:11 pm 10/29/2025 Baseline Synchro 12 Report
Page 1
Intersection
Intersection Delay, s/veh 13.0Intersection LOS B
Approach EB WB NB SB
Entry Lanes 1 1 1 1Conflicting Circle Lanes 1 1 1 1Adj Approach Flow, veh/h 255 616 386 489Demand Flow Rate, veh/h 260 628 393 499Vehicles Circulating, veh/h 552 389 452 531Vehicles Exiting, veh/h 478 456 360 486Ped Vol Crossing Leg, #/h 0 0 0 0Ped Cap Adj 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000Approach Delay, s/veh 8.6 15.2 9.9 14.9Approach LOS A C A B
Lane Left Left Left Left
Designated Moves LTR LTR LTR LTRAssumed Moves LTR LTR LTR LTRRT ChannelizedLane Util 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000Follow-Up Headway, s 2.609 2.609 2.609 2.609Critical Headway, s 4.976 4.976 4.976 4.976A (Intercept) 1380 1380 1380 1380B (Slope) 1.02e-3 1.02e-3 1.02e-3 1.02e-3Entry Flow, veh/h 260 628 393 499Cap Entry Lane, veh/h 786 928 870 803Entry HV Adj Factor 0.981 0.980 0.982 0.979Flow Entry, veh/h 255 616 386 489Cap Entry, veh/h 771 910 855 786V/C Ratio 0.331 0.677 0.452 0.622Control Delay, s/veh 8.6 15.2 9.9 14.9LOS A C A B95th %tile Queue, veh 1 5 2 4
HCM 7th TWSC9: Stillwater & Timberwolf 12/16/2025
7 Future 2033 Full Devleopment AM 3:11 pm 10/29/2025 Baseline Synchro 12 Report
Page 1
Intersection
Int Delay, s/veh 2
Movement EBL EBT EBR WBL WBT WBR NBL NBT NBR SBL SBT SBR
Lane ConfigurationsTraffic Vol, veh/h 27 5 42 23 2 17 14 608 19 11 253 5Future Vol, veh/h 27 5 42 23 2 17 14 608 19 11 253 5Conflicting Peds, #/hr 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0Sign Control Stop Stop Stop Stop Stop Stop Free Free Free Free Free FreeRT Channelized - - None - - None - - None - - NoneStorage Length 100 - - 100 - - - - - - - -Veh in Median Storage, # - 0 - - 0 - - 0 - - 0 -Grade, % - 0 - - 0 - - 0 - - 0 -Peak Hour Factor 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100Heavy Vehicles, % 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2Mvmt Flow 27 5 42 23 2 17 14 608 19 11 253 5
Major/Minor Minor2 Minor1 Major1 Major2
Conflicting Flow All 915 933 256 923 926 618 258 0 0 627 0 0 Stage 1 278 278 - 646 646 - - - - - - - Stage 2 637 655 - 278 280 - - - - - - -Critical Hdwy 7.12 6.52 6.22 7.12 6.52 6.22 4.12 - - 4.12 - -Critical Hdwy Stg 1 6.12 5.52 - 6.12 5.52 - - - - - - -Critical Hdwy Stg 2 6.12 5.52 - 6.12 5.52 - - - - - - -Follow-up Hdwy 3.518 4.018 3.318 3.518 4.018 3.318 2.218 - - 2.218 - -Pot Cap-1 Maneuver 254 266 783 250 269 490 1307 - - 955 - - Stage 1 729 681 - 461 467 - - - - - - - Stage 2 465 463 - 729 679 - - - - - - -Platoon blocked, % - - - -Mov Cap-1 Maneuver 236 258 783 226 261 490 1307 - - 955 - -Mov Cap-2 Maneuver 236 258 - 226 261 - - - - - - - Stage 1 719 672 - 453 460 - - - - - - - Stage 2 440 455 - 675 670 - - - - - - -
Approach EB WB NB SB
HCM Ctrl Dly, s/v 15.12 18.52 0.17 0.36HCM LOS C C
Minor Lane/Major Mvmt NBL NBT NBREBLn1EBLn2WBLn1WBLn2 SBL SBT SBR
Capacity (veh/h) 39 - - 236 644 226 448 73 - -HCM Lane V/C Ratio 0.011 - - 0.115 0.073 0.102 0.042 0.012 - -HCM Ctrl Dly (s/v) 7.8 0 - 22.2 11 22.8 13.4 8.8 0 -HCM Lane LOS A A - C B C B A A -HCM 95th %tile Q(veh) 0 - - 0.4 0.2 0.3 0.1 0 - -
HCM 7th TWSC12: Stillwater & August 12/16/2025
7 Future 2033 Full Devleopment AM 3:11 pm 10/29/2025 Baseline Synchro 12 Report
Page 2
Intersection
Int Delay, s/veh 1.7
Movement EBL EBT EBR WBL WBT WBR NBL NBT NBR SBL SBT SBR
Lane ConfigurationsTraffic Vol, veh/h 22 0 31 26 0 11 16 598 8 4 303 12Future Vol, veh/h 22 0 31 26 0 11 16 598 8 4 303 12Conflicting Peds, #/hr 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0Sign Control Stop Stop Stop Stop Stop Stop Free Free Free Free Free FreeRT Channelized - - None - - None - - None - - NoneStorage Length - - - - - - - - - - - -Veh in Median Storage, # - 0 - - 0 - - 0 - - 0 -Grade, % - 0 - - 0 - - 0 - - 0 -Peak Hour Factor 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100Heavy Vehicles, % 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2Mvmt Flow 22 0 31 26 0 11 16 598 8 4 303 12
Major/Minor Minor2 Minor1 Major1 Major2
Conflicting Flow All 947 955 309 945 957 602 315 0 0 606 0 0 Stage 1 317 317 - 634 634 - - - - - - - Stage 2 630 638 - 311 323 - - - - - - -Critical Hdwy 7.12 6.52 6.22 7.12 6.52 6.22 4.12 - - 4.12 - -Critical Hdwy Stg 1 6.12 5.52 - 6.12 5.52 - - - - - - -Critical Hdwy Stg 2 6.12 5.52 - 6.12 5.52 - - - - - - -Follow-up Hdwy 3.518 4.018 3.318 3.518 4.018 3.318 2.218 - - 2.218 - -Pot Cap-1 Maneuver 241 258 731 242 258 500 1245 - - 972 - - Stage 1 694 654 - 467 473 - - - - - - - Stage 2 470 471 - 699 650 - - - - - - -Platoon blocked, % - - - -Mov Cap-1 Maneuver 230 252 731 226 251 500 1245 - - 972 - -Mov Cap-2 Maneuver 230 252 - 226 251 - - - - - - - Stage 1 691 651 - 458 464 - - - - - - - Stage 2 450 462 - 666 647 - - - - - - -
Approach EB WB NB SB
HCM Ctrl Dly, s/v 15.87 20.45 0.2 0.11HCM LOS C C
Minor Lane/Major Mvmt NBL NBT NBREBLn1WBLn1 SBL SBT SBR
Capacity (veh/h) 46 - - 384 270 22 - -HCM Lane V/C Ratio 0.013 - - 0.138 0.137 0.004 - -HCM Ctrl Dly (s/v) 7.9 0 - 15.9 20.4 8.7 0 -HCM Lane LOS A A - C C A A -HCM 95th %tile Q(veh) 0 - - 0.5 0.5 0 - -
HCM 7th TWSC9: Stillwater & Timberwolf 12/16/2025
8 Future 2033 Full Devleopment PM 3:11 pm 10/29/2025 Baseline Synchro 12 Report
Page 1
Intersection
Int Delay, s/veh 2.7
Movement EBL EBT EBR WBL WBT WBR NBL NBT NBR SBL SBT SBR
Lane ConfigurationsTraffic Vol, veh/h 18 3 24 46 5 14 54 324 29 14 338 25Future Vol, veh/h 18 3 24 46 5 14 54 324 29 14 338 25Conflicting Peds, #/hr 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0Sign Control Stop Stop Stop Stop Stop Stop Free Free Free Free Free FreeRT Channelized - - None - - None - - None - - NoneStorage Length 100 - - 100 - - - - - - - -Veh in Median Storage, # - 0 - - 0 - - 0 - - 0 -Grade, % - 0 - - 0 - - 0 - - 0 -Peak Hour Factor 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100Heavy Vehicles, % 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2Mvmt Flow 18 3 24 46 5 14 54 324 29 14 338 25
Major/Minor Minor2 Minor1 Major1 Major2
Conflicting Flow All 813 840 351 814 838 339 363 0 0 353 0 0 Stage 1 379 379 - 447 447 - - - - - - - Stage 2 435 461 - 368 391 - - - - - - -Critical Hdwy 7.12 6.52 6.22 7.12 6.52 6.22 4.12 - - 4.12 - -Critical Hdwy Stg 1 6.12 5.52 - 6.12 5.52 - - - - - - -Critical Hdwy Stg 2 6.12 5.52 - 6.12 5.52 - - - - - - -Follow-up Hdwy 3.518 4.018 3.318 3.518 4.018 3.318 2.218 - - 2.218 - -Pot Cap-1 Maneuver 297 302 693 297 303 704 1196 - - 1206 - - Stage 1 643 615 - 591 574 - - - - - - - Stage 2 600 565 - 652 607 - - - - - - -Platoon blocked, % - - - -Mov Cap-1 Maneuver 266 281 693 264 281 704 1196 - - 1206 - -Mov Cap-2 Maneuver 266 281 - 264 281 - - - - - - - Stage 1 634 606 - 558 541 - - - - - - - Stage 2 550 533 - 617 598 - - - - - - -
