06-25-18 Work Session Agenda and MaterialsCITY COUNCIL
WORK SESSION AGENDA
June 25, 2018, at 7:00 p.m.
City Hall Council Chambers, 201 First Avenue East
A. CALL TO ORDER
B. DISCUSSION ITEMS
1. Biosolids Building
C. PUBLIC COMMENT
Persons wishing to address the council are asked to do so at this time. Those addressing
the council are requested to give their name and address for the record. Please limit
comments to three minutes.
D. CITY MANAGER, COUNCIL, AND MAYOR REPORTS
E. ADJOURNMENT
UPCOMING SCHEDULE / FOR YOUR INFORMATION
Next Regular Meeting — July 2, 2018, at 7:00 p.m. — Council Chambers
Next Work Session — July 9, 2018, at 7:00 p.m. — Council Chambers
Reasonable accommodations will be made to enable individuals with disabilities to attend this meeting.
Please notify the City Clerk at 758-7756.
Page 1 of 1
City of Kalispell
Post Office Box 1997 - Kalispell, Montana.
59903
Telephone: (406) 758-7701 Fax: (406) 758-7758
To: Doug Russell, City Manager
From: Susie Turner, Public Work Director
Re: Review of the Kalispell AWWTP Biosolids Management Plan
Meeting Date: June 25, 2018
BACKGROUND: Wastewater treatment plants generate two main products; the liquid stream
or effluent and the solid stream or sewage sludge (a.k.a. biosolids). Kalispell's Biological
Nutrient Removal (BNR) plant ultimately removes the phosphorus from the sewage through the
biosolids removal. The biosolid product is thickened, dewatered, and hauled to Glacier Gold
Compost and the Flathead County Solid Waste landfill.
The City is approaching the contractual capacity at the composting facility and needed to
evaluate options for biosolids management for future disposal. HDR's services were procured to
provide recommendations for alternative biosolids management methods based on evaluation
criteria to service the City's needs for current and future biosolids management.
During this work session, staff will be presenting a summary of the Kalispell AWWTP Biosolids
Management Plan including:
• Summarizing biosolids regulations;
• Basis of Planning -current and future biosolids generations;
• Identifying trends and drivers for biosolids management;
• Identifying biosolids management alternatives;
• Developing biosolids management strategies; and
• Providing biosolids management strategy recommendations.
ATTACHMENTS: Kalispell AWWTP Biosolids Management Plan
Kalispell AWWTP
Biosolids
Kalispell AWWTP Biosolids Management Plan
Table of Contents
1.0 Introduction..................................................................................................................
1-1
Background.........................................................................................................................
1-1
Purpose...............................................................................................................................
1-1
2.0 Existing Treatment Plant Processes.............................................................................
2-1
Liquid Stream Processes Overview.....................................................................................
2-1
Biosolids Treatment and Handling.......................................................................................
2-2
BiosolidsDisposal...............................................................................................................
2-3
3.0 Biosolids Regulatory Review........................................................................................
3-1
Title 40 CFR, Part 503 Overview.........................................................................................
3-1
Kalispell's EPA Biosolids Permit..........................................................................................
3-9
RegulatoryAuthorities.........................................................................................................
3-9
4.0 Trends and Drivers for Biosolids Management Programs .............................................
4-1
RegulatoryIssues................................................................................................................4-1
Issues of Potential Concern.................................................................................................4-1
Technology Trend Considerations.......................................................................................
4-3
5.0 Basis of Planning..............................................................................................................
5-1
Recent Biosolids Loading and Populations Estimates.........................................................
5-1
Population and Biosolids Loading Projections.....................................................................
5-2
6.0 Biosolids Management Alternatives..............................................................................
6-1
Biosolids Management Using Unstable Sludge...................................................................
6-1
Biosolids Management Using Class B Sludge.....................................................................
6-5
Biosolids Management Using Class A or Class A Exceptional Quality Sludge .....................
6-8
Biosolids Market Summary................................................................................................
6-10
7.0 Screening of Biosolids Management Alternatives.........................................................
7-1
8.0 Biosolids Management Alternatives Evaluation............................................................
8-1
Alternative 1 — Landfill Disposal...........................................................................................
8-1
Alternative 2 — Agricultural Fertilization (Class B)................................................................
8-2
Alternative 3 — Composting (Class A)..................................................................................
8-3
Alternative 4 — Dried Pellets/Granules (Class A)..................................................................
8-5
Biosolids Management Strategy Comparison....................................................................
8-10
Biosolids Management Alternative Scoring........................................................................
8-14
9.0 Implementation of Recommended Alternative..............................................................
9-1
Recommended Improvements and Estimated Costs...........................................................
9-1
Kalispell AWWTP Biosolids Management Plan
List of Tables
Table 3-1
40 CFR Part 503 Pollutant Concentrations.............................................................
3-2
Table 3-2
Ceiling Concentrations and Cumulative Loading ....................................................
3-3
Table 3-3
Alternatives for Meeting Part 503 Class B Pathogen Requirements .......................
3-4
Table 3-4
Alternatives for Meeting Part 503 Class A Pathogen Requirements .......................
3-5
Table 3-5
Options for Meeting Vector Attraction Requirements ..............................................
3-6
Table 3-6
Site Restrictions for Class B Biosolids Application ..................................................
3-7
Table -5-1
Annual Biosolids Hauled 2011 - 2016...................................................................
5-1
Table -5-2
Recent Population and Biosolids Loading.............................................................
5-2
Table -5-3
Projected Populations and Biosolids Loading........................................................
5-2
Table 6-1
Projected Populations and Biosolids Loading.......................................................
6-10
Table 7-1
Screening Decision Matrix......................................................................................
7-2
Table 8-1
Alternative 1 Cost — Present Worth........................................................................
8-1
Table 8-2
Alternative 2 Cost — Present Worth........................................................................
8-2
Table 8-3
Alternative 3 Cost — Present Worth........................................................................
8-4
Table 8-4
Biosolids Dryer Costs.............................................................................................
8-5
Table 8-5
Alternative 4 Cost — Present Worth......................................................................
8-9
Table 8-6
Economic and Non -Economic Criteria..................................................................
8-10
Table 8-7
Biosolids Management Alternative Scoring..........................................................
8-10
Table 8-8
Long -Term Viability Score....................................................................................
8-11
Table 8-9
Technology Score................................................................................................
8-12
Table 8-10
Environmental Stewardship Score......................................................................
8-12
Table 8-11
Regional Considerations Score..........................................................................
8-13
Table 8-12
Implementation...................................................................................................
8-14
Table 8-13
Biosolids Management Alternative Scoring........................................................
8-15
Table 9-1
Phase 1 Design Criteria.........................................................................................
9-1
Table 9-2
Phase 1 Estimated Project Cost.............................................................................
9-2
Table 9-3
Phases 2, 3, and 4 Design Criteria.........................................................................
9-3
Table 9-4
Phases 2, 3, and 4 Estimated Project Cost............................................................
9-3
Kalispell AWWTP Biosolids Management Plan
List of Figures
Figure 2-1
Kalispell AWWTP Flow Diagram...........................................................................
2-1
Figure 2-2
Glacier Gold Facility..............................................................................................
2-4
Figure 2-3
Flathead County Landfill.......................................................................................
2-5
Figure 6-1
Minergy® GlassPack® Facility Schematic (1) and Photo of Zion, Illinois Facility (r)
(Courtesy of Minergy®)...........................................................................................................
6-2
Figure 6-2
Schematic of EnerTech SlurryCarbTM Process (Courtesy of EnerTech) ................
6-3
Figure 6-3
Types of Dedicated Surface Disposal, (Source: EPA, 1999; Figure 3-1) ...............
6-5
Figure 6-4
Photo of Biosolids Application on to Dryland Grain ...............................................
6-6
Figure 6-5
Photo of Biosolids Application onto Forests..........................................................
6-6
Figure 6-6
Before (1) and after (r) photos showing revegetation after biosolids application,
(courtesy of Northwest Biosolids Management Association)...................................................
6-7
Figure 6-7
Biosolids for Alternative Cover Amendment, (courtesy of Greater Vancouver
RegionalDistrict).....................................................................................................................
6-7
Figure 8-1
Drum Drying System.............................................................................................
8-6
Figure 8-2
Continuous Mix Drying System.............................................................................
8-7
Figure 8-3
Sludge Belt Drying System...................................................................................
8-8
Figure 8-4
Fenton Fenix Dryer...............................................................................................
8-9
Appendices
APPENDIX A GLACIER GOLD AGREEMENT
APPENDIX B EPA PART 503 BIOSOLIDS RULE
APPENDIX C EPA BIOSOLIDS GENERAL PERMIT MTG-650000
APPENDIX D COST ESTIMATES
Kalispell AWWTP Biosolids Management Plan
1.0 Introduction
Background
The city of Kalispell, Montana (City) operates an award winning Advanced Wastewater
Treatment Plant (AWWTP) for treatment of wastewater prior to discharge to Ashley Creek. As is
common with most wastewater treatment plants there is a separation between the liquid stream
processes and solids stream processes. As defined by the United States Environmental
Protection Agency (EPA) "biosolids are treated sewage sludge. Biosolids are carefully treated
and monitored and must be used in accordance with regulatory requirements."
A detailed description of current biosolids treatment processes is included in Section 2.0.
The AWWTP sludge may or may not be treated to Class B biosolids, as defined by EPA, due to
the fact that the waste activated sludge is not digested. A standard oxygen uptake rate (SOUR)
test has not been completed to confirm whether or not the biosolids meet the Class B
requirements Historically this has not been a problem since the sludge is being hauled to a
local composting facility or the county landfill.
The City is approaching the contractual capacity at the composting facility and wanted to
evaluate options for biosolids disposal. Additionally, a formal contract with Flathead County for
disposal at the landfill does not exist which creates a precarious situation for the City since
landfill management has the legal right to decline acceptance of the City's biosolids.
1�urposc
The purpose of this report is to provide recommendations for alternative biosolids management
methods based on evaluation criteria developed in conjunction with the City. The methods
presented meet EPA and Montana Department of Environmental Quality (MDEQ) regulatory
requirements for biosolids use and disposal. The purpose of this study will be to:
• Summarize biosolids regulations
• Identify trends and drivers for biosolids management
• Identify biosolids management alternatives
• Develop biosolids management strategies
• Provide biosolids management strategy recommendations
Kalispell AWWTP Biosolids Management Plan
2.0 Existing Treatment Plant Processes
Liquid Stream Processes Overview
The Kalispell AWWTP provides biological nutrient removal utilizing the Modified Johannesburg
Process. A flow diagram of the Kalispell AWWTP is shown in Figure 2-1. Liquid stream
treatment processes include:
• Influent screening and grit removal
• Primary clarification
• Biological nutrient removal
• Secondary clarification
• Effluent sand filtration
• Ultraviolet (UV) disinfection
• Effluent re -aeration
Figure 2-1 Kalispell AWWTP Flow Diagram
2-1
Kalispell AWWTP Biosolids Management Plan
Biosolids Treatment and Handling
Fermentation and Digestion
The biosolids treatment process starts with pumping primary sludge from the primary clarifiers
to a single -stage fermenter. Three, variable frequency drive (VFD) controlled rotary lobe pumps
are used for primary sludge conveyance. Normal operation for the primary sludge pumps is
based on a timer or constant flow set point. Sludge retention time in the fermenter averages
approximately four days.
Fermenter sludge is digested in a two stage, high rate anaerobic system. An air operated
diaphragm pump conveys fermenter sludge to a single primary anaerobic digester having a
fixed concrete cover. The fermenter sludge pump runs continuously but the stroke rate is
adjusted seasonally. Previous plant operations involved mixing waste activated sludge (WAS)
with fermenter sludge prior to digestion but that operation resulted in phosphorous release in the
filtrate which is conveyed to the headworks. To mitigate the return phosphorous load in plant
influent, WAS is no longer digested prior to dewatering. The primary digester also receives
primary scum, secondary scum, and fermenter scum. Primary digester contents are heated by
one of two hot water boilers and a heat exchanger. The primary digester is operated in the
mesophilic range. The average operating temperature has been 97-100 degrees Fahrenheit in
recent years. A top entry mixer operates continuously in the primary digester to keep the
contents of the digester homogenous.
Digested sludge flows by gravity from the primary digester to one of two secondary digesters. A
digested sludge transfer pump can be used to transfer digester contents between any of the
three digesters. The secondary digesters are used for solids -liquid separation prior to
dewatering. Therefore, the secondary digesters are not heated but do have recirculation pumps
and floating steel covers. A variable speed, positive displacement pump is used to convey
digested sludge to the Sludge Handling room of the Process Building for dewatering.
Biogas is collected from the primary and secondary digesters and used as an energy source for
the main boilers or the biogas is flared. Natural gas is also available as a backup energy source
for the boilers.
WAS Thickening
The dissolved air flotation thickening (DAFT) system includes two, 200 ftz units located in the
Sludge Handling room of the Process Building. The DAFT units receive WAS from the
secondary clarifiers via the RAS line. A dedicated DAFT polymer system is utilized to dose
polymer to the sludge feed line to the DAFT units. Two DAFT float pumps (one duty, one
standby) transfer thickened WAS to the dewatering equipment. The DAFT float pumps are
positive displacement pumps and are operated through a VFD. The subnatant is pumped from
the bottom of the DAFT units back to the bioreactors by the DAFT filtrate pumps. Typical DAFT
float concentration is 2.2 percent solids.
The DAFT float pumps can also convey thickened WAS to the Thickened WAS Storage Tank.
The tank is aerated to provide mixing and ensure tank contents do not go anaerobic, preventing
phosphorous release. Two Thickened WAS pumps (one duty, one standby) pump thickened
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Kalispell AWWTP Biosolids Management Plan
WAS from the storage tank back to dewatering equipment. The Thickened WAS pumps are
rotary lobe pumps controlled by VFDs.
Biosolids Dewatering
Two different technologies are used for biosolids dewatering at the Kalispell AWWTP, a belt
filter press and a volute screw press. The 2-meter wide belt filter press is operated occasionally
for solids and foam balance and is currently not used for day-to-day dewatering.. Sludge feed
consists of approximately 35 gpm of thickened WAS and 30 gpm of anaerobically digested
sludge. A dry polymer, T-Flock 2621, is purchased from Thatcher Chemical in Missoula for use
with the belt filter press. Polymer is introduced upstream of an in -line static mixer to improve
flocculation and biosolids dewaterability. The belt filter press generates cake with approximately
14% solids concentration. Polymer usage has averaged 14 pounds per dry ton of solids.
The volute screw press, which is similar to a screw press, operates 12 hours per day, 7 days
per week. The volute press is primarily used to dewater RAS. The sludge feed to the volute
press is approximately 70 gpm of RAS having a 0.7% solids concentration. The volute screw
press is a three drum press. A cationic emulsion polymer, BASF Zetag 8848, is currently used
with the volute press. Typical dewatered biosolids concentrations average 13-14%. Polymer
usage has averaged 22 active pounds of polymer per dry ton of solids.
Dewatered biosolids from the belt filter press and volute press discharge to a common conveyor
which has a maximum speed of 22 feet per minute.
Biosolids Disposal
The City has a dual approach for dewatered biosolids disposal. A local composting facility called
Glacier Gold LLC is the primary disposal site. The second biosolids disposal site is the Flathead
County landfill. The City has three dump trucks that are used for hauling dewatered biosolids.
Each truck has a capacity of 20 cubic yards.
Glacier Gold Composting Facility
Since 1993 the City has hauled dewatered biosolids approximately 35 miles to Glacier Gold
composting facility located at 255 Good Creek Road in Olney, Montana. (Figure 2-2) The round
trip travel time for an operator is approximately two hours. The City delivers dewatered biosolids
to the Glacier Gold facility 5 — 7 times per week.
The 5-year agreement (Appendix A) with the facility will expire on March 31, 2019 and can be
extended for an additional 5 years with consent by both parties. According to the agreement, the
annual delivery amount shall not exceed 600 dry tons of dewatered biosolids in a calendar year
and has a charge of $238 per dry ton. The City provides Glacier Gold with percent solids
concentration with each delivery load and the following sludge constituents quarterly:
• Total kjeldahl nitrogen (TKN)
• Total phosphorous
• Ammonia
• Nitrate
• Routine heavy metals
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Kalispell AWWTP Biosolids Management Plan
The contracted amount of biosolids that can be delivered is determined by the capacity of the
equipment at the composting facility and, therefore, cannot be increased. In the past five years,
the annual amount of biosolids hauled to Glacier Gold has averaged approximately 503 dry
tons. The agreement with Glacier Gold also states the dewatered biosolids delivered to the
facility shall be between 13-20% solids concentration; the City's historical average has been 14-
15% solids concentration.
Figure 2-2 Glacier Gold Facility
Glacier Gold LLC is licensed by the MDEQ Solid Waste Management Section as a composter
operation under License No. 342. The facility is considered a Class II, Major Compost Facility as
it receives biosolids for processing. Glacier Gold produces a Class A product for public use.
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Kalispell AWWTP Biosolids Management Plan
Flathead County Landfill
As the City approached the annual delivery limit at Glacier Gold, a second biosolids disposal
option was included as an approved site. In April 2004, the City began hauling dewatered
biosolids to the Flathead County landfill located approximately 10 miles from the AWWTP at
4098 US Hwy 93 North in Kalispell, MT(Figure 2-3) The dewatered biosolids are incorporated
with refuse at the landfill and covered within 24 hours. Recent deliveries to the landfill have
consisted of one load per week averaging 2.1 dry tons per week. Tipping fees at the landfill are
$31.05 per wet ton. A formal contract with the Flathead County for dewatered biosolids disposal
at the landfill does not exist and disposal site access can be difficult depending on seasonal
weather.
The landfill has approximately 275 acres of land permitted for waste management. The Flathead
County Solid Waste District is licensed by the MDEQ Solid Waste Management Section under
License No. 18.
Figure 2-3 Flathead County Landfill
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Kalispell AWWTP Biosolids Management Plan
3.0 Biosolids Regulatory Review
Title 40 CFR, Part 503 Overview
In response to the Clean Water Act Amendments of 1987, the EPA published Title 40 of the
Code of Federal Regulations (CFR), Part 503 Standards for the Use or Disposal of Sewage
Sludge on February 19, 1993. The sewage sludge/biosolids standards, commonly referred to as
Part 503 Rule or Part 503, became effective on March 22, 1993.The Part 503 Rule is a
complex, risk based assessment of potential environmental effects of pollutants that may be
present in biosolids. The EPA subsequently published A Plain English Guide to the EPA Part
503 Biosolids Rule (Appendix B) in September 1994 to help end users interpret and implement
the rule.
The Part 503 Rule regulates pollutant and pathogen concentrations as well as vector attraction
reduction (VAR). The guideline defines biosolids as Class A or Class B, depending on the
potential level of pathogens. Class A biosolids must meet strict pathogen standards and can be
used with no restrictions, while Class B biosolids can meet less stringent pathogen
requirements, with application restricted to crops with limited human and animal exposure.
Biosolids in both classes must meet VAR requirements.
Application of the Rule
As defined in 40 CFR 503.1(b)(1), the Part 503 Rule "applies to any person who prepares
sewage sludge, applies sewage sludge to the land, or fires sewage sludge in a sewage sludge
incinerator and to the owner/operator of a surface disposal site." Furthermore, a person is
defined as an individual, association, partnership, corporation, municipality, State or Federal
agency, or an agent of employee thereof. A preparer is a person who generates or derives a
material from biosolids (i.e., change the quality of biosolids). (Plain English guide).
The Part 503 Rule applies to biosolids applied to agricultural and non-agricultural land, biosolids
placed in or on surface disposal sites, and biosolids that are incinerated. Biosolids that are
landfilled or used as a cover material at a landfill are subject to federal requirements in 40 CFR
Part 258. The general provisions of the Part 503 Rule provide basic requirements for biosolids
applied to land including pollutant limits, management practices, operational standards and
monitoring, record keeping and reporting.
Pollutant Limits
A pollutant is defined in the 40 CFR 503.9 as:
"...an organic substance, an inorganic substance, a combination of organic and
inorganic substances, or a pathogenic organism that, after discharge and upon
exposure, ingestion, inhalation, or assimilation into an organism either directly from the
environment or indirectly by ingestion through the food chain, could, on the basis of
information available to the Administrator of EPA, cause death, disease, behavioral
abnormalities, cancer, genetic mutations, physiological malfunctions (including
malfunction in reproduction), or physical deformations in either organisms or offspring of
the organisms."
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Kalispell AWWTP Biosolids Management Plan
As it relates to the Part 503 Rule, pollutants are generally metals. Two approaches to meeting
the Part 503 pollutant limits are allowed:
1. A maximum concentration in the biosolids must be met, or
2. A maximum cumulative amount of metals added to the soil from biosolids application
must be met.
Biosolids meeting the Part 503 requirements by the first method are called pollutant
concentration (PC) biosolids and limits are shown inTable 3-1 . If biosolids metals meet these
concentrations, no record keeping of cumulative loading to soils is required for land application.
If PC biosolids also meet Class A pathogen reduction standards, they are considered
exceptional quality (EQ), and may be distributed to the general public, although some common
sense restrictions should be applied because of public perception issues.
Table 3-1 40 CFR Part 503 Pollutant Concentrations
Arsenic (As)
41
Cadmium (Cd)
39
Copper (Cu)
1,500
Lead (Pb)
300
Mercury (Hg)
17
Nickel (Ni)
420
Selenium (Se)
100
Zinc (Zn)
2,800
Source: Table 3 of 40 CFR 503.13
1. Dry weight basis
Biosolids meeting the metals limits of the Part 503 regulations by the second method are called
cumulative pollutant loading rate (CPLR) biosolids. Column two of Table 3-2 shows the
maximum allowable metals concentrations in any biosolids applied to land. Columns three and
four of Table 3-2 show the maximum allowable cumulative loading rates of metals applied to
land.
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Kalispell AWWTP Biosolids Management Plan
Table 3-2 Ceiling Concentrations and Cumulative Loading
Arsenic (As)
75
41
36.6
Cadmium (Cd)
85
39
34.8
Copper (Cu)
4,300
1,500
1,338
Lead (Pb)
840
300
268
Mercury (Hg)
57
17
15.2
Molybdenum (Mo)2
75
N/A
N/A
Nickel (Ni)
420
420
375
Selenium (Se)
100
100
89.2
Zinc (Zn)
7,500
2,800
2,499
Source: Tables 1 and 2 of 40 CFR 503.13
1. Dry weight basis
2. No cumulative limit for molybdenum
3. CPLR = Cumulative Pollutant Loading Rate
POLLUTANT LIMIT COMPLIANCE
Technologies to produce Class A and Class B biosolids generally do not decrease
concentrations of metals in biosolids, unless other material is mixed with the biosolids such as
amendment material for composting.
An effective industrial pretreatment program is the key to complying with Part 503 metals limits,
as industrial inputs into the collection system are the primary source of metals. EPA is currently
considering whether other compounds should be regulated in biosolids.
Pathogen Reduction Alternatives
Pathogenic organisms are defined in 40 CFR 503.31 as "disease -causing organisms. These
include, but are not limited to, certain bacteria, protozoa, viruses, and viable helminth ova." As
mentioned previously, two classes of biosolids are defined by EPA that can be land applied,
Class A and Class B. Class A biosolids have stringent limits for pathogens and can be used
without any additional public contact restrictions. Class B biosolids may have low levels of
pathogens and restrictions are imposed on public access and crop harvesting after land
application. Those restrictions are described in the following sections. Class B biosolids are
discussed first as they are more commonly produced.
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Kalispell AWWTP Biosolids Management Plan
CLASS B BIOSOLIDS
Class B biosolids are the predominant class of biosolids produced in the US (USEPA, 1999;
NEBRA, 2007). Common treatment technologies, such as aerobic and anaerobic digestion, are
used at many municipal wastewater treatment plants to inactivate the vast majority of potential
pathogens in biosolids. However, the biosolids are not considered "pathogen -free," and EPA
requires that specific management practices be employed to protect the public. Class B
biosolids must also meet the same vector attraction reduction requirements as Class A
biosolids.
Class B biosolids must meet one of several pathogen destruction alternatives included in Table
3-3.
Table 3-3 Alternatives for Meeting Part 503 Class B Pathogen Requirements
Alternativ Description
Alternative 1 Meet monitoring requirements for fecal coliform (geometric
mean fecal coliform density must be less than 2 million coliform
forming units (CFU) or most probable number (MPN) per gram
of biosolids)
Alternative 2 Employ a Process to Significantly Reduce Pathogens (PSRP)
Alternative 3 Employ a process equivalent to a PSRP
PSRPs include the following:
• Anaerobic digestion between 15 days at 350C (95°F) to 60 days at 200C (68°F)
• Aerobic digestion between 40 days at 200C (68°F) to 60 days at 150C (590F).
• Air drying for at least 3 months.
• Composting
o Temperature of the sludge must be 400C (104°F) or higher for at least five days.
For four hours of that period the temperature must be 550C (131 OF) or higher.
• Lime stabilization
o pH of the sludge must be raised to 12 for at least two hours and must remain
above 11.5 for 24 hours.
Alternative 3 for Class B biosolids requires approval of the EPA or state regulatory agency. The
regulating authority makes the decision on whether or not a process should be considered as
equivalent to a PSRP. Both equivalent processes and PSRPs must meet specified pathogen
requirements, as well.
CLASS A BIOSOLIDS
Class A pathogen reduction requirements include fecal coliforms of less than 1,000 MPN per
gram Total Solids (TS) of biosolids or Salmonella of less than 3 MPN per 4 grams TS.
Alternatives for meeting Class A pathogen requirements are shown in Table 3-4.
Alternative 1, thermal treatment, means a specific time -temperature requirement must be met
as specified by the Part 503 Rule regulations. All biosolids particles processed using this
alternative must be subjected to the EPA specified time -temperature regime, which means that
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Kalispell AWWTP Biosolids Management Plan
batch or plug flow processing must be employed. Continuous flow processes with a detention
time on, or above, the time -temperature curve are not acceptable.
Table 3-4 Alternatives for Meeting Part 503 Class A Pathogen Requirements
Alternative
Alternative 1 Thermally treated, i.e., biosolids must meet specific time -
temperature requirements depending on solids concentration.
Alternative 2 High pH -high temperature, e.g., lime stabilization followed by air
drying.
Alternative 3 Other Processes. Sampling is required.
Alternative 4 Unknown Processes. Sampling is required.
Alternative 5 Process to Further Reduce Pathogens (PFRP)
Alternative 6 Process equivalent to PFRP. Requires approval of EPA's Pathogen
Equivalency Committee.
Alternative 2, the high pH -high temperature process, is defined as the biosolids having the
following three conditions:
• A pH of greater than 12 for at least 72 hours,
• Retaining the temperature of the biosolids above 52°C for at least 12 hours while the pH
is above 12, and
• Air drying to over 50 percent solids after the 72-hour period of elevated pH
Class A biosolids requirements for Alternatives 3 and 4 (see Table 3-4) rely on enteric virus and
helminth ova testing, which can be expensive and time-consuming, typically four weeks for
helminth ova testing and two weeks or longer for enteric viruses. There are also a limited
number of accredited laboratories capable of performing these analyses. Washington State
eliminated the availability of Alternatives 3 and 4 in the 2007 update to the state biosolids rule,
Chapter 173-308 WAC.
Processes to Further Reduce Pathogens (PFRPs) to produce Class A biosolids include
composting, heat drying, heat treatment, thermophilic aerobic digestion (also known as
autothermal thermophilic aerobic digestion or ATAD), beta ray irradiation, gamma ray
irradiation, and pasteurization. New processes not specified by the EPA can be considered
equivalent to a PFRP. The permitting authority, generally the Pathogen Equivalency Committee
(PEC) of the EPA, is responsible for determining if a process is equivalent.
Although the State of Montana still allows the use of Alternative 3 and 4, the EPA is considering
eliminating their use to achieve Class A. Many states have already eliminated the testing to
achieve Class A. The PEC is notoriously slow in considering new PFRP Equivalency and
budget cuts to the EPA only increases the likelihood that new processes would not be
approved.
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Kalispell AWWTP Biosolids Management Plan FN
Vector Attraction Reduction
Vectors, such as rodents and insects, are attracted to putrescible organic matter and can
facilitate disease transmission by transmitting pathogens to humans. Federal biosolids
regulations require that certain standards be met to reduce how much vectors are attracted to
biosolids. Vector attraction reduction (VAR) requirements for Class A biosolids are the same as
for Class B requirements.
The EPA outlines 12 options in the Part 503 Rule for meeting the VAR requirements (Table
3-5). Option 1 through 8 and Option 12 are designed to reduce the attractiveness of biosolids to
vectors. Options 9 through 11 prevent direct contact between vectors and biosolids. In general,
pathogen reduction must be achieved prior to, or at the same time, as vector attraction
reduction for biosolids to be considered Class A. Problems with pathogen regrowth led EPA to
include this provision.
Table 3-5 Options for Meeting Vector Attraction Requirements
Option 1
Meet 38 percent reduction in volatile solids content.'
Option 2
Demonstrate vector attraction reduction with additional anaerobic
digestion in a bench -scale unit.
Option 3
Demonstrate vector attraction reduction with additional aerobic
digestion in a bench -scale unit.
Option 4
Meet a specific oxygen uptake rate (SOUR) for aerobically digested
biosolids.
Option 5
Use aerobic processes at greater than 40C for 14 days or longer.
Option 6
Alkali addition under specified conditions.
Option 7
Dry biosolids with no unstabilized solids to at least 75 percent solids.
Option 8
Dry biosolids with unstabilized solids to at least 90 percent solids.
Option 9
Inject biosolids beneath the soil surface.
Option 10
Incorporate biosolids into the soil within 6 hours of application to or
placement on the land.
Option 11
Cover biosolids placed on a surface disposal site with soil or other
material at the end of each operating day. (Note: Only for surface
disposal.)
Option 12
Alkaline treatment of domestic septage to pH 12 or above for 30
minutes without adding more alkaline material.
Source: 40 CFR
503.33
1. Meeting the 38 percent VS destruction criteria is commonly achieved during anaerobic
digestion due to the high efficiency of the process.
Kalispell AWWTP Biosolids Management Plan
Biosolids Management Practices
A number of management practices are required by the Part 503 regulations and apply to bulk
(large quantities) land application of both Class A and Class B biosolids.
GENERAL
General management practices required for land application include providing buffer zones
around wells, surface water, and property boundaries; not causing any adverse impact to
threatened or endangered species; and not applying biosolids to flooded, frozen, or snow
covered land.
Biosolids management, depending on the treatment process and the quality of the final product,
can generate revenue in some cases. However, Class A solids treatment technologies generally
require increased capital and operations and maintenance (O&M) costs for processing.
Producing Class A biosolids can reduce costs associated with acquiring new land application
sites compared to the land application of Class B biosolids.
Management practices are required to limit public and animal contact after Class B biosolids are
applied and to allow natural processes to further inactivate potential pathogens. The
management practices for Class B biosolids are in addition to the general management
requirements specified in Subpart A of the Part 503 regulations and are summarized in Table
3-6.
Table 3-6 Site Restrictions for Class B Biosolids Application
kand/Crop CharacteristicJOIL egulatory Criteria (State and Federal)
Land with a high potential for public exposure
Land with a low potential for public exposure
Food crops, feed crops or fiber crops
Food crops with harvested parts that touch the
biosolids/soil mixture and are totally above the land
surface (e.g.,melons, cucumbers)
Food crops with harvested parts below the land
surface (e.g., root crops such as potatoes, carrots,
radishes)
Animal grazing on a site
Public access restricted for 1 year after
biosolids application
Public access restricted for 30 days after
biosolids application
Not harvested for 30 days after biosolids
application
Not harvested for 14 months after biosolids
application
Not harvested for 20 months after biosolids
application
Restricted for 30 days after biosolids application
Turf placed on land with high potential for public Restricted for 1 year after biosolids application
exposure or a lawn unless otherwise specified by the
permitting authority
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Kalispell AWWTP Biosolids Management Plan
AGRONOMIC APPLICATION RATES
Another key general management requirement is that biosolids be applied at an agronomic rate.
Nitrogen application (dry weight basis) must not exceed that needed by a crop or vegetation. As
defined in 40 CFR 503:
"Agronomic rate is the whole sludge application rate (dry weight basis) designed:
• To provide the amount of nitrogen needed by the food crop, feed crop, fiber crop, cover
crop, or vegetation grown on land; and
• To minimize the amount of nitrogen in the sewage sludge that passes between the root
zone of the crop or vegetation grown on the land to the groundwater."
Excess nitrogen applied to land could result in nitrate contamination of groundwater. The
agronomic rate must be determined by considering total and available nitrogen in the biosolids
and the expected yield of the crop or vegetation.
Monitoring
Microbiological monitoring for either fecal coliforms or Salmonella is required for all biosolids.
For Class A biosolids, each sample analyzed must meet the requirements, not just the average
of several samples. Requirements must be met at the time of use or disposal, at the time the
biosolids are prepared for sale or give away in a bag or other container for land application, or at
the time the biosolids or material derived from the biosolids (e.g. compost) is prepared to meet
the requirements in Part 503.
Monitoring requirements vary by the size of the wastewater utility and the method of sludge
processing. Table 3-5 summarizes the required frequency of monitoring for all biosolids under
Part 503, which depends on the quantity produced by a utility in a given year.
Table 3-5 Frequency of Monitoring Required by Part 503 Regulations
Once per year 0-290
Once per quarter 290-1,500
Once per 60 days 1,500-15,000
Once per month 15,000 or greater
Reprint of Table 3-4 from USEPA, 2003 1 metric ton = 1.1 English tons
0-320
320-1,654
1,654-16,540
16,540 or greater
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Kalispell AWWTP Biosolids Management Plan
Kalispell's t DA Biosolids Permit
A permit is required by the Part 503 Rule for a person who owns or operates a treatment works
treating domestic sewage. Biosolids disposal from the Kalispell AWWTP is regulated under the
EPA biosolids general permit MTG-650000 (Appendix C). The City's permit MTG-650010 will
expire on May 12, 2018 and authorizes the City for Subcategories 2.a and 2.b as defined by
EPA below.
