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I5. Reso 6266, Police & Fire Impact FeesCITY OF KALISPELL REPORT TO: Mayor Johnson and Kalispell City Council FROM: Doug Russell, City Manager SUBJECT: Setting Police and Fire Impact Fees MEETING DATE: Julv 7. 2025 City of Kalispell 201 1"Ave E. P.O. Box 1997 Kalispell, Montana 59903-1997 (406) 758-7000 Fax (406)7757 BACKGROUND: The Impact Fee Committee has completed its review of the Police and Fire Impact Fees and forwarded the approved reports to the City Council (attached to this memo). On May 12, Council held a work session where the allowable fees were reviewed. On June 2, a public hearing was set and on June 16 Council heard from the public on the intent to review the fees. Below are the updated allowable fees. Police Impact Fees 2015 Calculated Allowable 2015 (Council Adopted) 2025 Calculated Allowable Residential per unit $277 $41 $183 Apartment per unit $210 $31 $146 Commercial per 1,000 sq. ft. of build space $179 $16 $529 Fire Im act Fees 2015 Calculated Allowable 2015 (Council Adopted) 2025 Calculated Allowable Residential per unit $277 $41 $745 Apartment per unit $210 $31 $596 Commercial per 1,000 sq. ft. of build space $179 $16 $1,112 Additionally, SB 133 provides for an annual increase equal to the annual producer price index by commodity, all commodities using the 1982-84 base of 100. Attached are the impact fee reports that identify the relevant legal requirements for developing impacts fees, including growth projections and the capital improvements anticipated to meet service demands. Additionally, the reports outline the calculations for the fees that are forwarded to Council for Resolution consideration. RECOMMENDATION: It is recommended that Council approve Resolution 6266, revising police and fire impact fees per the recommendations made in the report. ATTACHMENTS: Resolution 6266 Police Impact Fee Report Fire Impact Fee Report RESOLUTION NO. 6266 A RESOLUTION AMENDING RESOLUTION NOS. 5744 AND 5745 TO ADJUST THE POLICE AND FIRE IMPACT FEE SCHEDULES PURSUANT TO THE RECOMMENDATIONS OF THE IMPACT FEE COMMITTEE AND SENATE BILL 133. WHEREAS, the City Council passed Ordinance 1587 on October 16, 2006, which authorized the imposition of impact fees for police and fire services; and WHEREAS, subsequent to the passage of Ordinance 1587 the city established impact fees for police and fire services; and WHEREAS, the City Council passed Resolutions 5441 and 5442 on August 2, 2010, and Resolutions 5744 and 5745 on December 7, 2015, adjusting the police and fire services impact fees; and WHEREAS, pursuant to MCA 7-6-1602 the Impact Fee Advisory Committee analyzed the police and fire services impact fees, collaborated with city staff in developing the City of Kalispell Final Reports of Impact Fees for the Police Department and the Fire Department, dated March 2025, and is now recommending accordingly that the currently established impact fees be adjusted to more accurately reflect the current costs of local construction as set forth in the report, as well as implementing those changes provided by SB 133; and WHEREAS, Exhibit A attached hereto sets forth the fee schedules that have been recommended by the Kalispell Impact Fee Committee for both police and fire services impact fees. The City Council finds that the City of Kalispell Final Reports of Impact Fees for the Police Department and the Fire Department, dated March 2025, referenced herein, as approved and submitted by the Kalispell Impact Fee Committee, along with the plan and schedule reasonably reflects the capital needs for police and fire services in the City that may be reasonably charged through a police and fire services impact fee. NOW THEREFORE, BE IT RESOLVED BY THE CITY COUNCIL OF THE CITY OF KALISPELL, MONTANA: SECTIONI. That the Police and Fire Impact Fees beset pursuant to the Schedule attached hereto as Exhibit "A" and incorporated fully herein by this reference and that the City Clerk be directed to make the City of Kalispell Final Reports of Impact Fees for the Police Department and the Fire Department, dated March 2025, available to the public upon request. SECTION 2. That this resolution adjusting the impact fee schedules shall become effective immediately. PASSED AND APPROVED BY THE CITY COUNCIL AND SIGNED BY THE MAYOR OF THE CITY OF KALISPELL THIS 7TH DAY OF JULY, 2025. ATTEST: Aimee Brunckhorst, CMC City Clerk Mark Johnson Mayor Exhibit "A" Police and Fire Impact Fees Police Impact Fees * 2015 Calculated Allowable 2015 (Council Adopted) 2025 Calculated Allowable Residential per unit $277 $41 $183 Apartment per unit $210 $31 $146 Commercial per 1,000 sq. ft. of build space $179 $16 $529 Fire Im act Fees 2015 Calculated Allowable 2015 (Council Adopted) 2025 Calculated Allowable Residential per unit $277 $41 $745 Apartment per unit $210 $31 $596 Commercial per 1,000 sq. ft. of build space $179 $16 $1,112 * Fees will increase annually in accordance with the producer price index by commodity, all commodities using the 1982-84 base of 100. Report for City of Kalispell Final Report Impact Fees for Police Service 2025 I Introduction and Overview of the Study 1.1 Introduction................................................................................................................ 1-1 1.2 Overview of the Study.............................................................................................. 1-1 1.3 Impact Fee Advisory Committee (IFAC).............................................................. 1-1 1.4 Disclaimer....................................................................................................................1-2 2 Legal Considerations in Establishing Impact Fee for the City 2.1 Introduction........................................................................................... 2-1 2.2 Requirements under Montana Law......................................................................... 2-1 3 Determination of the City Police Impact Fees 3.1 Introduction........................................................................................... 3-1 3.2 Present Police Impact Fees...................................................................................... 3-1 3.3 Update of the City's Police Impact Fees ................................................................ 3-1 3.4 Key Assumptions...................................................................................................... 3-4 3.5 Implementation and Application of the Impact Fees ............................................ 3-4 3.6 Recommendations........................................................................................................3-4 Tables 3-1 Present Police Impact Fees...................................................................................... 3-1 3-2 Allowable Police Impact Fees.......................................................................... 3-3 Appendix A - Montana Code - Impact Fees Appendix B - Police Impact Fee Exhibits i Table of Contents City of Kalispell, Montana 1.1 Introduction HDR Engineering Inc. (d.b.a. HDR/EES) was retained by the City of Kalispell; Montana (City) to develop in 2006 and update in 2010 the City's cost based impact fees for the City's police services that comply with the Montana Code. The impact fees were once again updated using the cost base method in 2015. This update is based on the methodology used in the previously adopted reports and on current capital improvement plans, planning data, and cost allocations. This report provides a summary of the update to the cost based impact fees for the City's police services. Impact fees are a one-time assessment against new development to pay for the cost of infrastructure required to provide service. Impact fees provide the means of balancing the cost requirements for new infrastructure (buildings and equipment) between existing customers and new customers. The portion of capital improvements that will provide service to new customers is included in the impact fees. In contrast to this, the City may have future capital projects and equipment requirements that are related to meeting existing deficiencies in police services. These costs must be funded by other sources and are not included within the impact fee. By establishing cost -based impact fees, the City intends to assure that "growth pays for growth" and existing residents and businesses will be sheltered from the financial impacts of growth. 1.2 Overview of the Study This report is divided into three distinct components. The next section of the report, Section 2, provides a summary of the legal requirements for the enactment of impact fees under Montana law. The cost based impact fee calculation for the City's police services is provided in Section 3. 1.3 Impact Fee Advisory Committee (IFAC) Under Montana law (7-6-1604), the calculated impact fees must be reviewed by an impact fee advisory committee. The City has convened an impact fee advisory committee for this specific purpose. The role of the advisory committee is to serve in an advisory capacity to the City Council. The advisory committee reviews and monitors the process of calculating, assessing and spending impact fees. Ultimately, the City Council is the governing body responsible for determination of and adoption of the final impact fees. The planning, capital improvements projects, methods and calculations were reviewed and discussed with the IFAC at various meetings since February 2022. At the April 2025 meeting the proposed methodology and impact fee as outline in this updated Report was motioned and approved by the committee members. Introduction and Overview of the Study 1-1 City of Kalispell, Montana 1.4 Disclaimer Determination of impact fees originally presented, used "generally accepted" planning, accounting and ratemaking principles. This should not be construed as a legal opinion with respect to Montana law. Introduction and Overview of the Study 1-2 City of Kalispell, Montana 2.1 Introduction An important consideration in establishing impact fees is any legal requirements at the state or local level. The legal requirements often establish the methodology around which the impact fees must be calculated or how the funds must be used. Given that, it is important for the City to understand these legal requirements. This section of the report provides an overview of the legal requirements for establishing impact fees under Montana law. 2.2 Requirements under Montana Law In establishing impact fees, an important requirement is that they be developed and implemented in conformance with local and state laws. In particular, many states have established specific laws regarding impact fees. The main objective of most state laws is to assure that these charges are established in such a manner that they are fair, equitable and cost -based. In other cases, state legislation may have been needed to provide the legislative powers to the utility to establish the charges. The Montana law enabling legislation for impact fees was enacted in 2005 via Senate Bill 185. This was comprehensive legislation allowing public entities in the State of Montana to enact impact fees for various services. The legal basis for the enactment of impact fees is found in Title 7, Chapter 6, and Part 1601 to 1604 of the Montana Code. A copy of the full code is provided within Appendix A. Legal Considerations in Establishing Impact Fees for the City 2.1 City of Kalispell, Montana 3.1 Introduction This section of the report presents the update of the police impact fees. The calculation of the police impact fees presented in this section are based on the City's planning criteria and future capital improvements as identified in the City's Capital Improvement Plan. The methodology was established in the previously adopted reports and updated with current capital improvements and planning data. To the extent that the cost and timing of future capital improvements change, then the impact fee presented in this section should be updated to reflect the cost of these adjustments. 