Approach EB WB NB SB
HCM Ctrl Dly, s/v 14.6 18.86 1.08 0.3HCM LOS B C
Minor Lane/Major Mvmt NBL NBT NBREBLn1EBLn2WBLn1WBLn2 SBL SBT SBR
Capacity (veh/h) 235 - - 266 596 264 504 66 - -HCM Lane V/C Ratio 0.045 - - 0.068 0.045 0.175 0.038 0.012 - -HCM Ctrl Dly (s/v) 8.2 0 - 19.5 11.3 21.5 12.4 8 0 -HCM Lane LOS A A - C B C B A A -HCM 95th %tile Q(veh) 0.1 - - 0.2 0.1 0.6 0.1 0 - -
HCM 7th TWSC12: Stillwater & August 12/16/2025
8 Future 2033 Full Devleopment PM 3:11 pm 10/29/2025 Baseline Synchro 12 Report
Page 2
Intersection
Int Delay, s/veh 1.8
Movement EBL EBT EBR WBL WBT WBR NBL NBT NBR SBL SBT SBR
Lane ConfigurationsTraffic Vol, veh/h 15 0 36 0 17 7 46 368 28 12 368 15Future Vol, veh/h 15 0 36 0 17 7 46 368 28 12 368 15Conflicting Peds, #/hr 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0Sign Control Stop Stop Stop Stop Stop Stop Free Free Free Free Free FreeRT Channelized - - None - - None - - None - - NoneStorage Length - - - - - - - - - - - -Veh in Median Storage, # - 0 - - 0 - - 0 - - 0 -Grade, % - 0 - - 0 - - 0 - - 0 -Peak Hour Factor 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100Heavy Vehicles, % 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2Mvmt Flow 15 0 36 0 17 7 46 368 28 12 368 15
Major/Minor Minor2 Minor1 Major1 Major2
Conflicting Flow All 868 888 376 866 881 382 383 0 0 396 0 0 Stage 1 400 400 - 474 474 - - - - - - - Stage 2 469 488 - 392 407 - - - - - - -Critical Hdwy 7.12 6.52 6.22 7.12 6.52 6.22 4.12 - - 4.12 - -Critical Hdwy Stg 1 6.12 5.52 - 6.12 5.52 - - - - - - -Critical Hdwy Stg 2 6.12 5.52 - 6.12 5.52 - - - - - - -Follow-up Hdwy 3.518 4.018 3.318 3.518 4.018 3.318 2.218 - - 2.218 - -Pot Cap-1 Maneuver 273 283 671 274 285 665 1175 - - 1163 - - Stage 1 627 602 - 571 558 - - - - - - - Stage 2 575 550 - 633 597 - - - - - - -Platoon blocked, % - - - -Mov Cap-1 Maneuver 238 265 671 243 267 665 1175 - - 1163 - -Mov Cap-2 Maneuver 238 265 - 243 267 - - - - - - - Stage 1 618 594 - 542 530 - - - - - - - Stage 2 523 522 - 591 589 - - - - - - -
Approach EB WB NB SB
HCM Ctrl Dly, s/v 14.33 17 0.85 0.25HCM LOS B C
Minor Lane/Major Mvmt NBL NBT NBREBLn1WBLn1 SBL SBT SBR
Capacity (veh/h) 185 - - 437 324 54 - -HCM Lane V/C Ratio 0.039 - - 0.117 0.074 0.01 - -HCM Ctrl Dly (s/v) 8.2 0 - 14.3 17 8.1 0 -HCM Lane LOS A A - B C A A -HCM 95th %tile Q(veh) 0.1 - - 0.4 0.2 0 - -
HCM 7th AWSC6: Stillwater & 4 Mile 12/16/2025
7 Future 2033 Full Devleopment AM 3:11 pm 10/29/2025 Baseline Synchro 12 Report
Page 1
Intersection
Intersection Delay, s/veh 20.6Intersection LOS C
Movement EBL EBT EBR WBL WBT WBR NBL NBT NBR SBL SBT SBR
Lane ConfigurationsTraffic Vol, veh/h 37 34 4 25 29 381 4 180 63 348 60 23Future Vol, veh/h 37 34 4 25 29 381 4 180 63 348 60 23Peak Hour Factor 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00Heavy Vehicles, % 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2Mvmt Flow 37 34 4 25 29 381 4 180 63 348 60 23Number of Lanes 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 1 0
Approach EB WB NB SB
Opposing Approach WB EB SB NBOpposing Lanes 2 2 2 1Conflicting Approach Left SB NB EB WBConflicting Lanes Left 2 1 2 2Conflicting Approach Right NB SB WB EBConflicting Lanes Right 1 2 2 2HCM Control Delay, s/veh 11.5 22.7 16.4 22.4HCM LOS B C C C
Lane NBLn1 EBLn1 EBLn2 WBLn1 WBLn2 SBLn1 SBLn2
Vol Left, % 2% 100% 0% 100% 0% 100% 0%Vol Thru, % 73% 0% 89% 0% 7% 0% 72%Vol Right, % 26% 0% 11% 0% 93% 0% 28%Sign Control Stop Stop Stop Stop Stop Stop StopTraffic Vol by Lane 247 37 38 25 410 348 83LT Vol 4 37 0 25 0 348 0Through Vol 180 0 34 0 29 0 60RT Vol 63 0 4 0 381 0 23Lane Flow Rate 247 37 38 25 410 348 83
Geometry Grp 4b 5 5 5 5 5 5Degree of Util (X) 0.48 0.085 0.081 0.052 0.716 0.701 0.151
Departure Headway (Hd) 6.989 8.303 7.71 7.464 6.287 7.251 6.545Convergence, Y/N Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes YesCap 516 431 464 480 574 498 548Service Time 5.034 6.063 5.47 5.201 4.023 4.992 4.285HCM Lane V/C Ratio 0.479 0.086 0.082 0.052 0.714 0.699 0.151HCM Control Delay, s/veh 16.4 11.8 11.2 10.6 23.4 25.3 10.5HCM Lane LOS C B B B C D BHCM 95th-tile Q 2.6 0.3 0.3 0.2 5.9 5.4 0.5
HCM 7th AWSC6: Stillwater & 4 Mile 12/16/2025
8 Future 2033 Full Devleopment PM 3:11 pm 10/29/2025 Baseline Synchro 12 Report
Page 1
Intersection
Intersection Delay, s/veh 16.4Intersection LOS C
Movement EBL EBT EBR WBL WBT WBR NBL NBT NBR SBL SBT SBR
Lane ConfigurationsTraffic Vol, veh/h 34 13 4 76 46 378 4 84 59 293 121 22Future Vol, veh/h 34 13 4 76 46 378 4 84 59 293 121 22Peak Hour Factor 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00Heavy Vehicles, % 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2Mvmt Flow 34 13 4 76 46 378 4 84 59 293 121 22Number of Lanes 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 1 0
Approach EB WB NB SB
Opposing Approach WB EB SB NBOpposing Lanes 2 2 2 1Conflicting Approach Left SB NB EB WBConflicting Lanes Left 2 1 2 2Conflicting Approach Right NB SB WB EBConflicting Lanes Right 1 2 2 2HCM Control Delay, s/veh 10.8 18.7 12.2 15.9HCM LOS B C B C
Lane NBLn1 EBLn1 EBLn2 WBLn1 WBLn2 SBLn1 SBLn2
Vol Left, % 3% 100% 0% 100% 0% 100% 0%Vol Thru, % 57% 0% 76% 0% 11% 0% 85%Vol Right, % 40% 0% 24% 0% 89% 0% 15%Sign Control Stop Stop Stop Stop Stop Stop StopTraffic Vol by Lane 147 34 17 76 424 293 143LT Vol 4 34 0 76 0 293 0Through Vol 84 0 13 0 46 0 121RT Vol 59 0 4 0 378 0 22Lane Flow Rate 147 34 17 76 424 293 143
Geometry Grp 4b 5 5 5 5 5 5Degree of Util (X) 0.271 0.073 0.033 0.146 0.681 0.562 0.25
Departure Headway (Hd) 6.639 7.699 7.016 6.921 5.779 6.906 6.291Convergence, Y/N Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes YesCap 538 462 507 517 623 522 569Service Time 4.714 5.493 4.81 4.683 3.54 4.668 4.052HCM Lane V/C Ratio 0.273 0.074 0.034 0.147 0.681 0.561 0.251HCM Control Delay, s/veh 12.2 11.1 10.1 10.9 20.1 18.2 11.2HCM Lane LOS B B B B C C BHCM 95th-tile Q 1.1 0.2 0.1 0.5 5.3 3.4 1
CITY OF KALISPELL
TRAFFIC IMPACT STUDY (TIS)
DETERMINATION FORM
Section 1: General Information
Include project map with the submittal of this form.