Category 2. Facilities/operations that use/dispose of sewage sludge and may also generate
and/or treat sewage sludge.
Subcategory 2.a. Facilities/operations that land apply sewage sludge and may also
generate and/or treat sewage sludge.
Subcategory 2.b. Facilities/operations that landfill sewage sludge and may also
generate and/or treat sewage sludge.
The City's authorization under Subcategory 2.a allows for the disposal of digested sludge on a
40 acre site located south of Kalispell off Cemetery Road. The property was acquired by the
City in conjunction with the EPA in the 1970s. The EPA owns 75% of the property and regulates
the land use management practices. The disposal site is used approximately every 5 years for
land applying digester contents when the digesters are emptied and cleaned. AWWTP
operators till the sludge into the soil within six hours of application.
It was reported by the City of Kalispell that the EPA will no longer be issuing biosolids permits
after the May 12, 2018 expiration date.
Regulatory Authorities
There is currently no EPA Region 8 Biosolids Coordinator according to the EPA website
https://www.epa.gov/biosolids/forms/contact-us-about-biosolids. The biosolids state
coordinators for Montana are Tom Reid and Rick Thompson of the MDEQ.
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Kalispell AWWTP Biosolids Management Plan
4.0 Trends and Drivers for Biosolids Management
Programs
Regulatory Issues
In spite of the nearly unblemished experience with biosolids land application programs,
nationally and internationally, there continues to be pressures to question the long-term safety
of this practice, both to the environment and to human health. It is known that biosolids can
contain numerous substances with the potential to be harmful, and there is ongoing debate on
the relative risks.
The National Academy of Sciences (NAS) completed an assessment of the science that
supports the Part 503 Rule in 2002, and concluded that there is no evidence that current
biosolids management practices under existing regulations are not safe, but that more research
is required to update the science behind the regulations (NRC, 2002). NAS concerns included
the synergistic effects of chemical pollutants and pathogens, and other pathogens and chemical
pollutants not considered in the risk assessment of the Part 503 Rule.
EPA is currently reviewing the Part 503 regulations and is expected to issue an updated version
in the near future. EPA is performing a sewage sludge survey to assess a variety of compounds
that are not currently regulated under the Part 503 rule. It is possible that additional compounds
may be regulated under the new biosolids rule.
Issues of Potential Concern
Pathogen Re -growth and Reactivation
Recent research by the Water Environment Research Foundation (WERF) has shown that fecal
coliform, the indicator organism commonly used for pathogens, sometimes reactivates and/or
re -grows after mechanical dewatering of solids. This has occurred with a variety of anaerobic
digestion processes, both Class B and Class A. Research is ongoing to further understand the
mechanisms and causes of this phenomenon. Research to date has shown that high solids
centrifuges have the greatest potential to reactivate/re-grow fecal coliform. This research could
ultimately lead to changes in the regulatory requirements.
Pathogen content in compost and compost like products are of concern in a number of parts of
the country. Local Enforcement Agencies (LEA) and other regulatory agencies are being forced
to require additional monitoring and provide additional scrutiny at sites. This not only adds cost
to the overall management of the biosolids, but also potentially opens the facility to negative
public reactions and third party law suits.
Microconstituents of Concern
The presence of trace organic chemicals (TOrCs) in municipal biosolids in the U.S. has received
considerable attention by the public and scientific community over the last several years. Of
particular concern is whether the presence of TOrCs in biosolids results in significant risks to
public health and the environment upon land application. While the EPA has evaluated the risks
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Kalispell AWWTP Biosolids Management Plan
associated with dioxins present in biosolids-amended soils, to date, no other TOrCs, particularly
those of emerging concern, have been subjected to complete risk assessments. However, there
are a growing number of studies being published every year that addresses the occurrence,
mobility, persistence, bioaccumulation, toxicity, and microbial impacts of biosolids-borne TOrCs
in soils. As more scientific data becomes available on this subject it is likely that EPA will start
regulating TOrCs that poses clear ecological and human health risk.
Recent studies have found that some TOrCs can leach from fields, particularly when the applied
biosolids are not dewatered. Specifically, steroid hormones have recently been shown to have
the potential for runoff after heavy rainfall. However, other TOrCs (e.g., polybrominated diphenyl
ethers, synthetic musks, and some steroidal chemicals) were shown to have low leaching
potential.
The persistence of biosolids-borne TOrCs in soils is a result of many processes, but
biodegradation is generally considered the dominant process for biodegradation. Environmental
factors such as pH, moisture content, metal cations, temperature, and bacterial cell
concentration all can affect biodegradation rates. Biodegradation rates of steroidal chemicals
are favorably impacted by the presence of biosolids, increased temperatures, and adequate (but
not excessive) water content in soils. Unfortunately, degradation data for many TOrCs are not
yet available for soils and biosolids-amended soils.
Bioaccumulation of some of the TOrCs has been documented, but few studies examined
bioaccumulation and bioavailability specifically in biosolids-amended soils. Some TOrCs
(tetracycline antibiotics, antimicrobials, fluoroquinolones, and synthetic musks, brominated
flame retardants) can accumulate in a variety of plants including grass, green onions, cabbage,
corn, alfalfa, lettuce, radish, zucchini, and carrots. Studies have shown that bioaccumulation of
TOrCs in animals, particularly invertebrates such as earthworms, is also possible.
Several studies have indicated that many of the TOrCs found in biosolids can be significantly
reduced in concentration if the biosolids are being treated by a combined anaerobic and aerobic
digestion process. It is also likely that many TOrCs will be degraded during aerobic production
of Class A biosolids created from composting.
Selected List of High Priority Trace Organic Chemicals Present in Biosolids
• Brominated Flame Retardants
• Perflourochemicals (PFCs) - Surface Coatings
• Pharmaceuticals and Personal Care Products (PPCPs)
o Antimicrobials
o Antibiotics
o Musks
• Plasticizers - Bisphenol A (BPA)
• Steroidal Chemicals -Natural and Synthetic hormones
• Surfactants
• Nanoparticles - anti bacterial/antifungal agents
4-2
Kalispell AWWTP Biosolids Management Plan
The future will likely bring both substantial challenges to, and attractive opportunities for,
biosolids management. A continuation of substantial existing pressures, along with the
emergence of new ones, presents serious challenges to biosolids management likely resulting
in the loss, severe restriction, and/or increased cost of management options. This includes the
persistence of public perception concerns substantially driven by odor, in combination with more
emergent public health concerns (such as microconstituents), as well as the emergence of new
regulatory actions such as the Sewage Sludge Incineration (SSI) rule and managing the
phosphorus component of biosolids consistent with agronomic rates. However, substantial
opportunities also exist for new and expanded biosolids management. The opportunity is largely
tied to the repositioning of biosolids as a community resource too valuable to waste in the
context of renewable energy needs, urban sustainability interests, population growth, soil
depletion, and technology improvements. These important and substantial societal trends can
equate to a compelling opportunity to reposition the biosolids management and product
discussions to overcome entrenched negative positions and perceptions and recognize
biosolids as a resource too valuable to waste.
Public Perception
Political divisions and conflicts have emerged over the management of biosolids around the US,
particularly in California, Virginia, and Pennsylvania. Local ordinances have been passed
banning either Class B or all biosolids land application. More organized opposition to current
biosolids management practices is compelling utilities to apply biosolids in more remote areas
or process solids more extensively in order to manage biosolids in alternative ways.
Public perception effectively shut down a decade long "Compost Outreach" program for the City
of San Francisco last year. The Center for Food Safety petitioned the Mayor of San Francisco
and made some claims to the community garden members who had been using the compost
whereby the Mayor had to halt the practice.
Technology Trend Considerations
Looking into the future, trends in Europe sometimes portend the future direction of domestic
programs. In Europe, public perception related to risks of biosolids land application has resulted
in greater focus on energy recovery/combustion technologies such as incineration, cement kilns,
and gasification.
Recently, however, here in the U.S., the USEPA under the Clean Air Act designated Sewage
Sludge as a "Solid Waste". This, plus litigation from environmental groups, forced the Sewage
Sludge Incinerator (SSI) Rule to change the monitoring and emission control Maximum
Achievable Control Technology (MACT) standards from Rule 112 Standards to Rule 129
Standards. Rule 129 Standards are considerably more stringent. This led to a series of
meetings, letter writing campaigns and ultimately a lowering of some of the emission limits and
lessening of some of the monitoring whereby facilities with SSIs can achieve compliance. The
regulations will lead to modifications in most cases and it will be expensive but they will be able
to continue to operate. Because some of these SSI facilities still do not consider these rule
changes to be reasonable or appropriate; NACWA is initiating litigation.
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Kalispell AWWTP Biosolids Management Plan
The interpretation of these rule changes is also causing some significant concern from the
Wastewater Community. First, even though not intended by USEPA, the rule could apply to all
combustion of sewage sludge, biosolids and biosolids products which, if enforced, could bring
all use of digester gas under new rules and standards. Second, if sludges and biosolids are a
solid waste should they be land applied from a public perception point of view.
4-4
Kalispell AWWTP Biosolids Management Plan
5.0 Basis of Planning
Recent Biosolids Loading and Populations Estimates
The annual biosolids hauled to the Glacier Gold Composting Facility and the Flathead County
Landfill from 2011 through 2016 is summarized in Table -5-1. The annual tipping fees and
number of trips to Glacier Gold for this period averaged $118,000 and 235, respectively. The
annual tipping fees and number of trips to the landfill for this period averaged $23,300 and 52,
respectively. As stated previously, the average solids concentration for dewatered biosolids has
been 14-15%.
Table -5-1 Annual Biosolids Hauled 2011 - 2016
2011
490.33
113.05
603.38
2012
494.50 '
114.50
609.01
'
2013
510.05
98.56
608.61
2014
533.26
119.43
652.69
2015
485.94
124.07
610.01
2016
509.55
96.26
605.81
2017
525.99
81.76
607.75
Average
507.09
106.80
613.89
An estimate of recent populations served by the AWWTP are presented in Table -5-2. The
community of Evergreen is served by the AWWTP under an agreement with the City. Flows
from Evergreen are capped at 782,000 gallons per day, equivalent to a population of
approximately 11,671. An annual average of biosolids per capita is calculated based on total
amount of biosolids hauled divided by the total population served. Substantial industry loading
and flows from Kalispell and Evergreen do not exist; therefore this approach for calculating
biosolids loading is considered appropriate.
5-1
Kalispell AWWTP Biosolids Management Plan FN
Table -5-2 Recent Population and Biosolids Loading
2010 19,927 2
2011 1.0% 1 20,126 001
5,033
25,160
47.96
2012 1.5% 20,428
5,084
25,513
47.74
2013 1.5% 20,735
5,162
25,896
47.00
2014 1.5% 21,046
5,240
26,286
49.66
2015 2.0% 21,467
5,3203
26,787
45.55
2016 2.0% 21,896
5,4774
27,373
44.26
Average
47.03
1. Total annual biosolids hauled (from Table -5-1)
_ Total AWWTP Population
Served
2. 2010 U.S. Census
3. Calculated by multiplying 1,896 connected services by 2.806 persons/ERU.
4. Calculated by multiplying 1,952 connected services by 2.806 persons/ERU.
Population and Biosolids Loading Projections
According to the Kalispell Planning Department, the City is planning for an annual population
growth rate of 2%. The Evergreen population is assumed to grow at the same rate as the
Kalispell population, which is conservative. The average biosolids unit loading of 47.03 dry
pounds per capita from Table -5-2 is used with the projected populations to estimate the future
annual biosolids loading summarized in Table -5-3.
A design horizon of 20 years is used in this planning effort, so an estimated total annual
biosolids loading of 975.60 dry tons and biosolids volume of 29.64 cubic yards per day (cy/d)
will be used when evaluating biosolids management alternatives.
Table -5-3 Projected Populations and Biosolids Loading
2017 22,334 5,587 27,921 656.55
2.53
19.95
2022 24,658 6,168 30,827 724.88
2.79
22.02
2027 27,225 6,810 34,035 800.33
3.08
24.32
2032 30,058 7,519 37,577 883.63
3.40
26.85
2037 33,187 8,302 41,489 975.60
3.75
29.64
(design)
1. Calculated by multiplying Total AWWTP Population Served by 47.03 dry pounds per capita.
2. Calculated based on dewatering operations occurring five days per week.
3. Calculated assuming a solids concentration of 15% and a density of 1,000 kg/m3.
5-2
Kalispell AWWTP Biosolids Management Plan
6.0 Biosolids Management Alternatives
Many alternatives for solids processing and beneficial use or disposal are available for biosolids
management. General management options for biosolids products include agriculture,
silviculture, horticulture, and various disposal options including landfills. Each of the
management options are described in the sections that follow.
Biosolids Management Using Unstable Sludge
The following management alternatives were developed assuming a sludge that is not
considered Class A and may not be considered Class B. Currently the City mixes their
undigested return activated sludge (RAS) with their digested primary sludge and as a result the
sludge would not be considered Class B unless the sludge passed a specific oxygen uptake
rate (SOUR) test.
Landfill Disposal
Dewatered biosolids can be disposed of in municipal or private solid waste landfills on a
temporary or emergency basis. A typical criterion for acceptance includes passing the paint filter
test and meeting metals limits.
Agricultural Fertilization
Agricultural land application of biosolids is very common in Montana and in the Flathead Valley.
Assuming the sludge does not pass the SOUR test, the biosolids would be applied to farmland
and then incorporated into the soil within 12 hours since the biosolids would be considered
unstable. The nitrogen, phosphorus, iron, and other trace nutrients in biosolids increase crop
yields and reduce the need for inorganic fertilizers. Cake biosolids also add moisture and
improve tilth to agricultural soils.
Glass Aggregate Production
Vitrification is the process of melting waste materials at high temperatures, and was developed
as an alternative for managing nuclear waste. Dried (>90 percent solids) biosolids are
combusted in an oxygen -rich atmosphere at temperatures of 24000 to 27000 F. This results in
complete destruction of organic material, and the residue melts to form molten glass. The glass
has a number of potential uses, such as sandblasting grit, asphalt paving, or roofing shingle
granules. Besides total elimination of pathogens and toxic organics, the process is said to
permanently immobilize potentially toxic metals. This is considered an "innovative" technology,
and has been tested on several biosolids samples in a demonstration facility in Winneconne,
Wisconsin using the "GlassPack®" system from Minergy Corporation. The first permanent full-
scale facility went into operation in September 2006 in Zion, Illinois. This system has a capacity
of 187 wet tons/day (at 17-20 percent solids), and will process biosolids from the North Shore
Sanitary District's three treatment plants. From an input of 35 dry tons per day, the facility will
generate about 7.5 tons/day of glass aggregate. A schematic of the facility is shown on Figure
6-1.
The process is a form of incineration, but there are technical differences from conventional
systems. The obvious difference is the production of usable glass aggregate rather than a waste
IE
Kalispell AWWTP Biosolids Management Plan
ash that is typically discarded in a landfill. This occurs as a result of the significantly higher
temperatures in the combustion chamber. Another difference is the use of a closed loop gas
system in which most exhaust is recycled back to the fluidized bed dryer. This reduces the
system exhaust to a relatively low level. This is made possible by the use of the oxygen injection
system that provides the oxygen needed for combustion.
ed
NSSD GlassPack' Operation Layout
-GWL� �{+�+ l
A r -
C! i
a � Pd
Figure 6-1 Minergy® GlassPack® Facility Schematic (1) and Photo of Zion, Illinois Facility
(r) (Courtesy of Minergy®)
Solid Fuel (Coal Alternative) Production
This option includes various means of using the inherent heating value in biosolids to create
usable energy. Several private firms have begun to offer biosolids management services
through their proprietary biosolids-to-energy processes. Some offer management at their own
facility, which eliminates the need to find a site for a facility and finance capital improvements.
Two such vendors are described below.
EnerTech has a large facility using a proprietary process in Rialto, California. The SlurryCarbTM
system uses heat and pressure to treat biosolids cake to carbonize the organic matter, which
results in a release of bound water. The slurry is dewatered to about 50 percent solids in a
centrifuge, and then dried to greater than 90 percent solids. The final product, called "E-Fuel", is
said to be equivalent to coal as a fuel source for such uses as cement kilns, boilers, gasifiers,
and fluidized beds. A schematic of the process is shown in Figure 6-2.
The facility is privately owned and financed, and long-term contracts are required for biosolids
management. Contracts have been signed with several wastewater agencies, mostly large
agencies producing significantly more biosolids than will be produced by Kalispell.
MIA
Kalispell AWWTP Biosolids Management Plan
BrosWiQS
Plessun:B,7 H+asoliJs
fth Pram— Sorry Pu"Ws
0,,ed E -Fuej
aOUmtad ArWvC!
biosolids are
beneficially re-
used as a
renewable
energy
Figure 6-2 Schematic of EnerTech SlurryCarbTM Process (Courtesy of EnerTech)
The second option is based on sending dried cake to a cement kiln, where it would be used for
fuel. It also provides benefits by reducing nitrous oxide (NOx) emissions. It is possible that there
are potential other industrial users in the vicinity. The treatment process is thermal drying, so the
dried product would have value as a fertilizer and soil amendment as long as the digestion
process was maintained.
Liquid Fuel/Syn Gas Production
This option includes various means of using the inherent heating value in biosolids to create
usable energy. There are two possible processes; Pyrolysis and Gasification
Pyrolysis chemically converts complex organic molecules to simpler molecules using heat
treatment in the absence of oxygen. Drying is a required pretreatment step for medium and high
temperature pyrolysis, but not for low temperature pyrolysis. Depending on the type of pyrolysis,
the biosolids convert to gas, liquid or oil, and char. Recycle and waste streams contain high
concentrations of contamination requiring industrial treatment systems. Some of the intrinsic
heating value of the biosolids is lost in pyrolysis. For low temperature pyrolysis, the partial loss
in heating value is partly or wholly recovered in improved mechanical dewaterability of the
product. The product streams are rich with energy, however, and may be used in a burner or
electricity generator. The net energy yield from pyrolysis varies from negative to slightly positive.
A number of different pyrolysis configurations are marketed by various suppliers. In some
systems, dewatered biosolids are reacted at elevated temperatures and pressures generating
gas, liquid and solid products that require further refinement. Water is liberated from the
biosolids with this type of pyrolysis, and mechanical dewatering downstream of the reactor
results in a cake that is up to 50 percent solids. Other pyrolysis systems treat dried biosolids in a
6-3
Kalispell AWWTP Biosolids Management Plan
high temperature chamber to produce a gas, solid and oil. The products generated by pyrolysis
systems are useful as an energy supply to support the equipment. A net positive energy output
is possible if the input biosolids contain adequate energy potential, and energy recovery is
incorporated into the system to improve efficiency. The results of the energy balance depend on
the water content of the input biosolids and the level of waste or recycle stream treatment
required. Waste gas from pyrolysis systems may contain ammonia, thiols, hydrogen sulfide,
carbon dioxide, methane and other non -methane organic compounds. Wastewater from
pyrolysis may contain high concentrations of ammonia, biochemical oxygen demand (CBOD5),
total dissolved solids (TDS) and metal compounds. The output solids (char) may be marketed
for use as a low-grade energy source, supplied for use in industrial processes, or disposed of in
a landfill.
Pyrolysis solids or char are amenable to further processing and conversion into a fuel gas or a
syngas. Using starved air combustion, organic molecules are converted to hydrogen gas,
carbon monoxide gas, and other minor gas constituents. Syngas typically has a heating value
between 125 and 350 BTU per cubic foot. The gasification process relies on exothermic
reactions making the process self-sustaining. Post treatment of the syngas removes corrosive
compounds and dries the gas prior to use in gas turbines, boilers, and internal combustion
engines. Slag and other metals are residual waste products. Waste flue gas requires monitoring
and treatment to control pollutant discharge. Wastewater treatment is necessary for scrubber
blowdown if wet scrubbers are used for syngas treatment or waste gas pollution control.
Incineration
Incineration is combustion at high temperatures in the presence of oxygen. The organic portion
of biosolids can be combusted. Organic matter, which is approximately 70 to 85 percent of the
solids, is removed and the material left is inert inorganic ash. The ash is typically disposed of in
a landfill, but can be recycled in construction materials such as concrete.
Typically, raw (undigested) solids are combusted as digestion reduces the heat energy value of
the solids, decreases the dewaterability of the solids, and increases costs for processing.
Federal and the State of Montana air emissions requirements include limits on heavy metals,
carbon monoxide or total hydrocarbons, and other organic compounds. There are also required
management practices such as temperature and instrument maintenance and operating
conditions for air pollution control equipment.
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Kalispell AWWTP Biosolids Management Plan
Biosolids Management Using Class B Sludge
The following management alternatives were developed assuming a Class B sludge. In order to
be considered Class B, the City must implement one of the following items:
• Anaerobic digestion between 15 days at 350C (95°F) to 60 days at 200C (680F).
• Aerobic digestion between 40 days at 200C (68°F) to 60 days at 150C (590F).
• Air drying for at least 3 months.
• Composting resulting in sludge temperature of 400C (104°F) or higher for at least five
days. For four hours of that period the temperature must be 550C (131 OF) or higher.
• Lime stabilization such that the pH of the sludge is raised to 12 for at least two hours and
must remain above 11.5 for 24 hours.
Dedicated Surface Disposal
EPA defines surface disposal, also called dedicated land disposal, as placing biosolids on land
for final disposal (EPA, 1994). The key difference between surface disposal and land application
(beneficial use) is that the purpose of surface disposal is final disposal without considering the
"soil enhancing qualities" of the biosolids. As shown in Figure 6-3, surface disposal sites can be
monofills, surface impoundments, lagoons, dedicated disposal sites, or dedicated beneficial use
sites.
m7,,••��` -- .. .-�. if2tfi}.t:Elikib2..:...
\h,
Dedicated disposal site Surface impoundment
Waste pile Monofill Dedicated beneficial
use site
Figure 6-3 Types of Dedicated Surface Disposal, (Source: EPA, 1999; Figure 3-1)
6-5
Kalispell AWWTP Biosolids Management Plan
Agricultural Fertilization
Stabilized biosolids are applied to row or field crops for the purpose of fertilization (Figure 6-4).
The nitrogen, phosphorus, iron, and other trace nutrients in biosolids increase crop yields and
reduce the need for inorganic fertilizers. Cake biosolids also add moisture and improve
agricultural soils.
Y
- �� .ti•r r 1 is - .. � -
Figure 6-4 Photo of Biosolids Application on to Dryland Grain
Silvicultural Fertilization
Similar to agriculture, forested lands can be fertilized with biosolids to increase tree yields and
growth (Figure 6-5). Typically, fertilization is limited to harvested land, new starts, and young
trees due to difficulties with applying biosolids to more mature forests. Access, terrain, and
slopes are key issues when applying biosolids in forests. However, this type of application is not
used to a measurable degree in Montana.
Figure 6-5 Photo of Biosolids Application onto Forests
Disturbed Land Reclamation/Rehabilitation
Disturbed lands include old mines and gravel pits that lack the topsoil to support vegetation
(Figure 6-6). Land affected by other industry activities or natural disasters can be rehabilitated
Kalispell AWWTP Biosolids Management Plan
using biosolids as well. Biosolids can provide topsoil to support vegetation, stabilize slopes,
prevent erosion, and potentially restore ecosystems.
Figure 6-6 Before (1) and after (r) photos showing revegetation after biosolids
application, (courtesy of Northwest Biosolids Management Association)
Alternative Intermediate/Final Landfill Cover
Biosolids can be mixed with soil and used as part of intermediate or final landfill cover material
(Figure 6-7).
11 a
Figure 6-7 Biosolids for Alternative Cover Amendment, (courtesy of Greater Vancouver
Regional District)
6-7
Kalispell AWWTP Biosolids Management Plan
Biofuel Feedstock Fertilization
Increased interest and demand for biofuels as an alternative to fossil fuels has led to production
facilities being sited around the country. Some processes and production facilities use locally
grown crops as a feedstock for producing biodiesel and/or ethanol. These crops could be
fertilized with cake biosolids, either of Class B or Class A quality.
Published research from Oregon State University (Chastain et al., 2006) has shown that
biosolids fertilization of certain oilseed crops can increase yields and reduce irrigation
requirements in a similar fashion as biosolids fertilization of other crops. Typically, canola is
used as the feedstock for biodiesel production, but research is underway to determine if other
crops are more advantageous and economical.
Biosolids Management Using Class A or Class A Exceptional
Quality Sludge
The following management alternatives were developed assuming a Class A sludge. Producing
a Class A/EQ product allows additional uses and opens up certain markets since waiting
periods and public access restrictions do not apply, possibly providing an incentive to potential
users and thereby expanding local application opportunities.
Compost or Dry Pellets/Granules (Class A/EQ)
Biosolids has many benefits for soil amendment, including:
• Improves drainage and aeration of clay soils, preventing water-logged plants.
• Increases moisture and nutrient holding capacities of sandy soils, and reduced
drought damage to plants.
• Keeps nutrients in the soil near plant roots, and it can immobilize and degrade
pollutants.
• Prevents crusting on the top of the soil and helping seeds to sprout and water to
percolate into the soil.
Compost can be used as organic mulch for residential or commercial gardening and
landscaping. Producing Class A/EQ compost would involve an additional processing step. If
operated by the City, it would be necessary to construct a composting facility at a remote site
because of space requirements and potential generation of odors.
Dried biosolids pellets or granules are similar in particle size to commercial inorganic fertilizers.
In the fertilizer industry, the drying process is called "prilling." Dried pellets are typically 90 to 95
percent solids and have NPK (nitrogen/phosphorus/potassium) ratios similar to the cake
biosolids from which they are derived (approximately 6:5:0). Milorganite® is an example of this
type of product. Milorganite® is made with dried biosolids from the City of Milwaukee,
Wisconsin.
The pellets are produced using a thermal drying process after stabilization of solids (typically
anaerobic digestion). There are a number of commercially available systems. Systems that
RIN
Kalispell AWWTP Biosolids Management Plan
provide a method for particle size classification are preferred due to the market demand for
homogeneous particle sizes and dust -free products.
Drying and composting are in relatively common usage. Both result in products that are
aesthetically acceptable to the public.
Once the biosolids have been composted or converted into dried pellets, there are many options
for disposal including horticulture, golf course fertilizer, boffuel feedstock fertilization, or it could
simply be given away as is the case in Hamilton, Montana
Horticulture: For the nursery and landscaping market, biosolids would be treated with a post -
digestion process that would achieve Class A/EQ standards and produce a soil amendment that
would have appeal to the general public and the landscape industry. This would be expected to
result in a product with value that could be sold. Mulch and potting soil could be created by
amending cake biosolids with sand, sawdust, wood chips, or other desirable materials.
Golf Course Fertilizer: Dried biosolids pellets are similar in particle size to commercial inorganic
fertilizers. Dried pellets are well -suited to spreading by conventional golf course fertilizer
application equipment. Particle size classification is critical for the golf course market.
Biofuel Feedstock Fertilization: Increased interest and demand for biofuels as an alternative to
fossil fuels has led to production facilities being sited around the country. Some processes and
production facilities use locally grown crops as a feedstock for producing biodiesel and/or
ethanol. These crops could be fertilized with cake biosolids, either of Class B or Class A quality.
Published research from Oregon State University (Chastain et al., 2006) has shown that
biosolids fertilization of certain oilseed crops can increase yields and reduce irrigation
requirements in a similar fashion as biosolids fertilization of other crops. Typically, canola is
used as the feedstock for biodiesel production, but research is underway to determine if other
crops are more advantageous and economical.
• •
Kalispell AWWTP Biosolids Management Plan
Biosolids Market Summary
Table 6-1 presents the various markets for biosolids products and a relative comparison of
costs.
Table 6-1 Projected Populations and Biosolids Loading
Final Product
Additional
Landfill Disposal
Class B Dewatered
None
Low
Biosolids
Dedicated Land Disposal
Class B Dewatered
None
Low
Biosolids
Agriculture: Fertilizer
Class B Dewatered
None
Low
Biosolids
Silviculture: Fertilizer
Class B Dewatered
None
Moderate to High
Biosolids
Disturbed Land
Class B Dewatered
None
Low to Moderate
Reclamation/Rehabilitation
Biosolids
Alternative
Class A/EQ Dewatered
Pasteurization or Advanced
Moderate
Intermediate/Final Landfill
Biosolids
Digestion
Cover
Agriculture: Fertilizer
Class A/EQ Dewatered
Pasteurization or Advanced
Moderate
Biosolids
Digestion
Public Parks and Recreation
Class A/EQ Compost or
Composting or Thermal Drying
High
Areas
Dried Pellet
Process
Horticulture
Class A/EQ Soil
Off -site contract composting
Moderate
Amendment
Golf Course Fertilizer
Class A/EQ Dried Pellet
Thermal Drying Process
High
Biofuel Feedstock
Class B Dewatered
None
Low to Moderate
Fertilization
Biosolids
Direct Energy Production
Class A/EQ Dried Pellet
Thermal Drying Process
High
Direct Fuel Production
Coal -like Pellet
Proprietary Pyrolysis Process
Very High
Construction Materials
Glass Aggregate
Vitrification
Extremely High
Liquid Fuel
Char, Liquid Fuel
Pyrolysis
Very High
Syn Gas
Char, Syn Gas
Gasification
Very High
Incineration
Ash
Combustion/Incineration
High
6-10
Kalispell AWWTP Biosolids Management Plan
7.0 Screening of Biosolids Management
Alternatives
Evaluation methodology is described in Chapter 2. Many of the biosolids management
alternatives described above are not applicable to the City of Kalispell for a combination of the
following reasons:
• Alternative uses technology that is not established in the industry.
• Alternative does not make beneficial use of nutrients in biosolids.
• Alternative does not have sufficient land availability for year-round processing and
disposal.
• Alternative has permitting challenges.
• Alternative has a limited probability of executing required partnerships.
• Alternative is very expensive compared to other biosolids management alternatives.
• Alternative has high susceptibility to changes in market prices and demands.
• Alternative cannot be implemented within a reasonable timeframe.
• Public perception of the alternative may be negative.
• No viable market for alternative.
The management alternatives identified were evaluated against the above criteria. Any
management alternative with three or more negative screening characteristics was eliminated
from further consideration. The screening decision matrix is included in Table 7-1.
7-1
c
n
P-
of w w w w w w 0� w w w 0� of
N Cl) I- co (O V Ln N co V V r
0 0 1><E><M I
X X X
X I
X 1><l
I I
w 0 7
X X X X X X X X
X
X
X X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X X
X
X
X
X
X
O
X X X
m
o�
75
C� m— �o O n >o
O a) Q > N 75
CL
0 �.o .o .o g 1 Q O O Q ao)C j U �6
co ?co
LL o a� n m U) n m- (n rn cn � w
n o -0-0 .— o n� n cn—
O (6 0 o s o
J Q L.L U 0- US d -S d U (n U L.L U L.L U 30-1 U J U U d
Kalispell AWWTP Biosolids Management Plan
8.0 Biosolids Management Alternatives Evaluation
Alternatives which passed the Phase 1 screening were carried forward for further development
and evaluation.
Alternative 1 - --andfill Disposal
Alternative 1 consists of expanding the existing practice of taking the City's biosolids to the
Flathead County landfill for disposal.
Biosolids Management Concept
In April 2004, the City began hauling dewatered biosolids to the Flathead County landfill located
approximately 10 miles from the AWWTP at 4098 US Hwy 93 North in Kalispell, MT. The
dewatered biosolids are incorporated with refuse at the landfill and covered within 24 hours.
Recent deliveries to the landfill have consisted of one load per week averaging 2.1 dry tons per
week. Tipping fees at the landfill are $31.05 per wet ton. A formal contract with the Flathead
County for dewatered biosolids disposal at the landfill does not exist and disposal site access
can be difficult depending on seasonal weather. Alternative 1 consists of taking all of the City's
biosolids to the landfill.
An estimated cost for the purpose of comparison with other alternatives is presented in Table
8-1. These costs include estimates for construction, operation and maintenance, permitting and
professional services, and contingencies. The present worth of the O&M costs was calculated
assuming an interest rate of 6 percent and a term of 20 years. Note that all cost estimates in
Chapter 8 are for comparison with other alternatives. Once an alternative is selected, site
specific costs will be considered and presented as part of the implementation plan depending on
the location of the project.
Table 8-1 Alternative 1 Cost — Present Worth
Capital Cost
$0
Average Annual O&M Cost $264,000
Total Present Worth
$3,024,000
Biosolids Processing Facilities
The City already has the processing facilities and staff necessary to produce biosolids that can
be disposed of in the landfill. Kalispell's current biosolids handling process is described
previously in this document. No additional equipment or personnel would be required for the
landfill disposal option.
Regional Considerations
There are no regional considerations associated with this alternative.
ME
Kalispell AWWTP Biosolids Management Plan
Implementation Considerations
In order to implement this alternative a formal contract needs to be developed between Flathead
County and the City of Kalispell that establishes the tipping fees and solidifies a long-term
agreement for disposal of biosolids at the landfill. Consideration should be given to having the
County improve site access and address any other challenges associated with this disposal
option as part of the long-term agreement between the City and County.
Alternative 2 — Agricultural Fertilization (Class B)
This concept is based on the assumption that even though the waste activated sludge is not
digested, the City will produce a Class B sludge.
Biosolids Management Concept
Alternative 2 consists of making no changes to the City's sludge processing practices which
includes anaerobic digestion and dewatering. After dewatering the Class B product would be
hauled to a dedicated site for land application. In order for this to truly be a long-term solution, it
is assumed that the City will own the property where the Class B sludge is disposed.