3.2 Present Police Impact Fees The City currently assesses impact fees for police service. These are assessed for single-family residential units, multi -family residential units and commercial property. A summary of the current fees adopted in 2015 and the updated 2025 cost based fees are provided in Table 3-1. 2015 Cost 2025 Cost Base Based Calculated 2015 (Council Calculated Type of Use Allowable Adopted) Allowable Residential per unit $277 S41 $192 Apartment per unit 210 31 154 Commercial per 1,000 sq ft of build space 179 16 555 3.3 Update of the City's Police Impact Fees The process of calculating impact fees is based upon a four -step process. In summary form, these steps were as follows and are discussed in more detail below. ■ Determination of planning standards I Determination of Police Impact Fees �■ Determination of any impact fee credits �■ Determination of Police impact fees by development type Determination of the City's Police Impact Fees 3-1 City of Kalispell, Montana 3.3.1 Planning Standards The planning horizon used for this report is from 2025 to 2045. The population projections from 2025 to 2045, uses a population growth rate of 2.5% and were derived from a memorandum dated February 4, 2025 from Jarod Nygren, Development Services Director. A copy of the memorandum and population projections are provided in Appendix B as Exhibit B-1 and B-2. The only asset for the police department that is eligible for inclusion in the impact fee is building space. Equipment is not eligible since the asset life is less than ten (10) years. The building space needed for year 2045 is based on an analysis of Kalispell Police Department's current space and three other Montana police departments that have either built a new facility or conducted recent space needs studies. The space needs summary is provided in Exhibit B-1. 3.3.2 Building Costs The next step of the analysis is to review each major functional component of providing police service and determine the impact fee for that component. The components of the City's police service that were reviewed for purposes of calculating an impact fee were as follows: ■ New building space IN Administration costs A brief discussion of the impact fee calculated for each of the components is provided below. BumpiNG SPACE — To determine the amount of new building space that is required to serve growth, and estimate the average square foot per employee, a survey was conducted using three other Montana police departments; Billings PD, Bozeman PD, and Whitefish PD. After reviewing the square footage projections of the three identified police departments the IFAC agreed to a ratio of 241 square feet per employee, which is the average of square foot per employee ratio of the comparison cities. The building space requirement per person (241 sq ft) was then multiplied by the estimated number of new police personal required to service the population growth from 2025 to 2045. The calculation results in a building space requirement for new development of 10,122 sq ft. The detailed space needs summary is provided in Exhibit B-1. The construction cost was determined from the best available information including costs from relevant construction estimates in Bozeman and Nationwide Construction Pricing. The Construction cost summary is provided in Exhibit B-1. IFAC approved $415 per square foot for construction costs for this report. The projected police building cost to support the new building space totals $4,200,630. The space requirement costs are summarized in Exhibit B-3. The total cost was then allocated to residential and commercial development based on the proportional number of calls resulting in $1,470,221 for residential development and $2,730,409 for commercial development. This is a shift from residential to commercial when compared to the 2015 report. Based on recent call records, the allocation to residential development used in this report is 35% residential and 65% to commercial. In the 2015 report, 55% of the calls were allocated to residential development and 45% to commercial. Details of the call by development type are provided in Exhibit B-1. Determination of the City's Police Impact Fees 3-2 City of Kalispell, Montana ApmimsTRATrvE CHARGE — Under Montana statute, an impact fee may include a fee for the administration of the impact not to exceed 5% of the impact fee collected. Therefore, the City has included a police impact fee administrative charge of 5% of the impact fee collected. 3.3.3 Credits The final step in calculating the police impact fee was to determine if a credit for payment from other revenue sources was required. No debt is outstanding for the police in a credit of zero. 3.3.4 Net Allowable Police Impact Fees by Development Type Based on the sum of the component costs calculated above, the net allowable police impact fee can be determined. "Net" refers to the "gross" impact fee, net of any credits. "Allowable" refers to the concept that the calculated impact fee shown in the following tables are the City's cost- based impact fee. The City, as a matter of policy, may charge any amount up to the allowable impact fee, but not over that amount. Charging an amount greater than the allowable impact fee would not meet the nexus test of a cost based impact fee. To determine the residential development police impact fee, the allocated portion of police service costs is divided by the population base that will be served to determine a cost per person. This cost is then multiplied by the number of persons per dwelling type to determine a police impact fee by residential development type. For commercial development, the allocated police service costs are divided by the estimated amount of new commercial building space (1,000 sq. ft.) that will be provided police service. Summaries of the calculated net allowable police impact fees by development type are shown in Table 3-2, and details of the calculations are provided in Exhibits B-4, B-5, and B-6. Residential per unit Apartment per unit Commercial per 1,000 sq ft of build space $192 154 555 The total impact fee as shown for a single-family residential unit is $192. This results in a decrease from the calculated 2015 Cost Base impact fee from residential development impact fees and an increase in the commercial fees. This is due to the change in projected needs in space, construction costs, and the number of calls related to residential development and commercial development. The details of the net allowable impact fee are shown on Exhibit B-5 and Exhibit B-6 of the Technical Appendices. Determination of the City's Police Impact Fees 3-3 City of Kalispell, Montana 3.4 Key Assumptions In the development of the impact fees for the City's police service, a number of key assumptions were utilized. These are as follows: ■ KPD's space needs and costs were used in the calculation. ■ The number of calls by development type was based on recent updated historical call records. 3.5 Implementation and Application of the Impact Fees The residential impact fee is implemented by the type of use per ERU. For residential customers, all single family and townhouses are assessed 1 ERU per unit, and multifamily dwelling units and duplexes are assessed 0.80 ERU per living unit. A tiny house unit 400 square feet or less as defined by State code, are assessed 0.80 ERU. For commercial development, the allocated police service costs are multiplied by every 1,000 square feet of new building space. Application of Police Impact fees includes but is not limited to the following: ■ All new residential and commercial building construction within City limits. ■ All new residential and commercial building expansions within City limits. ■ All new annexed properties with existing residential or commercial buildings. All existing buildings at the time of annexation will be assessed the current impact fee. 3.6 Recommendations The following are recommendation based on the review and analysis of the City's police service. ■ The City should implement impact fees for police service that are no greater than the impact fees as set forth in this report. ■ The City should update the actual calculations for the impact fees at such time when a new capital improvement plan, facilities plan, comprehensive system plan, or a comparable plan is approved or updated by the City, or every five years as deemed by Montana Code law. ■ The City as a matter of policy may adopt an impact fee which is less than the calculated fees as shown in this report, but in doing so, the City will be sharing some portion of development impact costs with existing residents. ■ The City should adjust the impact fee each year by an escalation factor to reflect the cost of interest and inflation. This method of escalating the City's impact fee should be used for no more than a four-year period. After this time period, as required by Montana law, the City should update the fees based on the actual costs and any new planned facilities contained in an updated master plan, capital improvement plan or study. Determination of the City's Police Impact Fees 3-4 City of Kalispell, Montana TITLE 7. LOCAL GOVERNMENT CHAPTER 6. FINANCIAL ADMINISTRATION AND TAXATION Part 16. Impact Fees to Fund Capital Improvements Definitions 7-6-1601. Definitions. As used in this part, the following definitions apply: (1) (a) "Capital improvements" means improvements, land, and equipment with a useful life of 10 years or more that increase or improve the service capacity of a public facility. (b) The term does not include consumable supplies. (2) "Connection charge" means the actual cost of connecting a property to a public utility system and is limited to the labor, materials, and overhead involved in making connections and installing meters. (3) "Development" means construction, renovation, or installation of a building or structure, a change in use of a building or structure, or a change in the use of land when the construction, installation, or other action creates additional demand for public facilities. (4) "Governmental entity" means a county, city, town, or consolidated government. (5) (a) "Impact fee" means any charge imposed upon development by a governmental entity as part of the development approval process to fund the additional service capacity required by the development from which it is collected. An impact fee may include a fee