Owner Name:
Preparer Company:
Preparer Name: Preparer Email:
Preparer Address: Preparer Phone:
Section 2: Study Area Information
Intersections for Analysis (in addition to all site accesses):
Section 3: Proposed Land Use and Trip Information
1Institute of Transportation Engineers (ITE) Trip Generation,11th Edition or most recent.
2E.g., Dwelling Units, Acres, Employees, KSF, etc.
Section 4: Additional Comments
1.
2.Include a map of the
study area, with all
intersections labeled,
with the submission of
this form.
Total from additional tabulation sheet (if necessary):
TOTAL:
Project Name:
Project Location:
Date:
Land Use ITE Code
1 ITE Unit
2 Est. Project
Units Daily Trips
AM Peak
Hour Trips
PM Peak
Hour Trips
3.
4.
5.
6.
TIS Determination Form City of Kalispell 1 of 2
1
Starling Phases 5 & 6 Preliminary Plat STAFF REPORT #KPP-25-07 STARLING PHASES 5 & 6 PRELIMINARY PLAT
KALISPELL DEVELOPMENT SERVICES FEBRUARY 10, 2026
This staff report is submitted to the Kalispell City Planning Commission and Kalispell City
Council to consider a request from Kilday & Stratton for major preliminary plat approval of
Starling Subdivision Phases 5 and 6, which represent the next phases of the approved Starling Planned Unit Development. The subject property is located on the west side of Stillwater Road, between Four Mile Drive and Old Reserve Drive, within the City of Kalispell. Phases 5 and 6 are situated west of the previously approved and developed Starling phases and are accessed via
extensions of Timberwolf Parkway and August Way. The proposal includes the subdivision of
the subject property to create fifty-four (54) residential lots, together with associated public streets, utility infrastructure, and common open space, consistent with the approved Starling subdivision framework. The preliminary plat advances the incremental build-out of the overall Starling development as authorized under the existing Planned Unit Development.
A public hearing on the preliminary plat request is scheduled before the Kalispell City Planning
Commission on February 10, 2026, at 6:00 p.m., in the Kalispell City Council Chambers. Following the public hearing, the Planning Commission will forward a recommendation to the Kalispell City Council for final action.
BACKGROUND INFORMATION Kilday & Stratton has submitted a request for major preliminary plat approval for Starling Subdivision Phases 5 and 6, which represent a continuation of development within the approved Starling Planned Unit Development (PUD) located within the City of Kalispell.
The Starling subdivision was approved as a master-planned, phased residential development and has been developed incrementally through a series of previously approved preliminary and final subdivision phases. Earlier phases have received all required City approvals and have established the internal street network, utility extensions, pedestrian connectivity, open space areas, and
overall neighborhood development pattern that Phases 5 and 6 are designed to continue.
Construction within earlier phases is complete or ongoing, and the subdivision framework established through those approvals governs the layout and infrastructure extensions proposed with this application.
2
The subject property is located entirely within the City of Kalispell and is zoned RA-1 (Residential Apartment) with a Planned Unit Development (PUD) overlay. Development of the site is governed by the Kalispell Subdivision Regulations, applicable provisions of the Kalispell
Zoning Ordinance, and the approved Starling PUD. The PUD establishes the overall land use
framework, development standards, circulation pattern, and infrastructure obligations for the subdivision and allows for a mix of residential housing types developed in a coordinated, phased manner.
The proposed preliminary plat includes the subdivision of approximately 12.550 acres into fifty-
four (54) residential lots, together with associated public streets, sidewalks, utility infrastructure, and designated open-space tracts. The preliminary plat reflects a continuation of the established street layout, block configuration, and access patterns approved in earlier Starling phases and provides for the orderly extension of internal circulation and municipal utility systems serving
the overall development.
All lots within Starling Phases 5 and 6 are proposed for single-family residential development, consistent with the approved Starling PUD, the development pattern established in prior phases, and the applicable subdivision and zoning standards. The overall subdivision design integrates
with previously approved phases and maintains compatibility with surrounding residential
development served by municipal infrastructure and services. A: Applicant Kilday & Stratton Attn: Greg Stratton
2880 Technology Blvd West, Suite 271
Bozeman, MT 59718
3
B: Location: The subject property is located within the City of Kalispell, Flathead County, Montana, and is proposed for development as Starling Subdivision Phases 5 and 6. The site is
located on the west side of Stillwater Road, between Four Mile Drive and Old Reserve Drive,
and lies within the City’s established urban service area. The property is surrounded by existing and developing residential subdivisions served by municipal infrastructure, and Phases 5 and 6 are accessed via extensions of Timberwolf Parkway and August Way, consistent with the previously approved Starling subdivision framework.
The property is legally described in full in the application materials and associated survey documents submitted with the preliminary plat. The subject property consists of a single contiguous tract of land located in Section 35, Township 29 North, Range 22 West, P.M.M., Flathead County, Montana, and contains approximately 12.550 acres, more particularly
described in the recorded legal description included with the application. The property is subject
to all easements, covenants, conditions, restrictions, and rights-of-way of record.
C: Existing Land Use and Zoning: The subject property for Starling Subdivision Phases 5
and 6 is currently undeveloped and consists of previously disturbed land associated with earlier
phases of the Starling subdivision. Portions of the site have been graded or otherwise prepared as part of the overall phased development, including rough grading and the extension of roadway and utility infrastructure that establish future building pads, street alignments, and utility corridors.
To the north, south, and east, development associated with previously approved Starling phases has been constructed or is underway. These phases include internal public streets, municipal
4
water and sewer infrastructure, stormwater management facilities, and residential development. Together, the earlier phases have established the internal circulation network, infrastructure
framework, and neighborhood development pattern that Phases 5 and 6 are intended to extend
and complete. The property is located within the City of Kalispell and is zoned RA-1 (Residential Apartment) with a Planned Unit Development (PUD) overlay. Development of the site is governed by the
approved Starling PUD, the applicable provisions of the Kalispell Zoning Ordinance, and the
Kalispell Subdivision Regulations. The proposed preliminary plat is designed to implement the subdivision layout, circulation system, and infrastructure extensions established through prior Starling approvals and to remain consistent with the development standards and entitlements approved under the PUD.