The amount of land required for land application of biosolids would depend on the type and the
nitrogen uptake rate of the crop grown. Crops commonly seen in the Flathead Valley include
small grains, wheat, peas, and lentils. For the purpose of developing this alternative, it is
estimated that the application rate would be approximately 1.4 dry tons per acre which is
consistent with the average application rate at the Bigfork Water and Sewer District sludge farm.
Based on this rate the City would need approximately 440 acres of land to fully implement this
option today and 700 acres by 2037.
Biosolids Processing Facilities
The City already has the processing facilities and staff necessary to produce Class B biosolids.
Kalispell's current biosolids handling process is described previously in this document. No
additional equipment or personnel would be required for the Class B agricultural fertilization
option.
An estimated cost for the purpose of comparison with other alternatives is presented in Table
8-2. These costs include estimates for construction, operation and maintenance, permitting land
acquisition, professional services, and contingencies. In addition the income generated from
the farming operation was also considered resulting in a net positive annual income (rather than
an annual cost). The income was based on the average income received per acre at the
Bigfork Water and Sewer District sludge farm.
Table 8-2 Alternative 2 Cost — Present Worth
'ost Element
Capital Cost $8,200,000
Average Annual O&M Cost <$224,000>
Total Present Worth
$5,632,000
W11
Kalispell AWWTP Biosolids Management Plan
Regional Considerations
The challenges that the City of Kalispell face related to biosolids management are not unique to
Kalispell. Columbia Falls and Flathead County are currently reviewing options for biosolids
disposal. The Bigfork Water and Sewer District, however, is the exception. Bigfork solved their
long-term biosolids issues approximately 15 years ago by purchasing 300 acres where they
currently store and land apply liquid sludge.
There are two potential regional considerations. First, Kalispell could purchase land and make
the land available for biosolids disposal for other communities. The advantage of this option is
that both capital and operation and maintenance costs could be reduced as a result of charging
other users. The second consideration is to approach the Bigfork Water and Sewer District
about utilizing their available land.
Implementation Considerations
As stated previously, no changes to the City's sludge processing facilities would be required.
The primary challenge associated with this alternative is finding an adequate amount of
available land that is affordable.
Alternative 3 — Composting (Class A)
This alternative consists of construction of a composting facility to convert the biosolids to a
Class A fertilizer product. Fertilizer products have a separate categorization system than
biosolids and range from Class IV (raw feedstock materials — i.e. manure) to Class 1 (fully
composted, stabilized and mature). Biosolids are often incorporated in the base material to
make the highest quality (Class 1) compost, which appeals to the general public and the
landscape industry.
Disposal of the compost could be in one of many forms. Because there are basically very few
limitations associated with disposal, the Cities could give away the product to the public or other
City Departments (which is the current practice in Hamilton, Montana) or sell the product to the
public or local farmers.
Biosolids Processing Facilities
The required improvements to the existing biosolids processing facilities would include the
construction of a new composting facility.
This alternative assumes an aerated static pile (ASP) method of composting. Dried solids
would be mixed with woodchips and placed in piles. The piles would be aerated be either
positive or negative air flow through perforated pipe beneath the compost piles. After
approximately 21 days of composting, the piles would be taken down and screened to separate
the wood chips from the compost. The woodchips would be stored and reused, while the
compost would be placed in curing piles for a minimum of 30 days and up to 6 months in the
winter.
The compost system would be sized to handle the 2037 dry solids loading rate of 3.75 dry tons
per day. The complete system would consist of 22 aerated static piles with a 23rd pile for
backup capacity, six curing piles, one compost mixer, a biofilter, a skid steer loader, one
8-3
Kalispell AWWTP Biosolids Management Plan
compost screen and odor control. It is also recommended that an open air building be
constructed over the aerated static piles. Finally, the composting system would include the
collection and disposal of Ieachate from the aerated static and curing piles, the biofilter and
moisture trapped in the blower piping.
The new composting facility would require approximately 10 acres of land and could potentially
be located on approximately 40 acres of land owned by the City of Kalispell off of Cemetery
Road. The advantages of this site are that procurement of land is not required and the location
is only a few miles away from the wastewater treatment plant. Another advantage of this site is
that it is easily accessed by the public either from the drop off of woody waste or the pickup of
compost. The disadvantage of this site is the potential for odor associated with the composting
process. Though the City is not rapidly expanding to the south, interest regarding the
development of the property directly to the south has been expressed.
An estimated cost for the purpose of comparison with other alternatives is presented in Table
8-3. These costs include estimates for construction, operation and maintenance, permitting and
professional services, and contingencies.
Table 8-3 Alternative 3 Cost — Present Worth
111111111111111111111111111liCost Element Co
Capital Cost
$4,520,000
Average Annual O&M Cost $86,000
Total Present Worth $5,500,000
Regional Considerations
There are a number of regional considerations associated with this alternative. Like Alternative
2, construction of the composting facility allows for the potential for partnership with other
municipalities and Flathead County saving both capital and operation and maintenance cost.
Further, the composting facility allows woody waste to be put to beneficial use rather than
disposed of in the existing landfill.
As part of a regional concept, there is also the potential for siting this facility on land owned by
the Bigfork Water and Sewer District which is centrally located in the valley and already
permitted for biosolids disposal, though because Kalispell does own land where this facility
could be sited, the advantages of partnering with Bigfork are far less for this alternative than
Alternative 2.
Implementation Considerations
The implementation of Alternative 3 would be similar to other capital improvements that have
been made at the wastewater treatment plant and no unique challenges are anticipated.
8-4
Kalispell AWWTP Biosolids Management Plan
Alternative 4 — Dried Pellets/Granules (Class A)
This alternative includes process improvements to process the Class B cake to a Class A dried
pellet. A number of thermal drying systems are commercially available. Thermal drying
produces Class A pellets which are also an EQ product, depending on incoming biosolids
quality. Systems that provide a method for particle size classification are preferred due to the
market demand for homogeneous particle sizes and dust -free products allowing for greater
diversification of potential end users. Dried biosolids pellets are similar in particle size to
commercial inorganic fertilizers. In the fertilizer industry, the drying process is called "prilling."
Dried pellets are typically 90 to 95 percent solids and have nitrogen -phosphorus -potassium (N-
P-K) ratios similar to the cake biosolids from which they are derived (approximately 6-5-0).
SoundGRO is an example of this type of product. SoundGRO is made with dried biosolids from
the Pierce County, Washington facility. Because biosolids are treated to meet Class A
requirements, the pellets are approved for unrestricted use. The biosolids would be applied in
lieu of fertilizer at City -owned public parks and recreation areas, given or sold to the public, used
on golf courses, etc.
Biosolids Processing Facilities
A new drying system would need to be installed to process the currently produced Class B
dewatered biosolids to Class A dry pellets. There are a number of commercially available
systems. Systems that provide a method for particle size classification are preferred due to the
market demand for homogeneous particle sizes and dust -free products. All the existing
equipment would remain in use. The technology typically used to produce Class A biosolids
pellets is a drum drying system. The resulting pellets are approximately 90 percent solids and
can easily be applied by fertilizing equipment.
Many sludge driers are currently marketed to reduce the volume of biosolids. The following
criteria were applied to determine the best type of dryer for the City of Kalispell:
• Produces a Class A product
• Utilizes biogas as fuel source without scrubbing
• Low capital and O&M costs
• Appropriate size for current and predicted biosolids loading
Three main types of dryers were investigated: drum drying systems, belt drying systems and
continuous mix systems. Budget equipment costs for each drying system are presented in the
cost estimate below.
Table 8-4 Biosolids Dryer Costs
Drying System Budget Equipmei
Fenton Fenix Continuous Mix $1,500,000
Siemens Sludge Belt Dryer Model 2000 $2,500,000
8-5
Kalispell AWWTP Biosolids Management Plan
Drum drying systems produce high quality, uniform pelletized biosolids. Some dryers are able to
utilize dewatered biogas to fuel the furnace. These types of dryers are typically complicated and
are designed for large applications. Due to the complex process, the capital costs of drum
drying systems are higher than other dryer systems. The Andritz drum drying system, which is
used by Pierce County, Washington to produce their biosolid fertilizer product SoundGrow, is
illustrated on Figure 8-1.
I
PIQUA
F"I
4Yas
Nat
Figure 8-1 Drum Drying System
Continuous mix biosolids dehydration systems use heated disks to mix sludge inside a
dehydration chamber. The Fenton Fenix system uses thermal fluid which can be heated by
using dewatered (but unscrubbed) biogas. The continuous mix system is much simpler than the
drum drying system but is less adjustable. This system produces Class A dried granular
biosolids.
Other systems, including those manufactured by GMF-Gouda and Komline-Sanderson, have a
paddle system that works much like the heated disks in the Fenton Fenix dryer to achieve a
Class A dried biosolid product. Figure 8-2 provides a layout of this system.
MET
Kalispell AWWTP Biosolids Management Plan
61IM*1:19111112114
ndenser Scrubber
Water out
Monitoring and Control (PLC)
Figure 8-2 Continuous Mix Drying System
Belt Drying Systems are simpler than the drum drying systems, but produce a granular instead
of pelletized Class A product. Sludge belt dryers are convective dryers which evaporate water
when the biosolids come into contact with heated air. Natural gas is often used to provide fuel to
the burner. The Siemens Sludge Belt Dryer can utilize biogas as a fuel source, but requires the
gas to be scrubbed prior to use. This increases capital and O&M costs from the need to install
scrubbing equipment and decreases benefit from using biogas as a fuel source. The process for
the Siemens Sludge Belt Dryer is illustrated on Figure 8-3
8-7
Kalispell AWWTP Biosolids Management Plan
DISCHARGE
IN ATMOSPHERE
FL. n
4 A 4- WASHING WATER
Srri�hh�r
DEWATERE❑
SLUDGE
DISCHARGE Wet Sludge �W
WATER Mohno Pump
Granulating
Unit A
Recirculating r
Fan
� a
Wet Sludge Screw
Belt
FUEL DRIED SLUDGE ■ Dryer
DISCHARGE
�EE�
Hiirnr-
Figure 8-3 Sludge Belt Drying System
The Fenton Fenix drying system was selected to represent all drying alternatives. It meets all
dryer criteria set forth for dryer selection, has the lowest capital cost, and has low operation and
maintenance costs. The biosolids drying alternatives are carried forward using performance
specification for the Fenton Fenix drying system. Figure 8-4 shows a photo of a Fenix system.
The following are components needed to support the drying system:
• Building
• Solids Storage
• Gas (Biogas or Natural Gas)
• Electricity for motors
• O&M Personnel
Competitors to the Fenton Fenix drying system on the scale of the Kalispell AWWTP include
GMF-Gouda and Komline-Sanderson. Should the City pursue a drier to produce a Class A
biosolid, it is recommended that alternative systems be further evaluated at that time.
Kalispell AWWTP Biosolids Management Plan
Figure 8-4 Fenton Fenix Dryer
It is anticipated that this facility would be located at the existing AWWTP site.
An estimated cost for the purpose of comparison with other alternatives is presented in Table
8-5. These costs include estimates for construction, operation and maintenance, permitting and
professional services, and contingencies.
i able 8-5 Alternative 4 Cost — Present Worth
—Cost Element
Capital Cost $6,279,000
Average Annual O&M Cost $275,600
Total Present Worth $9,440,000
Kalispell AWWTP Biosolids Management Plan
Regional Considerations
There are a number of regional considerations associated with this alternative. Like Alternative
2 and 3, construction of the dry pellet facility allows for the potential for partnership with other
municipalities and Flathead County saving both capital and operation and maintenance cost.
As part of a regional concept, there is also the potential for siting this facility on land owned by
the Bigfork Water and Sewer District which is centrally located in the valley and already
permitted for biosolids disposal, though because Kalispell does own land where this facility
could be sited, the advantages of partnering with Bigfork are far less for this alternative than
Alternative 2.
Implementation Considerations
The implementation of Alternative 3 would be similar to other capital improvements that have
been made at the wastewater treatment plant and no unique challenges are anticipated.
Biosolids Management Strategy Comparison
This section evaluates and compares the biosolids management alternatives based on
economic and non -economic criteria. These criteria are provided in Table 8-6.
Table 8-6 Economic and Non -Economic Criteria
Economic Criteria Non -Economic Criteria
Capital Costs Long -Term Viability
Operating Costs Technology
Present Worth Costs Environmental Stewardship
Regional Considerations
Implementation
Economic Comparison
Table 8-7 summarizes the cost of each of the four alternatives presented above.
i ame 8-7 Biosolids Management Alternative Scoring
O
O U
Management Strategy/Cost Element as p ai
.Q
cc
U
Alternative 1 — Landfill Disposal $0
Alternative 2—Agricultural Fertilization
Alternative 3 — Composting
$8.200M
$4.520M
Alternative 4 - Dry Pellets/Granules $6.279M
$0.264M
<$.224M>
$0.860M
$0.275M
$3.024M
$5.632M
$5.500M
$9.440M
5
3
3
1
M.
Kalispell AWWTP Biosolids Management Plan
Non -Economic Comparison
The non -economic evaluation is based on scoring each criterion, applying a weighting factor,
and calculating a "total benefit" percentage for each alternative. This value, coupled with the
economic analysis, provides an overview of the relative costs and benefits for each alternative.
For this analysis a rating from 1 to 5 was assigned with 5 being the highest (best) rating
attainable and presented in increments of 0.5. The ratings presented in this report were
developed jointly by the City of Kalispell and HDR project team members.
Long -Term Viability: Long-term viability addresses the ability to sustain the biosolids
management strategy in the face of changing regulations; changing public concerns; and
changing market conditions for energy, labor, and other cost factors. It also addresses the
potential strength and diversity of the market for the biosolids product created. A summary of
the long-term viability criterion scores is presented in Table 8-8.
Table 8-8 Long -Term Viability Score
Alternative 1 — Landfill Disposal 2.0
Alternative 2 —Agricultural Fertilization
Alternative 3 — Composting 4.5
Alternative 4 — Dry Pellets/Granules+
The long-term viability scores are based on the following:
• Alternative 1 received a below average rating because the proposed disposal site, the
Flathead County Landfill, is not under the control of the City of Kalispell. The uncertainty
of the future of landfill disposal along with the landfill's legal ability to deny acceptance of
biosolids, is in part, why this document is being created. Other communities in the
Flathead Valley also share this concern.
Alternative 2 has an advantage over Alternative 1 in that the City has control over their
own disposal site and would not likely be impacted by a third party in this regard.
However, this alternative received a score just above average as a result of the potential
for changing regulations associated with Class B biosolids. It should be noted that there
are areas in the United States where land application of Class B biosolids have been
banned. Examples include Kiowa, Lincoln and Cheyenne counties in Colorado.
However, there are no indications that changes to these regulations will occur in the
near -term in Montana or Flathead County.
Alternatives 3 and 4 received above -average ratings due to the quality of final product,
whether it is compost or dry pellets or granules. Because of the quality, it is anticipated
that disposal options will essentially be unaffected by regulations, etc. Further, as
communities in the United States are trending toward environmental stewardship,
unrestricted beneficial reuse of the biosolids is expected to be publically encouraged.
M.
Kalispell AWWTP Biosolids Management Plan
Technology: With regard to technology, a highly -rated alternative must be safe, proven at the
scale required, and compatible with the space limitations of the site. It must have an acceptable
level of complexity, provide sufficient reliability and redundancy, and incorporate process and
operational flexibility. It also should avoid adverse impacts on the capacity and performance of
the liquid treatment system or include acceptable measures to mitigate impacts. Finally, it must
have acceptable impacts on Kalispell staff in terms of number of new staff required, training
needed, and hours of operation. The technology scores summarized in Table 8-9 are based on
the following:
Alternative 1, from a technology perspective received an above -average rating and the
highest score. This was primarily due to the fact that, setting long-term viability issues
aside, this alternative is simple and proven in that the landfill has been a source of
disposal for years.
• For many of the same reasons as Alternative 1, Alternative 2 also received an above -
average score. The final score was slightly lower than Alternative 1 because this
disposal option will be new to the City and presents a few more challenges than simply
disposing of the biosolids in the landfill.
• Alternatives 3 and 4 both utilize proven technologies, but in both cases the operation
and maintenance requirements of these options are inherently more complex than
landfill disposal or agricultural fertilization.
Table 8-9 Technology Score
Alternative 1 — Landfill Disposal 4.5
Alternative 2—Agricultural Fertilization 4.0
Alternative 3 — Composting 3.5
Alternative 4 — Dry Pellets/Granules 3.5
Environmental Stewardship: Environmental stewardship addresses the positive and negative
impacts of the alternatives on the local and global environments. Alternatives that receive high
ratings for this criterion should provide beneficial use of resources; reduce the carbon footprint
of the program; and have minimal adverse impact on the local environment, including hydrology,
biological resources, and water quality.
Table 8-10 presents a summary of the environmental stewardship criteria scores.
Table 8-10 Environmental Stewardship Score
Alternative 1 — Landfill Disposal 1.0
Alternative 2—Agricultural Fertilization 4.0
Alternative 3 — Composting 4.5
Alternative 4 — Dry Pellets/Granules 4.5
8-12
Kalispell AWWTP Biosolids Management Plan
The environmental stewardship scores are based on the following:
• Alternative 1 received by far the overall lowest score for two reasons. First, not only
does this alternative not put biosolids to a beneficial use, but it also consumes valuable
space in the local landfill.
• Alternatives 2, 3 and 4 all received above average scores with the difference between
Alternative 2 and Alternatives 3 and 4 being that agricultural fertilization option has a
smaller impact (i.e. a City owned farm) compared to a product that can be used by
anyone.
Regional Considerations: This criterion addresses the impacts of the biosolids program on the
other communities in the Flathead Valley including Flathead County. As a result of numerous
limitations including the Flathead River, Stillwater River and Whitefish River and the
corresponding floodplain, mountain ranges to the west, north and east, Flathead Lake to the
south, and growth in the area, the amount of land that can be used for biosolids disposal for any
reason is finite. For these reasons, biosolids disposal has become a major concern for the City
of Kalispell, the City of Columbia Falls, and Flathead County (for septage disposal), and as the
population in Flathead County continues to grow the amount of available land and the public
acceptance of the use of this land for biosolids disposal will decrease significantly. This criteria
ranks each alternative on its ability to be expanded into a regional facility.
Table 8-11 presents a summary of the environmental stewardship criteria scores.
Table 8-11 Regional Considerations Score
Alternative 1 — Landfill Disposal 1.0
Alternative 2—Agricultural Fertilization
Alternative 3 — Composting 4.5
Alternative 4 — Dry Pellets/Granules 5.0
The regional considerations scores are based on the following:
• Alternative 1 was again ranked the lowest for this criteria. Continued use of the landfill
does not promote in any way a regional concept. In fact, it creates a situation where
local communities must potentially compete for space within the landfill.
• Alternative 2 received an above average score due to the fact that it is possible to
purchase adequate land to develop and manage a farm that can be fertilized using
biosolids from every community in the valley.
• Alternatives 3 and 4 received higher scores than Alternative 2 primarily due to the fact
that these alternatives can be scaled up from serving just Kalispell to the region with little
difficultly and, relatively speaking, cost implications. In addition the regional facility can
be built as the original project, or the City of Kalispell facility can be easily retrofitted in
the future to handle regional biosolids. This flexibility does not exist for Alternative 2.
8-13
Kalispell AWWTP Biosolids Management Plan
Implementation: This criterion addresses the ability to implement the alternative within the
timeframe need by the City of Kalispell. Key considerations are the ability to obtain the required
permits and approvals, negotiate necessary agreements with public and private partners; and
acquire necessary land.
A summary of the implementation criterion scores for the four management strategies is
presented in Table 8-12.
Table 8-12 Implementation
Alternative 1 — Landfill Disposal 4.5
Alternative 2—Agricultural Fertilization
Alternative 3 — Composting 3.0
Alternative 4 — Dry Pellets/Granules 3.0
• Alternative 1 nearly received a perfect score for this criterion because of the fact that this
management strategy is currently being used as a form of disposal. It did not received a
perfect score due to the fact that a formal agreement with Flathead County has not been
developed.
• Alternative 2 received a below average score due to challenges associated with finding,
purchasing, and permitting land.
• Alternatives 3 and 4 received an average score to reflect the fact that these
improvements would require the traditional design -bid -build process that has been
implemented numerous times in the past.
Biosolids Management Alternative Scoring
The economic and non -economic scoring criteria are combined in this section resulting in the
creation of an overall score for each management strategy. For this evaluation the economic
considerations are worth 50 percent of the total score and each of the five non -economic
considerations are worth 10 percent. Each individual score was multiplied by the weight in
order to develop a final weighted score. The final scoring is presented in Table 8-13.
8-14
Kalispell AWWTP Biosolids Management Plan FN
Table 8-13 Biosolids Management Alternative Scoring
Economic Considerations
Long -Term Viability
Technology
Environmental Stewardship
Regional Considerations
Implementation
Total
40
12
12
12
12
12
100
5.0
3.0
3.0
1.0
200
120
120
40
2.0
3.5
4.5
4.5
24
42
54
54
4.5
4.0
3.5
3.5
54
48
42
42
1.0
4.0
4.5
4.5
12
48
54
54
1.0
4.
4.5
5.0
12
48
54
60
4.5
2.0
3.0
3.0
54
24
36
36
356
330
360
286
8-15
Kalispell AWWTP Biosolids Management Plan
9.0 Implementation of Recommended Alternative
This chapter summarizes the selected biosolids management alternative and steps that should
be taken to implement the selected alternative.
Recommended Improvements and Estimated Costs
Taking into consideration capital costs, annual operation and maintenance costs, and other non-
economic factors discussed in Chapter 9, the preferred long-term biosolids management
alternative is composting.
Since the composting option can be implemented at any scale and is easily expanded, it is also
recommended that this alternative be implemented in multiple phases as needed based on
need due to growth and changes at the current disposal sites. Each of the phases are
described below.
Composting Phase 1
Phase 1 improvements consist of constructing a facility that can handle approximately 25
percent of the 2037 biosolids production which would be approximately 244 dry tons per year or
7.40 cubic yards per day. Today this would result in the need to continue to haul approximately
412 dry tons per year or 12.55 cubic yards per day to either Glacier Gold or the Flathead County
Landfill. It is estimated that implementation of Phase 1 will save $50,000-$58,000 in tipping
fees annually.
The design criteria for this alternative is presented in Table 9-1 followed by the total estimated
cost of this in 2019 dollars which is presented in Table 9-2.
Table 9-1 Phase 1 Design Criteria
Project Componen
Dewatered Biosolids to be Composted (cu. Yd./day)
Aerated Static Piles
Number of Days in Composting (days)
Cure Piles
Number of Days in Curing (days)
Cured Compost Storage Area (sq. ft.)
Cured Compost Storage Capacity (days)
New Bulking Agent Storage Area (sq. ft.)
New Bulking Agent Storage Capacity (days)
Recycled Bulking Agent Storage Area (sq. ft.)
Recycled Bulking Agent Storage Capacity (days)
7.40
21
30
6,500
180
2,250
30
1,900
21
M
Kalispell AWWTP Biosolids Management Plan FN
Table 9-2 Phase 1 Estimated Project Cost
Construction (Including Mobilization, Bonds and Insurance)
Montana Tax (1 %)
Sub -Total
Miscellaneous Items and Contingencies
Sub -Total
Inflation Factor (mid-2019)'
Sub -Total
Engineering, Legal and Fiscal (25%)2
Heavy Equipment'
$2,116,000
$21,000
$2,137,000
$214,000
$2,351,000
1.03
$2,422,000
$606,000
$155,000
Total Estimated Project Cost $3,183,000
1. The above factor for projecting construction cost assumes approximately 3 percent per year increase in costs.
2. Costs for technical or professional services are based on a percent of total construction for budgeting purposes only.
Final costs for these services will be negotiated and may vary depending on actual site conditions, availability of
existing data, the final scope of service, etc.
3. Assumes a Deere 326D skid steer and a Deere 510C backhoe, or equal
Though the project could begin as early as 2018, the cost estimate assumes that design will
commence in the third quarter of 2018 (after the fiscal year) and construction will commence in
the late spring or early summer of 2019.
Composting Phases 2, 3 and 4
Future composting phases are assumed to occur as follows:
• 2022: 50 percent of the estimated 2037 biosolids production
• 2027: 75 percent of the estimated 2037 biosolids production
• 2032: 100 percent of the estimated 2037 biosolids production
It is recognized that the timing of implementing these phases could change based on changes
in growth within the City, changes in the cost of disposal at Glacier Gold or the Flathead County
Landfill, or should the City decided to accept biosolids from other communities in the Flathead
Valley.
The design criteria for Phases 2, 3 and 4 is presented in Table 9-3 followed by the total
estimated cost of each phase presented in Table 9-4 Phases 2, 3, and 4 Estimated
Project Cost
ME
Kalispell AWWTP Biosolids Management Plan M
Table 9-3 Phases 2, 3, and 4 Design Criteria
Dewatered Biosolids to be Composted (cu.
Yd./day)
Aerated Static Piles
Number of Days in Composting (days)
Cure Piles
Number of Days in Curing (days)
Cured Compost Storage Area (sq. ft.)
Cured Compost Storage Capacity (days)
New Bulking Agent Storage Area (sq. ft.)
New Bulking Agent Storage Capacity (days)
Recycled Bulking Agent Storage Area (sq. ft.)
Recycled Bulking Agent Storage Capacity (days)
7.40
7.40
7.40
5
5
5
21
21
21
4
4
4
30
30
30
2,100
2,100
2,100
180
180
180
2,250
2,250
2,250
30
30
30
1,900
1,900
1,900
21
21
21
Table 9-4 Phases 2, 3, and 4 Estimated Project Cost
Construction (Including Mobilization, Bonds and Insurance)
$623,000
$623,000
$623,000
Montana Tax (1%)
$6,000
■
$6,000
$6,000
Sub -Total
$629,000
$629,000
$629,000
Miscellaneous Items and Contingencies
$63,000
$63,000
$63,000
Sub -Total
$692,000
$692,000
$692,000
Inflation Factor (mid-2022, 2027, and 2032)'
1.16
1.34
1.56
Sub -Total
$802,000
$930,000
$1,078,000
Engineering, Legal and Fiscal (25%)2
$201,000
$233,000
$270,000
Heavy Equipment3
$50,000
$60,000
$0
Total Estimated Project Cost
$1,053,000
$1,223,000
$1,348,000
1. The above factor for projecting construction cost assumes approximately 3 percent per year increase in costs.
2. Costs for technical or professional services are based on a percent of
total construction for budgeting
purposes only.
Final costs for these
services will be negotiated and may vary depending on actual site conditions, availability of existing
data, the final scope of service, etc.
3. Assumes a Deere 326D skid steer.
9-3
Kalispell AWWTP Biosolids Management Plan
APPENDIX A
GLACIER GOLD AGREEMENT
SLUDGE MANAGEMENT AGREEMENT
THIS AGREEMENT, made this , — day of _ , 20 . ,
by and between the City of Kalispell, a municipal corporation, hereinafter called "CITY"
and Glacier Gold L.L.C., hereinafter called "GLACIER GOLD".
WHEREAS, the CITY operates a secondary sewage treatment plant for municipal
wastewater that produces an end product of dewatered sludge; and
WHEREAS, GLACIER GOLD has in its priced proposal alternative, dated
January 26, 2004, attached hereto and made a part of this Agreement, requested the
opportunity to obtain the sludge for its product line, and intends to use the sludge, along
with certain bulking agents, to produce a man-made humus which GLACIER GOLD
markets as an organic fertilizer and soil conditioner; and
WHEREAS, the parties are desirous of entering into an agreement whereby the
CITY provides to GLACIER GOLD the dewatered sludge.
WITNESSETH:
ARTICLE I
SERVICES AND CHARGES
1. SLUDGE REMOVAL AND DELIVERY.
The CITY will provide to GLACIER GOLD and GLACIER GOLD will
accept all the dewatered sludge produced at the CITY'S wastewater
treatment plant.
The annual delivery of sludge shall not exceed 600 dry tons per year
unless revised by mutual consent in an amendment to this Agreement. The
CITY shall supply all labor, equipment, materials, fuel, repairs, equipment
operators, supervisory personnel required to deliver the sludge to
GLACIER GOLD'S composting operation located in Olney, Montana and
to deposit the sludge as directed by GLACIER GOLD personnel on site.
2. CHARGES/ADJUSTMENTS.
The CITY shall pay to GLACIER GOLD, two hundred dollars thirty eight
dollars ($238) per dry ton of sludge delivered to and accepted by
GLACIER GOLD.
1
3. TRUCK WASHDOWN SERVICE.
GLACIER GOLD shall provide truck washdown service at its composting
operation site for use by CITY equipment, at no cost to the CITY.
ARTICLE II
SLUDGE CHARACTERISTICS
1. PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS.
The sludge delivered to GLACIER GOLD by the CITY shall typically be
dewatered between thirteen percent (13%) to twenty percent (20%) solids
content. Seasonal variations in percent solids may occur but at no time
shall sludge be delivered that is not suitable for use by GLACIER GOLD.
2. CHEMICAL CHARACTERISTICS.
The CITY shall not deliver to GLACIER GOLD any sludge where test
results of the sludge exceed maximum contaminant limits established by
the EPA or State Water Quality Bureau. If the sludge contains any
physical, chemical or organic chemical characteristics that render it
unsuitable for use by GLACIER GOLD, GLACIER GOLD has the right
to refuse acceptance of the sludge. The CITY agrees to notify GLACIER
GOLD within 24 hours of any test results which indicate the sludge is
unsuitable for GLACIER GOLD'S use.
ARTICLE III
MEASUREMENT AND PAYMENT
1. FORMULA FOR DETERMINING DRY TON.
For purposes of this Agreement the computation of dry tons shall be
determined as follows:
Dry ton = % of solids x wet ton
2. MAINTENANCE OF RECORDS.
CITY will maintain accurate records of tonnages delivered to GLACIER
GOLD in a form adopted by the CITY. CITY shall provide records on
2
tonnage delivered to GLACIER GOLD with each billing cycle. These
records will form the basis of payment under Article I of this Agreement.
3. LOADING MEASUREMENT.
The CITY shall determine the tonnage of sludge to be hauled by all trucks.
Tonnage delivered to GLACIER GOLD shall be determined by weighing
trucks delivering sludge when full and then weighing truck when empty.
All weighing shall be done on certified scales supplied by GLACIER
GOLD. Duplicates of weight tickets shall be supplied to GLACIER
GOLD.
4. INVOICE SUBMISSION AND PAYMENT.
CITY shall pay GLACIER GOLD within thirty (30) days of receipt of
itemized invoices. The invoices shall identify the date, tonnage, and
percent of solids for each load delivered to GLACIER GOLD by the
CITY.
ARTICLE IV
SCHEDULES AND TESTING
1. SCHEDULES.
CITY and GLACIER GOLD shall develop and agree to a normal
operating schedule which will allow the CITY to efficiently operate the
wastewater treatment plant and allow GLACIER GOLD to accept the
projected volume of the sludge. Unless otherwise agreed to in writing
between the CITY and GLACIER GOLD sludge may be delivered to the
GLACIER GOLD composting facility between 8:30 a.m. and 3:30 p.m.,
Monday through Friday.
2. TESTING.
CITY will provide to GLACIER GOLD results of tests conducted on the
sludge with regard to percent total solids with each load delivered. In
addition to the information as provided in Article II, Section 2, analyses
for TKN, total Phosphorous, ammonia, nitrates and routine heavy metals
will be provided to GLACIER GOLD -on a quarterly basis. Upon written
request from GLACIER GOLD, CITY will provide GLACIER GOLD
with the results of any additional sludge tests conducted by the CITY. If
3
GLACIER GOLD conducts any test on the sludge, GLACIER GOLD
shall provide the results of such test to CITY.
ARTICLE V
PERMITS, CHANGES TO LAW
1. PERMITS.
GLACIER GOLD shall have the full responsibility and any and all
liability for meeting the terms conditions of any permits which GLACIER
GOLD must acquire relative to the program outlined in this Agreement.
GLACIER GOLD agrees to hold CITY harmless and indemnify the CITY
with regard to GLACIER GOLD'S lack of compliance or any other reason
which results in an action of regulatory enforcement or litigation relative
to GLACIER GOLD'S program and ultimate disposition of GLACIER
GOLD'S end product. GLACIER GOLD shall acquire and maintain in
continuous effect liability insurance in the amount specified in Article VI.
GLACIER GOLD must be in continuous compliance with the provisions
of any permit or law applicable to its business operations, or it will be in
default with the provisions of this Agreement.
2. CHANGES TO LAW.
The price agreed to above is based on GLACIER GOLD'S anticipated
compliance with current Federal, State, and Local laws and permitting
requirements. In the event that there are changes in such laws, permitting
requirements, regulations, or local interpretation of the laws or regulations
which impose additional or lesser costs which are attributable to the
characteristics of the sludge, either the CITY or GLACIER GOLD may
request that the agreed to price may be renegotiated, stating in detail the
reason or justifications for the request. Such request for additional or
lesser sums must be in writing. In the event agreement of a revised amount
cannot be reached within sixty (60) days of receipt of such request, either
party may terminate this Agreement with ninety (90) days written notice.
ARTICLE VI
INSURANCE, INDEMNIFICATION, AND BONDING
1. INSURANCE REQUIREMENTS.
rd
Without limiting GLACIER GOLD'S indemnification of the CITY,
GLACIER GOLD shall provide and maintain at its own expense during
the terms of this Agreement, the following policy or policies of insurance
covering its operations hereunder, whether such operations be by
GLACIER GOLD or by any subcontractor or by anyone for whose acts
any of them may be liable. Such insurance shall be secured through a
carrier satisfactory to the CITY. Evidence of such insurance satisfactory
to the CITY shall be delivered to the CITY on or before the effective date
of this Agreement, and shall contain the express condition that the CITY is
to be given written notice at least thirty (30) days in advance of
cancellation, modification, expiration, or termination of any policy of
insurance. The CITY shall be named as an additional named insured on
all policies except worker's compensation.