for the administration of the impact fee not to exceed 5% of the total impact fee collected. (b) The term does not include: (i) a charge or fee to pay for administration, plan review, or inspection costs associated with a permit required for development; (ii) a connection charge; (iii) any other fee authorized by law, including but not limited to user fees, special improvement district assessments, fees authorized under Title 7 for county, municipal, and consolidated government sewer and water districts and systems, and costs of ongoing maintenance; or (iv) onsite or offsite improvements necessary for new development to meet the safety, level of service, and other minimum development standards that have been adopted by the governmental entity. (6) "Proportionate share" means that portion of the cost of capital system improvements that reasonably relates to the service demands and needs of the project. A proportionate share must take into account the limitations provided in 7-6-1602. (7) "Public facilities" means: (a) a water supply production, treatment, storage, or distribution facility; (b) a wastewater collection, treatment, or disposal facility; (c) a transportation facility, including roads, streets, bridges, rights -of -way, traffic signals, and landscaping; (d) a storm water collection, retention, detention, treatment, or disposal facility or a flood control facility; (e) a police, emergency medical rescue, or fire protection facility; and (f) other facilities for which documentation is prepared as provided in 7-6-1602 that have been approved as part of an impact fee ordinance or resolution by: (i) a two-thirds majority of the governing body of an incorporated city, town, or consolidated local government; or (ii) a unanimous vote of the board of county commissioners of a county government. History: En. Sec. 1, Ch. 299, L. 2005. Calculation Of Impact Fees -- Documentation Required -- Ordinance Or Resolution -- Requirements For Impact Fees 7-6-1602. Calculation of impact fees -- documentation required -- ordinance or resolution -- requirements for impact fees. (1) For each public facility for which an impact fee is imposed, the governmental entity shall prepare and approve a service area report. (2) The service area report is a written analysis that must: (a) describe existing conditions of the facility; (b) establish level -of -service standards; (c) forecast future additional needs for service for a defined period of time; (d) identify capital improvements necessary to meet future needs for service; (e) identify those capital improvements needed for continued operation and maintenance of the facility; (f) make a determination as to whether one service area or more than one service area is necessary to establish a correlation between impact fees and benefits; (g) make a determination as to whether one service area or more than one service area for transportation facilities is needed to establish a correlation between impact fees and benefits; (h) establish the methodology and time period over which the governmental entity will assign the proportionate share of capital costs for expansion of the facility to provide service to new development within each service area; (i) establish the methodology that the governmental entity will use to exclude operations and maintenance costs and correction of existing deficiencies from the impact fee; Q) establish the amount of the impact fee that will be imposed for each unit of increased service demand; and (k) have a component of the budget of the governmental entity that: (i) schedules construction of public facility capital improvements to serve projected growth; (ii) projects costs of the capital improvements; (iii) allocates collected impact fees for construction of the capital improvements; and (iv) covers at least a 5-year period and is reviewed and updated at least every 5 years. (3) The service area report is a written analysis that must contain documentation of sources and methodology used for purposes of subsection (2) and must document how each impact fee meets the requirements of subsection (7). (4) The service area report that supports adoption and calculation of an impact fee must be available to the public upon request. (5) The amount of each impact fee imposed must be based upon the actual cost of public facility expansion or improvements or reasonable estimates of the cost to be incurred by the governmental entity as a result of new development. The calculation of each impact fee must be in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles. (6) The ordinance or resolution adopting the impact fee must include a time schedule for periodically updating the documentation required under subsection (2). (7) An impact fee must meet the following requirements: (a) The amount of the impact fee must be reasonably related to and reasonably attributable to the development's share of the cost of infrastructure improvements made necessary by the new development. (b) The impact fees imposed may not exceed a proportionate share of the costs incurred or to be incurred by the governmental entity in accommodating the development. The following factors must be considered in determining a proportionate share of public facilities capital improvements costs: (i) the need for public facilities capital improvements required to serve new development; and (ii) consideration of payments for system improvements reasonably anticipated to be made by or as a result of the development in the form of user fees, debt service payments, taxes, and other available sources of funding the system improvements. (c) Costs for correction of existing deficiencies in a public facility may not be included in the impact fee (d) New development may not be held to a higher level of service than existing users unless there is a mechanism in place for the existing users to make improvements to the existing system to match the higher level of service. (e) Impact fees may not include expenses for operations and maintenance of the facility. History: En. Sec. 2, Ch. 299, L. 2005; amd. Sec. 1, Ch. 358, L. 2009; amd. Sec. 1, Ch. 276, L. 2015. Collection And Expenditure Of Impact Fees -- Refunds Or Credits -- Mechanism For Appeal Required -- Cause Of Action 7-6-1603. Collection and expenditure of impact fees -- refunds or credits -- mechanism for appeal required -- cause of action. (1) The collection and expenditure of impact fees must comply with this part. The collection and expenditure of impact fees must be reasonably related to the benefits accruing to the development paying the impact fees. The ordinance or resolution adopted by the governmental entity must include the following requirements: (a) Impact fees collected for a public facility must be deposited in a special proprietary fund created specifically for each public facility as identified in the service area report. Funds must be invested with all interest accruing to the fund. Impact fees collected for a specific public facility may not be transferred to a different fund and must be spent and accounted for solely for the public facility as identified in the service area report. (b) A governmental entity may impose impact fees on behalf of local districts. (c) (i) If the impact fees are not collected or spent in accordance with the impact fee ordinance or resolution or in accordance with 7-6-1602, any impact fees that were collected must be refunded to the person who owned the property at the time the impact fee in question was paid. (ii) If a written request is submitted as provided for in subsection (9), the governmental entity shall refund any impact fee due under subsection (1)(c)(i) within 90 days. (iii) The governmental entity may not impose conditions when issuing a refund pursuant to this part. (d) Impact fees may only be used to acquire, construct, or improve the specific public facility project for which they were collected and may only be expended in compliance with the service area report. (2) All impact fees imposed pursuant to the authority granted in this part must be paid no earlier than the date of issuance of a building permit if a building permit is required for the development or no earlier than the time of wastewater or water service connection or well or septic permitting. (3) A governmental entity may recoup costs of excess capacity in existing capital facilities, when the excess capacity has been provided in anticipation of the needs of new development, by requiring impact fees for that portion of the facilities constructed for future users. The need to recoup costs for excess capacity must have been documented pursuant to 7-6-1602 in a manner that demonstrates the need for the excess capacity. This part does not prevent a governmental entity from continuing to assess an impact fee that recoups costs for excess capacity in an existing facility. The impact fees imposed to recoup the costs to provide the excess capacity must be based on the governmental entity's actual cost of acquiring, constructing, or upgrading the facility and must be no more than a proportionate share of the costs to provide the excess capacity. (4) Governmental entities may accept the dedication of land or the construction of public facilities in lieu of payment of impact fees if: (a) the need for the dedication or construction is clearly documented pursuant to 7-6-1602; (b) the land proposed for dedication for the public facilities to be constructed is determined to be appropriate for the proposed use by the governmental entity; (c) formulas or procedures for determining the worth of proposed dedications or constructions are established as part of the impact fee ordinance or resolution; and (d) a means to establish credits against future impact fee revenue has been created as part of the adopting ordinance or resolution if the dedication of land or construction of public facilities is of worth in excess of the impact fee due from an individual development. (5) Impact fees may not be imposed for remodeling, rehabilitation, or other improvements to an existing structure or for rebuilding a damaged structure unless there is an increase in units that increase service demand as described in 7-6-1602(2)(j). If impact fees are imposed for remodeling, rehabilitation, or other improvements to an existing structure or use, only the net increase between the old and new demand may be imposed. (6) This part does not prevent a governmental entity from granting refunds or credits: (a) that it considers appropriate and that are consistent with the provisions of 7-6-1602 and this chapter; or (b) in accordance with a voluntary agreement, consistent with the provisions of 7-6-1602 and this chapter, between the governmental entity and the individual or entity being assessed the impact fees. (7) An impact fee represents a fee for service payable by all users creating additional demand on the facility. (8) An impact fee ordinance or resolution must include a mechanism whereby a person charged an impact fee may appeal the charge if the person believes an error has been made. (9) Any person or entity who is owed refunded impact fees as provided in this part may request in writing from the governmental entity that prompt payment be