D: Size: Starling Subdivision Phases 5
and 6 encompass approximately 12.550 acres, as shown on the submitted preliminary plat.
E: Adjacent Zoning:
North: City of Kalispell – R-1/PUD and R-3/PUD East: City of Kalispell – RA-1/PUD and R-5/PUD
South: City of Kalispell – R-3/PUD
West: City of Kalispell – R-3/PUD F: Adjacent Land Uses: Adjacent land uses consist of existing and developing
single-family and multi-family residential
development, together with undeveloped residential land within the approved Starling subdivision. The surrounding area also includes Glacier High School, recently
constructed apartment developments, and
office and professional uses, particularly along the Stillwater Road corridor. Supporting urban infrastructure, including
public streets, utility corridors, sidewalks, and pedestrian facilities, is present throughout the
vicinity. The area is characterized by ongoing residential development, institutional and office uses, and the continued extension of municipal services and infrastructure, consistent with the City of Kalispell’s westside growth pattern and the adopted Growth Policy.
5
G: General Land Use Character: The subject property is located on the west side
of Kalispell within an area that has
transitioned from historic agricultural and low-density residential uses to planned urban residential development. The surrounding area includes existing and
developing residential subdivisions
supported by public streets, utilities, and municipal services, reflecting the City’s established westside growth pattern.
Development to the east and south includes
previously approved and constructed phases of the Starling subdivision, which have established a connected network of local public streets, sidewalks, utility
infrastructure, and residential development.
These improvements define the urban residential character of the area and provide the framework for continued phased development. Lands to the west and north
are similarly planned or transitioning for
residential use consistent with long-range planning and zoning within the City limits. Starling Subdivision Phases 5 and 6 represent a continuation of this coordinated
development pattern and are designed to integrate with the existing neighborhood fabric
created by earlier phases. The preliminary plat reflects an extension of the established street network, block structure, and lot configuration, reinforcing a cohesive residential character and maintaining compatibility with surrounding development.
Overall, the general land use character of the area reflects planned urban residential
growth within the City of Kalispell supported by municipal infrastructure and services. H: Relation to the Growth Policy: The Kalispell Growth Policy – Plan It 2035 Future Land Use Map designates the subject property as Urban Residential. Surrounding lands
include areas designated High Density Residential and Urban Mixed Use, reflecting the
City’s planned westside growth pattern and the intended transition to higher-intensity residential and mixed-use development along the Stillwater Road corridor. The Urban Residential designation is intended to accommodate moderate- to higher-
density residential development within the City’s established urban service area. This
designation anticipates residential subdivisions that are more compact than suburban development patterns, are served by full municipal services, and are supported by public infrastructure including water, sewer, streets, sidewalks, and emergency services.
6
Residential densities within this designation are intended to support efficient infrastructure investment, internal connectivity, and coordinated neighborhood design.
Starling Subdivision Phases 5 and 6 propose the subdivision of approximately 12.550 acres into fifty-four (54) residential lots, resulting in a gross residential density of approximately 4.3 dwelling units per acre. This density is consistent with the Urban Residential designation and reflects a continuation of the residential development pattern
established through previously approved Starling phases.
The proposed preliminary plat advances residential development at an urban-appropriate density within the City’s urban service area and utilizes existing and planned municipal infrastructure in a coordinated, phased manner. Development is supported by established
internal circulation, utility extensions, and public services constructed with earlier phases
of the Starling subdivision. The Growth Policy, Plan It 2035, Chapter 4A (Housing), encourages residential development that supports compact urban growth, efficient use of infrastructure, and a
range of residential densities within areas served by public facilities. The proposed
subdivision implements these policies by directing residential growth to an area designated for Urban Residential use, adjacent to higher-density residential and mixed-use areas, where public services are available or can be efficiently extended.
7
I: Availability of Public Services and Extension of Services:
Sewer: City of Kalispell
Water: City of Kalispell Refuse: City of Kalispell Electricity: Flathead Electric Cooperative Gas: NorthWestern Energy
Telephone: Lumen
Schools: West Valley Elementary(School District #1); Glacier High School Fire: City of Kalispell (Station 62) Police: City of Kalispell
Public services are available to serve the proposed subdivision and can be extended in
accordance with City standards. Adequacy of service capacity and final design will be confirmed through engineering and utility review prior to final plat approval.
8
9
I. REVIEW AND FINDINGS OF FACT FOR THE MAJOR PRELIMINARY
PLAT
Phasing and Access Limitations
The preliminary plat for Starling Subdivision Phases 5 and 6 is proposed as a coordinated, multi-phase development that relies on the orderly extension of the internal public street network to provide legal access, emergency response, and municipal services to all proposed lots. Based on the submitted plat and circulation layout, the ability to serve certain lots is directly dependent on
the timing and sequence of roadway construction between Phase 5 and Phase 6.
10
If Phase 5 were to proceed independently and prior to construction of Phase 6 improvements, additional roadway construction and fire access accommodations would be required to maintain
compliant access. Specifically, Lots 10 through 13 within Phase 5 are intended to be served by
Stanford Place, which is proposed for construction as part of Phase 6. Without completion of Stanford Place, these lots would lack a continuous public street connection meeting City access and emergency service standards and therefore could not be legally served or developed unless the roadway were extended and approved temporary fire turnarounds were constructed.
Similarly, if Phase 5 were constructed in advance of Phase 6, Lots 16AB through 17AB would not have access via Jerry Way, which is also proposed to be completed as part of Phase 6. In the absence of Jerry Way, these lots would be isolated from the internal circulation network and would not meet minimum access, service, and emergency response requirements unless interim
roadway extensions and fire-approved turnarounds were provided.
As a result of these interdependencies, full Phase 6 roadway improvements are necessary to establish permanent public access and circulation for both phases. Phase 6 must be constructed prior to, or concurrently with, Phase 5 improvements unless Phase 5 includes construction of all
required roadway segments and temporary or permanent fire turnarounds necessary to meet City
of Kalispell access, engineering, and fire code standards. Where temporary dead-end conditions occur during phased construction, roadway limits shall be extended to provide approved temporary turnarounds in accordance with the City of Kalispell
Standards for Design and Construction and applicable Fire Code requirements. Temporary
turnarounds shall be constructed, approved, and maintained until permanent street connectivity is achieved through completion of subsequent phases. Based on the foregoing, staff finds that approval of the preliminary plat is contingent upon
appropriate phasing of roadway construction to ensure that all lots are served by completed
public streets, that emergency access is maintained at all times, and that no lots are created without compliant access. These requirements are appropriately addressed through conditions of approval governing phasing, roadway completion, and fire access provisions.
A. Effects on Health and Safety: The Starling Subdivision Phases 5 and 6 property consists of generally level to gently sloping terrain characteristic of the west Kalispell urban growth area. The site has been previously disturbed through earlier phases of subdivision development and adjacent
urban development. Based on the materials submitted with the application, including
environmental and site information, no jurisdictional wetlands or surface waters are located within the preliminary plat boundaries. Any mapped wetlands or hydrologically influenced areas in the surrounding vicinity lie outside the development footprint and are separated from the subdivision area by existing grading and infrastructure.
The preliminary plat and associated grading concepts are designed to accommodate existing site conditions while meeting City standards for roadway design, drainage, and lot development. Streets, lots, and utility corridors are arranged within the established
11
subdivision framework to limit unnecessary grading and to provide safe transitions between public rights-of-way and buildable areas. All public infrastructure improvements
will be subject to detailed engineering review to verify compliance with the Kalispell
Standards for Design and Construction. Fire: Fire protection for Starling Subdivision Phases 5 and 6 will be provided by the City of Kalispell Fire Department, with primary response from Fire Station No. 62, located
approximately 0.9 miles from the subject property, providing acceptable emergency
response times. Fire access will be provided via the internal public street network, which connects to the broader Starling subdivision and the City street system. The street layout provides
multiple points of ingress and egress in compliance with the International Fire Code.
Final hydrant placement, water system looping, and available fire flow will be reviewed and approved by the Kalispell Fire Department during the engineering and building permit review process to ensure adequate fire protection.