2. GENERAL LIABILITY.
Such policy of insurance shall include, but not be limited to,
comprehensive general liability with explosion, collapse, and underground
hazards, contractual liability, products/completed operations and
independent contractor's endorsements, with a combined single limit not
less than $750,000.00 per claim and $1,500,000.00 per occurrence. Such
insurance shall be primary to and not contributing with any other
insurance maintained by the CITY and shall name the CITY as additional
insured.
3. WORKER'S COMPENSATION.
GLACIER GOLD'S employees shall be covered by Worker's
Compensation insurance in an amount and form to meet all applicable
requirements of the Labor Code of the State of Montana.
4. FAILURE TO PROCURE INSURANCE.
In case of failure on the part of GLACIER GOLD to procure or maintain
required insurance, GLACIER GOLD shall be deemed to be in default of
this Agreement. CITY shall notify GLACIER GOLD of such default and
GLACIER GOLD shall within 30 days of such notice of default, take
corrective action to rectify such default by procuring and maintaining the
required insurance.
5. INDEMNIFICATION.
GLACIER GOLD agrees to indemnify, defend and save the CITY, its
agents, elected and appointed officials, and employees from suppliers', or
agents' operations, or anyone directly or indirectly employed by any to
5
them, or their services, from and against any and all liability, expense,
including defense costs and legal fees (including costs and attorney's fees
on appeal), and claims for damages of any nature whatsoever, including,
but not limited to bodily injury, death, personal injury, or property damage
arising from or connected to GLACIER GOLD'S, its subcontractors',
suppliers', or agents' operations, or their service hereunder, including any
worker's compensation suits, liability, or expense arising from or
connected with services by any person pursuant to this Agreement. The
CITY shall specifically be indemnified and held harmless of any liability
as a result of the sale or use of the sludge produced by the CITY in any
form whatsoever, except when the liability is occasioned by the CITY'S
negligence or failure to inform as required in Article II, Section 2, supra.
ARTICLE VII
TERM OF AGREEMENT
1. TERM.
The initial term of this Agreement is for a five (5) year period from April
1, 2014 to March 31, 2019. The Agreement may be extended for an
additional five (5) years by mutual agreement in writing by both parties.
If any of the terms of this Agreement are to be modified by these
extensions, they will be subject to renegotiation by both parties upon
written notice by either party, thirty (30) days prior to the expiration of the
term.
2. TERMINATION.
a) All terms and conditions of this Agreement are considered
material, and failure to perform any of the terms and conditions on the part
of either party shall be considered a breach of this Agreement. In the
event either party to this Agreement breaches the Agreement, the party not
in breach of this Agreement shall notify the breaching party in writing of
the nature of such breach. Within ten (10) days of said notice the
breaching party shall correct the breach.
b) In the event the breaching party fails to correct the breach, as
provided in (a) above, the party not in breach, without further notice, shall
have the following rights and remedies, which may be exercised singly or
in combination:
N.
i) The right to declare this Agreement, together with all rights
granted thereunder, terminated, effective immediately;
ii) The right to contract with others to perform the services
otherwise to be performed by the breaching party, or to perform
such services itself; and
iii) Any and all rights under federal laws and the laws of the
State of Montana.
c) Notwithstanding paragraphs (a) and (b), supra, the CITY shall
have the right to terminate this Agreement if GLACIER GOLD fails in
any consecutive 30 day period to accept sludge under the terms of this
Agreement.
d) Notwithstanding paragraphs (a), (b), and (c), supra, GLACIER
GOLD, upon twelve (12) months written notice, shall have the right to
terminate this Agreement for the business reason stated in the Proposal
Alternative 1, attached hereto, and for no other reason except as specified
in Article V, Paragraph 2.
ARTICLE VIII
MISCELLANEOUS
1. BINDING EFFECT.
This Agreement is binding upon the heirs, successors, administrators,
executors, personal representatives and assigns of the parties hereto.
2. ENTIRE AGREEMENT.
This Agreement and Proposal Alternative 1, attached hereto, comprise the
entire agreement between the parties. This Agreement completely
replaces any and all prior agreements of any nature whatsoever. Any
additional agreement hereafter made shall be effective to alter, change,
modify or discharge this Agreement in whole or in part unless any
additional agreement is in writing and signed by the parties hereto.
3. SEVERABILITY.
If any article, section, subsection, sentence, clause, phrase or word of this
Agreement is ever for any reason held to be invalid by a court, the parties
hereby agree that such decision shall not affect the validity of the
7
remainder of this Agreement, and the parties agree that the remaining
provisions shall remain in full force and effect.
4. AFFIRMATIVE ACTION POLICY.
Contractors, subcontractors, subgrantees, and other firms doing business
with the CITY or any agency connected with the CITY must be in
compliance with the CITY'S Affirmative Action Plan and Title 49, MCA
or forfeit the right to continue such business dealings.
5. NON-DISCRIMINATION.
In connection with the performance of work and services under this
Agreement, the contractor agrees to comply with the provisions of the law
and Constitution of the State of Montana. Contractor further agrees to
comply with the Civil Rights Act of 1964 (78 Stat. 242), the regulations of
the Department of Health, Education and Welfare issued pursuant to the
Act, and the provisions of Executive Order 11246, Equal Opportunity,
September 24, 1965. The contractor agrees that any and all hiring by them
related to this Agreement shall be on the basis of merit and qualifications
and there shall be no discrimination on the basis of race, color, religious
creed, political ideas, gender, age, marital status, physical or mental
handicap, national origin or ancestry, by persons performing this contract.
Qualifications mean such abilities that are genuinely related to the
competent performance of the particular occupational task.
6. ATTORNEY'S FEES.
In the event either party brings a legal action under this agreement, the
prevailing party shall be entitled to its reasonable attorneys' fees and costs
in prosecuting or defending the action.
1.1
ATTEST:
CITY OF KALISPELL
CITY MANAGER
ATTEST:
Kalispell AWWTP Biosolids Management Plan
APPENDIX B
EPA PART 503 BIOSOLIDS RULE
eCFR Code of Federal Regulations
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Title 40 — Chapter I — Subchapter O — Part 503
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Title 40: Protection of Environment
PART 503—STANDARDS FOR THE USE OR DISPOSAL OF SEWAGE SLUDGE
Contents
Subpart A —General Provisions
§503.1 Purpose and applicability.
§5032 Compliance period.
§503.3 Permits and direct enforceability.
§503.4 Relationship to other regulations.
§503.5 Additional or more stringent requirements.
§503.6 Exclusions.
§503.7 Requirement for a person who prepares sewage sludge.
§503.8 Sampling and analysis.
§503.9 General definitions.
Subpart B—Land Application
§503.10 Applicability.
§503.11 Special definitions.
§503.12 General requirements.
§503.13 Pollutant limits.
§503.14 Management practices.
§503.15 Operational standards —pathogens and vector attraction reduction.
§503.16 Frequency of monitoring.
§503.17 Recordkeeping.
§503.18 Reporting.
Subpart C—Surface Disposal
§50320 Applicability.
§50321 Special definitions.
§503.22 General requirements.
§503.23 Pollutant limits (other than domestic septage).
§503.24 Management practices.
§50325 Operational standards —pathogens and vector attraction reduction.
§50326 Frequency of monitoring.
§50327 Recordkeeping.
§50328 Reporting.
Subpart D—Pathogens and Vector Attraction Reduction
§503.30 Scope.
§503.31 Special definitions.
§503.32 Pathogens.
§503.33 Vector attraction reduction.
Subpart E—Incineration
§503.40 Applicability.
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§503.41 Special definitions.
§503.42 General requirements.
§503.43 Pollutant limits.
§503.44 Operational standard —total hydrocarbons.
§503.45 Management practices.
§503.46 Frequency of monitoring.
§503.47 Recordkeeping.
§503.48 Reporting.
Appendix A to Part 503—Procedure To Determine the Annual Whole Sludge Application Rate for a Sewage Sludge
Appendix B to Part 503—Pathogen Treatment Processes
AUTHORITY: Sections 405 (d) and (e) of the Clean Water Act, as amended by Pub. L. 95-217, sec. 54(d), 91 Stat. 1591 (33
U.S.C. 1345 (d) and (e)); and Pub. L. 100-4, title IV, sec. 406 (a), (b), 101 Stat., 71, 72 (33 U.S.C. 1251 et seq.).
SOURCE: 58 FIR 9387, Feb. 19, 1993, unless otherwise noted
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Subpart A —General Provisions
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§503.1 Purpose and applicability.
(a) Purpose. (1) This part establishes standards, which consist of general requirements, pollutant limits,
management practices, and operational standards, for the final use or disposal of sewage sludge generated during the
treatment of domestic sewage in a treatment works. Standards are included in this part for sewage sludge applied to
the land, placed on a surface disposal site, or fired in a sewage sludge incinerator. Also included in this part are
pathogen and alternative vector attraction reduction requirements for sewage sludge applied to the land or placed on a
surface disposal site.
(2) In addition, the standards in this part include the frequency of monitoring and recordkeeping requirements when
sewage sludge is applied to the land, placed on a surface disposal site, or fired in a sewage sludge incinerator. Also
included in this part are reporting requirements for Class I sludge management facilities, publicly owned treatment works
(POTWs) with a design flow rate equal to or greater than one million gallons per day, and POTWs that serve 10,000
people or more.
(b) Applicability. (1) This part applies to any person who prepares sewage sludge, applies sewage sludge to the
land, or fires sewage sludge in a sewage sludge incinerator and to the owner/operator of a surface disposal site.
(2) This part applies to sewage sludge applied to the land, placed on a surface disposal site, or fired in a sewage
sludge incinerator.
(3) This part applies to the exit gas from a sewage sludge incinerator stack.
(4) This part applies to land where sewage sludge is applied, to a surface disposal site, and to a sewage sludge
incinerator.
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§503.2 Compliance period.
(a) Compliance with the standards in this part shall be achieved as expeditiously as practicable, but in no case
later than February 19, 1994. When compliance with the standards requires construction of new pollution control
facilities, compliance with the standards shall be achieved as expeditiously as practicable, but in no case later than
February 19, 1995.
(b) The requirements for frequency of monitoring, recordkeeping, and reporting in this part for total hydrocarbons in
the exit gas from a sewage sludge incinerator are effective February 19, 1994 or, if compliance with the operational
standard for total hydrocarbons in this part requires the construction of new pollution control facilities, February 19,
1995.
(c) All other requirements for frequency of monitoring, recordkeeping, and reporting in this part are effective on July
20, 1993.
(d) Unless otherwise specified in subpart E, compliance with the requirements in §§503.41(c) through (r), 503.43(c),
(d) and (e), 503.45(a)(1), (b) through (f), 503.46(a)(1), (a)(3), and (c), and 503.47(f) that were revised on September 3,
1999 shall be achieved as expeditiously as practicable, but in no case later than September 5, 2000. When new
pollution control facilities must be constructed to comply with the revised requirements in subpart E, compliance with
the revised requirements shall be achieved as expeditiously as practicable but no later than September 4, 2001.
[58 FIR 9387, Feb. 19, 1993, as amended at 64 FIR 42568, Aug. 4, 1999]
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§503.3 Permits and direct enforceability.
(a) Permits. The requirements in this part may be implemented through a permit:
(1) Issued to a "treatment works treating domestic sewage", as defined in 40 CFR 122.2, in accordance with 40
CFR parts 122 and 124 by EPA or by a State that has a State sludge management program approved by EPA in
accordance with 40 CFR part 123 or 40 CFR part 501 or
(2) Issued under subtitle C of the Solid Waste Disposal Act; part C of the Safe Drinking Water Act; the Marine
Protection, Research, and Sanctuaries Act of 1972; or the Clean Air Act. "Treatment works treating domestic sewage"
shall submit a permit application in accordance with either 40 CFR 122.21 or an approved State program.
(b) Direct enforceability. No person shall use or dispose of sewage sludge through any practice for which
requirements are established in this part except in accordance with such requirements.
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§503.4 Relationship to other regulations.
Disposal of sewage sludge in a municipal solid waste landfill unit, as defined in 40 CFR 258.2, that complies with
the requirements in 40 CFR part 258 constitutes compliance with section 405(d) of the CWA. Any person who prepares
sewage sludge that is disposed in a municipal solid waste landfill unit shall ensure that the sewage sludge meets the
requirements in 40 CFR part 258 concerning the quality of materials disposed in a municipal solid waste landfill unit.
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§503.5 Additional or more stringent requirements.
(a) On a case -by -case basis, the permitting authority may impose requirements for the use or disposal of sewage
sludge in addition to or more stringent than the requirements in this part when necessary to protect public health and
the environment from any adverse effect of a pollutant in the sewage sludge.
(b) Nothing in this part precludes a State or political subdivision thereof or interstate agency from imposing
requirements for the use or disposal of sewage sludge more stringent than the requirements in this part or from
imposing additional requirements for the use or disposal of sewage sludge.
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§503.6 Exclusions.
(a) Treatment processes. This part does not establish requirements for processes used to treat domestic sewage
or for processes used to treat sewage sludge prior to final use or disposal, except as provided in §503.32 and §503.33.
(b) Selection of a use or disposal practice. This part does not require the selection of a sewage sludge use or
disposal practice. The determination of the manner in which sewage sludge is used or disposed is a local
determination.
(c) Co -firing of sewage sludge. This part does not establish requirements for sewage sludge co -fired in an
{ incinerator with other wastes or for the incinerator in which sewage sludge and other wastes are co -fired. Other wastes
do not include auxiliary fuel, as defined in 40 CFR 503.41(b), fired in a sewage sludge incinerator.
(d) Sludge generated at an industrial facility. This part does not establish requirements for the use or disposal of
sludge generated at an industrial facility during the treatment of industrial wastewater, including sewage sludge
generated during the treatment of industrial wastewater combined with domestic sewage.
(e) Hazardous sewage sludge. This part does not establish requirements for the use or disposal of sewage sludge
determined to be hazardous in accordance with 40 CFR part 261.
(f) Sewage sludge with high PCB concentration. This part does not establish requirements for the use or disposal
of sewage sludge with a concentration of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) equal to or greater than 50 milligrams per
kilogram of total solids (dry weight basis).
(g) Incinerator ash. This part does not establish requirements for the use or disposal of ash generated during the
firing of sewage sludge in a sewage sludge incinerator.
(h) Grit and screenings. This part does not establish requirements for the use or disposal of grit (e.g., sand, gravel,
cinders, or other materials with a high specific gravity) or screenings (e.g., relatively large materials such as rags)
generated during preliminary treatment of domestic sewage in a treatment works.
(i) Drinking water treatment sludge. This part does not establish requirements for the use or disposal of sludge
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generated during the treatment of either surface water or ground water used for drinking water.
Q) Commercial and industrial septage. This part does not establish requirements for the use or disposal of
commercial septage, industrial septage, a mixture of domestic septage and commercial septage, or a mixture of
domestic septage and industrial septage.
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§503.7 Requirement for a person who prepares sewage sludge.
Any person who prepares sewage sludge shall ensure that the applicable requirements in this part are met when
the sewage sludge is applied to the land, placed on a surface disposal site, or fired in a sewage sludge incinerator.
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§503.8 Sampling and analysis.
(a) Sampling. Representative samples of sewage sludge that is applied to the land, placed on a surface disposal
site, or fired in a sewage sludge incinerator shall be collected and analyzed.
(b) Methods. The materials listed below are incorporated by reference in this part. These incorporations by
reference were approved by the Director of the Federal Register in accordance with 5 U.S.C. 552(a) and 1 CFR part
51. The materials are incorporated as they exist on the date of approval, and notice of any change in these materials
will be published in the FEDERAL REGISTER. They are available for inspection at the HQ Water Docket Center, EPA/DC,
EPA West, Room B102, 1301 Constitution Ave., NW., Washington, DC, and at the National Archives and Records
Administration (NARA). For information on the availability of this material at NARA, call 202-741-6030,..., or go to:
http://www.archives.gov/federal register/code _of federal regulations/ibr locations.html. Copies may be obtained from
the standard producer or publisher listed in the regulation. The methods in the materials listed below (or in 40 CFR part
136) shall be used to analyze samples of sewage sludge.
(1) Enteric viruses. ASTM Designation: D 4994-89, "Standard Practice for Recovery of Viruses From Wastewater
Sludges", 1992 Annual Book of ASTM Standards: Section 11—Water and Environmental Technology, ASTM, 1916
Race Street, Philadelphia, PA 19103-1187.
(2) Fecal coliform. Part 9221 E. or Part 9222 D., "Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater",
18th Edition, 1992, American Public Health Association, 1015 15th Street, NW., Washington, DC 20005.
(3) Helminth ova. Yanko, W.A., "Occurrence of Pathogens in Distribution and Marketing Municipal Sludges", EPA
600/1-87-014, 1987. National Technical Information Service, 5285 Port Royal Road, Springfield, Virginia 22161 (PB 88-
154273/AS ).
(4) Inorganic pollutants. "Test Methods for Evaluating Solid Waste, Physical/Chemical Methods", EPA Publication
SW-846, Second Edition (1982) with Updates I (April 1984) and II (April 1985) and Third Edition (November 1986) with
Revision I (December 1987). Second Edition and Updates I and II are available from the National Technical Information
Service, 5285 Port Royal Road, Springfield, Virginia 22161 (PB-87-120-291). Third Edition and Revision I are available
from Superintendent of Documents, Government Printing Office, 941 North Capitol Street, NE., Washington, DC 20002
(Document Number 955-001-00000-1).
(5) Salmonella sp. bacteria. Part 9260 D., "Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater", 18th
Edition, 1992, American Public Health Association, 1015 15th Street, NW., Washington, DC 20005; or
Kenner, B.A. and H.P. Clark, "Detection and enumeration of Salmonella and Pseudomonas aeruginosa", Journal of
the Water Pollution Control Federation, Vol. 46, no. 9, September 1974, pp. 2163-2171. Water Environment Federation,
601 Wythe Street, Alexandria, Virginia 22314.
(6) Specific oxygen uptake rate. Part 2710 B., "Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater",
18th Edition, 1992, American Public Health Association, 1015 15th Street, NW., Washington, DC 20005.
(7) Total, fixed, and volatile solids. Part 2540 G., "Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and
Wastewater", 18th Edition, 1992, American Public Health Association, 1015 15th Street, NW., Washington, DC 20005.
[58 FR 9387, Feb. 19, 1993, as amended at 69 FR 18803, Apr. 9, 2004; 72 FR 14233, Mar. 26, 2007]
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§503.9 General definitions.
(a) Apply sewage sludge or sewage sludge applied to the land means land application of sewage sludge.
(b) Base flood is a flood that has a one percent chance of occurring in any given year (i.e., a flood with a
magnitude equalled once in 100 years).
(c) Class 1 sludge management facility is any publicly owned treatment works (POTW), as defined in 40 CFR 501.2,
required to have an approved pretreatment program under 40 CFR 403.8(a) (including any POTW located in a State
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that has elected to assume local program responsibilities pursuant to 40 CFR 403.10(e)) and any treatment works
treating domestic sewage, as defined in 40 CFR 122.2, classified as a Class I sludge management facility by the EPA
Regional Administrator, or, in the case of approved State programs, the Regional Administrator in conjunction with the
State Director, because of the potential for its sewage sludge use or disposal practice to affect public health and the
environment adversely.
(d) Cover crop is a small grain crop, such as oats, wheat, or barley, not grown for harvest.
(e) CWA means the Clean Water Act (formerly referred to as either the Federal Water Pollution Act or the Federal
Water Pollution Control Act Amendments of 1972), Public Law 92-500, as amended by Public Law 95-217, Public Law
95-576, Public Law 96-483, Public Law 97-117, and Public Law 100-4.
(f) Domestic septage is either liquid or solid material removed from a septic tank, cesspool, portable toilet, Type III
marine sanitation device, or similar treatment works that receives only domestic sewage. Domestic septage does not
include liquid or solid material removed from a septic tank, cesspool, or similar treatment works that receives either
commercial wastewater or industrial wastewater and does not include grease removed from a grease trap at a
restaurant.
(g) Domestic sewage is waste and wastewater from humans or household operations that is discharged to or
otherwise enters a treatment works.
(h) Dry weight basis means calculated on the basis of having been dried at 105 degrees Celsius until reaching a
constant mass (i.e., essentially 100 percent solids content).
(i) EPA means the United States Environmental Protection Agency.
Q) Feed crops are crops produced primarily for consumption by animals.
(k) Fiber crops are crops such as flax and cotton.
(1) Food crops are crops consumed by humans. These include, but are not limited to, fruits, vegetables, and
tobacco.
(m) Ground water is water below the land surface in the saturated zone.
(n) Industrial wastewater is wastewater generated in a commercial or industrial process.
(o) Municipality means a city, town, borough, county, parish, district, association, or other public body (including an
intermunicipal Agency of two or more of the foregoing entities) created by or under State law; an Indian tribe or an
authorized Indian tribal organization having jurisdiction over sewage sludge management; or a designated and approved
management Agency under section 208 of the CWA, as amended. The definition includes a special district created
under State law, such as a water district, sewer district, sanitary district, utility district, drainage district, or similar entity,
or an integrated waste management facility as defined in section 201(e) of the CWA, as amended, that has as one of its
principal responsibilities the treatment, transport, use, or disposal of sewage sludge.
(p) Permitting authority is either EPA or a State with an EPA -approved sludge management program.
(q) Person is an individual, association, partnership, corporation, municipality, State or Federal agency, or an agent
or employee thereof.
(r) Person who prepares sewage sludge is either the person who generates sewage sludge during the treatment of
domestic sewage in a treatment works or the person who derives a material from sewage sludge.
(s) Place sewage sludge or sewage sludge placed means disposal of sewage sludge on a surface disposal site.
(t) Pollutant is an organic substance, an inorganic substance, a combination of organic and inorganic substances,
or a pathogenic organism that, after discharge and upon exposure, ingestion, inhalation, or assimilation into an
organism either directly from the environment or indirectly by ingestion through the food chain, could, on the basis of
information available to the Administrator of EPA, cause death, disease, behavioral abnormalities, cancer, genetic
mutations, physiological malfunctions (including malfunction in reproduction), or physical deformations in either
organisms or offspring of the organisms.
(u) Pollutant limit is a numerical value that describes the amount of a pollutant allowed per unit amount of sewage
sludge (e.g., milligrams per kilogram of total solids); the amount of a pollutant that can be applied to a unit area of land
(e.g., kilograms per hectare); or the volume of a material that can be applied to a unit area of land (e.g., gallons per
acre).
(v) Runoff is rainwater, leachate, or other liquid that drains overland on any part of a land surface and runs off of
the land surface.
(w) Sewage sludge is solid, semi -solid, or liquid residue generated during the treatment of domestic sewage in a
treatment works. Sewage sludge includes, but is not limited to, domestic septage; scum or solids removed in primary,
secondary, or advanced wastewater treatment processes; and a material derived from sewage sludge. Sewage sludge
does not include ash generated during the firing of sewage sludge in a sewage sludge incinerator or grit and
screenings generated during preliminary treatment of domestic sewage in a treatment works.
(x) State is one of the United States of America, the District of Columbia, the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, the
Virgin Islands, Guam, American Samoa, the Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands, the Commonwealth of the Northern
Mariana Islands, and an Indian Tribe eligible for treatment as a State pursuant to regulations promulgated under the
authority of section 518(e) of the CWA.
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(y) Store or storage of sewage sludge is the placement of sewage sludge on land on which the sewage sludge
remains for two years or less. This does not include the placement of sewage sludge on land for treatment.
(z) Treat or treatment of sewage sludge is the preparation of sewage sludge for final use or disposal. This includes,
but is not limited to, thickening, stabilization, and dewatering of sewage sludge. This does not include storage of
sewage sludge.
(aa) Treatment works is either a federally owned, publicly owned, or privately owned device or system used to treat
(including recycle and reclaim) either domestic sewage or a combination of domestic sewage and industrial waste of a
liquid nature.
(bb) Wetlands means those areas that are inundated or saturated by surface water or ground water at a frequency
and duration to support, and that under normal circumstances do support, a prevalence of vegetation typically adapted
for life in saturated soil conditions. Wetlands generally include swamps, marshes, bogs, and similar areas.
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Subpart B-Land Application
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§503.10 Applicability.
(a) This subpart applies to any person who prepares sewage sludge that is applied to the land, to any person who
applies sewage sludge to the land, to sewage sludge applied to the land, and to the land on which sewage sludge is
applied.
(b)(1) Bulk sewage sludge. The general requirements in §503.12 and the management practices in §503.14 do not
apply when bulk sewage sludge is applied to the land if the bulk sewage sludge meets the ceiling concentrations in
Table 1 of §503.13 and the pollutant concentrations in Table 3 of §503.13; the Class A pathogen requirements in
§503.32(a); and one of the vector attraction reduction requirements in §503.33(b)(1) through (b)(8).
(2) The Regional Administrator of EPA or, in the case of a State with an approved sludge management program,
the State Director, may apply any or all of the general requirements in §503.12 and the management practices in
§503.14 to the bulk sewage sludge in §503.10(b)(1) on a case -by -case basis after determining that the general
requirements or management practices are needed to protect public health and the environment from any reasonably
anticipated adverse effect that may occur from any pollutant in the bulk sewage sludge.
(c)(1) The general requirements in §503.12 and the management practices in §503.14 do not apply when a bulk
material derived from sewage sludge is applied to the land if the derived bulk material meets the ceiling concentrations
in Table 1 of §503.13 and the pollutant concentrations in Table 3 of §503.13; the Class A pathogen requirements in
§503.32(a); and one of the vector attraction reduction requirements in §503.33(b)(1) through (b)(8).
(2) The Regional Administrator of EPA or, in the case of a State with an approved sludge management program,
the State Director, may apply any or all of the general requirements in §503.12 or the management practices in
§503.14 to the bulk material in §503.10(c)(1) on a case -by -case basis after determining that the general requirements
or management practices are needed to protect public health and the environment from any reasonably anticipated
adverse effect that may occur from any pollutant in the bulk sewage sludge.
(d) The requirements in this subpart do not apply when a bulk material derived from sewage sludge is applied to
the land if the sewage sludge from which the bulk material is derived meets the ceiling concentrations in Table 1 of
§503.13 and the pollutant concentrations in Table 3 of §503.13; the Class A pathogen requirements in §503.32(a); and
one of the vector attraction reduction requirements in §503.33(b)(1) through (b)(8).
(e) Sewage sludge sold or given away in a bag or other container for application to the land. The general
requirements in §503.12 and the management practices in §503.14 do not apply when sewage sludge is sold or given
away in a bag or other container for application to the land if the sewage sludge sold or given away in a bag or other
container for application to the land meets the ceiling concentrations in Table 1 of §503.13 and the pollutant
concentrations in Table 3 of §503.13; the Class A pathogen requirements in §503.32(a); and one of the vector attraction
reduction requirements in §503.33(b)(1) through (b)(8).
(f) The general requirements in §503.12 and the management practices in §503.14 do not apply when a material
derived from sewage sludge is sold or given away in a bag or other container for application to the land if the derived
material meets the ceiling concentrations in Table 1 of §503.13 and the pollutant concentrations in Table 3 of §503.13;
the Class A pathogen requirements in §503.32(a); and one of the vector attraction reduction requirements in
§503.33(b)(1)through (b)(8).
(g) The requirements in this subpart do not apply when a material derived from sewage sludge is sold or given
away in a bag or other container for application to the land if the sewage sludge from which the material is derived
meets the ceiling concentrations in Table 1 of §503.13 and the pollutant concentrations in Table 3 of §503.13; the Class
A pathogen requirements in §503.32(a); and one of the vector attraction reduction requirements in §503.33 (b)(1)
through (b)(8).
[58 FR 9387, Feb. 19, 1993, as amended at 64 FR 42568, Aug. 4, 1999]
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§503.11 Special definitions.
(a) Agricultural land is land on which a food crop, a feed crop, or a fiber crop is grown. This includes range land
and land used as pasture.
(b) Agronomic rate is the whole sludge application rate (dry weight basis) designed:
(1) To provide the amount of nitrogen needed by the food crop, feed crop, fiber crop, cover crop, or vegetation
grown on the land; and
(2) To minimize the amount of nitrogen in the sewage sludge that passes below the root zone of the crop or
vegetation grown on the land to the ground water.
(c) Annual pollutant loading rate is the maximum amount of a pollutant that can be applied to a unit area of land
during a 365 day period.
(d) Annual whole sludge application rate is the maximum amount of sewage sludge (dry weight basis) that can be
applied to a unit area of land during a 365 day period.
(e) Bulk sewage sludge is sewage sludge that is not sold or given away in a bag or other container for application
to the land.
(f) Cumulative pollutant loading rate is the maximum amount of an inorganic pollutant that can be applied to an
area of land.
(g) Forest is a tract of land thick with trees and underbrush.
(h) Land application is the spraying or spreading of sewage sludge onto the land surface; the injection of sewage
sludge below the land surface; or the incorporation of sewage sludge into the soil so that the sewage sludge can either
condition the soil or fertilize crops or vegetation grown in the soil.
(i) Monthly average is the arithmetic mean of all measurements taken during the month.
Q) Other container is either an open or closed receptacle. This includes, but is not limited to, a bucket, a box, a
carton, and a vehicle or trailer with a load capacity of one metric ton or less.
(k) Pasture is land on which animals feed directly on feed crops such as legumes, grasses, grain stubble, or stover.
(1) Public contact site is land with a high potential for contact by the public. This includes, but is not limited to,
public parks, ball fields, cemeteries, plant nurseries, turf farms, and golf courses.
(m) Range land is open land with indigenous vegetation.
(n) Reclamation site is drastically disturbed land that is reclaimed using sewage sludge. This includes, but is not
limited to, strip mines and construction sites.
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§503.12 General requirements.
(a) No person shall apply sewage sludge to the land except in accordance with the requirements in this subpart.
(b) No person shall apply bulk sewage sludge subject to the cumulative pollutant loading rates in §503.13(b)(2) to
agricultural land, forest, a public contact site, or a reclamation site if any of the cumulative pollutant loading rates in
§503.13(b)(2) has been reached.
(c) No person shall apply domestic septage to agricultural land, forest, or a reclamation site during a 365 day
period if the annual application rate in §503.13(c) has been reached during that period.
(d) The person who prepares bulk sewage sludge that is applied to agricultural land, forest, a public contact site, or
a reclamation site shall provide the person who applies the bulk sewage sludge written notification of the concentration
of total nitrogen (as N on a dry weight basis) in the bulk sewage sludge.
(e)(1) The person who applies sewage sludge to the land shall obtain information needed to comply with the
requirements in this subpart.
(2)(i) Before bulk sewage sludge subject to the cumulative pollutant loading rates in §503.13(b)(2) is applied to the
land, the person who proposes to apply the bulk sewage sludge shall contact the permitting authority for the State in
which the bulk sewage sludge will be applied to determine whether bulk sewage sludge subject to the cumulative
pollutant loading rates in §503.13(b)(2) has been applied to the site since July 20, 1993.
(ii) If bulk sewage sludge subject to the cumulative pollutant loading rates in §503.13(b)(2) has not been applied to
the site since July 20, 1993, the cumulative amount for each pollutant listed in Table 2 of §503.13 may be applied to
the site in accordance with §503.13(a)(2)(i).
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(iii) If bulk sewage sludge subject to the cumulative pollutant loading rates in §503.13(b)(2) has been applied to the
site since July 20, 1993, and the cumulative amount of each pollutant applied to the site in the bulk sewage sludge
since that date is known, the cumulative amount of each pollutant applied to the site shall be used to determine the
additional amount of each pollutant that can be applied to the site in accordance with §503.13(a)(2)(i).
(iv) If bulk sewage sludge subject to the cumulative pollutant loading rates in §503.13(b)(2) has been applied to the
site since July 20, 1993, and the cumulative amount of each pollutant applied to the site in the bulk sewage sludge
since that date is not known, an additional amount of each pollutant shall not be applied to the site in accordance with
§503.13(a)(2)(i).
(f) When a person who prepares bulk sewage sludge provides the bulk sewage sludge to a person who applies the
bulk sewage sludge to the land, the person who prepares the bulk sewage sludge shall provide the person who applies
the sewage sludge notice and necessary information to comply with the requirements in this subpart.
(g) When a person who prepares sewage sludge provides the sewage sludge to another person who prepares the
sewage sludge, the person who provides the sewage sludge shall provide the person who receives the sewage sludge
notice and necessary information to comply with the requirements in this subpart.
(h) The person who applies bulk sewage sludge to the land shall provide the owner or lease holder of the land on
which the bulk sewage sludge is applied notice and necessary information to comply with the requirements in this
subpart.
(i) Any person who prepares bulk sewage sludge that is applied to land in a State other than the State in which the
bulk sewage sludge is prepared shall provide written notice, prior to the initial application of bulk sewage sludge to the
land application site by the applier, to the permitting authority for the State in which the bulk sewage sludge is
proposed to be applied. The notice shall include:
(1) The location, by either street address or latitude and longitude, of each land application site.
(2) The approximate time period bulk sewage sludge will be applied to the site.
(3) The name, address, telephone number, and National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System permit number (if
appropriate) for the person who prepares the bulk sewage sludge.
(4) The name, address, telephone number, and National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System permit number (if
appropriate) for the person who will apply the bulk sewage sludge.
Q) Any person who applies bulk sewage sludge subject to the cumulative pollutant loading rates in §503.13(b)(2) to
the land shall provide written notice, prior to the initial application of bulk sewage sludge to a land application site by
the applier, to the permitting authority for the State in which the bulk sewage sludge will be applied and the permitting
authority shall retain and provide access to the notice. The notice shall include:
(1) The location, by either street address or latitude and longitude, of the land application site.