concluded. A person or entity who submitted a written request pursuant to this subsection may bring a cause of action against the governmental entity in a court of competent jurisdiction for failure to comply with this part. If a claimant prevails in an action brought against a governmental entity pursuant to this subsection, the court shall award the claimant payment of all amounts due, court costs, expert witness fees, and attorney fees incurred by the claimant. If the claimant is unsuccessful, the court shall award the governmental entity court costs, expert witness fees, and attorney fees. History: En. Sec. 3, Ch. 299, L. 2005; amd. Sec. 2, Ch. 358, L. 2009; amd. Sec. 1, Ch. 330, L. 2023. Impact Fee Advisory Committee 7-6-1604. Impact fee advisory committee. (1) A governmental entity that intends to propose an impact fee ordinance or resolution shall establish an impact fee advisory committee. (2) An impact fee advisory committee must include at least one representative of the development community. The committee shall review and monitor the process of calculating, assessing, and spending impact fees. (3) The impact fee advisory committee shall serve in an advisory capacity to the governing body of the governmental entity. History: En. Sec. 4, Ch. 299, L. 2005; amd. Sec. 2, Ch. 276, L. 2015. Exhibit B-1: Kalispell Police Department 2025 Impact Fee Tech Memo Updated Data Summary March 2025 The purpose of this report is to provide supporting data to update the current Kalispell Police Department Impact Fees. Police Impact Fee calculations are based on current and future ratio factors including: • police employee per building space, • police employee per city population, and • costs per building square foot. In addition to the planning ratios and building cost this report provided recent data which is used to determine the impact ratio between residential and commercial development. A. Building Space, Employee per Population, Cost per Building Square Foot 1. Building Space Requirements— Montana Cities Comparison for space needs planning and costs were collected from Kalispell, Billings, Bozeman, and Whitefish Police Departments. Kalispell Police Department (PD) 2025 2045 Difference Population 31,399 51,451 20,052 # of KPD full-time employees (sworn and non -sworn) 66 108 42 Ratio of KPD employees per 1,000 residents 2.1 2.1 ---- Gross square footage of KPD 15,756 25,878' ---- Ratio of square footage per employee 239 241' ------ 1. Using a 2.5% growth rate 2. 2025 SF/employee, average between comparison Cities 3. 42 new employees x 241 sq ft + 15,756 existing sq ft = 25,878 Billings Police Department (PD) Billings PD currently occupies 29,475 square feet, supporting a staff of 214. The current proportion of square foot per employee is 138. Billings completed a space need and staffing study in 2019. The space needs study calls for an additional 11,380 square feet by 2040. The staffing needs projected an additional 26 staff and an additional 27 in the patrol division for a total of 267 staff. The Billings study concluded in 2040 PD needed a total of 40,855 square feet of building space to support 267 employees at a ratio of 153 square feet per personnel. Bozeman Police Department (PD) Bozeman PD will occupy 30,000 square feet of building (currently being built) and supports a 2021 staff of 79 (of which 67 are officers). The current ratio of square footage per employee is 380. Citizens in Bozeman in 2018 approved a public safety bond authorizing the building of a new public safety center. This building includes Police, Fire, Courts and Victim Services. This total cost of $39,400,000 with total area of 95,000 square feet, equating to a cost of $415 per square foot (the land was acquired on a land swap and is not a component of the total cost). The area dedicated for police is up to 30,000 square feet. Bozeman's staffing study only project through to 2022. In using the same ratio and a 2.5% growth rate, Bozeman PD would have 129 employees in 2040, with a building space ratio of square footage per employee of 233. Whitefish Police Department (PD) Whitefish PD currently occupies 9,826 square feet of building and supports a staff of 20. The current proportion of square foot per employee is 491. In 2010, Whitefish completed a new 32,656 square foot Public Safety Department and Courts Building. The Police Department area (9,826 sq ft) does not include the square feet for common spaces (training rooms, lobbies and corridors, and mechanical/utilities. Cost to construct the building totaled approximately $7,899,831 ($242/sq). Cost of land was excluded from this figure. Whitefish has not completed a space requirement study for the police department. Therefore, for this study Whitefish's estimated employees for 2041 was based on average increase of the other city police departments (including KPD) at 44%. In using this ratio and a 2.5% growth rate, Whitefish PD would have 29 employees in 2040, and the future project building space ratio of square footage per employee is 338. 2. Building Cost Comparisons — Montana Cities Bozeman's current cost evaluation seems to provide the most appropriate data due to our similar building environments. The cost at the time of build was $415 a square foot. Billing's project has not been bid, and no cost were provided, and Whitefish's build data is very dated (2010) given the current environment. This build cost was affirmed using data from a public website, Cummins Insight, provided by Planning Director Jarod Nygren. Cummins Insights publishes building costs for police stations via regions, and Kalispell is in the Denver Region. The report states, for the Denver Region, Police building costs are between $455 and $545 per square foot. This helps confirm Bozeman's build cost of $415/square foot. 3. Summary and Recommendations The table below summarizes the data collected and interpreted from the Montana Cities for current and future building space and employee ratios, and current construction costs. Cummins Kalispell Billings Bozeman Whitefish' Insights (Denver)3 Building Sq Ft 2025 15,756 29,475 30,000 9,825 NA Ft/Employee 2025 239 214 380 491 NA —Sq Building Sq Ft 2045 25,878 40,855 30,000 9,825 NA Sq Ft/Employee 2045 2414 153 233 338 NA Construction Cost/Sq Ft ---- NA $415 $242 $455-545 1) Whitefish built in 2010 excluding land cost 2) Bozeman built a new Safety Building in 2021 3) Nationwide construction pricing — Denver Region (Montana is included in Denver region) 4 Average of three comparison cities In reviewing the data collected from the comparison Cities and national data, Kalispell PD recommends the following information be used for the calculation of the 2025 Police Impact Fee. Kalispell current(Proposed)Notes Kalispell Building Sq Ft 15,756 25,878 Ft/Employee 2025 239 241 —Sq Sq Ft/Employee 2045 ---- 241 2025 SF/employee IF Report, average between comparison Cities Construction Cost/Sq Ft $415 Best available information B. Commercial Development Projections The Kalispell Planning Department predicts there will be 258 additional acres of commercial development between 2025 and 2045. The growth factor of 2.5% was used through the final planning year of 2045. The planning office uses a factor of 20,000 square feet of constructed area per acre, the estimate of additional commercial construction is 5,160,000 square feet between 2025 and 2045. Please reference the attached Construction Trends/Project for Commercial Development 2/4/2025 Memo from Jarod Nygren, Development Services Director. C. Residential and Commercial Call Volume Ratios Commercial and Residential call volumes ratios are used to proportion the calculated fee for both residential and commercial impacts. 2025 Residential/Commercial Call Ratios An updated study was conducted in December 2024. The calls were tracked and recorded by mapping the commercial areas of the city versus the residential areas and interpreting the data from our current records management system. The data was averaged over a four-year period between 2021 and the time of report in 2024. TYPE % only using R&C (four-year average) Residential 35% Commercial 65% CITY�7t�� KALISPELL MEMORANDUM To: Susie Turner, Public Works Director From: Jarod Nygren, Development Services Director Date: February 4, 2025 Development Services 201 Ist Avenue East Kalispell, MT 59901 Phone: (406) 758-7940 Fax: (406) 758-7739 www.kalist)ell.com/t)lannin2 Subject: Construction Trends/Projections for Commercial Development I have attached a worksheet showing commercial construction development trends in Kalispell along with growth projections through the year 2045. In brief, this office anticipates that there will be approximately 258 additional acres of commercial development within Kalispell city limits from 2025-2045. This projection utilizes commercial growth trends from 2014-2024 and adds a 2.5% per year growth rate based on the projected Kalispell population growth rate. The commercial construction figures used for the above estimates are based on building permits issued from 2014 — 2024 within the City of Kalispell. Over this 10-year period the city has seen an average of 189,769 square feet of commercial development occur per year. Commercial development is generally described as non-residential uses including retail, office, medical, governmental, churches, schools and industrial uses. This office utilizes a ratio of 20,000 square feet of constructed area per gross acre of developed land. In other words, a 20,000 square foot building along with the associated required roads, parking, landscaping and setbacks would consume one acre of land. Using the above number of 189,769 square feet of constructed area per year, it is estimated that that this would equate to 9.5 acres of commercial land per year over the past 10 years. Based on 20,000 square feet of constructed area per acre, the estimate of additional commercial construction is 5,160,000 square feet between 2025 and 2045. 