Flooding: Starling Subdivision Phases 5 and 6 are not located within a Federal
Emergency Management Agency (FEMA)–designated Special Flood Hazard Area. Based on the FEMA Digital Flood Insurance Rate Map (DFIRM), Panel No. 30029C1805J, effective November 4, 2015, no portion of the subject property, proposed lots, or internal roadway network is located within the 100-year floodplain. As a result, the subdivision is
not subject to floodplain development restrictions, and flood hazards are not anticipated
to adversely affect the proposed development. Access: Access to Starling Subdivision Phases 5 and 6 will be provided through the established and proposed public street network of the Starling subdivision. Primary
access to the subdivision is provided via Timberwolf Parkway, a public collector street,
with secondary access provided by August Way, a public local street. These streets connect the subject phases to the broader Starling circulation system and to Stillwater Road through previously approved phases.
Internal access within Phases 5 and 6 is provided by a network of public local streets,
including Xavier Road, Stanford Place, Ginger Place, and associated alleys, which are designed to provide safe and efficient vehicular, pedestrian, bicycle, and emergency access throughout the subdivision. Sidewalks and pedestrian connections are incorporated within the street network to maintain connectivity with surrounding neighborhoods and
previously approved Starling phases.
The subdivision layout includes future street stubs and connections intended to serve subsequent phases and adjoining properties. Where streets are proposed to terminate temporarily at the limits of Phases 5 and 6, temporary turnarounds may be required in
accordance with the City of Kalispell Standards for Design and Construction to ensure
adequate emergency access, solid waste collection, and service vehicle maneuverability. Temporary turnarounds will be removed or modified as future phases are developed and permanent street connections are completed.
12
Topography, Geology, and Soils: Geotechnical information submitted with the application, as provided in Chapter 4 (Geotechnical Information), includes a Report of
Geotechnical Investigation prepared by TD&H Engineering, dated January 2022, with
field explorations conducted on December 20, 2021, for earlier phases of the Starling subdivision. The report evaluates subsurface soil and groundwater conditions within the broader Starling development area and provides general recommendations applicable to residential subdivision development.
The submitted geotechnical information indicates that site soils and subsurface conditions are generally suitable for residential development when constructed in accordance with approved engineering plans, applicable building codes, and City standards. Groundwater was not encountered at depths that would preclude typical residential construction during
the referenced investigations. The site consists primarily of previously disturbed soils
characteristic of urban development areas in west Kalispell. Because the referenced geotechnical report predates the current application and was prepared for earlier subdivision phases, its use at the preliminary plat stage is limited to
general site evaluation purposes only. Prior to final engineering approval the applicant
shall submit either: 1. A site-specific geotechnical investigation for Starling Subdivision Phases 5 and 6, or
2. A sealed reliance or cover memorandum prepared by a licensed professional engineer, confirming that the January 2022 TD&H Engineering geotechnical report remains applicable to the proposed development area and scope.
Final foundation design, construction methods, and any site-specific geotechnical
recommendations shall be addressed and approved through the City’s engineering review and building permit processes. Lands Unsuitable for Subdivision: The subdivision does not contain any hazards listed
under Section 28.3.03 of the Subdivision Regulations that cannot be eliminated or
mitigated by approved design and construction plans. B. Effects on Wildlife and Wildlife Habitat:
The Starling Subdivision Phases 5 and 6 site consists primarily of previously disturbed
land within an urbanizing portion of west Kalispell. Existing site conditions reflect prior grading, adjacent subdivision development, and the presence of public infrastructure. No wetlands, riparian areas, surface waters, or wetland-dependent habitats are located within the preliminary plat boundaries.
Based on available Montana Fish, Wildlife & Parks mapping, the property lies within the general distribution area for wildlife species typical of the Flathead Valley. The site is not located within mapped big-game winter range, migration corridors, or other regionally
13
significant wildlife habitat areas. Existing site conditions, including graded surfaces, maintained grasses, and limited vegetative cover, provide minimal wildlife habitat value.
Surrounding land uses consist of existing and developing residential subdivisions, public streets, and urban infrastructure. This development pattern limits habitat connectivity and does not support established wildlife movement corridors through the site.
The proposed subdivision is not anticipated to result in significant adverse impacts to
wildlife or wildlife habitat. Any construction-related impacts would be temporary and minimized through standard construction practices. Based on the site’s existing disturbance, urban context, and absence of mapped wildlife constraints, the property is suitable for residential subdivision.
C. Effects on the Natural Environment: Topography, Geology, and Soils: The Starling Subdivision Phases 5 and 6 area is characterized by generally level to gently sloping terrain typical of the west Kalispell
urban growth area. Existing site conditions reflect prior grading and subdivision activity
associated with earlier Starling phases and adjacent residential development. Slopes within the subdivision boundaries are minor, fall within allowable limits under the Kalispell Subdivision Regulations, and do not present topographic constraints that would preclude residential development.
Available geotechnical information submitted with the application, including information provided in Chapter 4 (Geotechnical Information) and materials prepared for earlier subdivision phases, indicates that site soils are generally suitable for residential development when constructed in accordance with approved engineering plans,
applicable building codes, and City standards. No geologic hazards, excessive slopes, or
slope instability conditions have been identified that would restrict subdivision development under the proposed layout. All grading, roadway construction, and utility installation will be subject to engineering
review and inspection to ensure compliance with City standards and applicable
geotechnical recommendations. Surface and Groundwater: The subdivision will be served by the City of Kalispell public water and sanitary sewer systems, eliminating the need for individual wells or on-site
wastewater treatment and reducing the potential for groundwater impacts. Based on the
materials submitted with the application, no surface waters, wetlands, or riparian environments are located within the subdivision boundaries, and the site is not located within a FEMA-designated floodplain.
Available geotechnical information indicates that groundwater was not encountered at
depths that would preclude typical residential construction during prior investigations. Final grading, utility design, foundation construction methods, and any site-specific
14
geotechnical recommendations shall be reviewed and addressed through the engineering and building permit processes to ensure compliance with applicable City standards.
Drainage: Stormwater runoff from the subdivision will be managed in accordance with the Kalispell Standards for Design and Construction, applicable Montana Department of Environmental Quality requirements, and City MS4 regulations. Streets will include curb and gutter, directing runoff to engineered stormwater facilities designed to collect, treat,
detain, and infiltrate stormwater.
Final stormwater design, including facility sizing, discharge rates, and maintenance access, will be reviewed and approved by the Public Works Department prior to construction. A Homeowners’ Association will be responsible for the long-term operation
and maintenance of stormwater facilities and common-area tracts. A waiver of the right
to protest the formation of a stormwater maintenance Special Improvement District may be required at final plat, consistent with City standards. An erosion and sediment control plan shall be submitted for review and approval prior to
construction and shall address construction-phase stormwater management and site
stabilization in compliance with City MS4 requirements and applicable state standards. Wetland and Watercourse Setbacks: Pursuant to §28.3.06 of the Kalispell Subdivision Regulations, a minimum 100-foot setback is required from delineated wetlands, and
§28.3.07 establishes setbacks from rivers and streams. Based on the materials submitted
with the application and available site analysis, no wetlands or watercourses subject to these setback requirements are located near or within the Starling Subdivision Phases 5 and 6 boundaries.
Topsoil and Erosion: The site does not exhibit characteristics associated with significant
erosion hazards or slope instability. During construction, the developer will be required to implement best management practices through an approved erosion and sediment control plan. These measures may include stabilized construction entrances, temporary erosion controls, revegetation, and slope protection as appropriate. Final stabilization and
revegetation shall be completed in accordance with approved plans to minimize post-
construction erosion and sedimentation and to ensure long-term site stability. D. Effects on Local Services:
Water: Water service for Starling Subdivision Phases 5 and 6 will be provided by the
City of Kalispell through connection to the municipal water system serving the existing Starling subdivision. Water mains will be extended and looped within public rights-of-way in accordance with the Kalispell Standards for Design and Construction. Final water system design, including main sizing, hydrant placement, system looping, and available
fire flow, will be reviewed and approved by the Public Works Department and the
Kalispell Fire Department during engineering review.