(2) The name, address, telephone number, and National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System permit number (if
appropriate) of the person who will apply the bulk sewage sludge.
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§503.13 Pollutant limits.
(a) Sewage sludge. (1) Bulk sewage sludge or sewage sludge sold or given away in a bag or other container shall
not be applied to the land if the concentration of any pollutant in the sewage sludge exceeds the ceiling concentration
for the pollutant in Table 1 of §503.13.
(2) If bulk sewage sludge is applied to agricultural land, forest, a public contact site, or a reclamation site, either:
(i) The cumulative loading rate for each pollutant shall not exceed the cumulative pollutant loading rate for the
pollutant in Table 2 of §503.13; or
(ii) The concentration of each pollutant in the sewage sludge shall not exceed the concentration for the pollutant in
Table 3 of §503.13.
(3) If bulk sewage sludge is applied to a lawn or a home garden, the concentration of each pollutant in the sewage
sludge shall not exceed the concentration for the pollutant in Table 3 of §503.13.
(4) If sewage sludge is sold or given away in a bag or other container for application to the land, either:
(i) The concentration of each pollutant in the sewage sludge shall not exceed the concentration for the pollutant in
Table 3 of §503.13; or
(ii) The product of the concentration of each pollutant in the sewage sludge and the annual whole sludge
application rate for the sewage sludge shall not cause the annual pollutant loading rate for the pollutant in Table 4 of
§503.13 to be exceeded. The procedure used to determine the annual whole sludge application rate is presented in
appendix A of this part.
(b) Pollutant concentrations and loading rates —sewage sludge—(1) Ceiling concentrations.
TABLE 1 OF §503.13—CEILING CONCENlRA-nONS
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Pollutant
Ceiling concentration (milligrams per kilogram)'
Arsenic
75
Cadmium
85
Copper
4300
Lead
840
Mercury
57
Molybdenum
75
Nickel
420
Selenium
100
Zinc
7500
1 Dry weight basis.
(2) Cumulative pollutant loading rates.
TABLE 2 OF §503.13—CUMULATIVE POLLUTANT LOADING RATES
Pollutant
Cumulative pollutant loading rate (kilograms per hectare)
Arsenic
41
Cadmium
39
Copper
1500
Lead
300
Mercury
17
Nickel
420
Selenium
100
Zinc
2800
(3) Pollutant concentrations.
TABLE 3 OF §503.13—POLLU7AN7 CONCENTRATIONS
Pollutant
Monthly average concentration (milligrams per kilogram)'
Arsenic
41
Cadmium
39
Copper
1500
Lead
300
Mercury
17
Nickel
420
Selenium
100
Zinc
2800
1 Dry weight basis.
(4) Annual pollutant loading rates.
TABLE 4 OF §503.13—ANNUAL POLLUTANT LOADING RATES
Pollutant
Annual pollutant loading rate (kilograms per hectare per 365 day period)
Arsenic
2.0
Cadmium
1.9
Copper
75
Lead
15
Mercury
0.85
Nickel
21
Selenium
1 5.0
Zinc
1 140
(c) Domestic septage. The annual application rate for domestic septage applied to agricultural land, forest, or a
reclamation site shall not exceed the annual application rate calculated using equation (1).
AAR = N Eq. (1)
0.0026
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Where:
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eCFR Code of Federal Regulations
AAR = Annual application rate in gallons per acre per 365 day period.
N = Amount of nitrogen in pounds per acre per 365 day period needed by the crop or vegetation grown on the land.
[58 FR 9387, Feb. 19, 1993, as amended at 58 FR 9099, Feb. 25, 1994; 60 FR 54769, Oct. 25, 1995]
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§503.14 Management practices.
(a) Bulk sewage sludge shall not be applied to the land if it is likely to adversely affect a threatened or endangered
species listed under section 4 of the Endangered Species Act or its designated critical habitat.
(b) Bulk sewage sludge shall not be applied to agricultural land, forest, a public contact site, or a reclamation site
that is flooded, frozen, or snow-covered so that the bulk sewage sludge enters a wetland or other waters of the United
States, as defined in 40 CFR 122.2, except as provided in a permit issued pursuant to section 402 or 404 of the CWA.
(c) Bulk sewage sludge shall not be applied to agricultural land, forest, or a reclamation site that is 10 meters or
less from waters of the United States, as defined in 40 CFR 122.2, unless otherwise specified by the permitting
authority.
(d) Bulk sewage sludge shall be applied to agricultural land, forest, a public contact site, or a reclamation site at a
whole sludge application rate that is equal to or less than the agronomic rate for the bulk sewage sludge, unless, in the
case of a reclamation site, otherwise specified by the permitting authority.
(e) Either a label shall be affixed to the bag or other container in which sewage sludge that is sold or given away
for application to the land, or an information sheet shall be provided to the person who receives sewage sludge sold or
given away in an other container for application to the land. The label or information sheet shall contain the following
information:
(1) The name and address of the person who prepared the sewage sludge that is sold or given away in a bag or
other container for application to the land.
(2) A statement that application of the sewage sludge to the land is prohibited except in accordance with the
instructions on the label or information sheet.
(3) The annual whole sludge application rate for the sewage sludge that does not cause any of the annual pollutant
loading rates in Table 4 of §503.13 to be exceeded.
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§503.15 Operational standards —pathogens and vector attraction reduction.
(a) Pathogens —sewage sludge. (1) The Class A pathogen requirements in §503.32(a) or the Class B pathogen
requirements and site restrictions in §503.32(b) shall be met when bulk sewage sludge is applied to agricultural land,
forest, a public contact site, or a reclamation site.
(2) The Class A pathogen requirements in §503.32(a) shall be met when bulk sewage sludge is applied to a lawn
or a home garden.
(3) The Class A pathogen requirements in §503.32(a) shall be met when sewage sludge is sold or given away in a
bag or other container for application to the land.
(b) Pathogens —domestic septage. The requirements in either §503.32 (c)(1) or (c)(2) shall be met when domestic
septage is applied to agricultural land, forest, or a reclamation site.
(c) Vector attraction reduction —sewage sludge. (1) One of the vector attraction reduction requirements in §503.33
(b)(1) through (b)(10) shall be met when bulk sewage sludge is applied to agricultural land, forest, a public contact site,
or a reclamation site.
(2) One of the vector attraction reduction requirements in §503.33 (b)(1) through (b)(8) shall be met when bulk
sewage sludge is applied to a lawn or a home garden.
(3) One of the vector attraction reduction requirements in §503.33 (b)(1) through (b)(8) shall be met when sewage
sludge is sold or given away in a bag or other container for application to the land.
(d) Vector attraction reduction —domestic septage. The vector attraction reduction requirements in §503.33(b)(9),
(b)(10), or (b)(12) shall be met when domestic septage is applied to agricultural land, forest, or a reclamation site.
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§503.16 Frequency of monitoring.
(a) Sewage sludge. (1) The frequency of monitoring for the pollutants listed in Table 1, Table 2, Table 3 and Table
4 of §503.13; the pathogen density requirements in §503.32(a) and §503.32(b)(2); and the vector attraction reduction
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requirements in §503.33 (b)(1) through (b)(4) and §503.33 (b)(7) through (b)(8) shall be the frequency in Table 1 of
§503.16.
TABLE 1 OF §503.16—FREQUENCY OF MONITORING —LAND APPLICAl1ON
Amount of sewage sludge' (metric tons per 365 day period)
Frequency
Greater than zero but less than 290
Once per year.
Equal to or greater than 290 but less than 1,500
Once per quarter (four times per year).
Equal to or greater than 1,500 but less than 15,000
Once per 60 days (six times per year).
Equal to or greater than 15,000
Once per month (12 times per year).
1 Either the amount of bulk sewage sludge applied to the land or the amount of sewage sludge prepared for sale or
give-away in a bag or other container for application to the land (dry weight basis).
(2) After the sewage sludge has been monitored for two years at the frequency in Table 1 of §503.16, the
permitting authority may reduce the frequency of monitoring for pollutant concentrations and for the pathogen density
requirements in §503.32(a)(5)(ii) and (a)(5)(iii).
(b) Domestic septage. If either the pathogen requirements in §503.32(c)(2) or the vector attraction reduction
requirements in §503.33(b)(12) are met when domestic septage is applied to agricultural land, forest, or a reclamation
site, each container of domestic septage applied to the land shall be monitored for compliance with those requirements.
(Approved by the Office of Management and Budget under control number 2040-0157)
[58 FR 9387, Feb. 19, 1993, as amended at 64 FR 42569, Aug. 4, 1999]
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§503.17 Recordkeeping.
(a) Sewage sludge. (1) The person who prepares the sewage sludge in §503.10(b)(1) or (e) shall develop the
following information and shall retain the information for five years:
(i) The concentration of each pollutant listed in Table 3 of §503.13 in the sewage sludge.
(ii) The following certification statement:
I certify, under penalty of law, that the information that will be used to determine compliance with the Class A pathogen
requirements in §503.32(a) and the vector attraction reduction requirement in [insert one of the vector attraction reduction
requirements in §503.33(b)(1) through §503.33(b)(8)] was prepared under my direction and supervision in accordance with the
system designed to ensure that qualified personnel properly gather and evaluate this information. I am aware that there are
significant penalties for false certification including the possibility of fine and imprisonment.
(iii) A description of how the Class A pathogen requirements in §503.32(a) are met.
(iv) A description of how one of the vector attraction reduction requirements in §503.33 (b)(1) through (b)(8) is met.
(2) The person who derives the material in §503.10 (c)(1) or (f) shall develop the following information and shall
retain the information for five years:
(i) The concentration of each pollutant listed in Table 3 of §503.13 in the material.
(ii) The following certification statement:
I certify, under penalty of law, that the information that will be used to determine compliance with the Class A pathogen
requirements in §503.32(a) and the vector attraction reduction requirement in (insert one of the vector attraction reduction
requirements in §503.33(b)(1) through (b)(8)) was prepared under my direction and supervision in accordance with the system
designed to ensure that qualified personnel properly gather and evaluate this information. I am aware that there are significant
penalties for false certification including the possibility of fine and imprisonment.
(iii) A description of how the Class A pathogen requirements in §503.32(a) are met.
(iv) A description of how one of the vector attraction reduction requirements in §503.33 (b)(1) through (b)(8) is met.
(3) If the pollutant concentrations in §503.13(b)(3), the Class A pathogen requirements in §503.32(a), and the
vector attraction reduction requirements in either §503.33 (b)(9) or (b)(10) are met when bulk sewage sludge is applied
to agricultural land, forest, a public contact site, or a reclamation site:
(i) The person who prepares the bulk sewage sludge shall develop the following information and shall retain the
information for five years.
(A) The concentration of each pollutant listed in Table 3 of §503.13 in the bulk sewage sludge.
(B) The following certification statement:
I certify, under penalty of law, that the information that will be used to determine compliance with the Class A pathogen
requirements in §503.32(a) was prepared under my direction and supervision in accordance with the system designed to ensure
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that qualified personnel properly gather and evaluate this information. I am aware that there are significant penalties for false
certification including the possibility of fine and imprisonment.
(C) A description of how the pathogen requirements in §503.32(a) are met.
(ii) The person who applies the bulk sewage sludge shall develop the following information and shall retain the
information for five years.
(A) The following certification statement:
I certify, under penalty of law, that the information that will be used to determine compliance with the management practices in
§503.14 and the vector attraction reduction requirement in (insert either §503.33(b)(9) or (b)(10)) was prepared under my direction
and supervision in accordance with the system designed to ensure that qualified personnel properly gather and evaluate this
information. I am aware that there are significant penalties for false certification including the possibility of fine and imprisonment.
(B) A description of how the management practices in §503.14 are met for each site on which bulk sewage sludge
is applied.
(C) A description of how the vector attraction reduction requirements in either §503.33(b)(9) or (b)(10) are met for
each site on which bulk sewage sludge is applied.
(4) If the pollutant concentrations in §503.13(b)(3) and the Class B pathogen requirements in §503.32(b) are met
when bulk sewage sludge is applied to agricultural land, forest, a public contact site, or a reclamation site:
(i) The person who prepares the bulk sewage sludge shall develop the following information and shall retain the
information for five years:
(A) The concentration of each pollutant listed in Table 3 of §503.13 in the bulk sewage sludge.
(B) The following certification statement:
I certify, under penalty of law, that the information that will be used to determine compliance with the Class B pathogen
requirements in §503.32(b) and the vector attraction reduction requirement in (insert one of the vector attraction reduction
requirements in §503.33(b)(1) through (b)(8)if one of those requirements is met) was prepared under my direction and supervision
in accordance with the system designed to ensure that qualified personnel properly gather and evaluate this information. I am
aware that there are significant penalties for false certification including the possibility of fine and imprisonment.
(C) A description of how the Class B pathogen requirements in §503.32(b) are met.
(D) When one of the vector attraction reduction requirements in §503.33 (b)(1) through (b)(8) is met, a description
of how the vector attraction reduction requirement is met.
(ii) The person who applies the bulk sewage sludge shall develop the following information and shall retain the
information for five years.
(A) The following certification statement:
I certify, under penalty of law, that the information that will be used to determine compliance with the management practices in
§503.14, the site restrictions in §503.32(b)(5), and the vector attraction reduction requirement in (insert either §503.33(b)(9) or
(b)(10) if one of those requirements is met) was prepared for each site on which bulk sewage sludge is applied under my direction
and supervision in accordance with the system designed to ensure that qualified personnel properly gather and evaluate this
information. I am aware that there are significant penalties for false certification including the possibility of fine and imprisonment.
(B) A description of how the management practices in §503.14 are met for each site on which bulk sewage sludge
is applied.
(C) A description of how the site restrictions in §503.32(b)(5) are met for each site on which bulk sewage sludge is
applied.
(D) When the vector attraction reduction requirement in either §503.33 (b)(9) or (b)(10) is met, a description of how
the vector attraction reduction requirement is met.
(E) The date bulk sewage sludge is applied to each site.
(5) If the requirements in §503.13(a)(2)(i) are met when bulk sewage sludge is applied to agricultural land, forest, a
public contact site, or a reclamation site:
(i) The person who prepares the bulk sewage sludge shall develop the following information and shall retain the
information for five years.
(A) The concentration of each pollutant listed in Table 1 of §503.13 in the bulk sewage sludge.
(B) The following certification statement:
I certify, under penalty of law, that the information that will be used to determine compliance with the pathogen requirements in
(insert either §503.32(a) or §503.32(b)) and the vector attraction reduction requirement in (insert one of the vector attraction
reduction requirements in §503.33(b)(1) through (b)(8) if one of those requirements is met) was prepared under my direction and
supervision in accordance with the system designed to ensure that qualified personnel properly gather and evaluate this
information. I am aware that there are significant penalties for false certification including the possibility of fine and imprisonment.
(C) A description of how the pathogen requirements in either §503.32 (a) or (b) are met.
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(D) When one of the vector attraction requirements in §503.33 (b)(1) through (b)(8) is met, a description of how the
vector attraction requirement is met.
(ii) The person who applies the bulk sewage sludge shall develop the following information, retain the information in
§503.17 (a)(5)(ii)(A) through (a)(5)(ii)(G) indefinitely, and retain the information in §503.17 (a)(5)(ii)(H) through
(a)(5)(ii)(M) for five years.
(A) The location, by either street address or latitude and longitude, of each site on which bulk sewage sludge is
applied.
(B) The number of hectares in each site on which bulk sewage sludge is applied.
(C) The date bulk sewage sludge is applied to each site.
(D) The cumulative amount of each pollutant (i.e., kilograms) listed in Table 2 of §503.13 in the bulk sewage
sludge applied to each site, including the amount in §503.12(e)(2)(iii).
(E) The amount of sewage sludge (i.e., metric tons) applied to each site.
(F) The following certification statement:
I certify, under penalty of law, that the information that will be used to determine compliance with the requirement to obtain
information in §503.12(e)(2) was prepared for each site on which bulk sewage sludge was applied under my direction and
supervision in accordance with the system designed to ensure that qualified personnel properly gather and evaluate this
information. I am aware that there are significant penalties for false certification including the possibility of fine and imprisonment.
(G) A description of how the requirements to obtain information in §503.12(e)(2) are met.
(H) The following certification statement:
I certify, under penalty of law, that the information that will be used to determine compliance with the management practices in
§503.14 was prepared for each site on which bulk sewage sludge was applied under my direction and supervision in accordance
with the system designed to ensure that qualified personnel properly gather and evaluate this information. I am aware that there are
significant penalties for false certification including the possibility of fine and imprisonment.
(1) A description of how the management practices in §503.14 are met for each site on which bulk sewage sludge
is applied.
(J) The following certification statement when the bulk sewage sludge meets the Class B pathogen requirements in
§503.32(b):
I certify, under penalty of law, that the information that will be used to determine compliance with the site restrictions in
§503.32(b)(5) for each site on which Class B sewage sludge was applied was prepared under my direction and supervision in
accordance with the system designed to ensure that qualified personnel properly gather and evaluate this information. I am aware
that there are significant penalties for false certification including the possibility of fine and imprisonment.
(K) A description of how the site restrictions in §503.32(b)(5) are met for each site on which Class B bulk sewage
sludge is applied.
(L) The following certification statement when the vector attraction reduction requirement in either §503.33(b)(9) or
(b)(10) is met:
I certify, under penalty of law, that the information that will be used to determine compliance with the vector attraction reduction
requirement in (insert either §503.33(b)(9) or §503.33(b)(10)) was prepared under my direction and supervision in accordance with
the system designed to ensure that qualified personnel properly gather and evaluate this information. I am aware that there are
significant penalties for false certification including the possibility of fine and imprisonment.
(M) If the vector attraction reduction requirements in either §503.33 (b)(9) or (b)(10) are met, a description of how
the requirements are met.
(6) If the requirements in §503.13(a)(4)(ii) are met when sewage sludge is sold or given away in a bag or other
container for application to the land, the person who prepares the sewage sludge that is sold or given away in a bag or
other container shall develop the following information and shall retain the information for five years:
(i) The annual whole sludge application rate for the sewage sludge that does not cause the annual pollutant
loading rates in Table 4 of §503.13 to be exceeded.
(ii) The concentration of each pollutant listed in Table 4 of §503.13 in the sewage sludge.
(iii) The following certification statement:
I certify, under penalty of law, that the information that will be used to determine compliance with the management practice in
§503.14(e), the Class A pathogen requirement in §503.32(a), and the vector attraction reduction requirement in (insert one of the
vector attraction reduction requirements in §503.33(b)(1) through §503.33(b)(8)) was prepared under my direction and supervision
in accordance with the system designed to ensure that qualified personnel properly gather and evaluate this information. I am
aware that there are significant penalties for false certification including the possibility of fine and imprisonment.
(iv) A description of how the Class A pathogen requirements in §503.32(a) are met.
(v) A description of how one of the vector attraction requirements in §503.33 (b)(1) through (b)(8) is met.
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(b) Domestic septage. When domestic septage is applied to agricultural land, forest, or a reclamation site, the
person who applies the domestic septage shall develop the following information and shall retain the information for five
years:
(1) The location, by either street address or latitude and longitude, of each site on which domestic septage is
applied.
(2) The number of acres in each site on which domestic septage is applied.
(3) The date domestic septage is applied to each site.
(4) The nitrogen requirement for the crop or vegetation grown on each site during a 365 day period.
(5) The rate, in gallons per acre per 365 day period, at which domestic septage is applied to each site.
(6) The following certification statement:
I certify, under penalty of law, that the information that will be used to determine compliance with the pathogen requirements
(insert either §503.32(c)(1) or §503.32(c)(2)) and the vector attraction reduction requirement in [insert §503.33(b)(9), 503.33(b)(10),
or §503.33(b)(12)] was prepared under my direction and supervision in accordance with the system designed to ensure that
qualified personnel properly gather and evaluate this information. I am aware that there are significant penalties for false
certification including the possibility of fine and imprisonment.
(7) A description of how the pathogen requirements in either §503.32(c)(1) or (c)(2) are met.
(8) A description of how the vector attraction reduction requirements in §503.33 (b)(9), (b)(10), or (b)(12) are met.
(Approved by the Office of Management and Budget under control number 2040-0157)
[58 FR 9387, Feb. 19, 1993, as amended at 64 FR 42569, Aug. 4, 1999]
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§503.18 Reporting.
(a) Class I sludge management facilities, POTWs (as defined in §501.2 of this chapter) with a design flow rate
equal to or greater than one million gallons per day, and POTWs that serve 10,000 people or more shall submit a report
on February 19 of each year. As of December 21, 2016 all reports submitted in compliance with this section must be
submitted electronically by the operator to EPA when the Regional Administrator is the Director in compliance with this
section and 40 CFR part 3 (including, in all cases, subpart D to part 3), 40 CFR 122.22, and 40 CFR part 127. As of
December 21, 2020 all reports submitted in compliance with this section must be submitted electronically in compliance
with this section and 40 CFR part 3 (including, in all cases, subpart D to part 3), 40 CFR 122.22, and 40 CFR part 127.
Part 127 is not intended to undo existing requirements for electronic reporting. Prior to the start dates for electronic
reporting (see Table 1 in 40 CFR 127.16), the Director may also require operators to electronically submit annual
reports under this section if required to do so by state law.
(1) The information in §503.17(a), except the information in §503.17 (a)(3)(ii), (a)(4)(ii) and in (a)(5)(ii), for the
appropriate requirements on February 19 of each year.
(2) The information in §503.17(a)(5)(ii)(A) through (a)(5)(ii)(G) on February 19th of each year when 90 percent or
more of any of the cumulative pollutant loading rates in Table 2 of §503.13 is reached at a land application site.
(Approved by the Office of Management and Budget under control number 2040-0157)
[58 FR 9387, Feb. 19, 1993, as amended at 64 FR 42570, Aug. 4, 1999; 80 FR 64157, Oct. 22, 2015]
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Subpart C—Surface Disposal
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§503.20 Applicability.
(a) This subpart applies to any person who prepares sewage sludge that is placed on a surface disposal site, to the
owner/operator of a surface disposal site, to sewage sludge placed on a surface disposal site, and to a surface disposal
site.
(b) This subpart does not apply to sewage sludge stored on the land or to the land on which sewage sludge is
stored. It also does not apply to sewage sludge that remains on the land for longer than two years when the person
who prepares the sewage sludge demonstrates that the land on which the sewage sludge remains is not an active
sewage sludge unit. The demonstration shall include the following information, which shall be retained by the person
who prepares the sewage sludge for the period that the sewage sludge remains on the land:
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(1) The name and address of the person who prepares the sewage sludge.
(2) The name and address of the person who either owns the land or leases the land.
(3) The location, by either street address or latitude and longitude, of the land.
(4) An explanation of why sewage sludge needs to remain on the land for longer than two years prior to final use or
disposal.
(5) The approximate time period when the sewage sludge will be used or disposed.
(c) This subpart does not apply to sewage sludge treated on the land or to the land on which sewage sludge is
treated.
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§503.21 Special definitions.
(a) Active sewage sludge unit is a sewage sludge unit that has not closed.
(b) Aquifer is a geologic formation, group of geologic formations, or a portion of a geologic formation capable of
yielding ground water to wells or springs.
(c) Contaminate an aquifer means to introduce a substance that causes the maximum contaminant level for nitrate
in 40 CFR 141.62(b) to be exceeded in the ground water or that causes the existing concentration of nitrate in ground
water to increase when the existing concentration of nitrate in the ground water exceeds the maximum contaminant
level for nitrate in 40 CFR 141.62(b).
(d) Cover is soil or other material used to cover sewage sludge placed on an active sewage sludge unit.
(e) Displacement is the relative movement of any two sides of a fault measured in any direction.
(f) Fault is a fracture or zone of fractures in any materials along which strata on one side are displaced with respect
to strata on the other side.
(g) Final cover is the last layer of soil or other material placed on a sewage sludge unit at closure.
(h) Holocene time is the most recent epoch of the Quaternary period, extending from the end of the Pleistocene
epoch to the present.
(i) Leachate collection system is a system or device installed immediately above a liner that is designed,
constructed, maintained, and operated to collect and remove leachate from a sewage sludge unit.
Q) Liner is soil or synthetic material that has a hydraulic conductivity of 1 x 10-7 centimeters per second or less.
(k) Lower explosive limit for methane gas is the lowest percentage of methane gas in air, by volume, that
propagates a flame at 25 degrees Celsius and atmospheric pressure.
(1) Qualified ground -water scientist is an individual with a baccalaureate or post -graduate degree in the natural
sciences or engineering who has sufficient training and experience in ground -water hydrology and related fields, as may
be demonstrated by State registration, professional certification, or completion of accredited university programs, to
make sound professional judgments regarding ground -water monitoring, pollutant fate and transport, and corrective
action.
(m) Seismic impact zone is an area that has a 10 percent or greater probability that the horizontal ground level
acceleration of the rock in the area exceeds 0.10 gravity once in 250 years.
(n) Sewage sludge unit is land on which only sewage sludge is placed for final disposal. This does not include land
on which sewage sludge is either stored or treated. Land does not include waters of the United States, as defined in 40
CFR 122.2.
(o) Sewage sludge unit boundary is the outermost perimeter of an active sewage sludge unit.
(p) Surface disposal site is an area of land that contains one or more active sewage sludge units.
(q) Unstable area is land subject to natural or human -induced forces that may damage the structural components of
an active sewage sludge unit. This includes, but is not limited to, land on which the soils are subject to mass
movement.
[58 FR 9387, Feb. 19, 1993, as amended at 64 FR 42570, Aug. 4, 1999]
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§503.22 General requirements.
(a) No person shall place sewage sludge on an active sewage sludge unit unless the requirements in this subpart
are met.
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(b) An active sewage sludge unit located within 60 meters of a fault that has displacement in Holocene time; located
in an unstable area; or located in a wetland, except as provided in a permit issued pursuant to either section 402 or
404 of the CWA, shall close by March 22, 1994, unless, in the case of an active sewage sludge unit located within 60
meters of a fault that has displacement in Holocene time, otherwise specified by the permitting authority.
(c) The owner/operator of an active sewage sludge unit shall submit a written closure and post closure plan to the
permitting authority 180 days prior to the date that the active sewage sludge unit closes. The plan shall describe how
the sewage sludge unit will be closed and, at a minimum, shall include:
(1) A discussion of how the leachate collection system will be operated and maintained for three years after the
sewage sludge unit closes if the sewage sludge unit has a liner and leachate collection system.
(2) A description of the system used to monitor for methane gas in the air in any structures within the surface
disposal site and in the air at the property line of the surface disposal site, as required in §503.240)(2).
(3) A discussion of how public access to the surface disposal site will be restricted for three years after the last
sewage sludge unit in the surface disposal site closes.
(d) The owner of a surface disposal site shall provide written notification to the subsequent owner of the site that
sewage sludge was placed on the land.
[58 FR 9387, Feb. 19, 1993, as amended at 64 FR 42570, Aug. 4, 1999]
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§503.23 Pollutant limits (other than domestic septage).
(a) Active sewage sludge unit without a liner and leachate collection system.
(1) Except as provided in §503.23 (a)(2) and (b), the concentration of each pollutant listed in Table 1 of §503.23 in
sewage sludge placed on an active sewage sludge unit shall not exceed the concentration for the pollutant in Table 1
of §503.23.
TABLE 'I OF §503.23—POLLUTAN7 CONCENTRATIONS —ACTIVE SEWAGE SLUDGE UNIT WITHOUT A LINER AND LEACHATE
COLLECTION
Pollutant
Concentration (milligrams per kilograms)
Arsenic
73
Chromium
600
Nickel
420
1 Dry weight basis.
(2) Except as provided in §503.23(b), the concentration of each pollutant listed in Table 1 of §503.23 in sewage
sludge placed on an active sewage sludge unit whose boundary is less than 150 meters from the property line of the
surface disposal site shall not exceed the concentration determined using the following procedure.
(i) The actual distance from the active sewage sludge unit boundary to the property line of the surface disposal site
shall be determined.
(ii) The concentration of each pollutant listed in Table 2 of §503.23 in the sewage sludge shall not exceed the
concentration in Table 2 of §503.23 that corresponds to the actual distance in §503.23(a)(2)(i).
TABLE 2 OF §503.23—POLLUTAN7 CONCENTRATIONS —ACTIVE SEWAGE SLUDGE UNIT WITHOUT A LINER AND LEACHATE
COLLECTION SYSTEM THAT HAS A UNIT BOUNDARY TO PROPERTY LINE DISTANCE LESS THAN 150 METERS
Unit boundary to property line
Pollutant concentration
Distance (meters)
Arsenic (mg/kg)
Chromium (mg/kg)
Nickel (mg/kg)
0 to less than 25
30
200
210
25 to less than 50
34
220
240
50 to less than 75
39
260
270
75 to less than 100
46
300
320
100 to less than 125
53
3601
390
125 to less than 150
621
4501
420
1 Dry weight basis.
(b) Active sewage sludge unit without a liner and leachate collection system —site -specific limits.
(1) At the time of permit application, the owner/operator of a surface disposal site may request site -specific
pollutant limits in accordance with §503.23(b)(2) for an active sewage sludge unit without a liner and leachate collection
system when the existing values for site parameters specified by the permitting authority are different from the values
for those parameters used to develop the pollutant limits in Table 1 of §503.23 and when the permitting authority
determines that site -specific pollutant limits are appropriate for the active sewage sludge unit.
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(2) The concentration of each pollutant listed in Table 1 of §503.23 in sewage sludge placed on an active sewage
sludge unit without a liner and leachate collection system shall not exceed either the concentration for the pollutant
determined during a site -specific assessment, as specified by the permitting authority, or the existing concentration of
the pollutant in the sewage sludge, whichever is lower.
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§503.24 Management practices.
(a) Sewage sludge shall not be placed on an active sewage sludge unit if it is likely to adversely affect a threatened
or endangered species listed under section 4 of the Endangered Species Act or its designated critical habitat.
(b) An active sewage sludge unit shall not restrict the flow of a base flood.
(c) When a surface disposal site is located in a seismic impact zone, an active sewage sludge unit shall be
designed to withstand the maximum recorded horizontal ground level acceleration.
(d) An active sewage sludge unit shall be located 60 meters or more from a fault that has displacement in Holocene
time, unless otherwise specified by the permitting authority.
(e) An active sewage sludge unit shall not be located in an unstable area.
(f) An active sewage sludge unit shall not be located in a wetland, except as provided in a permit issued pursuant
to section 402 or 404 of the CWA.
(g)(1) Run-off from an active sewage sludge unit shall be collected and shall be disposed in accordance with
National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System permit requirements and any other applicable requirements.
(2) The run-off collection system for an active sewage sludge unit shall have the capacity to handle run-off from a
24-hour, 25-year storm event.
(h) The leachate collection system for an active sewage sludge unit that has a liner and leachate collection system
shall be operated and maintained during the period the sewage sludge unit is active and for three years after the
sewage sludge unit closes.
(i) Leachate from an active sewage sludge unit that has a liner and leachate collection system shall be collected
and shall be disposed in accordance with the applicable requirements during the period the sewage sludge unit is
active and for three years after the sewage sludge unit closes.
0)(1) When a cover is placed on an active sewage sludge unit, the concentration of methane gas in air in any
structure within the surface disposal site shall not exceed 25 percent of the lower explosive limit for methane gas during
the period that the sewage sludge unit is active and the concentration of methane gas in air at the property line of the
surface disposal site shall not exceed the lower explosive limit for methane gas during the period that the sewage
sludge unit is active.
(2) When a final cover is placed on a sewage sludge unit at closure, the concentration of methane gas in air in any
structure within the surface disposal site shall not exceed 25 percent of the lower explosive limit for methane gas for
three years after the sewage sludge unit closes and the concentration of methane gas in air at the property line of the
surface disposal site shall not exceed the lower explosive limit for methane gas for three years after the sewage sludge
unit closes, unless otherwise specified by the permitting authority.
(k) A food crop, a feed crop, or a fiber crop shall not be grown on an active sewage sludge unit, unless the
owner/operator of the surface disposal site demonstrates to the permitting authority that through management practices
public health and the environment are protected from any reasonably anticipated adverse effects of pollutants in sewage
sludge when crops are grown.
(1) Animals shall not be grazed on an active sewage sludge unit, unless the owner/operator of the surface disposal
site demonstrates to the permitting authority that through management practices public health and the environment are
protected from any reasonably anticipated adverse effects of pollutants in sewage sludge when animals are grazed.
(m) Public access to a surface disposal site shall be restricted for the period that the surface disposal site contains
an active sewage sludge unit and for three years after the last active sewage sludge unit in the surface disposal site
closes.
(n)(1) Sewage sludge placed on an active sewage sludge unit shall not contaminate an aquifer.
(2) Results of a ground -water monitoring program developed by a qualified ground -water scientist or a certification
by a qualified ground -water scientist shall be used to demonstrate that sewage sludge placed on an active sewage
sludge unit does not contaminate an aquifer.
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§503.25 Operational standards —pathogens and vector attraction reduction.
(a) Pathogens —sewage sludge (other than domestic septage). The Class A pathogens requirements in §503.32(a)
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or one of the Class B pathogen requirements in §503.32 (b)(2) through (b)(4) shall be met when sewage sludge is
placed on an active sewage sludge unit, unless the vector attraction reduction requirement in §503.33(b)(11) is met.
(b) Vector attraction reduction —sewage sludge (other than domestic septage). One of the vector attraction
reduction requirements in §503.33 (b)(1) through (b)(1 1) shall be met when sewage sludge is placed on an active
sewage sludge unit.
(c) Vector attraction reduction —domestic septage. One of the vector attraction reduction requirement in §503.33
(b)(9) through (b)(12) shall be met when domestic septage is placed on an active sewage sludge unit.