2014-2024 Kalispell Annual Square Footage New Construction Commercial/Retail 2014 - 92,434 2015 - 106,153 2016 - 115,998 2017 - 133,140 2018 - 79,932 2019 - 36,137 2020 - 47,161 2021 - 4,426 2022 - 44,891 2023 - 26,994 2024 - 23.195 TOTAL 710,461 (71,046 sq. ft./yr. — 3.55 acres/yr.) Commercial/Office 2014 - 17,426 2015 - 0 2016 - 0 2017 - 0 2018 - 0 2019 - 56,376 2020 - 14,300 2021 - 49,243 2022 - 17,403 2023 - 11,423 2024 - 23.195 TOTAL 189,366 (18,937 sq. ft.Nr. — .95 Acre/yr.) Industrial 2014 - 0 2015 - 9,565 2016 - 0 2017 - 0 2018 - 19,428 2019 - 55,800 2020 - 54,264 2021 - 0 2022 - 40,110 2023 - 19,305 2024 - 45.950 TOTAL 244,422 (24,442 sq. ft./yr —1.2 Acre/yr.) Gov.. Health. Public. Church, etc. 2014 - 50,401 2015 - 66,976 2016 - 266,799 2017 - 94,599 2018 - 28,763 2019 - 19,045 2020 - 67,090 2021 - 21,121 2022 - 45,854 2023 - 17,843 2024 74.951 TOTAL 753,442 (75,344 sq. ft./yr. - 3.8 Acre/yr.) TOTAL SQUARE FOOT 1,897,691(189,769 sq. ft./yr. - 9.5 acre/yr) Notes: 10 years of building permit data from 2014 — 2024, assumes city limits only and 20,000 square feet of structure/acre. PROJECTIONS SHOWING COMMERCIAL (NON-RESIDENTIAL) DEVEOPMENT IN KALISPELL 2021-2040 Using a multiplier equal to population growth (2.5% per yr-2025-2045) 2025 — 9.5 2026 — 9.74 2027 — 9.98 2028 — 10.23 2029 — 10.46 2030 — 10.72 2025 — 2030 - 60.63 ac. 2031 — 10.99 2032 — 11.26 2033 — 11.54 2034 — 11.83 2035 — 12.13 2031 — 2035 - 57.75 ac. 2036 — 12.43 2037 — 12.74 2038 — 13.06 2039 — 13.39 2040 — 13.72 2036 — 2040 - 65.34 ac. 2041 — 14.06 2042 — 14.41 2043 — 14.77 2044 — 15.14 2045 — 15.52 2041 — 2045 - 73.9 Total 257.62 acres Kalispell Population Projections Prepared by Kalispell Planning Department January 2025 2023 (census) - 29,886 2025 - 31,399 2030 - 35,525 4,126 2035 - 40,193 4,668 2040 - 45,475 5,282 2045 - 51,451 5,976 Total Pop. Growth 20,052 Projections based on an assumed growth rate of 2.5% per year after 2023 which will compound for a 72% growth increase over two decades. City of Kalispell Police Impact Fees Population Projections Exhibit B-2 Yearly Population Year Population' Growth Census 2023 29,886 2024 30,633 2025 31,399 1 2026 32,184 785 2 2027 32,989 805 3 2028 33,813 825 4 2029 34,659 845 5 2030 35,525 866 6 2031 36,413 888 7 2032 37,324 910 8 2033 38,257 933 9 2034 39,213 956 10 2035 40,193 980 11 2036 41,198 1,005 12 2037 42,228 1,030 13 2038 43,284 1,056 14 2039 44,366 1,082 15 2040 45,475 1,109 16 2041 46,612 1,137 17 2042 47,777 1,165 18 2043 48,972 1,194 19 2044 50,196 1,224 20 2045 51,451 1,255 20,052 1) 2.5% annual growth rate City of Kalispell Police Impact Fees Space Requirements Exhibit B-3 Step 1 : Square footage per Police Department Personal PD Personal 66 Total Square Feet 15,756 SF/Person 2025 239 SF/Person 2045 241 Step 2: PD per Population 2025 Population 31,399 PD/1,000 residents 2.1 PD per Population in 2025 476 2045 Population 51,451 PD Ratio 2.1 PD Required in 2045 108 Step 3: New PD Square Footage New PD (2025-2045) 42 Required New Space 10,122 Step 4: Total Costs Required New Space (sq ft) 10,122 Cost per Square Foot $ 415.00 Total Police Building Cost $ 4,200,630 1 - From Exhibit B-1. Only new space is allocated to growth. City of Kalispell Police Impact Fees Cost Allocation Exhibit B-4 New Population (2025-2045) 20,052 Required New Space' 10,122 Cost per Square Foot3 $ 415 Total Police Building Cost $ 4,200,630 Residential Cost 2 $ 1,470,221 Commercial Cost 2 $ 2,730,409 1 - From Exhibit B-1. Only new space is allocated to growth. 2 - 35% to residential and 65% to commercial based on four year average 2021-2024 3 - Cost per square foot, see Exhibit B-1 City of Kalispell Police Impact Fees Allowable Residential Impact Fees Exhibit B-5 Residential Impact Fee Costs' Residential Population Served Cost per Person Single Family Dwelling Unit- 2.5 persons per Dwelling Unit Debt Service Credit Administration Fee Net Single Family Impact Fee Recommended Single Family Impact Fee Multifamily Dwelling Unit - 0.80 ERU per Dwelling Unit Debt Service Credit Administration Fee Net Multifamily Impact Fee $ 1,470,221 20,052 $ 73.32 $ $ 183.30 9.17 $ 192.47 $ 192.00 $ $ 146.64 7.33 $ 153.97 Recommended Multifamily Impact Fee $ 154.00 City of Kalispell Police Impact Fees Allowable Commercial Impact Fees Exhibit B-6 Commercial Impact Fee Costs $ 2,730,409 Commercial Acres 2 258 1,000 sq ft of Gross Building Area per Acre 3 20 Total Gross Building Area (1,000 sq ft) 5,160 Impact Fee per 1,000 sq ft of Gross Building Area $ 529.00 Debt Service Credit - Administration Fee 26.45 Net Commercial Impact Fee 4 $ 555.45 Recommended Commercial Impact Fee $ 555.00 1 - From Exhibit B-3 2 - Based on 2025 Planning Construction Trend/Projects for Commercial Development. See Exhibit B-1 3 - Assumes 20, 000 sq. ft. per acre. 4 - Per 1, 000 sq. ft. of gross building area (or fraction thereof). � 5y5�' ' Sun" }ri• �- .wn#R �r l.� �, L • A ^t. I q� , Lt I Final Report Impact Fee Kalispell Fire Depa March 2025 rtment Contents 1 Introduction and Overview of the Study 1.1 Introduction.......................................................................................................... 1-1 1.2 Overview of the Study......................................................................................... 1-1 1.3 Impact Fee Advisory Committee(IFAC)..................................................... 1-1 1.4 Disclaimer..................................................................................1-1 2 Legal Considerations in Establishing Impact Fee for the City 2.1 Introduction.......................................................................................................... 2-1 2.2 Requirements under Montana Law...................................................................... 2-1 3 Determination of the City Fire Impact Fees 3.1 Introduction.......................................................................................................... 3-1 3.2 Present Fire Impact Fees...................................................................................... 3-1 3.3 Update of the City's Fire Impact Fees ........................................................ ......... 3-1 3.4 Key Assumptions................................................................................................. 3-4 3.5 Implementation and Application of the Impact Fees...........................................3-4 3.6 Recommendations................................................................................................3-4 Tables 3-1 Current and Calculated Fire Impact Fees............................................................ 3-1 3-2 Allowable Fire Impact Fees................................................................................. 3-4 Appendix A -Impact Fees Montana Code Appendix B - Fire Impact Fees Exhibits Table of Contents City of Kalispell, Montana Section 1: Introduction 1.1 Introduction HDR Engineering Inc. (d.b.a. HDR/EES) was retained by the City of Kalispell; Montana (City) to develop in 2006 and update in 2010 the City's cost -based impact fees for the City's fire services that comply with the Montana Code. The impact fees were once again updated using the cost base method in 2015. This update is based on the methodology used in the previously adopted reports and on current capital improvement plans, planning data, and cost allocations. This report provides a summary of the update to the cost -based impact fees for the City's fire services. Impact fees are a one-time assessment against new development to pay for the cost of infrastructure required to provide service. Impact fees provide a means of balancing the cost requirements for new infrastructure (buildings and equipment) between existing customers and new customers. The portion of capital improvements that will provide service to new customers is included in the impact fees. In contrast to this, the City may have future capital projects and equipment requirements that are related to meeting existing deficiencies in fire services. These costs must be funded by other sources and are not included within the impact fee. By establishing cost -based impact fees, the City intends to assure that "growth pays for growth" and existing residents and businesses will be sheltered from the financial impacts of growth. 1.2 Overview of the Study This report is divided into three distinct components. The next section of the report provides a summary of the legal requirements for the enactment of impact fees under Montana law. The cost - based impact fee calculation for the City's fire services is provided in Section 3. 1.3 Impact Fee Advisory Committee (IFAC) The Montana Annotated Code requires the establishment of an Impact Fee Advisory Committee (IFAC), which serves in an advisory capacity to the governing body of the City of Kalispell. The planning, capital improvements projects, methods and calculations were reviewed and discussed with the IFAC at various meetings since February of 2022. At the April 2025 meeting the proposed methodology and impact fee as outlined in this Final Report Update was motioned and approved by the committee members. 1.4 Disclaimer Determination of impact fees originally presented, used "generally accepted" planning, accounting, and ratemaking principles. This should not be construed as a legal opinion with respect to Montana law. Introduction and Overview of the Study 1-1 City of Kalispell, Montana Section 2: Legal Consideration of Establishing Impact Fees for the City 2.1 Introduction An important consideration in establishing impact fees is any legal requirements at the state or local level. The legal requirements often establish the methodology around which the impact fees must be calculated or how the funds must be used. Given that, it is important for the City to understand these legal requirements. This section of the report provides an overview of the legal requirements for establishing impact fees under Montana law. This legal summary has been updated from reports prepared by HDR/EES to reflect changes in the impact fee law as set forth in SB0231. The changes in Montana law since the development of the fees were minor language clarifications. Therefore, the methodology established in the previous reports was used as the basis for this update of the fire impact fees. 2.2 Requirements under Montana Law In establishing impact fees, an important requirement is that they be developed and implemented in conformance with local and state laws. Many states have established specific laws regarding impact fees. The main objective of most state laws is to ensure that these charges are established in such a manner that they are fair, equitable and cost -based. The Montana law enabling legislation for impact fees was enacted in 2005 via Senate Bill 185. This was comprehensive legislation allowing public entities in the State of Montana to enact impact fees for various services. The legal basis for the enactment of impact fees is found in Title 7, Chapter 6, and Part 1601 to 1604 of the Montana Code. A copy of the full code is provided as Appendix A. Legal Considerations in Establishing Impact Fees for the City 2.1 City of Kalispell, Montana Section 3: Determination of the City's Fire Impact Fees 3.1 Introduction This section of the report presents the update of the fire impact fees. The calculation of the fire impact fees presented in this section are based on the City's planning criteria and future capital improvements as identified in the City's Capital Improvement Plan. The methodology was established in the previously adopted reports and updated with current capital improvements and planning data. To the extent that the cost and timing of future capital improvements change, then the impact fee presented in this section should be updated to reflect the cost of these adjustments. 3.2 Present and Updated Fire Impact Fees The City currently assesses impact fees for fire service. Fire impact fees are assessed for single- family residential units, multi -family residential units and commercial property. A summary of the current fees adopted in 2015, and the updated 2025 cost base calculated fee is provided in Table 3-1. 