15
Any applicable water rights associated with the property shall be addressed prior to final plat approval in accordance with the Kalispell Subdivision Regulations. Based on the
materials submitted, no irrigation or surface-water rights have been identified for the
subject property. Sewer: Sanitary sewer service for Starling Subdivision Phases 5 and 6 will be provided by the City of Kalispell through extensions of the municipal gravity sewer system. Sewer
mains will be constructed within public rights-of-way and connected to the existing City
collection system. All sewer infrastructure will be designed, reviewed, and approved in accordance with the Kalispell Standards for Design and Construction through the City’s engineering review
process. The City’s wastewater system is planned to serve urban residential development
in this area. Any required improvements will be identified during engineering review. Access and Roads: Access to Starling Subdivision Phases 5 and 6 will be provided through the internal public street network of the Starling subdivision, which connects to
the City street system. Streets will be designed and constructed in accordance with the
City of Kalispell Standards for Design and Construction, including roadway widths, curb and gutter, sidewalks, and related infrastructure, to ensure safe vehicular, pedestrian, and emergency circulation.
The street network is designed to allow for future connectivity to adjacent properties and
subsequent subdivision phases. Where streets are constructed in phases and terminate temporarily, temporary turnarounds meeting City emergency access standards shall be provided and removed or modified as future connections are completed. Since the proposed woonerfs are not designed under the City Standards for Design and
Construction, they shall be privately owned and maintained.
Due to site exposure and prevailing winter conditions, snow accumulation and drifting may affect roadway operations within the subdivision. Accordingly, snow fence installation and/or other snow management measures shall be evaluated and addressed
during the engineering review process, in coordination with the City of Kalispell Public
Works Department, to ensure safe winter access and maintenance. Pursuant to § 28.3.25 of the Kalispell Subdivision Regulations, a waiver of the right to protest the formation of a Special Improvement District for future roadway improvements
shall be placed on the final plat.
Traffic: Traffic generated by Starling Subdivision Phases 5 and 6 will consist primarily of local residential trips. Traffic impacts associated with the proposed subdivision were evaluated through a Traffic Impact Study (TIS) Update prepared by Abelin Traffic
Services, dated December 2025, which was submitted with the application materials. The
TIS was reviewed for consistency with the City of Kalispell Transportation Impact Study Guidelines and Standards and applicable engineering requirements.
16
The Traffic Impact Study evaluated anticipated trip generation, distribution, and operational effects on the surrounding roadway network, including internal subdivision
streets and external connections to Stillwater Road and adjacent arterials. The study
analyzed existing conditions and projected traffic operations through full buildout of Phases 5 and 6, accounting for previously approved and anticipated development in the area. The TIS concluded that the proposed development is not expected to result in significant adverse traffic impacts to the surrounding roadway system and that no
additional off-site roadway capacity improvements are required as a condition of this
subdivision beyond those previously planned, approved, or programmed by the City. The traffic analysis incorporates baseline data and assumptions developed in connection with earlier phases of the Starling subdivision, supplemented by updated traffic counts
and operational analysis specific to Phases 5 and 6. Use of prior traffic studies at the
preliminary plat stage is therefore limited to general planning, capacity evaluation, and cumulative impact assessment. Any traffic-related improvements, operational measures, or mitigation required to
maintain compliance with City of Kalispell standards shall be identified and addressed
through the engineering review process, in coordination with the City of Kalispell Public Works Department. Schools: The subject property is located within the boundaries of Kalispell School
District No. 5 and Glacier High School service areas. Residential development within
Starling Subdivision Phases 5 and 6 is anticipated to generate additional students consistent with urban single-family residential development. Based on student generation estimates previously applied to the Starling subdivision and
documented in the Starling Phase 4 Staff Report, approximately 0.5 students per dwelling
unit (K–12) were projected at full buildout. Applying the same ratio to the 54 single-family residential lots proposed in Phases 5 and 6 results in an estimated 27 additional students (K–12) at full buildout.
Pursuant to § 76-3-608(1), MCA, a governing body may not deny approval of a
subdivision based solely on impacts to educational services. The affected school districts have been notified of the application in accordance with statutory requirements. Police Protection: Police services will be provided by the Kalispell Police Department.
The subdivision is located within the City limits and established police service area.
Routine patrol services will extend to the subdivision as streets are constructed and occupied. The proposed residential development is consistent with surrounding land uses and is not expected to create unusual demands on police services.
Fire Protection: Fire protection services for Starling Subdivision Phases 5 and 6 will be
provided by the City of Kalispell Fire Department, with primary response from Fire Station No. 62, located approximately 0.9 miles from the subject property, providing acceptable emergency response times.
17
The subdivision will be served by a network of public streets designed to accommodate
fire apparatus access. Fire flow availability, hydrant spacing, access geometry, and water
system looping will be reviewed and approved during the engineering review and building permit process to ensure compliance with the International Fire Code, the City of Kalispell Standards for Design and Construction, and Fire Department requirements.
Where streets are constructed in phases and result in temporary dead-end conditions,
approved fire apparatus turnarounds shall be provided in accordance with Fire Code requirements and maintained until full street connectivity is achieved. Parks and Recreation: Pursuant to § 28.3.19 of the Kalispell Subdivision Regulations,
residential subdivisions are required to dedicate 0.03 acres of parkland per dwelling unit
or provide park improvements of equivalent value. Based on fifty-four (54) proposed residential lots, the calculated parkland dedication requirement for Starling Subdivision Phases 5 and 6 is 1.62 acres.
Parkland dedication requirements for the overall Starling subdivision were established
and addressed at the Planned Unit Development (PUD) approval level, where parkland areas, common open space, and recreational amenities were evaluated and approved as part of the coordinated, phased development plan. Subsequent subdivision phases, including earlier approved Starling phases, have implemented these requirements through
a combination of dedicated parkland, common open space tracts, and recreational
improvements, consistent with the approved PUD framework. The preliminary plat for Phases 5 and 6 identifies areas designated as open space and common areas that contribute to the subdivision’s overall park and recreation system.
Final determination of usable parkland credit and confirmation of satisfaction of the
parkland dedication requirement for these phases will occur prior to final plat approval, in accordance with §§ 28.3.19 and 28.3.22 of the Kalispell Subdivision Regulations. Areas that are permanently wet, steeply sloped, inaccessible, or that function solely as stormwater facilities may not be credited toward parkland dedication requirements.
Dedicated parkland and common recreational areas within the Starling subdivision are
owned and maintained by the Homeowners’ Association (HOA). A waiver of the right to protest the formation of a park maintenance district shall be placed on the final plat to allow the City to establish a maintenance district in the event the HOA fails to maintain required improvements.
Solid Waste: Solid waste collection and disposal will be provided by the City of Kalispell. The subdivision is located within the City’s established service area and will be incorporated into regular residential collection routes. Existing City and regional landfill facilities are available to serve the proposed development.
Medical Services: Medical services are available from Logan Health Medical Center and associated clinics within the City of Kalispell. The subject property is located
18
approximately 2.5 miles from Logan Health Medical Center, providing timely access to emergency and non-emergency medical care.
Emergency medical response to the subdivision is provided by the City of Kalispell Fire Department, with advanced life support (ALS) and basic life support (BLS) services available. Additional emergency medical transport and critical-care services are available through ALERT air ambulance for patients requiring rapid transport to regional trauma
facilities.
E. Effects on Agriculture and Agricultural Water User Facilities: The subject property has historically been used for agricultural purposes but is no longer
in active agricultural production. The surrounding area has transitioned to urban
residential development through the Starling subdivision and other nearby residential projects. The property is located within the City of Kalispell and the established urban service area, where municipal water, sewer, fire, and police services are available.
Based on the materials submitted with the application, no active agricultural operations,
agricultural water user facilities, irrigation systems, or ditch infrastructure have been identified on the subject property. In addition, no agricultural water rights have been identified as being associated with the parcel. The proposed subdivision is not anticipated to interfere with irrigation deliveries, ditch company operations, or agricultural water-
user easements.
The proposed subdivision will not remove productive agricultural land or disrupt ongoing agricultural operations, as the site and surrounding area have already transitioned from rural and agricultural land uses to urban residential development supported by municipal
infrastructure.
F. Relation to the Growth Policy: The subject property is designated Urban Residential on the Kalispell Growth Policy –
Plan It 2035 Future Land Use Map. This designation is intended to accommodate urban
residential development supported by full municipal services, including public water and sewer, public streets, sidewalks, and emergency services, within the City’s established urban service area.