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§503.26 Frequency of monitoring.
(a) Sewage sludge (other than domestic septage). (1) The frequency of monitoring for the pollutants in Tables 1
and 2 of §503.23; the pathogen density requirements in §503.32(a) and in §503.32(b)(2); and the vector attraction
reduction requirements in §503.33(b)(1) through (b)(4) and §503.33(b)(7) through (b)(8) for sewage sludge placed on an
active sewage sludge unit shall be the frequency in Table 1 of §503.26.
TABLE 'I OF §503.26—FREQUENCY OF MONITORING —SURFACE DISPOSAL
Amount of sewage sludge
(metric tons per 365 day period)
Frequency
Greater than zero but less than 290
Once per year.
Equal to or greater than 290 but less than 1,500
Once per quarter (four times per year).
Equal to or greater than 1,500 but less than 15,000
Once per 60 days (six times per year).
Equal to or greater than 15,000
Once per month (12 times per year).
Amount of sewage sludge placed on an active sewage sludge unit (dry weight basis).
(2) After the sewage sludge has been monitored for two years at the frequency in Table 1 of this section, the
permitting authority may reduce the frequency of monitoring for pollutant concentrations and for the pathogen density
requirements in §503.32(a)(5)(ii) and (a)(5)(iii).
(b) Domestic septage. If the vector attraction reduction requirements in §503.33(b)(12) are met when domestic
septage is placed on an active sewage sludge unit, each container of domestic septage shall be monitored for
compliance with those requirements.
(c) Air. Air in structures within a surface disposal site and at the property line of the surface disposal site shall be
monitored continuously for methane gas during the period that the surface disposal site contains an active sewage
sludge unit on which the sewage sludge is covered and for three years after a sewage sludge unit closes when a final
cover is placed on the sewage sludge.
(Approved by the Office of Management and Budget under control number 2040-0157)
[58 FR 9387, Feb. 19, 1993, as amended at 64 FR 42570, Aug. 4, 1999]
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§503.27 Recordkeeping.
(a) When sewage sludge (other than domestic septage) is placed on an active sewage sludge unit:
(1) The person who prepares the sewage sludge shall develop the following information and shall retain the
information for five years.
(i) The concentration of each pollutant listed in Table 1 of §503.23 in the sewage sludge when the pollutant
concentrations in Table 1 of §503.23 are met.
(ii) The following certification statement:
I certify, under penalty of law, that the information that will be used to determine compliance with the pathogen requirements in
(insert §503.32(a), §503.32(b)(2), §503.32(b)(3), or §503.32(b)(4) when one of those requirements is met) and the vector attraction
reduction requirement in (insert one of the vector attraction reduction requirements in §503.33 (b)(1) through (b)(8) if one of those
requirements is met) was prepared under my direction and supervision in accordance with the system designed to ensure that
qualified personnel properly gather and evaluate this information. I am aware that there are significant penalties for false
certification including the possibility of fine and imprisonment.
(iii) A description of how the pathogen requirements in §503.32 (a), (b)(2), (b)(3), or (b)(4) are met when one of
those requirements is met.
(iv) A description of how one of the vector attraction reduction requirements in §503.33 (b)(1) through (b)(8) is met
when one of those requirements is met.
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(2) The owner/operator of the surface disposal site, shall develop the following information and shall retain that
information for five years.
(i) The concentration of each pollutant listed in Table 2 of §503.23 in the sewage sludge when the pollutant
concentrations in Table 2 of §503.23 are met or when site -specific pollutant limits in §503.23(b) are met.
(ii) The following certification statement:
I certify, under penalty of law, that the information that will be used to determine compliance with the management practices in
§503.24 and the vector attraction reduction requirement in (insert one of the requirements in §503.33(b)(9) through §503.33(b)(11) if
one of those requirements is met) was prepared under my direction and supervision in accordance with the system designed to
ensure that qualified personnel properly gather and evaluate this information. I am aware that there are significant penalties for
false certification including the possibility of fine and imprisonment.
(iii) A description of how the management practices in §503.24 are met.
(iv) A description of how the vector attraction reduction requirements in §503.33 (b)(9) through (b)(11) are met if
one of those requirements is met.
(b) When domestic septage is placed on a surface disposal site:
(1) If the vector attraction reduction requirements in §503.33(b)(12) are met, the person who places the domestic
septage on the surface disposal site shall develop the following information and shall retain the information for five
years:
(i) The following certification statement:
I certify, under penalty of law, that the information that will be used to determine compliance with the vector attraction reduction
requirements in §503.33(b)(12) was prepared under my direction and supervision in accordance with the system designed to
ensure that qualified personnel properly gather and evaluate this information. I am aware that there are significant penalties for
false certification including the possibility of fine and imprisonment.
(ii) A description of how the vector attraction reduction requirements in §503.33(b)(12) are met.
(2) The owner/operator of the surface disposal site shall develop the following information and shall retain that
information for five years:
(i) The following certification statement:
I certify, under penalty of law, that the information that will be used to determine compliance with the management practices in
§503.24 and the vector attraction reduction requirements in (insert §503.33(b)(9) through §503.33(b)(11) if one of those
requirements is met) was prepared under my direction and supervision in accordance with the system designed to ensure that
qualified personnel properly gather and evaluate this information. I am aware that there are significant penalties for false
certification including the possibility of fine or imprisonment.
(ii) A description of how the management practices in §503.24 are met.
(iii) A description how the vector attraction reduction requirements in §503.33(b)(9) through §503.33(b)(11) are met
if one of those requirements is met.
(Approved by the Office of Management and Budget under control number 2040-0157)
[58 FR 9387, Feb. 19, 1993, as amended at 64 FR 42571, Aug. 4, 1999]
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§503.28 Reporting.
Class I sludge management facilities, POTWs (as defined in 40 CFR 501.2) with a design flow rate equal to or
greater than one million gallons per day, and POTWs that serve 10,000 people or more shall submit a report on
February 19 of each year. As of December 21, 2016 all reports submitted in compliance with this section must be
submitted electronically by the operator to EPA when the Regional Administrator is the Director in compliance with this
section and 40 CFR part 3 (including, in all cases, subpart D to part 3), 40 CFR 122.22, and 40 CFR part 127. As of
December 21, 2020 all reports submitted in compliance with this section must be submitted electronically in compliance
with this section and 40 CFR part 3 (including, in all cases, subpart D to part 3), 40 CFR 122.22, and 40 CFR part 127.
Part 127 is not intended to undo existing requirements for electronic reporting. Prior to the start dates for electronic
reporting (see Table 1 in 40 CFR 127.16), the Director may also require operators to electronically submit annual
reports under this section if required to do so by state law.
[80 FR 64158, Oct. 22, 2015]
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Subpart D—Pathogens and Vector Attraction Reduction
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§503.30 Scope.
(a) This subpart contains the requirements for a sewage sludge to be classified either Class A or Class B with
respect to pathogens.
(b) This subpart contains the site restrictions for land on which a Class B sewage sludge is applied.
(c) This subpart contains the pathogen requirements for domestic septage applied to agricultural land, forest, or a
reclamation site.
(d) This subpart contains alternative vector attraction reduction requirements for sewage sludge that is applied to
the land or placed on a surface disposal site.
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§503.31 Special definitions.
(a) Aerobic digestion is the biochemical decomposition of organic matter in sewage sludge into carbon dioxide and
water by microorganisms in the presence of air.
(b) Anaerobic digestion is the biochemical decomposition of organic matter in sewage sludge into methane gas and
carbon dioxide by microorganisms in the absence of air.
(c) Density of microorganisms is the number of microorganisms per unit mass of total solids (dry weight) in the
sewage sludge.
(d) Land with a high potential for public exposure is land that the public uses frequently. This includes, but is not
limited to, a public contact site and a reclamation site located in a populated area (e.g, a construction site located in a
city).
(e) Land with a low potential for public exposure is land that the public uses infrequently. This includes, but is not
limited to, agricultural land, forest, and a reclamation site located in an unpopulated area (e.g., a strip mine located in a
rural area).
(f) Pathogenic organisms are disease -causing organisms. These include, but are not limited to, certain bacteria,
protozoa, viruses, and viable helminth ova.
(g) pH means the logarithm of the reciprocal of the hydrogen ion concentration measured at 25 'Centigrade or
measured at another temperature and then converted to an equivalent value at 25 'Centigrade.
(h) Specific oxygen uptake rate (SOUR) is the mass of oxygen consumed per unit time per unit mass of total solids
(dry weight basis) in the sewage sludge.
(i) Total solids are the materials in sewage sludge that remain as residue when the sewage sludge is dried at 103
to 105 degrees Celsius.
Q) Unstabilized solids are organic materials in sewage sludge that have not been treated in either an aerobic or
anaerobic treatment process.
(k) Vector attraction is the characteristic of sewage sludge that attracts rodents, flies, mosquitos, or other organisms
capable of transporting infectious agents.
(1) Volatile solids is the amount of the total solids in sewage sludge lost when the sewage sludge is combusted at
550 degrees Celsius in the presence of excess air.
[58 FR 9387, Feb. 19, 1993, as amended at 64 FR 42571, Aug. 4, 1999]
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§503.32 Pathogens.
(a) Sewage sludge —Class A. (1) The requirement in §503.32(a)(2) and the requirements in either §503.32(a)(3),
(a)(4), (a)(5), (a)(6), (a)(7), or (a)(8) shall be met for a sewage sludge to be classified Class A with respect to
pathogens.
(2) The Class A pathogen requirements in §503.32 (a)(3) through (a)(8) shall be met either prior to meeting or at
the same time the vector attraction reduction requirements in §503.33, except the vector attraction reduction
requirements in §503.33 (b)(6) through (b)(8), are met.
(3) Class A —Alternative 1. (i) Either the density of fecal coliform in the sewage sludge shall be less than 1000
Most Probable Number per gram of total solids (dry weight basis), or the density of Salmonella sp. bacteria in the
sewage sludge shall be less than three Most Probable Number per four grams of total solids (dry weight basis) at the
time the sewage sludge is used or disposed; at the time the sewage sludge is prepared for sale or give away in a bag
or other container for application to the land; or at the time the sewage sludge or material derived from sewage sludge
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is prepared to meet the requirements in §503.10 (b), (c), (e), or (f).
(ii) The temperature of the sewage sludge that is used or disposed shall be maintained at a specific value for a
period of time.
(A) When the percent solids of the sewage sludge is seven percent or higher, the temperature of the sewage
sludge shall be 50 degrees Celsius or higher; the time period shall be 20 minutes or longer; and the temperature and
{ time period shall be determined using equation (2), except when small particles of sewage sludge are heated by either
warmed gases or an immiscible liquid.
131,700, aaa {
100.14001 l2
View or download PDF
Where,
D = time in days.
t = temperature in degrees Celsius.
(B) When the percent solids of the sewage sludge is seven percent or higher and small particles of sewage sludge
are heated by either warmed gases or an immiscible liquid, the temperature of the sewage sludge shall be 50 degrees
Celsius or higher; the time period shall be 15 seconds or longer; and the temperature and time period shall be
determined using equation (2).
(C) When the percent solids of the sewage sludge is less than seven percent and the time period is at least 15
seconds, but less than 30 minutes, the temperature and time period shall be determined using equation (2).
(D) When the percent solids of the sewage sludge is less than seven percent; the temperature of the sewage
sludge is 50 degrees Celsius or higher; and the time period is 30 minutes or longer, the temperature and time period
shall be determined using equation (3).
50,070,000
D = 100.1400r Eq.
View or download PDF
Where,
D = time in days.
t = temperature in degrees Celsius.
(4) Class A —Alternative 2. (i) Either the density of fecal coliform in the sewage sludge shall be less than 1000
Most Probable Number per gram of total solids (dry weight basis), or the density of Salmonella sp. bacteria in the
sewage sludge shall be less than three Most Probable Number per four grams of total solids (dry weight basis) at the
time the sewage sludge is used or disposed; at the time the sewage sludge is prepared for sale or give away in a bag
or other container for application to the land; or at the time the sewage sludge or material derived from sewage sludge
is prepared to meet the requirements in §503.10 (b), (c), (e), or (f).
(ii)(A) The pH of the sewage sludge that is used or disposed shall be raised to above 12 and shall remain above
12 for 72 hours.
(B) The temperature of the sewage sludge shall be above 52 degrees Celsius for 12 hours or longer during the
period that the pH of the sewage sludge is above 12.
(C) At the end of the 72 hour period during which the pH of the sewage sludge is above 12, the sewage sludge
shall be air dried to achieve a percent solids in the sewage sludge greater than 50 percent.
(5) Class A —Alternative 3. (i) Either the density of fecal coliform in the sewage sludge shall be less than 1000
Most Probable Number per gram of total solids (dry weight basis), or the density of Salmonella sp. bacteria in sewage
sludge shall be less than three Most Probable Number per four grams of total solids (dry weight basis) at the time the
sewage sludge is used or disposed; at the time the sewage sludge is prepared for sale or give away in a bag or other
container for application to the land; or at the time the sewage sludge or material derived from sewage sludge is
prepared to meet the requirements in §503.10 (b), (c), (e), or (f).
(ii)(A) The sewage sludge shall be analyzed prior to pathogen treatment to determine whether the sewage sludge
contains enteric viruses.
(B) When the density of enteric viruses in the sewage sludge prior to pathogen treatment is less than one Plaque -
forming Unit per four grams of total solids (dry weight basis), the sewage sludge is Class A with respect to enteric
viruses until the next monitoring episode for the sewage sludge.
(C) When the density of enteric viruses in the sewage sludge prior to pathogen treatment is equal to or greater
than one Plaque -forming Unit per four grams of total solids (dry weight basis), the sewage sludge is Class A with
respect to enteric viruses when the density of enteric viruses in the sewage sludge after pathogen treatment is less
than one Plaque -forming Unit per four grams of total solids (dry weight basis) and when the values or ranges of values
for the operating parameters for the pathogen treatment process that produces the sewage sludge that meets the
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enteric virus density requirement are documented.
(D) After the enteric virus reduction in paragraph (a)(5)(ii)(C) of this section is demonstrated for the pathogen
treatment process, the sewage sludge continues to be Class A with respect to enteric viruses when the values for the
pathogen treatment process operating parameters are consistent with the values or ranges of values documented in
paragraph (a)(5)(ii)(C) of this section.
(iii)(A) The sewage sludge shall be analyzed prior to pathogen treatment to determine whether the sewage sludge
contains viable helminth ova.
(B) When the density of viable helminth ova in the sewage sludge prior to pathogen treatment is less than one per
four grams of total solids (dry weight basis), the sewage sludge is Class A with respect to viable helminth ova until the
next monitoring episode for the sewage sludge.
(C) When the density of viable helminth ova in the sewage sludge prior to pathogen treatment is equal to or greater
than one per four grams of total solids (dry weight basis), the sewage sludge is Class A with respect to viable helminth
ova when the density of viable helminth ova in the sewage sludge after pathogen treatment is less than one per four
grams of total solids (dry weight basis) and when the values or ranges of values for the operating parameters for the
pathogen treatment process that produces the sewage sludge that meets the viable helminth ova density requirement
are documented.
(D) After the viable helminth ova reduction in paragraph (a)(5)(iii)(C) of this section is demonstrated for the
pathogen treatment process, the sewage sludge continues to be Class A with respect to viable helminth ova when the
values for the pathogen treatment process operating parameters are consistent with the values or ranges of values
documented in paragraph (a)(5)(iii)(C) of this section.
(6) Class A —Alternative 4. (i) Either the density of fecal coliform in the sewage sludge shall be less than 1000
Most Probable Number per gram of total solids (dry weight basis), or the density of Salmonella sp. bacteria in the
sewage sludge shall be less than three Most Probable Number per four grams of total solids (dry weight basis) at the
time the sewage sludge is used or disposed; at the time the sewage sludge is prepared for sale or give away in a bag
or other container for application to the land; or at the time the sewage sludge or material derived from sewage sludge
is prepared to meet the requirements in §503.10 (b), (c), (e), or (D.
(ii) The density of enteric viruses in the sewage sludge shall be less than one Plaque -forming Unit per four grams
of total solids (dry weight basis) at the time the sewage sludge is used or disposed; at the time the sewage sludge is
prepared for sale or give away in a bag or other container for application to the land; or at the time the sewage sludge
or material derived from sewage sludge is prepared to meet the requirements in §503.10 (b), (c), (e), or (f), unless
otherwise specified by the permitting authority.
(iii) The density of viable helminth ova in the sewage sludge shall be less than one per four grams of total solids
(dry weight basis) at the time the sewage sludge is used or disposed; at the time the sewage sludge is prepared for
sale or give away in a bag or other container for application to the land; or at the time the sewage sludge or material
derived from sewage sludge is prepared to meet the requirements in §503.10 (b), (c), (e), or (f), unless otherwise
specified by the permitting authority.
(7) Class A —Alternative 5. (i) Either the density of fecal coliform in the sewage sludge shall be less than 1000
Most Probable Number per gram of total solids (dry weight basis), or the density of Salmonella, sp. bacteria in the
sewage sludge shall be less than three Most Probable Number per four grams of total solids (dry weight basis) at the
time the sewage sludge is used or disposed; at the time the sewage sludge is prepared for sale or given away in a bag
or other container for application to the land; or at the time the sewage sludge or material derived from sewage sludge
is prepared to meet the requirements in §503.10(b), (c), (e), or (f).
(ii) Sewage sludge that is used or disposed shall be treated in one of the Processes to Further Reduce Pathogens
described in appendix B of this part.
(8) Class A —Alternative 6. (i) Either the density of fecal coliform in the sewage sludge shall be less than 1000
Most Probable Number per gram of total solids (dry weight basis), or the density of Salmonella, sp. bacteria in the
sewage sludge shall be less than three Most Probable Number per four grams of total solids (dry weight basis) at the
time the sewage sludge is used or disposed; at the time the sewage sludge is prepared for sale or given away in a bag
or other container for application to the land; or at the time the sewage sludge or material derived from sewage sludge
is prepared to meet the requirements in §503.10(b), (c), (e), or (D.
(ii) Sewage sludge that is used or disposed shall be treated in a process that is equivalent to a Process to Further
Reduce Pathogens, as determined by the permitting authority.
(b) Sewage sludge —Class B. (1)(i) The requirements in either §503.32(b)(2), (b)(3), or (b)(4) shall be met for a
sewage sludge to be classified Class B with respect to pathogens.
(ii) The site restrictions in §503.32(b)(5) shall be met when sewage sludge that meets the Class B pathogen
requirements in §503.32(b)(2), (b)(3), or (b)(4) is applied to the land.
(2) Class B—Alternative 1. (i) Seven representative samples of the sewage sludge that is used or disposed shall be
collected.
(ii) The geometric mean of the density of fecal coliform in the samples collected in paragraph (b)(2)(i) of this
section shall be less than either 2,000,000 Most Probable Number per gram of total solids (dry weight basis) or
2,000,000 Colony Forming Units per gram of total solids (dry weight basis).
(3) Class B—Alternative 2. Sewage sludge that is used or disposed shall be treated in one of the Processes to
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Significantly Reduce Pathogens described in appendix B of this part.
(4) Class B—Alternative 3. Sewage sludge that is used or disposed shall be treated in a process that is equivalent
to a Process to Significantly Reduce Pathogens, as determined by the permitting authority.
(5) Site restrictions. (i) Food crops with harvested parts that touch the sewage sludge/soil mixture and are totally
above the land surface shall not be harvested for 14 months after application of sewage sludge.
(ii) Food crops with harvested parts below the surface of the land shall not be harvested for 20 months after
application of sewage sludge when the sewage sludge remains on the land surface for four months or longer prior to
incorporation into the soil.
(iii) Food crops with harvested parts below the surface of the land shall not be harvested for 38 months after
application of sewage sludge when the sewage sludge remains on the land surface for less than four months prior to
incorporation into the soil.
(iv) Food crops, feed crops, and fiber crops shall not be harvested for 30 days after application of sewage sludge.
(v) Animals shall not be grazed on the land for 30 days after application of sewage sludge.
(vi) Turf grown on land where sewage sludge is applied shall not be harvested for one year after application of the
sewage sludge when the harvested turf is placed on either land with a high potential for public exposure or a lawn,
unless otherwise specified by the permitting authority.
(vii) Public access to land with a high potential for public exposure shall be restricted for one year after application
of sewage sludge.
(viii) Public access to land with a low potential for public exposure shall be restricted for 30 days after application of
sewage sludge.
(c) Domestic septage. (1) The site restrictions in §503.32(b)(5) shall be met when domestic septage is applied to
agricultural land, forest, or a reclamation site; or
(2) The pH of domestic septage applied to agricultural land, forest, or a reclamation site shall be raised to 12 or
higher by alkali addition and, without the addition of more alkali, shall remain at 12 or higher for 30 minutes and the site
restrictions in §503.32 (b)(5)(i) through (b)(5)(iv) shall be met.
[58 FR 9387, Feb. 19, 1993, as amended at 64 FR 42571, Aug. 4, 1999]
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§503.33 Vector attraction reduction.
(a)(1) One of the vector attraction reduction requirements in §503.33 (b)(1) through (b)(10) shall be met when bulk
sewage sludge is applied to agricultural land, forest, a public contact site, or a reclamation site.
(2) One of the vector attraction reduction requirements in §503.33 (b)(1) through (b)(8) shall be met when bulk
sewage sludge is applied to a lawn or a home garden.
(3) One of the vector attraction reduction requirements in §503.33 (b)(1) through (b)(8) shall be met when sewage
sludge is sold or given away in a bag or other container for application to the land.
(4) One of the vector attraction reduction requirements in §503.33 (b)(1) through (b)(11) shall be met when sewage
sludge (other than domestic septage) is placed on an active sewage sludge unit.
(5) One of the vector attraction reduction requirements in §503.33 (b)(9), (b)(10), or (b)(1 2) shall be met when
domestic septage is applied to agricultural land, forest, or a reclamation site and one of the vector attraction reduction
requirements in §503.33 (b)(9) through (b)(12) shall be met when domestic septage is placed on an active sewage
sludge unit.
(b)(1) The mass of volatile solids in the sewage sludge shall be reduced by a minimum of 38 percent (see
calculation procedures in "Environmental Regulations and Technology —Control of Pathogens and Vector Attraction in
Sewage Sludge", EPA-625/R-92/013, 1992, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, Ohio 45268).
(2) When the 38 percent volatile solids reduction requirement in §503.33(b)(1) cannot be met for an anaerobically
digested sewage sludge, vector attraction reduction can be demonstrated by digesting a portion of the previously
digested sewage sludge anaerobically in the laboratory in a bench -scale unit for 40 additional days at a temperature
between 30 and 37 degrees Celsius. When at the end of the 40 days, the volatile solids in the sewage sludge at the
beginning of that period is reduced by less than 17 percent, vector attraction reduction is achieved.
(3) When the 38 percent volatile solids reduction requirement in §503.33(b)(1) cannot be met for an aerobically
digested sewage sludge, vector attraction reduction can be demonstrated by digesting a portion of the previously
digested sewage sludge that has a percent solids of two percent or less aerobically in the laboratory in a bench -scale
unit for 30 additional days at 20 degrees Celsius. When at the end of the 30 days, the volatile solids in the sewage
sludge at the beginning of that period is reduced by less than 15 percent, vector attraction reduction is achieved.
(4) The specific oxygen uptake rate (SOUR) for sewage sludge treated in an aerobic process shall be equal to or
less than 1.5 milligrams of oxygen per hour per gram of total solids (dry weight basis) at a temperature of 20 degrees
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Celsius.
(5) Sewage sludge shall be treated in an aerobic process for 14 days or longer. During that time, the temperature
of the sewage sludge shall be higher than 40 degrees Celsius and the average temperature of the sewage sludge shall
be higher than 45 degrees Celsius.
(6) The pH of sewage sludge shall be raised to 12 or higher by alkali addition and, without the addition of more
alkali, shall remain at 12 or higher for two hours and then at 11.5 or higher for an additional 22 hours.
(7) The percent solids of sewage sludge that does not contain unstabilized solids generated in a primary
wastewater treatment process shall be equal to or greater than 75 percent based on the moisture content and total
solids prior to mixing with other materials.
(8) The percent solids of sewage sludge that contains unstabilized solids generated in a primary wastewater
treatment process shall be equal to or greater than 90 percent based on the moisture content and total solids prior to
mixing with other materials.
(9)(i) Sewage sludge shall be injected below the surface of the land.
(ii) No significant amount of the sewage sludge shall be present on the land surface within one hour after the
sewage sludge is injected.
(iii) When the sewage sludge that is injected below the surface of the land is Class A with respect to pathogens,
the sewage sludge shall be injected below the land surface within eight hours after being discharged from the pathogen
treatment process.
(10)(i) Sewage sludge applied to the land surface or placed on an active sewage sludge unit shall be incorporated
into the soil within six hours after application to or placement on the land, unless otherwise specified by the permitting
authority.
(ii) When sewage sludge that is incorporated into the soil is Class A with respect to pathogens, the sewage sludge
shall be applied to or placed on the land within eight hours after being discharged from the pathogen treatment process.
(11) Sewage sludge placed on an active sewage sludge unit shall be covered with soil or other material at the end
of each operating day.
(12) The pH of domestic septage shall be raised to 12 or higher by alkali addition and, without the addition of more
alkali, shall remain at 12 or higher for 30 minutes.
[58 FR 9387, Feb. 19, 1993, as amended at 64 FR 42571, Aug. 4, 1999]
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Subpart E—Incineration
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§503.40 Applicability.
(a) This subpart applies to a person who fires sewage sludge in a sewage sludge incinerator, to a sewage sludge
incinerator, and to sewage sludge fired in a sewage sludge incinerator.
(b) This subpart applies to the exit gas from a sewage sludge incinerator stack.
(c) The management practice in §503.45(a), the frequency of monitoring requirement for total hydrocarbon
concentration in §503.46(b) and the recordkeeping requirements for total hydrocarbon concentration in §503.47(c) and
(n) do not apply if the following conditions are met:
(1) The exit gas from a sewage sludge incinerator stack is monitored continuously for carbon monoxide.
(2) The monthly average concentration of carbon monoxide in the exit gas from a sewage sludge incinerator stack,
corrected for zero percent moisture and to seven percent oxygen, does not exceed 100 parts per million on a volumetric
basis.
(3) The person who fires sewage sludge in a sewage sludge incinerator retains the following information for five
years:
(i) The carbon monoxide concentrations in the exit gas; and
(ii) A calibration and maintenance log for the instrument used to measure the carbon monoxide concentration.
(4) Class I sludge management facilities, POTWs (as defined in 40 CFR 501.2) with a design flow rate equal to or
greater than one million gallons per day, and POTWs that serve a population of 10,000 people or greater submit the
monthly average carbon monoxide concentrations in the exit gas to the permitting authority on February 19 of each
year.
[58 FR 9387, Feb. 19, 1993, as amended at 59 FR 9099, Feb. 25, 1994]
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eCFR Code of Federal Regulations
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§503.41 Special definitions.
(a) Air pollution control device is one or more processes used to treat the exit gas from a sewage sludge
incinerator stack.
(b) Auxiliary fuel is fuel used to augment the fuel value of sewage sludge. This includes, but is not limited to,
natural gas, fuel oil, coal, gas generated during anaerobic digestion of sewage sludge, and municipal solid waste (not to
exceed 30 percent of the dry weight of sewage sludge and auxiliary fuel together). Hazardous wastes are not auxiliary
fuel.
(c) Average daily concentration is the arithmetic mean of the concentration of a pollutant in milligrams per kilogram
of sewage sludge (dry weight basis) in the samples collected and analyzed in a month.
(d) Control efficiency is the mass of a pollutant in the sewage sludge fed to an incinerator minus the mass of that
pollutant in the exit gas from the incinerator stack divided by the mass of the pollutant in the sewage sludge fed to the
incinerator.
(e) Dispersion factor is the ratio of the increase in the ground level ambient air concentration for a pollutant at or
beyond the property line of the site where the sewage sludge incinerator is located to the mass emission rate for the
pollutant from the incinerator stack.
(f) Fluidized bed incinerator is an enclosed device in which organic matter and inorganic matter in sewage sludge
are combusted in a bed of particles suspended in the combustion chamber gas.
(g) Hourly average is the arithmetic mean of all measurements, taken during an hour. At least two measurements
{ must be taken during the hour.
(h) Incineration is the combustion of organic matter and inorganic matter in sewage sludge by high temperatures in
an enclosed device.
(i) Incinerator operating combustion temperature is the arithmetic mean of the temperature readings in the hottest
zone of the furnace recorded in a day (24 hours) when the temperature is averaged and recorded at least hourly during
the hours the incinerator operates in a day.
Q) Monthly average is the arithmetic mean of the hourly averages for the hours a sewage sludge incinerator
operates during the month.
(k) Performance test combustion temperature is the arithmetic mean of the average combustion temperature in the
hottest zone of the furnace for each of the runs in a performance test.
(1) Risk specific concentration is the allowable increase in the average daily ground level ambient air concentration
for a pollutant from the incineration of sewage sludge at or beyond the property line of the site where the sewage
I sludge incinerator is located.
(m) Sewage sludge feed rate is either the average daily amount of sewage sludge fired in all sewage sludge
incinerators within the property line of the site where the sewage sludge incinerators are located for the number of days
in a 365 day period that each sewage sludge incinerator operates, or the average daily design capacity for all sewage
sludge incinerators within the property line of the site where the sewage sludge incinerators are located.
(n) Sewage sludge incinerator is an enclosed device in which only sewage sludge and auxiliary fuel are fired.
(o) Stack height is the difference between the elevation of the top of a sewage sludge incinerator stack and the
elevation of the ground at the base of the stack when the difference is equal to or less than 65 meters. When the
difference is greater than 65 meters, stack height is the creditable stack height determined in accordance with 40 CFR
51.100 (ii).
(p) Total hydrocarbons means the organic compounds in the exit gas from a sewage sludge incinerator stack
measured using a flame ionization detection instrument referenced to propane.
(q) Wet electrostatic precipitator is an air pollution control device that uses both electrical forces and water to
remove pollutants in the exit gas from a sewage sludge incinerator stack.
(r) Wet scrubber is an air pollution control device that uses water to remove pollutants in the exit gas from a
sewage sludge incinerator stack.
[58 FR 9387, Feb. 19, 1993, as amended at 64 FR 42571, Aug. 4, 1999]
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§503.42 General requirements.
No person shall fire sewage sludge in a sewage sludge incinerator except in compliance with the requirements in
this subpart.
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eCFR Code of Federal Regulations
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§503.43 Pollutant limits.
(a) Firing of sewage sludge in a sewage sludge incinerator shall not violate the requirements in the National
Emission Standard for Beryllium in subpart C of 40 CFR part 61.
(b) Firing of sewage sludge in a sewage sludge incinerator shall not violate the requirements in the National
Emission Standard for Mercury in subpart E of 40 CFR part 61.
(c) Pollutant limit —lead. (1) The average daily concentration for lead in sewage sludge fed to a sewage sludge
incinerator shall not exceed the concentration calculated using Equation (4).
01xQSxs6,400 C = .DFX(1-C'E)XSF Eq (47
View or download PDF
Where:
C = Average daily concentration of lead in sewage sludge.
NAAQS = National Ambient Air Quality Standard for lead in micrograms per cubic meter.
DF = Dispersion factor in micrograms per cubic meter per gram per second.
CE = Sewage sludge incinerator control efficiency for lead in hundredths.
SF = Sewage sludge feed rate in metric tons per day (dry weight basis).
(2) The dispersion factor (DF) in equation (4) shall be determined from an air dispersion model in accordance with
§503.43(e).
(i) When the sewage sludge stack height is 65 meters or less, the actual sewage sludge incinerator stack height
shall be used in the air dispersion model to determine the dispersion factor (DF) for equation (4).
(ii) When the sewage sludge incinerator stack height exceeds 65 meters, the creditable stack height shall be
determined in accordance with 40 CFR 51.100(ii) and the creditable stack height shall be used in the air dispersion
model to determine the dispersion factor (DF) for equation (4).
(3) The control efficiency (CE) for equation (4) shall be determined from a performance test of the sewage sludge
incinerator in accordance with §503.43(e).
(d) Pollutant limit —arsenic, cadmium, chromium, and nickel. (1) The average daily concentration for arsenic,
cadmium, chromium, and nickel in sewage sludge fed to a sewage sludge incinerator each shall not exceed the
concentration calculated using equation (5).
Scxs6,4aa
C DFx(1-C'E)XSF Eq. {5)
View or download PDF
Where:
C = Average daily concentration of arsenic, cadmium, chromium, or nickel in sewage sludge.
CE = Sewage sludge incinerator control efficiency for arsenic, cadmium, chromium, or nickel in hundredths.
DF = Dispersion factor in micrograms per cubic meter per gram per second.
RSC = Risk specific concentration for arsenic, cadmium, chromium, or nickel in micrograms per cubic meter.
SF = Sewage sludge feed rate in metric tons per day (dry weight basis).
(2) The risk specific concentrations for arsenic, cadmium, and nickel used in equation (5) shall be obtained from
Table 1 of §503.43.
TABLE 'I OF §503.43—RISK SPECIFIC CONCENlRA-nON FOR ARSENIC, CADMIUM, AND NICKEL
Pollutant
Risk specific concentration (micrograms per cubic meter)
Arsenic
0.023
Cadmium
0.057
Nickel
2.0
(3) The risk specific concentration for chromium used in equation (5) shall be obtained from Table 2 of §503.43 or
shall be calculated using equation (6).