2015 Cost Based 2025 Cost Based Calculated 2015 Calculated Type of Use Allowable (Council Adopted) Allowable Residential per unit S 1.067 $483 $ 782 Apartment per unit 811 367 $ 626 Commercial per 1,000 sq ft of build space 778 350 $1,168 3.3 Update of the City's Fire Impact Fees The process of updating the impact fees is based upon a four -step process. In summary form, these steps were as follows: ■ Determination of planning standards ■ Determination of fire impact fees ■ Determination of any impact fee credits ■ Determination of fire impact fees by development type Each of these areas is discussed in more detail below. Determination of the City's Fire Impact Fees 3-1 City of Kalispell, Montana 3.3.1 Planning Standards As a guide the City uses the NFPA 1710 Standard for the Organization and Deployment of Fire Suppression Operation, Emergency Medical Operations, and Special Operations to the Public by Career Fire Departments to determine the number and location of fire stations. These standards were presented to the City Council in 2002 as part of the budget process and are utilized to date. These standards determine the number of fire stations, locations and equipment requirements based on a four (4) minute response for fire engines and an eight (8) minute response for ladder trucks. Station response area maps are provided in Appendix B as Exhibit B-1. With the construction of Fire Station No. 62, the City became more compliant with these standards with respect to response time on March 22, 2006. The City will have deficiencies in providing fire service on building and equipment requirements to the public, based on the current development trends having to do with the annexation of large tracks of vacant land at the outer City limits, which will be addressed by adding new fire stations and equipment. All future fire stations and equipment will be driven by the need to service new development in the City. The planning horizon used for this report is from 2025 to 2045. The population projections use a population growth rate of 2.5% and were derived from a memorandum dated February 4, 2025, from Jarod Nygren, Development Services Director. A copy of the memorandum and population projections are provided in Appendix B as Exhibit B-2 and Exhibit B-3. To meet population growth in the future, the City has planned for three new fire stations and equipment. These are Fire Stations Nos. 63, 64, and 65. On March 7, 2011, the City Council adopted an annexation policy, resolution 540413, that significantly revised the previous annexation boundary. This report uses the 2011 annexation policy boundary for the planning boundary and adjusted Capital Improvement Projects to meet the needs in the expanded service area. The additional future stations are necessary to serve the coverage areas associated within the adopted boundary and provide full response coverage for the expansion of the city. In addition, consideration was made in planning for future response needs in regard to population density within a smaller area of service. The increase of population density within a specified geographical area will increase the demand on the emergency service units in this area causing these units to be already assigned and unable to respond. These new stations will serve the projected population and estimates, with Stations 63 and 65 anticipated to be constructed during the timeline of this report and Station 64 anticipated to be outside the time frame of this report. 3.3.2 Building and Equipment Costs The next step of the analysis is to review each major functional component of providing fire service and determine the impact fee for that component. In calculating the fire impact fee for the City, only planned future CIP were included within the calculation, the components of the City's fire service that were reviewed for purposes of calculating an impact fee were as follows: ■ New fire stations and equipment ■ Administration costs Determination of the City's Fire Impact Fees 3.2 City of Kalispell, Montana A brief discussion of the impact fee calculated for each of the components is provided below. FIRE STATIONS AND EQUIPMENT — To serve new development, the City's fire service capital improvement plan identified two (2) new stations and equipment to maintain the service standards under NFPA 1710 within the City, in addition to Fire Station 62, which has been constructed and is operational. The Capital improvement plan is provided in Appendix B as Exhibit B-4. The impact portion of the costs were then allocated to residential development and commercial development based on the number of calls initiated by each type of development as shown in Appendix B as Exhibit B-5. The current result was a total cost of $11,718,250 of which $5,976,308 is attributable to residential development and $5,741,943 is attributable to commercial development. As noted above, the allocation of costs between residential and commercial development is based on the historical number of calls between the two development types as outlined in Exhibit B-5. The number of calls between residential and commercial has changed since the 2015 report. The 2015 report used an allocation of 68% to residential based on the historical call records. Based on the review of recent call records from 2020 to 2024, the allocation to residential is 51% and Commercial is 49%. Details of the calculations are provided in Appendix B as Exhibit B-6. ADMINISTRATIVE CHARGE — Under Montana statute, an impact fee may include a fee for the administration of the impact not to exceed 5% of the impact fee collected. Therefore, the City has included a fire impact fee administrative charge of 5% of the impact fee collected. 3.3.3 Credits The final step in calculating the fire impact fee was to determine if a credit for payment from other revenue sources was required. No debt relating to new development is outstanding for the Fire Department resulting in a credit of zero. 3.3.4 Net Allowable Fire Impact Fees by Development Type Based on the sum of the component costs calculated above, the net allowable fire impact fee can be determined. "Net" refers to the "gross" impact fee, net of any credits. "Allowable" refers to the concept that the calculated impact fee shown in the following tables are the City's cost -based impact fees. The City, as a matter of policy, may charge any amount up to the allowable impact fee, but not over that amount. Charging an amount greater than the allowable impact fee would not meet the nexus test of a cost -based impact fee. To determine the residential development fire impact fee, the allocated portion of fire service costs is divided by the population base that will be served to determine a cost per person. This cost is then multiplied by the number of persons per dwelling type to determine a fire impact fee by residential development type. For commercial development, the allocated fire service costs are divided by the estimated amount of new commercial building area (per 1,000 sq. ft.) that will be provided with the fire service. Summaries of the calculated net allowable fire impact fees by development type are shown in Table 3-2. Determination of the City's Fire Impact Fees 3-3 City of Kalispell, Montana Development Type Allowable Impact Fee Calculation Results Residential per unit $ 782 Apartment per unit $ 626 Commercial per 1,000 sq ft of building space $1,168 The total impact fee as shown for a single-family residential unit is $782. This results in a decrease from 2015 residential and an increase in the 2015 commercial development impact fees. The details of the net allowable impact fee are shown in Appendix B as Exhibit B-7 and Exhibit B-8. 3.4 Key Assumptions In the development of the impact fees for the City's fire system, several key assumptions were utilized. These are as follows: ■ The City's capital improvements and costs were used in the calculation. ■ The number of calls by development type was based on 2020 to 2024 updated historical call records. 3.5 Implementation and Application of the Impact Fees The residential impact fee is implemented by the type of use per ERU. For residential customers, all single family and townhouses are assessed 1 ERU per unit, and multifamily dwelling units and duplexes are assessed 0.80 ERU per living unit. A tiny house unit 400 square feet or less as defined by State code, are assessed 0.80 ERU. For commercial development, the allocated fire service costs are multiplied by every 1,000 square feet of new building space. Application of Fire Impact fees includes but is not limited to the following: ■ All new residential and commercial building construction within City limits. ■ All new residential and commercial building expansions within City limits. ■ All new annexed properties with existing residential or commercial buildings. All existing buildings at the time of annexation will be assessed the current impact fee. 3.6 Recommendations The following are recommendations based on the review and analysis of the City's fire service. ■ The City should implement impact fees for fire service that are no greater than the impact fees as set forth in this report. Determination of the City's Fire Impact Fees 3-4 City of Kalispell, Montana ■ The City should update the actual calculations for the impact fees at such time when a new capital improvement plan, facilities plan, comprehensive system plan, or a comparable plan is approved or updated by the City, or every five years as deemed by Montana Code law. ■ The City as a matter of policy may adopt an impact fee which is less than the calculated fees as shown in this report, but in doing so, the City will be sharing some portion of development impact costs with existing residents. ■ The City should adjust the impact fee each year by an escalation factor to reflect the cost of interest and inflation. This method of escalating the City's impact fee should be used for no more than a four-year period. After this time period, as required by Montana law, the City should update the fees based on the actual costs and any new planned facilities contained in an updated master plan, capital improvement plan or study. Determination of the City's Fire Impact Fees 3-5 City of Kalispell, Montana r�`� �'�u Exhibit A-1 Montana Code Annotated 2023 TITLE 7. LOCAL GOVERNMENT CHAPTER 6. FINANCIAL ADMINISTRATION AND TAXATION Part 16. Impact Fees to Fund Capital Improvements Definitions 7-6-1601. Definitions. As used in this part, the following definitions apply: (1) (a) "Capital improvements" means improvements, land, and equipment with a useful life of 10 years or more that increase or improve the service capacity of a public facility. (b) The term does not include consumable supplies. (2) "Connection charge" means the actual cost of connecting a property to a public utility system and is limited to the labor, materials, and overhead involved in making connections and installing meters. (3) "Development" means construction, renovation, or installation of a building or structure, a change in use of a building or structure, or a change in the use of land when the construction, installation, or other action creates additional demand for public facilities. (4) "Governmental entity" means a county, city, town, or consolidated government. (5) (a) "Impact fee" means any charge imposed upon development by a governmental entity as part of the development approval process to fund the additional service capacity required by the development from which it is collected. An impact fee may include a fee for the administration