Starling Subdivision Phases 5 and 6 propose the subdivision of approximately 12.550
acres into fifty-four (54) residential lots, resulting in a gross residential density of approximately 4.3 dwelling units per acre. This density is consistent with the Urban Residential designation which anticipates up to 12 units per acre and represents a continuation of the planned residential development pattern established through earlier
approved phases of the Starling subdivision.
The proposed density, lot configuration, and subdivision layout are compatible with surrounding residential development and reflect an urban development pattern, rather
19
than suburban or rural densities, consistent with the Growth Policy. The subdivision advances residential development at an urban-appropriate density that supports efficient
infrastructure investment and coordinated neighborhood design.
The property is located within the City’s established service area, where municipal infrastructure and public services are available or can be efficiently extended. Development of the site supports the Growth Policy objective of directing residential
growth to areas within City limits that are served by existing and planned public
infrastructure. The proposed preliminary plat extends the internal street, sidewalk, and pedestrian network established in earlier Starling phases and implements the Growth Policy’s
direction for coordinated, connected neighborhood development within designated Urban
Residential areas. G. Compliance with Zoning:
The subject property is zoned RA-1 (Residential Apartment) with a Planned Unit
Development (PUD) overlay under the Kalispell Zoning Ordinance. Development of the property is governed by the approved Starling PUD, together with the applicable provisions of the Kalispell Zoning Ordinance and the Kalispell Subdivision Regulations. The PUD establishes the permitted land uses, development standards, circulation
framework, and infrastructure requirements for the subdivision and allows for phased
residential development consistent with the approved master plan. The proposed subdivision layout for Starling Subdivision Phases 5 and 6 is consistent with the development standards, lot configuration, block layout, internal circulation, and
access provisions established through the approved Starling PUD and prior subdivision
phases. The preliminary plat implements the subdivision framework and development pattern previously approved for the Starling development. All lots within Starling Subdivision Phases 5 and 6 are proposed for single-family
residential development, which is consistent with the approved PUD and the residential
development pattern established in earlier Starling phases. No additional conditional use permits, variances, or zoning deviations are requested as part of this application beyond those already approved under the PUD.
The preliminary plat is designed to comply with the applicable zoning and PUD
standards governing residential density, setbacks, access, and neighborhood compatibility and is consistent with surrounding residential development served by municipal infrastructure and services.
Based on the materials submitted, and subject to compliance with applicable PUD
standards, zoning requirements, and conditions of approval at final plat and building permit review, the proposed subdivision complies with the zoning regulations applicable to the property.
20
H. Compliance with the Kalispell Subdivision Regulations:
The proposed subdivision for Starling Subdivision Phases 5 and 6 complies with the applicable provisions of the Kalispell Subdivision Regulations. The preliminary plat meets the design and dimensional requirements for residential subdivisions, including standards governing lot configuration, block layout, access, circulation, and the extension
of public utilities, as set forth in §28.3.11 and related sections of the regulations.
The subdivision layout provides for adequate public streets, pedestrian facilities, and utility infrastructure consistent with City standards. All required public improvements will be designed, reviewed, and constructed in accordance with the Kalispell Standards
for Design and Construction through the City’s engineering review and approval process.
No variances or deviations from the Kalispell Subdivision Regulations are requested as part of this application. Based on the materials submitted and subject to compliance with applicable conditions at final plat and construction, the proposed subdivision complies
with the Kalispell Subdivision Regulations.
RECOMMENDATION Staff recommends that the Kalispell City Planning Commission adopt Staff Report #KPP-25-07
as findings of fact and recommend to the Kalispell City Council that the Starling Subdivision
Phases 5 and 6 Preliminary Plat be approved, subject to the conditions of approval listed below. CONDITIONS OF APPROVAL
1. All applicable conditions within Starling Phases 1-8 Planned Unit Development (Ordinance 1865) shall apply.
2. The development of the site shall be in substantial compliance with the application
submitted, the site plan, materials and other specifications as well as any additional conditions associated with the preliminary plat as approved by the city council. 3. The preliminary plat approval shall be valid for a period of three years from the date of
approval. (Section 28.2.06(E)(7), Subdivision Regulations)
4. The storm water ponds shall be designed in a way that they become a visual interest to the development. Chain link fencing surrounding the retention pond as the dominant fixture shall not be allowed without mitigation. The developer shall work closely with the Parks
Department and Public Works to develop a design that is both visually appealing and meets
the required safety guidelines. It is intended that when the project is developed the ponds will act as features, particularly along the roadways, rather than a private maintenance utility facility. (Starling PUD condition)
21
5. The developer shall submit to the Kalispell Public Works Department for review and approval a storm water report and an engineered drainage plan that meets the requirements
of the current city standards for design and construction. Prior to final plat, a certification
shall be submitted to the public works department stating that the drainage plan for the subdivision has been installed as designed and approved. (Section 28.3.17, Subdivision Regulations)
6. The developer shall submit to the Kalispell Public Works Department prior to construction
an erosion/sediment control plan for review and approval and a copy of all documents submitted to Montana Department of Environmental Quality for the General Permit for Storm Water Discharge Associated with Construction Activities. (Section 28.3.18, Subdivision Regulations)
7. The developer shall submit water and sanitary sewer plans, applicable specifications, and design reports to the Kalispell Public Works Department and the Montana Department of Environmental Quality for concurrent review, with approval of both required prior to construction. (Section 28.3.20, Subdivision Regulations)
8. New infrastructure required to serve the subdivision shall be designed and constructed in accordance with the City of Kalispell’s Standards for Design and Construction. All design work shall be reviewed and approved in writing by the Kalispell Public Works Department prior to construction. This infrastructure shall include but not be limited to streets, street
lighting, street signage, curb, gutter, boulevard and sidewalks. (Section 28.3.14 & 20,
Subdivision Regulations) 9. Water and sewer main extensions shall be designed and constructed in accordance with the City of Kalispell’s Standards for Design and Construction and in compliance with the city’s
facilities update and extensions of services plans. The water and sewer main extension
plans shall be reviewed and approved by the Kalispell Public Works Department. Prior to final plat, a certification shall be submitted to the Public Works Department stating that the water and sewer mains have been built and tested as designed and approved. (Section 28.3.20, Subdivision Regulations)
10. Any water rights associated with the property shall be transferred to the City of Kalispell per Section 28.3.08 of the subdivision regulations. The water rights shall be allocated proportionally for each phase of the development prior to final plat.
11. The developer shall submit the street design to the Kalispell Public Works Department for
review and approval prior to construction. Street designs shall meet the city standards for design and construction, except as provided in the PUD deviations. In addition, Sections 28.3.13 and 28.4.14 of the Subdivision Regulations includes access, street and road design standards that shall be part of the engineering design review. (Section 28.3.13,14, & 16
Subdivision Regulations)
12. Any lot adjacent to an alley shall access the home from the alley rather than the street. A note shall be placed on the final plat to that effect. (Starling PUD condition)
22
13. Internal streets shall be built to local and collector design standards (the collector shall be
the extension of Timberwolf Parkway) pursuant to the Standards for Design and
Construction including, but not limited to, sidewalks, landscape boulevard, street lights, and curb/gutter, except as provided in the PUD deviations. (Section 28.3.14, Subdivision Regulations)
14. The woonerf street design was included as a deviation in the PUD. As a non-standard
design, the woonerfs are required to be maintained as private streets. (Starling PUD condition) 15. Temporary turnarounds, along with temporary snow fences as appropriate, will be required
as part of the final design until such time as a connection is made in any dead-end location
with the potential to be extended in the future. (Section 28.3.14, Subdivision Regulations) 16. Alleys shall be maintained as private alleys. (Starling PUD condition)
17. Prior to final plat, all mitigation recommended as part of the approved traffic impact study
relative to the given phase shall be completed. All improvements shall be reviewed and approved by the Public Works Department. Per the city Standards for Design and Construction, the development shall maintain or improve the existing level of service for the affected roadways rather than simply maintaining an acceptable level of service. Any
improvements necessary to maintain the existing level of service will be required. Prior to
final plat, either a stamped memo or an updated TIS shall be provided. (Section 28.3.14, Subdivision Regulations) 18. A note shall be placed on the final plat waiving protest of an SID for the roundabout
construction at the intersection of Timberwolf Parkway and Stillwater Road that would
apply to any lots within the development. (Section 28.3.14, Subdivision Regulations) 19. Prior to final plat of any phase, a letter from the Kalispell Public Works Department shall be submitted stating that all new infrastructure has been accepted by the City of Kalispell,
any private infrastructure has been constructed per city standards, and a proper bond has
been accepted for unfinished work. (Section 28.2.09(E), Subdivision Regulations) 20. All existing and proposed easements shall be indicated on the face of the final plat. Utility easements for city water and sewer shall be provided to allow for the logical extension of
utilities from this subdivision to adjoining properties. A letter from the Kalispell Public
Works Department shall be obtained stating that the required easements are being shown on the final plat. (Section 28.3.21, Subdivision Regulations) 21. Pursuant to Section 28.3.21 of the subdivision regulations, the following statement shall
appear on the final plat: "The undersigned hereby grants unto each and every person, firm or
corporation, whether public or private, providing or offering to provide telephone, telegraph, electric power, gas, cable television, water or sewer service to the public, the right to the joint use of an easement for the construction, maintenance, repair, and removal of their lines and
23
other facilities, in, over, under, and across each area designated on this plat as "Utility Easement" to have and to hold forever."