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TABLE 2 OF §503.43—RISK SPECIFIC CONCENlRA-nON FOR CHROMIUM
Type of Incinerator
Risk specific concentration (micrograms per cubic
meter)
Fluidized bed with wet scrubber
0.65
Fluidized bed with wet scrubber and wet electrostatic
precipitator
0.23
Other types with wet scrubber
0.064
Other types with wet scrubber and wet electrostatic
precipitator
0.016
RSC = 0.0085 Eq. (6)
View or download PDF
Where:
RSC = risk specific concentration for chromium in micrograms per cubic meter used in equation (5).
r = decimal fraction of the hexavalent chromium concentration in the total chromium concentration measured in the exit gas from the
sewage sludge incinerator stack in hundredths.
(4) The dispersion factor (DF) in equation (5) shall be determined from an air dispersion model in accordance with
§503.43(e).
(i) When the sewage sludge incinerator stack height is equal to or less than 65 meters, the actual sewage sludge
incinerator stack height shall be used in the air dispersion model to determine the dispersion factor (DF) for equation
(5).
(ii) When the sewage sludge incinerator stack height is greater than 65 meters, the creditable stack height shall be
determined in accordance with 40 CFR 51.100(ii) and the creditable stack height shall be used in the air dispersion
model to determine the dispersion factor (DF) for equation (5).
(5) The control efficiency (CE) for equation (5) shall be determined from a performance test of the sewage sludge
incinerator in accordance with §503.43(e).
(e) Air dispersion modeling and performance testing. (1) The air dispersion model used to determine the dispersion
factor in §503.43 (c)(2) and (d)(4) shall be appropriate for the geographical, physical, and population characteristics at
the sewage sludge incinerator site. The performance test used to determine the control efficiencies in §503.43 (c)(3)
and (d)(5) shall be appropriate for the type of sewage sludge incinerator.
(2) For air dispersion modeling initiated after September 3, 1999, the modeling results shall be submitted to the
permitting authority 30 days after completion of the modeling. In addition to the modeling results, the submission shall
include a description of the air dispersion model and the values used for the model parameters.
(3) The following procedures, at a minimum, shall apply in conducting performance tests to determine the control
efficiencies in §503.43(c)(3) and (d)(5) after September 3, 1999:
(i) The performance test shall be conducted under representative sewage sludge incinerator conditions at the
highest expected sewage sludge feed rate within the design capacity of the sewage sludge incinerator.
(ii) The permitting authority shall be notified at least 30 days prior to any performance test so the permitting
authority may have the opportunity to observe the test. The notice shall include a test protocol with incinerator operating
conditions and a list of test methods to be used.
(iii) Each performance test shall consist of three separate runs using the applicable test method. The control
efficiency for a pollutant shall be the arithmetic mean of the control efficiencies for the pollutant from the three runs.
(4) The pollutant limits in §503.43 (c) and (d) of this section shall be submitted to the permitting authority no later
than 30 days after completion of the air dispersion modeling and performance test.
(5) Significant changes in geographic or physical characteristics at the incinerator site or in incinerator operating
conditions require new air dispersion modeling or performance testing to determine a new dispersion factor or a new
control efficiency that will be used to calculate revised pollutant limits.
[58 FR 9387, Feb. 19, 1993, as amended at 64 FR 42572, Aug. 4, 1999]
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§503.44 Operational standard —total hydrocarbons.
(a) The total hydrocarbons concentration in the exit gas from a sewage sludge incinerator shall be corrected for
zero percent moisture by multiplying the measured total hydrocarbons concentration by the correction factor calculated
using equation (7).
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eCFR Code of Federal Regulations
Correction factor
(percent moisture) (1-xj q
View or download PDF
Where:
X = decimal fraction of the percent moisture in the sewage sludge incinerator exit gas in hundredths.
(b) The total hydrocarbons concentration in the exit gas from a sewage sludge incinerator shall be corrected to
seven percent oxygen by multiplying the measured total hydrocarbons concentration by the correction factor calculated
using equation (8).
Correction factor _ 14
(oxygen) (21— Y)
View or download PDF
Where:
Y = Percent oxygen concentration in the sewage sludge incinerator stack exit gas (dry volume/dry volume).
(c) The monthly average concentration for total hydrocarbons in the exit gas from a sewage sludge incinerator
stack, corrected for zero percent moisture using the correction factor from equation (7) and to seven percent oxygen
using the correction factor from equation (8), shall not exceed 100 parts per million on a volumetric basis when
measured using the instrument required by §503.45(a).
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§503.45 Management practices.
(a)(1) An instrument that continuously measures and records the total hydrocarbons concentration in the sewage
sludge incinerator stack exit gas shall be installed, calibrated, operated, and maintained for a sewage sludge incinerator.
(2) The total hydrocarbons instrument shall employ a flame ionization detector; shall have a heated sampling line
maintained at a temperature of 150 degrees Celsius or higher at all times; and shall be calibrated at least once every
24-hour operating period using propane.
(b) An instrument that continuously measures and records the oxygen concentration in the sewage sludge
{ incinerator stack exit gas shall be installed, calibrated, operated, and maintained for a sewage sludge incinerator.
(c) An instrument that continuously measures and records information used to determine the moisture content in
the sewage sludge incinerator stack exit gas shall be installed, calibrated, operated, and maintained for a sewage
sludge incinerator.
(d) An instrument that continuously measures and records combustion temperatures shall be installed, calibrated,
operated, and maintained for a sewage sludge incinerator.
(e) Operation of a sewage sludge incinerator shall not cause the operating combustion temperature for the sewage
sludge incinerator to exceed the performance test combustion temperature by more than 20 percent.
(f) An air pollution control device shall be appropriate for the type of sewage sludge incinerator and the operating
parameters for the air pollution control device shall be adequate to indicate proper performance of the air pollution
control device. For sewage sludge incinerators subject to the requirements in subpart O of 40 CFR part 60, operation of
the air pollution control device shall not violate the requirements for the air pollution control device in subpart O of 40
CFR part 60. For all other sewage sludge incinerators, operation of the air pollution control device shall not cause a
significant exceedance of the average value for the air pollution control device operating parameters from the
performance test required by §503.43 (c)(3) and (d)(5).
(g) Sewage sludge shall not be fired in a sewage sludge incinerator if it is likely to adversely affect a threatened or
endangered species listed under section 4 of the Endangered Species Act or its designated critical habitat.
(h) The instruments required in §503.45(a)-(d) shall be appropriate for the type of sewage sludge incinerator.
[58 FR 9387, Feb. 19, 1993, as amended at 64 FR 42573, Aug. 4, 1999]
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§503.46 Frequency of monitoring.
(a) Sewage sludge. (1) The frequency of monitoring for beryllium shall be as required in subpart C of 40 CFR part
61, and for mercury as required in subpart E of 40 CFR part 61.
(2) The frequency of monitoring for arsenic, cadmium, chromium, lead, and nickel in sewage sludge fed to a
sewage sludge incinerator shall be the frequency in Table 1 of §503.46.
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eCFR Code of Federal Regulations
TABLE 'I OF §503.46—FREQUENCY OF MONITORING —INCINERATION
Amount of sewage sludge' (metric tons per 365 day period)
Frequency
Greater than zero but less than 290
Once per year.
Equal to or greater than 290 but less than 1,500
Once per quarter (four times per year).
Equal to or greater than 1,500 but less than 15,000
Once per 60 days (six times per year).
Equal to or greater than 15,000
Once per month (12 times per year).
'Amount of sewage sludge fired in a sewage sludge incinerator (dry weight basis).
(3) After the sewage sludge has been monitored for two years at the frequency in Table 1 of §503.46, the
permitting authority may reduce the frequency of monitoring for arsenic, cadmium, chromium, lead, and nickel.
(b) Total hydrocarbons, oxygen concentration, information to determine moisture content, and combustion
temperatures. The total hydrocarbons concentration and oxygen concentration in the exit gas from a sewage sludge
incinerator stack, the information used to measure moisture content in the exit gas, and the combustion temperatures
for the sewage sludge incinerator shall be monitored continuously.
(c) Air pollution control device operating parameters. For sewage sludge incinerators subject to the requirements in
subpart O of 40 CFR part 60, the frequency of monitoring for the appropriate air pollution control device operating
parameters shall be the frequency of monitoring in subpart O of 40 CFR part 60. For all other sewage sludge
incinerators, the appropriate air pollution control device operating parameters shall be at least daily.
(Approved by the Office of Management and Budget under control number 2040-0157)
[58 FR 9387, Feb. 19, 1993, as amended at 64 FR 42573, Aug. 4, 1999]
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§503.47 Recordkeeping.
(a) The person who fires sewage sludge in a sewage sludge incinerator shall develop the information in §503.47(b)
through §503.47(n) and shall retain that information for five years.
(b) The concentration of lead, arsenic, cadmium, chromium, and nickel in the sewage sludge fed to the sewage
sludge incinerator.
(c) The total hydrocarbons concentrations in the exit gas from the sewage sludge incinerator stack.
(d) Information that indicates the requirements in the National Emission Standard for beryllium in subpart C of 40
CFR part 61 are met.
(e) Information that indicates the requirements in the National Emission Standard for mercury in subpart E of 40
CFR part 61 are met.
(f) The operating combustion temperatures for the sewage sludge incinerator.
(g) Values for the air pollution control device operating parameters.
(h) The oxygen concentration and information used to measure moisture content in the exit gas from the sewage
sludge incinerator stack.
(i) The sewage sludge feed rate.
Q) The stack height for the sewage sludge incinerator.
(k) The dispersion factor for the site where the sewage sludge incinerator is located.
(1) The control efficiency for lead, arsenic, cadmium, chromium, and nickel for each sewage sludge incinerator.
(m) The risk specific concentration for chromium calculated using equation (6), if applicable.
(n) A calibration and maintenance log for the instruments used to measure the total hydrocarbons concentration
and oxygen concentration in the exit gas from the sewage sludge incinerator stack, the information needed to determine
moisture content in the exit gas, and the combustion temperatures.
(Approved by the Office of Management and Budget under control number 2040-0157)
[58 FR 9387, Feb. 19, 1993, as amended at 64 FR 42573, Aug. 4, 1999]
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§503.48 Reporting.
Class I sludge management facilities, POTWs (as defined in §501.2 of this chapter) with a design flow rate equal to
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eCFR Code of Federal Regulations
or greater than one million gallons per day, and POTWs that serve a population of 10,000 people or greater shall
submit a report on February 19 of each year. As of December 21, 2016 all reports submitted in compliance with this
section must be submitted electronically by the operator to EPA when the Regional Administrator is the Director in
compliance with this section and 40 CFR part 3 (including, in all cases, subpart D to part 3), 40 CFR 122.22, and 40
CFR part 127. As of December 21, 2020 all reports submitted in compliance with this section must be submitted
electronically in compliance with this section and 40 CFR part 3 (including, in all cases, subpart D to part 3), 40 CFR
122.22, and 40 CFR part 127. Part 127 is not intended to undo existing requirements for electronic reporting. Prior to
the start dates for electronic reporting (see Table 1 in 40 CFR 127.16), the Director may also require operators to
electronically submit annual reports under this section if required to do so by state law.
[80 FIR 64158, Oct. 22, 2015]
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Appendix A to Part 503—Procedure To Determine the Annual Whole Sludge Application Rate for a Sewage
Sludge
Section 503.13(a)(4)(ii) requires that the product of the concentration for each pollutant listed in Table 4 of §503.13
in sewage sludge sold or given away in a bag or other container for application to the land and the annual whole
sludge application rate (AWSAR) for the sewage sludge not cause the annual pollutant loading rate for the pollutant in
Table 4 of §503.13 to be exceeded. This appendix contains the procedure used to determine the AWSAR for a sewage
sludge that does not cause the annual pollutant loading rates in Table 4 of §503.13 to be exceeded.
The relationship between the annual pollutant loading rate (APLR) for a pollutant and the annual whole sludge
application rate (AWSAR) for 1a sewage sludge is shown in equation (1).
APLR = C x AWSAR x O.001 (1)
View or download PDF
Where:
APLR = Annual pollutant loading rate in kilograms per hectare per 365 day period.
C = Pollutant concentration in milligrams, per kilogram of total solids (dry weight basis).
AWSAR = Annual whole sludge application rate in metric tons per hectare per 365 day period (dry weight basis).
0.001 = A conversion factor.
To determine the AWSAR, equation (1) is rearranged into equation (2):
AWSAR = APLR (2)
C'x0.001
View or download PDF
The procedure used to determine the AWSAR for a sewage sludge is presented below.
PROCEDURE:
1. Analyze a sample of the sewage sludge to determine the concentration for each of the pollutants listed in Table
4 of §503.13 in the sewage sludge.
2. Using the pollutant concentrations from Step 1 and the APLRs from Table 4 of §503.13, calculate an AWSAR for
each pollutant using equation (2) above.
3. The AWSAR for the sewage sludge is the lowest AWSAR calculated in Step 2.
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Appendix B to Part 503—Pathogen Treatment Processes
A. Processes To Significantly Reduce Pathogens (PSRP)
1. Aerobic digestion —Sewage sludge is agitated with air or oxygen to maintain aerobic conditions for a specific
mean cell residence time at a specific temperature. Values for the mean cell residence time and temperature shall be
between 40 days at 20 degrees Celsius and 60 days at 15 degrees Celsius.
2. Air drying —Sewage sludge is dried on sand beds or on paved or unpaved basins. The sewage sludge dries for
a minimum of three months. During two of the three months, the ambient average daily temperature is above zero
degrees Celsius.
3. Anaerobic digestion —Sewage sludge is treated in the absence of air for a specific mean cell residence time at a
specific temperature. Values for the mean cell residence time and temperature shall be between 15 days at 35 to 55
degrees Celsius and 60 days at 20 degrees Celsius.
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eCFR Code of Federal Regulations
4. Composting —Using either the within -vessel, static aerated pile, or windrow composting methods, the
temperature of the sewage sludge is raised to 40 degrees Celsius or higher and remains at 40 degrees Celsius or
higher for five days. For four hours during the five days, the temperature in the compost pile exceeds 55 degrees
Celsius.
5. Lime stabilization —Sufficient lime is added to the sewage sludge to raise the pH of the sewage sludge to 12
after two hours of contact.
B. Processes to Further Reduce Pathogens (PFRP)
1. Composting —Using either the within -vessel composting method or the static aerated pile composting method,
the temperature of the sewage sludge is maintained at 55 degrees Celsius or higher for three days.
Using the windrow composting method, the temperature of the sewage sludge is maintained at 55 degrees or
higher for 15 days or longer. During the period when the compost is maintained at 55 degrees or higher, there shall be
a minimum of five turnings of the windrow.
2. Heat drying —Sewage sludge is dried by direct or indirect contact with hot gases to reduce the moisture content
of the sewage sludge to 10 percent or lower. Either the temperature of the sewage sludge particles exceeds 80 degrees
Celsius or the wet bulb temperature of the gas in contact with the sewage sludge as the sewage sludge leaves the
dryer exceeds 80 degrees Celsius.
3. Heat treatment —Liquid sewage sludge is heated to a temperature of 180 degrees Celsius or higher for 30
minutes.
4. Thermophilic aerobic digestion —Liquid sewage sludge is agitated with air or oxygen to maintain aerobic
conditions and the mean cell residence time of the sewage sludge is 10 days at 55 to 60 degrees Celsius.
5. Beta ray irradiation —Sewage sludge is irradiated with beta rays from an accelerator at dosages of at least 1.0
megarad at room temperature (ca. 20 degrees Celsius).
(6) Gamma ray irradiation —Sewage sludge is irradiated with gamma rays from certain isotopes, such as 60Cobalt
and 137Cesium, at dosages of at least 1.0 megarad at room temperature (ca. 20 'Celsius).
7. Pasteurization —The temperature of the sewage sludge is maintained at 70 degrees Celsius or higher for 30
minutes or longer.
[58 FR 9387, Feb. 19, 1993, as amended at 64 FR 42573, Aug. 4, 1999]
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Need assistance?
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Kalispell AWWTP Biosolids Management Plan
APPENDIX C
EPA BIOSOLIDS GENERAL PERMIT MTG-
650000
to STN This r UNITED STATES ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
t REGION 8
1595 Wynkoop Street
DI✓NVER CO
80202-1129
Phone 800-227-8917
http://www.epa.gov/regionO8
RIL 17 2013
8P-W-WW
Kalispell WWTT
Curtis Konecky
2001 Airport Road
Kalispell, MT 59903
Re: Biosolids Permit Number, MTG-650010
Dear Mr. Konecky,
This correspondence is to confirm your coverage under the recently reissued Environmental Protection
Agency Biosolids permit MTG-650000. Thank you for submitting your Notice of Intent.
Your permit number is MTG.-6You You are authorized under Cate o 2a and 2b. This renewal
expires May 12, 2018; you will need to apply for reauthorization at that time. If you have any concerns
or changes to the activity at your site, contact Bob Brobst at 303-312-6129 or brabst.bob ._Lpa.
It is advised that you download a copy of the General Permit MTG-650000. It can be downloaded from:
http://www2.epa.gov/region8/biosolids.
Sincerely,
VelRey A. Lozano, Actin; Chief
Wastewater Unit
UNITED STATES ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
' .'r REGION 8
1595 Wynkoop Street
DENVER, CO 80202-1129
14� rRo�h Phone 800-227-8917
http://www, epa. gov/regionO8
December 10, 2007
City of Kalispell
Joni Hall-Emrick
Waste Resource Manager
P.O. Box 1997
2001 Airport Road
Kalispell, MT 59901
Dear Ms. Hall-Emrick:
This correspondence is to confirm the renewal of your biosolids permit.
Thank you for your Notice of Intent submitted for renewal and updated information.
Your permit number is MTG 6500010. This renewal is effective until
October 19, 2012. If you have any concerns or new information pertaining to your "site
activity," contact Bob Brobst at 303-312-6129 or e-mail Brobst.Bob@epa.gov.
Sincerely,
Sandra Stavnes, Chief
Wastewater Unit
Permit No. MTG650000
u6E �h as
UNITED STATES ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
REGION 8
1595 WYNKOOP STREET
DENVER, COLORADO 80202-1129
GENERAL PERMIT FOR FACILITIES/OPERATIONS THAT
GENERATE TREAT AND/OR USE/DISPOSE OF SEWAGE SLUDGE
BY MEANS OF.LAND APPLICATION LANDFILL AND SURFACE
DISPOSAL UNDER THE
NATIONAL POLLUTANT DISCHARGE ELIMINATION SYSTEM
IN
the State of Montana except for Indian country.
In compliance with the provisions of the Clean Water Act, as amended, (33 U.S.C. §1251 et
seq; "the Act"), the persons covered under this general permit are authorized to use/dispose of sewage
sludge by means of land application, landfill, and surface disposal, in accordance with specific
limitations, monitoring requirements, management practices and other conditions set forth herein.
Authorization for coverage under this permit is limited to those facilities and/or operations identified
in the notice of intent or separate permit applications that have been accepted in place of a notice of
intent.
This permit shall become effective October 19, 2007.
This permit and the authorization to use/dispose of sewage sludge shall expire at midnight,
October 19, 2012.
Signed thisDJ, day of ' `
Author* Permitting Official
Stephen S. Tuber, Assistant Regional Administrator
Offices of Partnerships and Regulatory Assistance
Title
Authorization under
GENERAL PERMIT FOR FACILITIESIOPERATIONS THAT GENERATE, TREAT,
AND/OR USE/DISPOSE OF SEWAGE SLUDGE BY MEANS OF LAND
APPLICATION, LANDFILL, AND SURFACE DISPOSAL UNDER THE
NATIONAL POLLUTANT DISCHARGE ELIMINATION SYSTEM
City of Kalispell
Joni Hall-Emrick
Water Resource Manager
P.O. Box 1997
2001 Airport Road
Kalispell, MT 59901
Assigned Permit Number MTG 650010
You are authorized under the category(s) listed below:
Category 1. Facilities/operations that generate and/or partially treat sewage sludge,
but do not use/dispose of sewage sludge. The sewage sludge is sent
elsewhere for final treatment and use/disposal. This does not apply to
wastewater lagoon systems unless the facility is notified to apply for
coverage under this category.
Category 2. Facilities/operations that use/dispose of sewage sludge and may also
generate and/or treat sewage sludge. Facilities/operations that treat
sewage sludge and have someone else use/dispose of the sewage sludge
without further treatment (e.g., contractors land applying sewage
sludge) are considered to be in this category. The applicant may apply
for coverage under one or more of the following subcategories:
Subcategory 2.a. Facilities/operations that land apply sewage sludge and may
also generate and/or treat sewage sludge.
Subcategory 2.b. Facilities/operations that landfill sewage sludge and may also
generate and/or treat sewage sludge.
Permit No, MTG650000
Page No. 2 of 71
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Cover Sheet --Issuance and Expiration Dates
COVERAGE UNDER THIS PERMIT
1.1. Introduction
1.2. Permit Area
1.3. Eligibility
1.4. Limitations on Eligibility
1.5. Obtaining Coverage Under This Permit
2. NOTICE OF INTENT REQUIREMENTS
2.1. Deadlines for Applying for Permit Coverage
2.2. Contents of Notice of Intent
2.3. Where to Submit
3. SPECIFIC REQUIREMENTS FOR FACILITIES/OPERATIONS THAT ONLY GENERATE AND/OR
PARTIALLY TREAT SEWAGE SLUDGE (Category 1)
3.1. Applicability of This Part
32. Specific Limitations and Self -Monitoring Requirements for Facilities/Operations That Only Generate
and/or Partially Treat Sewage Sludge
4. SPECIFIC REQUIREMENTS FOR LAND APPLICATION OF SEWAGE SLUDGE (Subcategory 2.a.)
4.1. Specific Limitations and Self -Monitoring Requirements for Land Application
4.2. Management Practices for Application of Sewage Sludge to Land
4.3. Special Conditions on Sewage Sludge Storage for Land Application
4A. Recordkeeping for Land Application
5. SPECIFIC REQUIREMENTS FOR LANDFILLING OF SEWAGE SLUDGE (Subcategory 2.b.)
5.1. Specific Limitations and Self -Monitoring Requirements for Landfil ling of Sewage Sludge
5.2. Management Practices for Landfill ing of Sewage Sludge
5.3. Recordkeeping for Landfilling of Sewage Sludge
6. SPECIFIC REQUIREMENTS FOR SURFACE DISPOSAL OF SEWAGE SLUDGE (Subcategory 2.c.)
6.1. Specific Limitations and Self -Monitoring Requirements for Surface Disposal
6.2. Management Practices for Surface Disposal of Sewage Sludge
6.3. Special Conditions for Surface Disposal
6.4. Recordkeeping for Surface Disposal
7. SPECIFIC REQUIREMENTS FOR LIMITED. LAND APPLICATION OF SEWAGE SLUDGE FROM
WASTEWATER LAGOONS (Category 3)
7.1. Specific Limitations and Self -Monitoring Requirements for Limited Land Application of Sewage
Sludge from Wastewater Lagoons
T2. Management Practices for Limited Land Application
7.3. Special Conditions on Sewage Sludge Storage for Limited Land Application
7.4. Recordkeeping for Limited Land Application
8. MONITORING, RECORDING AND REPORTING REQUIREMENTS
8.1 . Representative Sampling
8.2. Monitoring Procedures
8.3. Penalties for Tampering
8.4. Reporting of Monitoring Results and Other Information
Permit No. MTG650000
Page No. 3 of 71
TABLE OF CONTENTS (Continued)
8.5. Additional Monitoring by the Permittee
8.6. Twenty -Four Hour Notice of Noncompliance Reporting
8.7. Other Noncompliance Reporting
8.8. Inspection and Entry
9. COMPLIANCE RESPONSIBILITIES
9.1. Duty to Comply
9.2. Penalties for Violations of Permit Conditions
9.3 . Need to Halt or Reduce Activity not a Defense
9.4. Duty to Mitigate
9.5. Proper Operation and Maintenance
10.GENERAL REQUIREMENTS
10.1. Planned Changes
10.2. Anticipated Noncompliance
10.3. Permit Actions
10.4. Duty to Reapply
10.5. Duty to Provide Information
10.6. Other Information
10.7. Signatory Requirements
10.8. Penalties for Falsification of Reports
10.9. Availability of Reports
10.10.Oil and Hazardous Substance Liability
10.11. Property Rights
10,12. Severability
10.13. Transfers
10.14. State Laws
10.15. Reopener Provision
I LDEFINITIONS
12.APPROVED METHODS FOR THE ANALYSIS OF SEWAGE SLUDGE (40 CFR Part 503)
Permit No. MTG650000
Page No. 4 of 71
1. COVERAGE UNDER THIS PERMIT
1.1. Introduction: This general permit is intended for the permitting of the generation, treatment, and/or the
use/disposal of sewage sludge that occurs within the area covered by this permit. In most instances all
three of these activities will be conducted by the treatment works that generated the sewage sludge.
Only those sewage sludge related activities (i.e., generation, treatment, and use/disposal) that occur
within the geographical area covered by this permit can be covered by this permit. If the generation,
treatment, and/or use/disposal of the sewage sludge occurs in more than one permitting jurisdiction
(e.g., in Indian country and outside Indian country), it most likely will be necessary to obtain permit
coverage in each permitting jurisdiction.
Coverage under this permit will be limited to one of the following three categories:
Category 1. Facilities/operations that generate and/or partially treat sewage sludge, but do not
use/dispose of sewage sludge. The sewage sludge is sent elsewhere for final treatment and
use/disposal. This does not apply to wastewater lagoon systems unless the facility is
notified to apply for coverage under this category.
Category 2. Facilities/operations that use/dispose of sewage sludge and may also generate and/or treat
sewage sludge. Facilities/operations that treat sewage sludge and have someone else
use/dispose of the sewage sludge without further treatment (e.g., contractors land applying
sewage sludge) are considered to be in this category. The applicant may apply for
coverage under one or more of the following subcategories:
Subcategory 2.a. Facilities/operations that land apply sewage sludge and may also generate and/or
treat sewage sludge.
Subcategory 2.b. Facilities/operations that landfill sewage sludge and may also generate and/or
treat sewage sludge.
Subcategory 2.c. Facilities/operations that surface dispose of sewage sludge and may also generate
and/or treat sewage sludge.
Category 3. Wastewater lagoon systems that need to land apply sewage sludge on an occasional,
restricted basis. Under this category the land application of sewage sludge is limited to
once every twenty (20) years per land application site and the application rate shall not
exceed one dry metric ton per acre unless prior written approval is granted by the permit
issuing authority. Sewage sludge may be removed from a wastewater lagoon system more
frequently than once every 20 years, but it may be land applied to a specific land
application site only once every 20 years under this category.
The permit issuing authority will have the final determination as to which category or
subcategory(s) coverage under this permit will be granted.
The specific requirements for Category 1 are given in Part 3 of this permit. Category 2
Facilitiesloperations have the options of using/disposing of sewage sludge by means of land application,
landfill, and surface disposal. The incineration of sewage sludge is not authorized by this permit. The
land application requirements, Subcategory 2.a., are given in Part 4, the landfill requirements
(Subcategory 2.b., are given in Part 5, and the surface disposal requirements, Subcategory 2.c., are given
in Part 6. Facilities that use/dispose of sewage sludge by one or more of these three methods must
obtain permit coverage under the appropriate subcategory(s) and must comply with the requirements of
each part of the permit as applicable. Facilities/operations that need to dispose of sewage sludge at a
landfill(s) on an emergency basis do not need to obtain coverage under subcategory 2.b. provide that the
annual amount of sewage sludge disposed of at the landfills does not exceed the average amount of
Permit No. MTG650000
Page No. 5 of 71
sludge that would be produced in 60 days. Sludge disposed of at the landfill(s) must meet the
requirements of Part 5 of this permit. The names and locations of the landfills receiving the sewage
sludge and the amounts of sewage sludge disposed at each landfill must be reported in the annual report.
Category 3 is intended for wastewater lagoon systems that need to infrequently remove sewage sludge
from the lagoon system and will land apply the sewage sludge. The specific requirements for Category
3 are given in Part 7 of this pennit.
1.2. Permit Area: This general permit covers the State of Montana except for Indian country,
13. Eli ibilitx: This permit provides coverage for the generation, treatment, and/or use/disposal of sewage
sludge that occurs within the area covered by this permit. The use/disposal of the sewage sludge must
be by means of land application, landfill, and/or surface disposal.
A person that has an EPA issued individual permit for sewage sludge generation, treatment, and/or
use/disposal, other than an individual permit required under Part 1.6, may request that the individual
permit be revoked and that the coverage be provided under this general permit.
1.4. Limitations on Eligibility:
1.4.1, Facilities that incinerate sewage sludge are not eligible for coverage under this pen -nit.
1.4.2. 'rhe generation, treatment and/or the use/disposal of sewage sludge that are likely to adversely affect
a threatened or endangered species listed under section 4 of the Endangered Species Act or its
designated critical habitat are not eligible for coverage under this permit.
1,4.3. The generation, treatment and/or the use/disposal of sewage sludge with unconsidered adverse
effects on properties listed or eligible for listing on the national Register of Historic Places under the
National Historic Preservation Act are not eligible for coverage under this permit.
1.4.4. Sewage sludge generation, treatment, and/or use/disposal that occurs outside the area covered by this
permit are not eligible for coverage under this permit. Those activities must be covered by an
individual permit or a general permit that covers that area.
1.5. Obtaining_Coverage Udder This Permit
1.5.1. In order for a facility/operation that generates, treats, and/or uses/disposes of sewage sludge to be
covered under this general permit, the generation, treatment, and/or use disposal of the sewage
sludge must be eligible for coverage under this permit and one of the following must apply:
1.5.1.1. A complete Notice of Intent (NO1) must be submitted in accordance with the requirements of Part
2 and the facility/operation receives a written notice of coverage from the permit issuing
authority; or
1.5.1.2. A complete application has been submitted for renewal of an individual permit issued by EPA for
the generation, treatment, and/or use disposal of sewage sludge and the applicant receives written
notification of coverage under the general pen -nit from the permit issuing authority; or
1.5.1.3. A facility/operation was covered under the previous general permit and has submitted a timely
request for renewal of coverage under the general permit; or
1.5.1.4. A facility/operation is notified by EPA that its sewage sludge generation, treatment, and/or
use/disposal is covered by this general permit even if the facility/operation has not submitted a
NO[ to be covered by the general permit.
Permit No. MTG650000
Page No. 6 of 71
Coverage under this general permit begins upon receipt of the written notice of coverage from the
permit issuing authority. Coverage for additional land application sites (not identified in the
original NOI or submitted for review under the previous permit) begins 45 days after submittal of
the required information unless the permittee is notified otherwise by the permit issuing
authority.
The Director may deny coverage under this general permit and require submittal of an application for an
individual NPDES permit based on a review of the NOI and/or other information.
1.6. Requiring An Individual Permit Or An Alternative General Permit.
1.6.1. The Director may require any person covered by this permit to apply for and/or obtain either an
individual NPDES permit or an alternative NPDES general permit. Cases where an individual
permit may be required include those listed at 40 CFR Part 122.28(b)(3)(i). Any interested person
may petition the Director to take action under this paragraph. Where the Director requires a person
covered under this permit to apply for an individual NPDES permit, the Director shall notify the
person in writing that a pen -nit application is required. This notification shall include a brief
statement of the reasons for this decision, an application form, a statement setting a deadline for the
person to file the application, and a statement that on the effective date of issuance of the individual
NPDES permit or the alternative general permit as it applies to the individual permittee, coverage
under this general permit shall automatically terminate. Applications shall be submitted to the
address given in Part 2.3 of this permit. The Director may grant additional time to submit the
application upon request of the applicant. Failure to submit an application within the required time
will be considered a violation of this permit.
1.6.2. Any permittee covered by this permit may requestto be excluded from the coverage of this permit by
applying for an individual permit. In such cases, the permittee shall submit an individual application
in accordance with the requirements of 40 CFR Part 122.21, with reasons supporting the request, to
the Director at the address given in Part 2.3 of this pen -nit. The request may be granted by issuance
of any individual permit or an alternative general permit if the reasons cited by the permittee are
adequate to support the request.
1.6.3. When an individual NPDES permit is issued to a person otherwise subject to this penn it, or the
person is authorized coverage under an alternative NPDES general permit, the applicability of this
pennit to the individual NPDES permittee is automatically terminated on the effective date of the
individual permit or the date of authorization of coverage under the alternative general permit,
whichever the case may be. When an individual NPDES permit is denied to an owner or operator
otherwise subject to this permit, or the owner or operator is denied for coverage under an alternative
NPDES general permit, the applicability of this permit to the individual NPDES permittee is
automatically terminated on the date of such denial, unless otherwise specified by the Director.
2. NOTICE OF INTENT REQUIREMENTS
2.1. Deadlines for Applying for Permit Coverage
2.1.1. Facilities/operations that had coverage under the previous general permit and have submitted a
timely request for coverage under this renewal pennit will be notified that they are covered under
this permit unless the permit issuing authority notifies them to submit a new NOI.
2.1.2. Facilities/operations that belong in either Category I or Category 2 as described in Part 1.1 and one
of the following apply:
2.1.2.1. Do not have coverage under a current EPA issued permit;
Permit No. MTG650000
Page No. 7 of 71
2.1.2.2. Their coverage under an EPA issued individual permit for sewage sludge related activities will
expire within 180 days after the effective date of this permit;
2.1.2.3. Have coverage under an EPA issued permit for sewage sludge related activities and that permit
has expired, but has been administratively extended; or
2.1.2.4. Had coverage under the previous general permit, but did not submit a timely request for coverage
under this renewal permit;
must submit a complete Notice of Intent (NOI) in accordance with the requirements of Part 2.2
within ninety (90) days after the effective date of this permit or have already submitted a
complete application for renewal of an individual permit issued by EPA for the generation,
treatment, and/or use disposal of sewage sludge. (This deadline does not apply to wastewater
lagoon systems that are submitting a new NOI for coverage under the provisions of Category 3.)