of the impact fee not to exceed 5% of the total impact fee collected. (b) The term does not include: (i) a charge or fee to pay for administration, plan review, or inspection costs associated with a permit required for development; (ii) a connection charge; (iii) any other fee authorized by law, including but not limited to user fees, special improvement district assessments, fees authorized under Title 7 for county, municipal, and consolidated government sewer and water districts and systems, and costs of ongoing maintenance; or (iv) onsite or offsite improvements necessary for new development to meet the safety, level of service, and other minimum development standards that have been adopted by the governmental entity. (6) "Proportionate share" means that portion of the cost of capital system improvements that reasonably relates to the service demands and needs of the project. A proportionate share must take into account the limitations provided in 7-6-1602. (7) "Public facilities" means: (a) a water supply production, treatment, storage, or distribution facility; (b) a wastewater collection, treatment, or disposal facility; (c) a transportation facility, including roads, streets, bridges, rights -of -way, traffic signals, and landscaping; (d) a storm water collection, retention, detention, treatment, or disposal facility or a flood control facility; (e) a police, emergency medical rescue, or fire protection facility; and (f) other facilities for which documentation is prepared as provided in 7-6-1602 that have been approved as part of an impact fee ordinance or resolution by: (i) a two-thirds majority of the governing body of an incorporated city, town, or consolidated local government; or (ii) a unanimous vote of the board of county commissioners of a county government. History: En. Sec. 1, Ch. 299, L. 2005. Calculation Of Impact Fees -- Documentation Required Ordinance Or Resolution -- Requirements For Impact Fees 7-6-1602. Calculation of impact fees -- documentation required -- ordinance or resolution -- requirements for impact fees. (1) For each public facility for which an impact fee is imposed, the governmental entity shall prepare and approve a service area report. (2) The service area report is a written analysis that must: (a) describe existing conditions of the facility; (b) establish level -of -service standards; (c) forecast future additional needs for service for a defined period of time; (d) identify capital improvements necessary to meet future needs for service; (e) identify those capital improvements needed for continued operation and maintenance of the facility; (f) make a determination as to whether one service area or more than one service area is necessary to establish a correlation between impact fees and benefits; (g) make a determination as to whether one service area or more than one service area for transportation facilities is needed to establish a correlation between impact fees and benefits; (h) establish the methodology and time period over which the governmental entity will assign the proportionate share of capital costs for expansion of the facility to provide service to new development within each service area; (i) establish the methodology that the governmental entity will use to exclude operations and maintenance costs and correction of existing deficiencies from the impact fee; Q) establish the amount of the impact fee that will be imposed for each unit of increased service demand; and (k) have a component of the budget of the governmental entity that: (i) schedules construction of public facility capital improvements to serve projected growth; (ii) projects costs of the capital improvements; (iii) allocates collected impact fees for construction of the capital improvements; and (iv) covers at least a 5-year period and is reviewed and updated at least every 5 years. (3) The service area report is a written analysis that must contain documentation of sources and methodology used for purposes of subsection (2) and must document how each impact fee meets the requirements of subsection (7). (4) The service area report that supports adoption and calculation of an impact fee must be available to the public upon request. (5) The amount of each impact fee imposed must be based upon the actual cost of public facility expansion or improvements or reasonable estimates of the cost to be incurred by the governmental entity as a result of new development. The calculation of each impact fee must be in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles. (6) The ordinance or resolution adopting the impact fee must include a time schedule for periodically updating the documentation required under subsection (2). (7) An impact fee must meet the following requirements: (a) The amount of the impact fee must be reasonably related to and reasonably attributable to the development's share of the cost of infrastructure improvements made necessary by the new development. (b) The impact fees imposed may not exceed a proportionate share of the costs incurred or to be incurred by the governmental entity in accommodating the development. The following factors must be considered in determining a proportionate share of public facilities capital improvements costs: (i) the need for public facilities capital improvements required to serve new development; and (ii) consideration of payments for system improvements reasonably anticipated to be made by or as a result of the development in the form of user fees, debt service payments, taxes, and other available sources of funding the system improvements. (c) Costs for correction of existing deficiencies in a public facility may not be included in the impact fee. (d) New development may not be held to a higher level of service than existing users unless there is a mechanism in place for the existing users to make improvements to the existing system to match the higher level of service. (e) Impact fees may not include expenses for operations and maintenance of the facility. History: En. Sec. 2, Ch. 299, L. 2005; amd. Sec. 1, Ch. 358, L. 2009; amd. Sec. 1, Ch. 276, L. 2015. Collection And Expenditure Of Impact Fees -- Refunds Or Credits -- Mechanism For Appeal Required -- Cause Of Action 7-6-1603. Collection and expenditure of impact fees -- refunds or credits -- mechanism for appeal required -- cause of action. (1) The collection and expenditure of impact fees must comply with this part. The collection and expenditure of impact fees must be reasonably related to the benefits accruing to the development paying the impact fees. The ordinance or resolution adopted by the governmental entity must include the following requirements: (a) Impact fees collected for a public facility must be deposited in a special proprietary fund created specifically for each public facility as identified in the service area report. Funds must be invested with all interest accruing to the fund. Impact fees collected for a specific public facility may not be transferred to a different fund and must be spent and accounted for solely for the public facility as identified in the service area report. (b) A governmental entity may impose impact fees on behalf of local districts. (c) (i) If the impact fees are not collected or spent in accordance with the impact fee ordinance or resolution or in accordance with 7-6-1602, any impact fees that were collected must be refunded to the person who owned the property at the time the impact fee in question was paid. (ii) If a written request is submitted as provided for in subsection (9), the governmental entity shall refund any impact fee due under subsection (1)(c)(i) within 90 days. (iii) The governmental entity may not impose conditions when issuing a refund pursuant to this part. (d) Impact fees may only be used to acquire, construct, or improve the specific public facility project for which they were collected and may only be expended in compliance with the service area report. (2) All impact fees imposed pursuant to the authority granted in this part must be paid no earlier than the date of issuance of a building permit if a building permit is required for the development or no earlier than the time of wastewater or water service connection or well or septic permitting. (3) A governmental entity may recoup costs of excess capacity in existing capital facilities, when the excess capacity has been provided in anticipation of the needs of new development, by requiring impact fees for that portion of the facilities constructed for future users. The need to recoup costs for excess capacity must have been documented pursuant to 7-6-1602 in a manner that demonstrates the need for the excess capacity. This part does not prevent a governmental entity from continuing to assess an impact fee that recoups costs for excess capacity in an existing facility. The impact fees imposed to recoup the costs to provide the excess capacity must be based on the governmental entity's actual cost of acquiring, constructing, or upgrading the facility and must be no more than a proportionate share of the costs to provide the excess capacity. (4) Governmental entities may accept the dedication of land or the construction of public facilities in lieu of payment of impact fees if: (a) the need for the dedication or construction is clearly documented pursuant to 7-6-1602; (b) the land proposed for dedication for the public facilities to be constructed is determined to be appropriate for the proposed use by the governmental entity; (c) formulas or procedures for determining the worth of proposed dedications or constructions are established as part of the impact fee ordinance or resolution; and (d) a means to establish credits against future impact fee revenue has been created as part of the adopting ordinance or resolution if the dedication of land or construction of public facilities is of worth in excess of the impact fee due from an individual development. (5) Impact fees may not be imposed for remodeling, rehabilitation, or other improvements to an existing structure or for rebuilding a damaged structure unless there is an increase in units that increase service demand as described in 7-6-1602(2)(j). If impact fees are imposed for remodeling, rehabilitation, or other improvements to an existing structure or use, only the net increase between the old and new demand may be imposed. (6) This part does not prevent a governmental entity from granting refunds or credits: (a) that it considers appropriate and that are consistent with the provisions of 7-6-1602 and this chapter; or (b) in accordance with a voluntary agreement, consistent with the provisions of 7-6-1602 and this chapter, between the governmental entity and the individual or entity being assessed the impact fees. (7) An impact fee represents a fee for service payable by all users creating additional demand on the facility. (8) An impact fee ordinance or resolution must include a mechanism whereby a person charged an impact fee may appeal the charge if the person believes an error has been made. (9) Any person or entity who is owed refunded impact fees as provided in this part may request in writing from the governmental entity that prompt payment be concluded. A person or