_____________________ Developer's Signature 22. Prior to filing the final plat, a letter from the US Postal Service shall be included stating
the Service has reviewed and approved of the design and location of the mail delivery site.
The mail delivery site shall be installed or bonded for prior to final plat. In addition, the mail delivery site and improvements shall also be included in the preliminary and final engineering plans to be reviewed by the Public Works Department. The mail delivery site shall not impact a sidewalk or proposed boulevard area. (Section 28.3.24, Subdivision
Regulations)
23. A homeowner’s association (HOA) shall be formed and established to provide for the maintenance of the common areas and infrastructure. The association should include provisions for the maintenance of all common areas in recorded covenants including, but
not limited to, storm drainage facilities, open space, park areas, streets, and alleys. As part
of the storm drainage facilities, the association will be required to mow the area to reduce fire hazard and reduce spread of noxious weeds. Maintenance of private roads and alleys shall include both short term and long-term maintenance including, but not necessarily limited to, snow plowing, landscaping, sidewalks, street repairs, overlays, and rebuilds of
the street. (Section 28.3.17 & 22, Subdivision Regulations)
24. A letter from the Kalispell Fire Department approving the access, placement of the fire hydrants and fire flows within the subdivision shall be submitted prior to final plat. (Section 28.3.23, Subdivision Regulations)
25. A letter shall be obtained from the Parks and Recreation Director approving a landscape plan for the placement of trees and landscaping materials within the landscape boulevards of the streets serving the subdivision, common area, and adjoining rights-of-way. The approved landscape plan shall be implemented or appropriately bonded for. (Section
28.3.14, Subdivision Regulations)
26. A park plan shall be created and approved by the Parks and Recreation Director prior to final plat and the plan shall show that the parkland dedication requirement is met for each phase. (Section 28.3.22, Subdivision Regulations)
27. A note shall be placed on the final plat indicating a waiver of the right to protest creation of a park maintenance district. This district shall only be activated in the event that the property owners’ association defaults on their park and open space amenity conditions. The assessments levied within the maintenance district shall be determined by the Parks and
Recreation Department with approvals by the Kalispell City Council. (Section 28.3.22,
Subdivision Regulations)
24
28. Pursuant to Sec 28.3.25 of the subdivision regulations, the final plat shall include a note stating that “The owners hereby waive the right to protest the creation of an SID for the
purpose of financing improvements to area roads which specifically benefit this
subdivision.” 29. A note shall be placed on the final plat indicating a waiver of the right to protest creation of a stormwater maintenance district. This district shall only be activated in the event that
the property owner(s) default on the maintenance of the approved stormwater facilities.
The assessments levied within the maintenance district shall be determined by the Public Works Department with approvals by the Kalispell City Council. (Section 28.3.17, Subdivision Regulations)
30. A minimum of two-thirds of the necessary infrastructure for the subdivision shall be
completed prior to final plat submittal. (Section 28.8.01, Subdivision Regulations) 31. All utilities shall be placed underground and in locations that are approved by the Kalispell Public Works Department in accordance with the Kalispell Standards for Design and
Construction. (Section 28.3.21(C), Subdivision Regulations)
32. All areas disturbed during development shall be re-vegetated with a weed-free mix immediately after development. (Section 28.3.02, Subdivision Regulations)
33. A snow management plan, including the installation of snow fencing where necessary,
shall be evaluated and addressed during the engineering review process and approved by the Kalispell Public Works Department to ensure safe winter roadway operations and emergency access. (Ref: §28.3.21, Kalispell Subdivision Regulations; Kalispell Standards for Design and Construction)
34. Prior to final plat approval and/or engineering plan approval, the applicant shall submit either an updated Traffic Impact Study or a sealed reliance or cover memorandum prepared by a qualified traffic engineer confirming that previously prepared traffic analyses remain valid and applicable to Starling Subdivision Phases 5 and 6, consistent with City of
Kalispell Traffic Impact Study standards. (Ref: City of Kalispell Transportation Impact
Study Guidelines and Standards) 35. Prior to final plat approval, the applicant shall submit a Traffic Impact Study (TIS) update or a sealed reliance or cover memorandum prepared by a licensed traffic engineer
confirming that the approved Traffic Impact Study remains valid for Starling Subdivision
Phases 5 and 6.The TIS identifies a projected level of service (LOS) reduction at the Stillwater Road / Four Mile Drive intersection at future conditions. This LOS impact may be satisfied by previously approved traffic mitigation associated with the Infinity Apartments development, which includes litigation-approved improvements anticipating
all-way stop control at the Stillwater Road / Four Mile Drive intersection. Prior to final plat
approval, verification shall be provided demonstrating that the identified mitigation is approved and legally obligated. If the mitigation is modified or not implemented, an updated traffic analysis and mitigation plan shall be submitted for review and approval by
25
the City of Kalispell Public Works Department. (Ref: City of Kalispell Transportation Impact Study Guidelines and Standards; §28.3.21, Kalispell Subdivision Regulations)
36. Where phased construction results in temporary dead-end street conditions, roadway limits shall be extended and approved temporary turnarounds shall be constructed and maintained in accordance with the City of Kalispell Standards for Design and Construction and applicable Fire Code requirements until permanent street connectivity is achieved.(Ref:
§§28.3.14 and 28.3.21, Kalispell Subdivision Regulations; Kalispell Standards for Design
and Construction) 37. Mid-block pedestrian crossings, if proposed, shall be reviewed and approved by the Kalispell Public Works Department. If approved, such crossings shall be designed to
include any additional traffic control measures deemed necessary by Public Works to
ensure pedestrian and vehicular safety, in accordance with City standards. (Ref: §§28.3.14 and 28.3.25, Kalispell Subdivision Regulations; City of Kalispell Standards for Design and Construction)
38. Development of Starling Subdivision Phases 5 and 6 shall occur in a manner that ensures
all lots have legal public street access and adequate emergency access at all times. If Phases 5 and 6 are constructed independently or in a sequence that results in incomplete internal street connections, no lots dependent on future phase roadway improvements for access shall be developed or issued building permits until such roadway improvements are
constructed and accepted by the City. Temporary access limitations and required
turnarounds shall be addressed through the engineering review process and approved by the City of Kalispell to ensure compliance with City standards and Fire Code requirements.(Ref: §§ 28.3.14 and 28.3.21, Kalispell Subdivision Regulations)
39. Pursuant to Section 28.3.10 of the subdivision regulations, the recommendations in the
Geotech reports and supporting memorandum shall be followed, including providing additional specific Geotech reports for the subject property, which are to be reviewed and accepted by the City of Kalispell prior to construction. Prior to final engineering approval the applicant shall submit either:
a) A site-specific geotechnical investigation for Starling Subdivision Phases 5 and 6, or b) A sealed reliance or cover memorandum prepared by a licensed professional engineer, confirming that the January 2022 TD&H Engineering geotechnical report remains
applicable to the proposed development area and scope.