entity who submitted a written request pursuant to this subsection may bring a cause of action against the governmental entity in a court of competent jurisdiction for failure to comply with this part. If a claimant prevails in an action brought against a governmental entity pursuant to this subsection, the court shall award the claimant payment of all amounts due, court costs, expert witness fees, and attorney fees incurred by the claimant. If the claimant is unsuccessful, the court shall award the governmental entity court costs, expert witness fees, and attorney fees. History: En. Sec. 3, Ch. 299, L. 2005; amd. Sec. 2, Ch. 358, L. 2009; amd. Sec. 1, Ch. 330, L. 2023. Impact Fee Advisory Committee 7-6-1604. Impact fee advisory committee. (1) A governmental entity that intends to propose an impact fee ordinance or resolution shall establish an impact fee advisory committee. (2) An impact fee advisory committee must include at least one representative of the development community. The committee shall review and monitor the process of calculating, assessing, and spending impact fees. (3) The impact fee advisory committee shall serve in an advisory capacity to the governing body of the governmental entity. History: En. Sec. 4, Ch. 299, L. 2005; amd. Sec. 2, Ch. 276, L. 2015. Exhibit B-1 Fire Station Planning Memorandum and Response Maps cmop FIRE OMPT. A", KALISPELL FIRE DEPARTMENT KALISPELL Dan Pearce- Fire Chief Jessica Kinzer- Assistant Fire Chief Cec Lee- Fire Secretary Friday, January 24, 2025 TO: Impact Fee Committee FROM: Daniel Pearce, Fire Chief RE: Station Planning and Mapping 312 First Ave East/PO Box 1997 Kalispeil, Montana 59901 Phone 406-758-7760 Fax 406-758-7777 As part of the planning efforts for the Fire Department, the city has utilized its ability to map station distances and response time plans utilizing the in-house GIS mapping systems and calculations. This system is not an actual response time analysis report as it uses the flood trace module which inputs two variables, speed of roadways and distance, then produces the map that is referenced in the impact fee appendix B. This type of map works for general planning purposes however does not accurately portray actual response times for areas involved. Using actual drive time and historic response time data, we concluded that the flood trace maps cover a larger area than what is accurate to daily operations. This constitutes an issue where one station coverage area intersects with another's and may leave a response area of the timed response of 4- and 8-minute marks as outlined in the NFPA 1.710 even though covered on the map. Daniel Pearce, Fire Chief 65 V, UP 65 m m Kalispell Fire Station 64 Response Area � �r Exhibit B-2 Population and Projections Memorandum Ilk 4t CITY OF # KALISPELL MEMORANDUM To: Susie Turner, Public Works Director From: Jarod Nygren, Development Services Director Date: February 4, 2025 Development Services 201 lst Avenue East Kalispell, MT 59901 Phone: (406) 758-7940 Fax: (406) 758-7739 www.kalispell.com/plannin,a Subject: Construction Trends/Projections for Commercial Development I have attached a worksheet showing commercial construction development trends in Kalispell along with growth projections through the year 2045. In brief, this office anticipates that there will be approximately 258 additional acres of commercial development within Kalispell city limits from 2025- 2045. This projection utilizes commercial growth trends from 2014-2024 and adds a 2.5% per year growth rate based on the projected Kalispell population growth rate. The commercial construction figures used for the above estimates are based on building permits issued from 2014 — 2024 within the City of Kalispell. Over this 10-year period the city has seen an average of 189,769 square feet of commercial development occur per year. Commercial development is generally described as non-residential uses including retail, office, medical, governmental, churches, schools and industrial uses. This office utilizes a ratio of 20,000 square feet of constructed area per gross acre of developed land. In other words, a 20,000 square foot building along with the associated required roads, parking, landscaping and setbacks would consume one acre of land. Using the above number of 189,769 square feet of constructed area per year, it is estimated that that this would equate to 9.5 acres of commercial land per year over the past 10 years. Based on 20,000 square feet of constructed area per acre, the estimate of additional commercial construction is 5,160,000 square feet between 2025 and 2045. 2014-2024 Kalispell Annual Square Footage New Construction Commercial/Retail 2014 - 92,434 2015 - 106,153 2016 - 115,998 2017 - 133,140 2018 - 79,932 2019 - 36,137 2020 - 47,161 2021 - 4,426 2022 - 44,891 2023 - 26,994 2024 - 23,195 TOTAL 710,461 (71,046 sq. ft./yr. — 3.55 acres/yr.) Commercial/Office 2014 - 17,426 2015 - 0 2016 - 0 2017 - 0 2018 - 0 2019 - 56,376 2020 - 14,300 2021 - 49,243 2022 - 17,403 2023 - 11,423 2024 - 23,195 TOTAL 189,366 (18,937 sq. ft./Yr. — .95 Acre/yr.) Industrial 2014 - 0 2015 - 9,565 2016 - 0 2017 - 0 2018 - 19,428 2019 - 55,800 2020 - 54,264 2021 - 0 2022 - 40,110 2023 - 19,305 2024 - 45.950 TOTAL 244,422 (24,442 sq. ft./yr —1.2 Acre/yr.) Gov.. Health. Public. Church, etc. 2014 - 50,401 2015 - 66,976 2016 - 266,799 2017 - 94,599 2018 - 28,763 2019 - 19,045 2020 - 67,090 2021 - 21,121 2022 - 45,854 2023 - 17,843 2024 74.951 TOTAL 753,442 (75,344 sq. ft./yr. - 3.8 Acre/yr.) TOTAL SQUARE FOOT 1,897,691 (189,769 sq. ft./yr. - 9.5 acre/yr) Notes: 10 years of building permit data from 2014 — 2024, assumes city limits only and 20,000 square feet of structure/acre. PROJECTIONS SHOWING COMMERCIAL (NON-RESIDENTIAL) DEVEOPMENT IN KALISPELL 2021-2040 Using a multiplier equal to population growth (2.5% per yr-2025-2045) 2025 — 9.5 2026 — 9.74 2027 — 9.98 2028 — 10.23 2029 — 10.46 2030 — 10.72 2025 — 2030 - 60.63 ac. 2031 — 10.99 2032 — 11.26 2033 — 11.54 2034 — 11.83 2035 — 12.13 2031 — 2035 - 57.75 ac. 2036 — 12.43 2037 — 12.74 2038 — 13.06 2039 — 13.39 2040 — 13.72 2036 — 2040 - 65.34 ac. 2041 — 14.06 2042 — 14.41 2043 — 14.77 2044 — 15.14 2045 — 15.52 2041 — 2045 - 73.9 Total 257.62 acres Kalispell Population Projections Prepared by Kalispell Planning Department January 2025 2023 (census) - 29,886 2025 - 31,399 1,513 2030 - 35,525 4,126 2035 - 40,193 4,668 2040 - 45,475 5,282 2045 - 51,451 5,976 Total Pop. Growth 219565 Projections based on an assumed growth rate of 2.5% per year after 2023 which will compound for a 72% growth increase over two decades. City of Kalispell Fire Impact Fees Population Projections Exhibit B-3 Exhibit B-3 Population Projections Yearly Population Year Population' Growth Census 2023 29,886 2024 30,633 2025 31,399 1 2026 32,184 785 2 2027 32,989 805 3 2028 33,813 825 4 2029 34,659 845 5 2030 35,525 866 6 2031 36,413 888 7 2032 37,324 910 8 2033 38,257 933 9 2034 39,213 956 10 2035 40,193 980 11 2036 41,198 1,005 12 2037 42,228 1,030 13 2038 43,284 1,056 14 2039 44,366 1,082 15 2040 45,475 1,109 16 2041 46,612 1,137 17 2042 47,777 1,165 18 2043 48,972 1,194 19 2044 50,196 1,224 20 2045 51,451 1,255 20,052 1) 2.5% annual growth rate Exhibit B-4 Capital Improvement Plan City of Kalispell Fire Impact Fees Capital Improvement Plan Exhibit B-4 Project Description Funding Designation Estimated cost FY 24-25 Estimated cost FY 27-28 Estimated cost FY 28-29 Estimated cost FY 39-45 C I P Total Fire Station 63 C $7,000,000 $7,000,000 Fire Pumper 63 $1,200,000 $1,200,000 Re-Furb Urban InterMlildland $105,000 $105,000 Fire Station 65 1 $8,000,000 $8,000,000 Fire Pumper Ladder $1,800,000 $1,800,000 Urban Interface (Wfldland) $175,000 $175,000 Fire Pu rnper (replace '18) $1, 300,000 $1,300,000 Fire Purnper 65 $1,500,000 $1,500,000 Total cost/year $1,305,C)C)C)l $7,000,000 s3,1CC),OOC)I $9,675,0001 $21,080,000 Funding Designation I = Impact fees C— Combination of funds L= Levy Exhibit B-5 Fire Suppression Asset Costs City of Kalispell Fire Impact Fees Fire Suppression Asset Costs Exhibit B-5 Other Capital Projects Percent Funding Impact Fee Station Description Cost $ Impact Fee Sources' Cost $ Residential Ratio 51.00% Impact Fee Cost? $ Residential Commercial 63 Building 7,000,000 38% 5% 2,527,000 1,288,770 1,238,230 65 Building 8,000,000 100% 5% 7,600,000 3,876,000 3,724,000 Equipment Fire Pumper 1,300,000 0% 5% - Equipment Fire Pumper/Ladder 1,800,000 0°% 100% Equipment Urban Interface (Wildland) Engine 105,000 0% 100% - - - Equipment Urban Interface (Wildland) Engine 175,000 100% 5% 166,250 84,788 81,463 Equipment 1 Fire Pumper 1 1,500,000 1 100% 1 5% 1 1,425,0001 726,7501 698,250 Total Cost 1 1 $ 21,080,000 1 1 1 $ 11,718,250 1 $ 6,976.308 1$ 5,7d1,943 1- Funding percent from grants and properly tax levies. 2 - Based on the number of calls. See Exhibit B-6 for CommerciallResidential Service Ratio Exhibit B-6 Impact Fee Cost Review S P� F11RE DFPT- KALISPELL FiREDEPAR TKALISPELL Dan Pearce. Fire Chief Jessica Kir'ler- Assistant Fire Chic Cac Lee- Vfi%e Secretary Friday, January 24, 2025 TO- linpact. Fee Committee FROM: Daniel 11,arce, Fire Chief 312 First Ave PAs 6.' I 1C, P. x, 7 9 Kalispell, VIC.-I tana ).Vj') 1 4X- "_8­77(iO FaX 406_7 5 6_ i . �'i' I The Kalispell l'ir. has reviowed the iwii1ber of call, anJ QL_�mmercial tVI)e OCCUPa_.LJeS. Ll 'I' I II.' I Ile lfttOSt C,I I JtiL "0,- LILC '%Qar, 2"10- 20_ and 2-11-14 we have I'(11-111d 111,2 calls for service to be 17. -71 ' R, Kli21111411 Occllptl to 9,075 Io 1:l I ca I,.� lor service or 5 1% of the call. volume. Ccmi-_evcia! ()Cc I) I:, I "(i l�l L,633 total calls fur sen!icc or 4To of the call Volume. AI I dh:a waw Acrived froni C a I s t6r sc•r\ 7L,, records through the Nii_ I crri I I iiv incidciit R,,,)()o I w! `~� � m (X [[�S I i .. �: rUK: 11'L;Il11�.11 Comity 911 Rucords. Daniel Pearce, Fire Chief Exhibit B-7 Residential City of Kalispell Fire Impact Fees Allowable Residential Impact Fees Exhibit B-7 Residential Impact Fee Costs 1 $5,976,308 Residential Population Served 2 20,052 Cost per Person $ 298.04 Single Family Residential Single Family Dwelling Unit- 2.5 persons per Dwelling Unit $ 745.10 Debt Service Credit - Administration Fee 37.26 Net Single Family Impact Fee $ 782.36 Recommended Single Family Fee $ 782 Multifamily Dwelling Unit Multifamily Dwelling Unit - 0.8 per ERU $ 596.08 Debt Service Credit - Administration Fee 29.80 Net Multifamily Impact Fee $ 625.89 Recommended Multifamily Fee $ 626 1 - From Exhibit B-5 2 - Based population growth from 2025 to 2045 -see Appendix B-3 City of Kalispell Growth projections Exhibit B-8 Commercial City of Kalispell Fire Impact Fees Allowable Commercial Impact Fees Exhibit B-8 Commercial Impact Fee Costs 1 $5,741,943 Commercial Acres 2 258 1,000 sq ft of Gross Building Area per Acre 3 20.00 Total Gross Building Area (1,000 sq ft) 5,160 Impact Fee per 1,000 sq ft of Gross Building Area $1,112.78 Debt Service Credit Administration Fee 55.64 Net Commercial Impact Fee $1,168.42 Recommended Fee4 $1,168 1 - From Exhibit B-5 2 - Based on Construction Trend/Projects for Commercial Development. See Exhibit B-2 3 - Assumes 20, 000 sq. ft. per acre. 4 - Per 1, 000 sq. ft. of gross building area (or fraction thereof).