2.1.3. Facilities/operations that belong in either Category 1 or Category 2 as described in Part 1.1 and have
coverage under an EPA issued permit that will expire more than 180 days after the effective date of
this permit must submit a complete NOI in accordance with the requirements of Part 2.2 within
ninety (90) days after the effective date of this permit or at least 180 days before the expiration
date of their current permit, whichever occurs later. If a facility/operation has already submitted
a complete application for renewal of its individual permit, the Director may choose to accept that
application in place of an NOi. (This deadline does not apply to wastewater lagoon systems that are
applying for coverage under the provisions of Category 3.)
2.1.4. New facilities/operations that will belong in either Category 1 or Category 2 as described in Part 1.1
must submit an NOI in accordance with the provisions of Part 2.2 at least 90 days before the planned
start of the generation, treatment and/or use/disposal of the sewage sludge. New facilities/operations
that do not yet have the required sewage sludge monitoring data shall submit the required data
separately within the time specified in Part 2.2.2 after the start of the use/disposal of the sewage
sludge. New operations that use/dispose of sewage sludge, but do not treat it, are required to submit
all of the required data with the NOL
2.1.5. Facilities/operations that have coverage under this general permit and want to change coverage (e.g.,
from Category 1 to Category 2) or add additional coverage (e.g., have coverage for land application
and want to add coverage for disposal by landfilling), must submit a complete NOI in accordance
with the provisions of Part 2.2 at least 90 days before the planned start of the activity for which
coverage is being requested.
2.1.6. Operators of wastewater lagoon systems that normally do not use/dispose of sewage sludge and want
to land apply sewage sludge from the lagoon system under the provisions of Category 3 must submit
a complete NOI in accordance with the requirements of Part 2.2 at least thirty (30) days prior to the
planned start of the land application of the sewage sludge.
2.1.7. Operators of wastewater lagoon systems that normally do not use/dispose of sewage sludge and want
to use/dispose of sewage sludge under the provisions of Category 2 must submit acornplete NOI in
accordance with the requirements of Part 2.2 at least ninety (90) days prior to the planned start of
use/disposal of the sewage sludge.
2.1.8, Wastewater lagoon systems that do not routinely use/dispose of sewage sludge and have been
notified that they need to apply for permit coverage under Category l or Category 2 must submit a
complete NOI in accordance with the requirements of Part 2.2 within ninety (90) days after being
notified.
Permit No. MTG650000
Page No. 8 of 71
2,2. Contents of Notice of Intent
NOTE: An electronic copy of Part 2.2, Contents of Notice of Intent, in rich text format (rtf), is available
for downloading at the Region 8 web page at the following URL:
http://www.epa.gov/region08/biosoIids/. That document may be used to prepare the NOI in letter
format for submittal.
NOTE: It is not necessary to submit an NOI if a current application for an individual NPDES permit for
sewage sludge has been submitted to EPA Region 8 and the application is considered complete.
The information requested in the NOI may be submitted in one of the following three methods:
• Letter format;
• Combination of hard (printed) copy using EPA's Biosolids Data Management System (BDMS) and
in letter format. The letter format shall include the required information not included in the BDMS
and the certification as given in Part 2.2.4 (The BDMS program may be downloaded from the
Region 8 Biosolids Management Program's WEB page. The URL for the BDMS is
http://www.epa.gov/regionO8/biosolids/; or
• Combination of letter format and electronic format. The letter format portion of the submittal shall
include the information required in Part 2.2.1, the required information that is not submitted in
electronic format, a description of the electronic format used, a listing of the information included in
electronic format, and the certification as given in Part 2.2.4. The information submitted in
electronic format shall be in either BDMS, a Lotus0I23 spreadsheet (version 9.8 or older), a
Microsoft'Excel spreadsheet (version Office 2003 or older), or a Microsoft" Access database (version
Office 2003 or older). The electronic files must be on either CD-ROMs, DVDs, 3 1/2 inch floppy
disks. The electronic files must be in the form that they can be opened by the aforementioned
software programs and the data viewed and/or printed in those programs.
Applicants shall complete the appropriate parts of the NOI as specified below based on the category for
which coverage is being requested:
Category Parts of NOI to Complete
1 Parts 2.2.1 and 2.2.4.
2 Parts 2.2.1, 2.2.2, and 2.24.
3 Parts 2.2.1, 2.2.3, and 2.2.4.
NOTE: All applicants must complete Part 2.2.4 and 'include the certification statement in the
signed document.
2.2.1. Basic Information - All Applicants Complete
2.2.1.1, Official or legal name of applicant.
2.2.1.2. Responsible Official
• Name
• Title
• Mailing Address
• Phone
2.2.1.3. Contact Person
• Name
• Title
Permit No. MTG650000
Page No. 9 of 71
• Office Phone
• Cell Phone
• E-mail
• Fax
2.2.1.4. Facility/operation Physical Address
• Street
• City/State
• County
• Latitude and longitude of the facility
2.2.1.5. Facility/operation Mailing Address
2.2.1.6. Status of applicant as Federal, State, public, private, or other entity.
2.2.1.7. Indian Country
• is the facility/operation located in Indian country?
• Are any of the sewage sludge use/disposal activities covered under this notice of intent located
on Indian country? If yes, provide a description.
2.2.1.8. Specify the category or subcategories, as described in Part 1.1, for which coverage under this
permit is requested. Coverage under more than one subcategory may be requested.
Category 1: Facilities/operations that generate and/or partially treat sewage sludge, but do not
use/dispose of sewage sludge.
Category 2: Facilities/operations that use/dispose of sewage sludge and may also generate
and/or treat sewage sludge. Facilities/operations that treat sewage sludge and have
someone else use/dispose of the sewage sludge without further treatment (e.g., contractors
land applying sewage sludge) are considered to be in this category.
Subcategory 2.a - Land application of sewage sludge
Subcategory 2.b - Landfilling of sewage sludge
Subcategory 2.c - Surface disposal of sewage sludge
Category 3: Wastewater lagoon systems that need to land apply sewage sludge on an
occasional, restricted basis.
Does the facility/operation presently have coverage under this general permit and application is
being made for a change or addition in coverage under the general permit? If yes, provide a brief
description in the change or addition in coverage that is being requested.
2.2.1.9. Is wastewater treatment done at this facility? If yes, provided the following information:
• Approximate population served.
• A brief description of the wastewater treatment process, including the number of treatment
units (e.&, two primary clarifiers). A schematic of the treatment process shall be included as
part of the description. If the facility is a wastewater lagoon system, give the number of cells
and the area (in acres) of each cell.
• Average annual flow in million gallons per day (MGD).
• Does the facility have a pretreatment program?
2.2.1.10. Does this facility have an NPDES permit for the discharge of wastewater? If yes, give the
NPDES permit number and permit expiration date.
Permit No. MTG650000
Page No. 10 of 71
2.2.1.1 1. Does this facility/operation currently have or has it previously had an NPDES pen -nit that
authorizes the use/disposal of sewage sludge? If yes, give the NPDES permit number and permit
expiration date.
2.2.1.12. Does this facility/operation have authorization by the State for the use and/or disposal of sewage
sludge? If yes, give the name of the State authorization document and the authorization number.
2.2.1.13. The amount of sewage sludge generated at the facility in dry metric tons per year (dint/y). If a
wastewater lagoon system, give an estimate of the amount of sewage sludge to be removed in dry
metric tons (dmt).
2.2.1.14. Is any sewage sludge brought into the facility from other sources? If yes, list amount in dmt/y for
each source and give the name and location of each source.
2.2.1.15. Is any sewage sludge sent to another facility for treatment prior to final use/disposal? If yes, list
amount in dmt/y for each facility and give the name and location of each facility.
2.2.1.16. Applicants for coverage under Category 1, provide a summary of analytical monitoring data (i.e.,
sewage sludge quality, percent solids, etc.) on sewage sludge collected during the previous
calendar year or the previous 12 months. Give the average and maximum values.
2.2.1.17. Provide a brief description of the sewage sludge treatment provided at the facility and give the
number of treatment units involved (see Table NOI-1).
TABLE NOI-1
BIOSOLIDS TREATMENT PROVIDED (Number of Units)
THICKENING
CONDITIONING
OTHER
Gravity
Chemical Conditioning
Wastewater Lagoon
DAF
Mixing of Biosolids
Centrifuge
DEWATERING
Oxidation Ditch
Vacuum Filter
STABILIZATION
Pressure Filter
Aerobic Digestion
Belt Filter
Anaerobic Digestion
Drying Bed
Heat Treatment
Drying Lagoon
Wet Oxidation
Heat Drying
Chemical (Limc) Stab.
Centrifuge
Composting
Biosolids Lagoons
2.2.2. Additional Information for Applicants for Coverage Under Category 2
Permit No. MTG650000
Page No. I I of 71
2.2.2.1. Provide a brief narrative description of the methods of final use/disposal of sewage sludge that is
treated and/or received at the facility or operation. Also provide the information in the following
table (TABLE NOI-2) for the previous calendar year or previous 12 months. Enter 0 or N/A
where not applicable. For those facilities that will be starting use/disposal of sewage sludge,
provide an estimate of the amount that will occur during the first year of use/disposal.
TABLE NOI-2
FINAL USE/DISPOSAL FOR PREVIOUS CALENDAR YEAR OR PREVIOUS 12 MONTHS
TOTAL ANNUAL PRODUCTION (Predigestion) in dint
TOTAL ANNUAL PRODUCTION (Postdigestion) in dint
LAND APPLICATION (Total): dmt
Bulk Sewage Biosolids (Total): dint
Derived Material (Total): dmt
Agricultural Land: dint
Agricultural Land: dint
Range Land: _ dmt
Range Land: dint
Forest: dmt
Forest: dint
Public Contact Site: dmt
Public Contact Site: dmt
Reclamation: dmt
Reclamation: dmt
Sold or Given Away: dmt
Sold or Given Away: dmt
Lawn or Garden: dmt
Lawn or Garden: dmt
SURFACE DISPOSAL (Total): dmt
With liner and leachate collection system: dmt
Without liner and leachate collection system:
dmt
LANDFILL (Total): drat
Landfill Disposal: dmt
Landfill Cover; dint
Landfill Name:
Does the landfill comply with 40 CFR Part 258 requirements? (Y/N)
INCINERATION: dmt
OTHER
dint
STORED: dmt
LONG TERM TREATMENT: dint
2.2.2.2. Are contract appliers and/or haulers used to land apply sewage sludge and/or haul the sewage
sludge to the use/disposal site(s)? If yes, provide the following information for each contract
applier or hauler
Pen -nit No. MTG650000
Page No. 12 of 71
• Name of company, organization, or individual;
• Mailing address;
• Name and phone number of contact person; and
• Amount of Use: (Majority/Occasional)
2.2.2.3, Land Application of Sewage Sludge If application is being made to land apply sewage sludge
under Subcategory 2.a., provide the information specified below. The information is to be
provided for each active land application site and for each site that is planned to be used during
the first six (6) months of coverage under this permit. (For those sites where land application will
begin more than six months after start of coverage under this permit, the permittee shall submit an
addendum to its NOI with the information specified below at least 45 days before the planned
start of land application at the site. Coverage for additional land application sites (not identified
in the original NOI) begins 45 days after submittal of the required information unless the
permittee is notified otherwise by the permit issuing authority.):
2.2.2.3.1. For each land application site supply the applicable information listed in Table NO)-3.
TABLE NOT-3
LAND APPLICATION SITE INFORMATION
Site Name
Site No.
State Authorization No.
State Site No.
Name of nearest stream and distance
Owner
Operator
Applier
Latitude
Longitude
Street address or other locational description, or
Section Township Range
Size (acres)
Size (hectares)
Crop(s)
2.2.2.3.2. Metals Total Solids Nitrogen, and Phosphorus Data for Sewage Sludge: For sewage sludge
that is land applied or will be land applied, provide the specified data for the pollutants and
total solids listed in Table NOI-4. The data shall be based on a minimum of three sampling
events that occurred at least one month apart and the data shall be no more than four and one-
half years old. New facilities/operations see Note following Table NOI-5.
Permit No. MTG650000
Page No. 13 of 71
TABLE NOT-4
METALS, TOTAL SOLIDS, NITROGEN, & PHOSPHORUS DATA FOR SEWAGE SLUDGE THAT IS
LAND APPLIED
Pollutants &Characteristics
Units
Average
Concentration
Maximum
Concentration
Number of
Samples
Arsenic (As) a/
tng/Kg
Cadmium (Cd) a/
mg/Kg
Copper (Cu) a/
mg/Kg
Lead (Pb) a/
mg/Kg
Mercury (Hg) a/
mg/Kg
Molybdenum (Mo) a/
mg/Kg
Nickel (Ni) a/
mg/Kg
Selenium (Sc) a/
mg/Kg
Zinc (Zn) a/
mg/Kg
Total Solids
%
Nitrite plus Nitrate (N)
%
Total Kjeldahl Nitrogen (N)
%
Ammonia (N)
%
Total Phosphorus (P)
%
a/ Report as mg per Kg of total solids (i.e., dry weight basis).
2.2.2.3.3. Describe briefly how the applicable vector attraction reduction requirements required under 40
CFR Part 503 for land application of sewage sludge will be met.
2.2,2.3.4. Describe briefly how the applicable pathogen requirements under 40 CFR Part 503 for land
application of sewage sludge will be met.
In addition, provide a summary of data that will show that the sewage sludge that has been or will
be land applied can comply with the applicable pathogen requirements in 40 CFR Part 503.32.
For Class A pathogen requirements the data shall include both monitoring data for the applicable
pathogens and data from applicable process requirements. For Class B pathogen requirements the
data may be either monitoring data for fecal coliforms and/or data for the applicable process
requirements (e.g., time and temperature for sewage sludge digestion, etc.). The data shall be
based on a minimum of three sampling events that occurred at least one month apart and the data
shall be no more than four and one-half years old. See Table N01-5 for list of pollutants that may
be applicable and the data to provide. New facilities/operations see Note following Table NOI-5.
Permit No. MTG650000
Pacre No. 14 of 71
TABLE NOI-5
PATHOGEN AND TOTAL SOLIDS DATA FOR SEWAGE SLUDGE THAT IS LAND APPLIED
Pollutants &
Characteristics
Units
Average
Concentration a/
Maximum
Concentration
Number of
Samples
Fecal Coliform
No.lg b/
{Salmonella
No./4g bl
Helminth OVA
No./g b/
Enteric Virus
PFU/g b/
Total Solids
0/0
a/ Geometric mean shall be determined for fecal coliforms. Arithmetic mean shall be determined for the other
pollutants and total solids.
b/ Results shall be reported on a dry weight basis.
Note: For Parts 2.2.2.3.2 and 2.2.2.3,4 above, new facilitie$/operations that do not yet have the
required sewage sludge monitoring data shall submit the required data separately within six (6)
months after the start of land application of sewage sludge. The data shall be based on a
minimum of three (3) sampling events and the samples shall be collected in accordance with the
requirements of Part 4.1.4, New operations that land apply sewage sludge, but do not treat it, are
required to submit all of the required data with the NOI.
2.2.2.3.5. Provide the data on metals, total solids, nitrates, and phosphorus listed in Table NOI-6 for the
soils at each land application site. The data shall be no more than four and one-half years old
unless the permit issuing authority grants prior approval to use older data. Except as noted
below, a minimum of six representative samples of one foot depth each for each 320 (or less)
acre area are to be collected into one sample and analyzed. Guidance on collecting
representative samples using a random sampling process may be found in Section 2.4 of the
1999 version of the EPA Region S Bi.osolids Management Handbook. In addition, the local
office of the agricultural extension service, the State Land Grant University, etc., might have
guidance on collecting representative samples. For those land application sites that have
length to width ratios greater than 32:1 and are more than 4.0 miles long, the applicant shall
submit a proposed sampling plan to the permit issuing authority for approval. Small-scale
landscaping sites on the wastewater treatment plant grounds, and the sludge treatment facility
grounds, if not collocated, that have a combined surface area of less than 5 acres and where
less than I dry metric ton of sewage sludge has been or will be applied per acre per year, are
exempt from these soil sampling requirements.
The analytical results for phosphorus and metals are to be reported as mg of pollutant per Kg
of soil (dry weight basis). The total solids data are to be reported as percentage. The
analytical results for nitrates are to be reported as mg of nitrate-nitrogen/Kg of soil (dry weight
basis).
The deadlines for submitting these data are given below:
2.2.2.3.5.I I. For new land application sites where the application of sewage sludge is planned to begin
during the first six (6) months of coverage under this permit the data shall be submitted
with the NOI;
Permit No. MTG650000
Page No. 15 of 71
2.2.2.3.5.2. For new land application sites where the application of sewage sludge is planned to begin
more than six (6) months after the start of coverage under this permit the data shall be
submitted at least 45 days before the start of land application; and
TABLE NOI-6
METALS, TOTAL SOLIDS, NITRATES, & PHOSPHORUS DATA REQUIRED FOR SOILS AT LAND
APPLICATION SITE
Name of Land Application Site:
Site No.:
Pollutants & Characteristics
Units
Average
Concentration
Maximum
Concentration
Number of
Samples
Arsenic (As) a/
mg/Kg
Cadmium (Cd) a/
mg/Kg
Copper (Cu) a/
mg/Kg
Lead (Pb) a/
mg/Kg
Mercury (Hg) a/
mg/Kg
Molybdenum (Mo) a/
mg/Kg
Nickel (Ni) a/
mg/Kg
Selenium (Se) a/
mg/Kg
Zinc (Zn) a/
mg/Kg
Total Solids
%
Nitrate (N)
mg/Kg
pH
s.u.
Available Phosphorus (P) 4/, bI,
cl
mg/Kg
a/ Report as mg per Kg of total solids (i.e., dry weight basis).
b/ The sample shall be analyzed for available phosphorus. Depending on the pH of the soil sample; one of
the following methods shall be used for the analysis of available phosphorus:
for soil pH greater than 6.5
sodium bicarbonate extraction (Olsen P), l/ or
ammonium bicarbonate DTPA (AB-DPTA) extraction; 2/
for soil pH 6.5 or less
Bray and Kurtz P-1 extraction. l/ or
Mehlich 3 1/
I / Methods of Phosphorus Analysis for Soils, Sediments, Residuals, and Waters; Southern
Cooperative Series Bulletin No. 4 396, June 2000; Southern extension/Research activity -
Information exchange Group (SERA-IEG); Gary M. Pierzynski, Editor; URL
http://www.seraI7.ext.vt.edu/SERA_17_ Publication.htm; ISBN: 1-58161-396-2
Permit No. MTG650000
Page No. 16 of 71
2/ Simultaneous Extraction of Macro, Micronutrients and trace Elements Using Ammonium
Bicarbonate DPTA (AB-DPTA); Laboratory Manual for SC-564, Soil and Plant Chemical
Analvsis, Spring Semester 1998, Version 4, James R. Self, Juan B. Rodriguez, Soil, Water, and
Plant Testing Laboratory, Department of Soil and Crop Sciences, Colorado State University
c/ The method used for analysis of available phosphorus shall be reported.
2.2.2.3.6. Ground Water Information For each new land application site provide the following
information: (Note: For existing land application sites this information will have to be
provided under the requirements of Part 4.2.2 of this permit):
2.2.2.3.6.1. Ground water classification: If the ground water underlying the land application site has
been classified by the State, the classification shall be reported. If the ground water has not
been classified, that shall be reported.
2.2.2.3.6.2. Annual high ground water level: Determine if the annual high ground water level at any
point under the land application site is likely to be within five (5) feet of the ground
surface. This determination may be made using available ground water data for nearby
wells, the drilling of temporary observation wells at the site, and/or other methods as
appropriate. The results of this determination and the method(s) used in the determination
shall be reported.
2.2.2.3.6.3. Plan to Protect Ground Water Quality: If the determination required in Part 2.2.2.3.6.2
above shows that the annual high ground water level at any point under the land
application site is likely to be within five (5) feet of the ground surface, submit a plan to for
the application of sewage sludge to be conducted in a manner that will not contaminate the
ground water or impair the use classification for that water (if the State has classified it)
underlying the site. The plan may consider such factors as reduced application rates in
areas of possible high ground water levels, etc. The plan shall provide enough specifics so
that the plan can be reviewed for adequacy.
2.2.2.4. Landfilling of Sewage Sludge: If application is being.made to landfill sewage sludge under
Subcategory 2.b., provide the following information:
2.2.2.4.1. The analytical results of all toxicity characteristic leaching procedure (TCLP) tests that have
been conducted within the past three years on sewage sludge that was landfilled. If a TCLP
test has not been conducted within the past three years, a sample shall be collected of sewage
sludge that is going to be landfilled and a TCLP test for metals shall be conducted on that
sample and the results reported. New facilities/operations see Note following Part 2.2.2.4.2.
2.2.2.4.2, A summary of all paint filter tests and total solids analyses that have been conducted on
sewage sludge that was landfilled during the past three years. If paint filter tests and/or total
solids analyses have not been conducted during the past three years, a sample shall be
collected of sewage sludge that is going to be landfilled and the appropriate paint filter test
and/or total solids analysis conducted and the results reported. in addition, the results of any
other tests required by the State and/or local agencies shall also be reported.
Note: For Parts 2.2.2.4.1 and 2.2.2.4.2 above, new facilities/operations that do not yet have the
required sewage sludge monitoring data shall submit the required data separately within three (3)
months after the start of landfilling of sewage sludge. For Part 2.2.2.4.1, a minimum of one
sample is required and for Part 2.2.2,4.2, the data shall be based on a minimum of three samples.
The samples shall be collected in accordance with the requirements of Part 5.1.2. New operations
that landfill sewage sludge, but do not treat it, are required to submit all of the required data with
the NO].
Permit No. MTG650000
Page No. 17 of 71
2.2.2.4.3. A brief description of the process that will be used to comply with the vector attraction
reduction limitations in Part 5.1.1.2 of this permit.
2.2.2.4.4. The name and location of all landfills currently receiving sewage sludge from the applicant.
(For those facilities that will be starting the disposal of sewage sludge by landfilling, provide
information on the sites that are planned to be used during the first 12 months of disposal by
landfilling.)
2.2.2.5. Surface Disposal of Sewage Sludge: If application is being made to dispose of sewage sludge by
surface disposal under Subcategory 2.c., provide the information specified below. The
information is to be provided for each active surface disposal site and for each surface disposal
site that is planned to. be used during the first twelve (12) months of coverage under this permit.
(For those surface disposal sites where surface disposal will begin more than 12 months after start
of coverage under this permit, the pennittee shall submit an addendum to its NOI with the
information specified below at least 90 days before the planned start of surface disposal at the
site. Surface disposal may not start until coverage is granted.):
2.2.2.5.1. The name and location of each surface disposal site to be covered under this permit. Give the
number of sewage sludge units (existing and planned) in each surface disposal site. Give the
minimum distance (in meters) from the boundary of the sewage sludge unit to the property
line of the surface disposal site.
2.2.2.52. Metals Data: For the sewage sludge that is surface disposed or will be surface disposed,
provide the data for the pollutants listed in Table NOI-7. The data shall be based on a
minimum of three sampling events that occurred at least one month apart and the data shall be
no more than four and one-half years old. New facilities/operations see Note following Part
2.2.2.5.4.
TABLE NOI-7
METALS &TOTAL SOLIDS DATA FOR SURFACE DISPOSAL
Pollutants
Units
Average
Concentration
Maximum
Concentration
Number of
Samples
Arsenic (As) a/
mg/Kg
Chromium (Cr) a/
mg/Kg
Nickel (NO a/
mg/Kg
Total Solids
%
a/ Report as mg per Kg of total solids (i.e., dry weight basis).
2.2.2.5.3. Describe briefly how the applicable vector attraction reduction requirements required under 40
CFR Part 503 for surface disposal of sewage sludge will be met.
2.2.2.5.4. Describe briefly how the applicable pathogen requirements under 40 CFR Part 503 for surface
disposal of sewage sludge will be met.
In addition, provide a summary of data that will show that the sewage sludge that has been or will
be surface disposed can comply with the applicable pathogen requirements in 40 CFR Part 503.
The data may be monitoring data for fecal coliforms, data for the applicable process requirements
(e.g., time and temperature for sludge digestion, etc.,) or a signed certified statement that the
sewage sludge is covered with soil or other material in the sewage sludge unit at the end of each
Permit No. MTG650000
Page No. 18 of 71
operating day. The data shall be based on a minimum of three sampling events that occurred at
least one month apart and the data shall be no more than four and one-half years old. Fecal
coliform data shall be expressed as number per gram of solids and the geometric mean, maximum
concentration, and number of samples shall be reported. New facilities/operations see Note
following Part 2.2.2.5.4.
Note: For Parts 2.2.2.5.2. and 2.2.2.5.4 above, new facilities/operations that do not yet have the
required sewage sludge monitoring data shall submit the required data separately within six (6)
months after the start of surface disposal of sewage sludge. The data shall be based on a minimum
of three (3) sampling events and the samples shall be collected in accordance with the requirements
of Part 6.1.4. New operations that surface dispose of sewage sludge, but do not treat it, are required
to submit all of the required data with the NOI.
2.2.2.5.5. Provide a copy of the ground water monitoring plan for each surface disposal site and a
summary of ground water monitoring data collected for each active surface disposal unit either
during the previous 12 months or the previous calendar year.
2.2.2.5.6. Provide a summary of methane gas monitoring data, if collected, for each active surface
disposal unit for either the previous 12 months or the previous calendar year.
2.2.3. Categr3: Additional Information for Applicants for Coverage Under Category 3
Wastewater lagoon systems wanting to land apply sewage sludge on a limited basis under the
provisions for Category 3 shall provide the additional information as specified below. Unless
otherwise specified, all samples are to be collected no more than one (1) year prior to the
submittal of the NOI. The sewage sludge sampling requirements for wastewater lagoon systems
with a design average flow of 1 million gallons per day (MGD) or less are somewhat different than
the sampling requirements for larger wastewater lagoon systems. For those systems with a design
average flow of 1 MGD or less, the specified number of discrete samples is the minimum number of
samples that must be collected from the total of all lagoon cells and other sewage sludge bodies (see
definition of "sewage sludge body" in Part l 1)) frorn which sewage sludge is to be land applied. An
equal number of discrete samples shall be collected from each lagoon cell and other sewage sludge
bodies from which sewage sludge is to be land applied. For wastewater lagoon systems with a
design average flow greater than I MGD the specified number of discrete samples must be collected
from each lagoon cell and other sewage sludge body from which sewage sludge will be land applied.
Only those lagoon cells and other sewage sludge bodies from which sewage sludge is to be land
applied need to be sampled.
2.2.3.1. Metals and Total Solids Data.
The sewage sludge is to be sampled for metals and total solids as listed in Table NOi-8. The
number of samples to be analyzed for metals and total solids will depend on the design average
flow of the wastewater lagoon system and the number of individual lagoon cells or other sewage
sludge bodies to be sampled. 'The minimum number of discrete samples to be collected and the
number of composite samples to be analyzed shall be based on the Table N0I-9. The discrete
samples used to make up the composite samples are to be representative. Guidance on collecting
representative samples using a random sampling process may be found in Section 2.4 of the 1999
version of the EPA Region 8 Biosolids Management Handbook. In addition, the local office of
the agricultural extension service, the State. Land Grant University, etc., might have guidance on
collecting representative samples. Each composite sample shall be analyzed for the listed metals
and for total solids. The analytical results for the metals analyses are to be reported on a dry
weight basis. Approved methods for the analysis of biosolids (40 CFR Part 503) are given in
Appendix A of this permit, The average value of all of the samples, the maximum value of all of
the samples, and the number of samples analyzed shall be reported.
Permit No. MTG650000
Page No. 19 of 71
TABLE NOl-8
METALS AND TOTAL SOLIDS MONITORING
Pollutants
Units
Average
Concentration
Maximum
Concentration
Number of
Samples
Arsenic (As) a/
mg/Kg
Cadmium (Cd) a/
mg/Kg
Copper (Cu) a/
mg/Kg
Lead (Pb) a/
mg/Kg
Mercury (Hg) al
mg/Kg
Molybdenum (Mo) a/
mg/Kg
Nickel (Ni) a/
mg/Kg
Selenium (Se) a/
mg/Kg
Zinc (Zn) a/
mg/Kg
Total Solids
%
a/ Report as mg per Kg of total solids (i.e., dry weight basis).
TABLE N01-9
NUMBER OF SAMPLES FOR METALS AND TOTAL SOLIDS MONITORING
Design Average Flow, MGD
Minimum Number of Discrete
Representative Samples to Be
Collected
Number of Composite Samples
for Each Lagoon Cell and Other
Sewage Sludge Body
Flow < 1
27 a/
a/
I < Flow < 10
42 b/
1 b/
Flow > 10
48 b/
1 b/
a/ An equal number of discrete samples shall be collected from each lagoon cell and other sewage sludge
body from which sewage sludge will be land applied. A minimum of 27 discrete samples shall be collected
for the entire wastewater lagoon system. if necessary, the total number of discrete samples shall be
increased so that an equal number of discrete samples are collected from each lagoon cell and other sewage
sludge body from which sewage sludge is to be land applied (e.g., if 2 lagoon cells are to be sampled, 14
discrete samples shall be collected from each cell for a total of 28 discrete samples.) All of the discrete
samples shall be composited into one composite sample for analysis.
b/ The minimum number of discrete samples that shall be collected from each lagoon cell and other sewage
sludge body from which sewage sludge will be land applied. For each lagoon cell or other sludge body all
of the discrete samples shall be composited into one composite sample for analysis.
2.2.3.2. Fecal Coliform Data
Describe briefly how the applicable pathogen requirements in Part 7.1.2.1 will be met.
Permit No. MTG650000
Page No. 20 of 71
If the pathogen requirements will be met by meeting the numerical limitations on fecal coliforms,
the sewage sludge is to be sampled and analyzed for fecal coliforms and total solids. The number
of discrete samples to be analyzed for fecal coliforms and total solids will depend on the design
average flow of the wastewater lagoon system and the number of individual lagoon cells and
other sewage sludge bodies to be sampled. The minimum number of individual samples to be
analyzed shall be as given in Table NOI-10. The individual samples are to be representative.
Guidance on collecting representative samples using a random sampling process may be found in
Section 2.4 of the 1999 version of the EPA Region 8 Biosolids Management Handbook. In
addition, the local office of the agricultural extension service, the State Land Grant University,
etc., might have guidance on collecting representative samples. The analytical results for each
fecal coliform sample is to be expressed in terms of the most probable number (MPN) of fecal
coliforms per gram of total solids (dry weight basis). The individual analytical results (fecal
coliforms and total solids) for each sample shall be reported. In addition, the geometric mean of
all of the fecal coliform analyses (for all samples) shall be calculated and that value shall be
reported.
TABLE NO]-10
NUMBER OF SAMPLES FOR FECAL COLIFORMS AND TOTAL SOLIDS
Number of Discrete
Design Average Flow, MGD
Representative Samples to Be
Collected (N)
Flow < 1
7 a/
1 < Flow
7 b/
a/ The minimum number of discrete samples to be collected from the wastewater lagoon system
is 7. However, an equal number of discrete samples shall be collected from each lagoon cell
and other sewage sludge body from which sewage sludge will be land applied. Therefore, if
necessary, the total number of discrete samples shall be increased so that an equal number of
discrete samples are collected from each lagoon cell and other sewage sludge body from
which sewage sludge is to be land applied (e.g_ if 2 lagoon cells are to be sampled, 4 discrete
samples are to be collected from each cell for a total of 8 discrete samples). Each discrete
sample shall be analyzed separately for fecal coliforms and total solids.
b/ The minimum number of discrete samples to be collected from each lagoon cell and other
sewage sludge body from which sewage sludge will be land applied is 7. Each discrete
sample shall be analyzed separately for fecal coliforms and total solids.
2.2.3.3. Describe briefly how the site restriction requirements in Part 7.1.2.2 will be met.
2.2.3.4. Describe briefly how the vector attraction reduction requirements in Part 7.1.3 will be met.
2.2.3.5. Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Soils Data
if the applicant wants approval to land apply the sewage sludge at a rate greater than one (1) dry
metric ton (dmt) per acre, the applicant must submit the following information:
2.2.3.5.1, The sewage sludge shall be sampled for the specified forms of nitrogen, total phosphorus, and
total solids as listed in Table N0I-11. The number of samples to be analyzed will depend on
the design average flow of the wastewater lagoon system and the number of individual lagoon
cells and other sewage sludge bodies to be sampled. The minimum number of discrete
samples to be collected and the number of composite samples to be analyzed shall be based on
Table NO]-9. The discrete samples used to make up the composite samples are to be
Permit No. MTG650000
Page No_ 21 of 71
representative. Guidance on collecting representative samples using a random sampling
process may be found in Section 2.4 of the 1999 version of the EPA Region 8 Biosolids
Management Handbook. In addition, the local office of the agricultural extension service, the
State Land Grant University, etc., might have -guidance on collecting representative samples.
Each composite sample shall be analyzed for the pollutants listed in Table NOI-11, The
analytical results for the nitrogen and phosphorus analyses are to be reported on a dry weight
basis. Approved methods for the analysis of biosolids (40 CFR Part 503) are given in
Appendix A of this permit. The average value of all of the samples, the maximum value of all
of the samples, and the number of composite samples analyzed shall be reported.
TABLE NOI-1 I
NITROGEN, PHOSPHORUS, AND TOTAL SOLIDS MONITORING a/
Constituents
Units
Average
Concentration
Maximum
Concentration
Number of
Samples
Ammonia (as N) b/
mg/Kg
Total Kjeldahl Nitrogen (as N) b/
mg/Kg
Nitrate plus Nitrite (as N) b/
mg/Kg
Total Phosphorus (as P) b/
mg/Kg
Total Solids
%
a/ Sewage sludge data required if permittee wants approval to land apply the sewage sludge at a rate greater
than one (1) dry metric ton per acre.
b/ Report as mg per Kg of total solids (i.e., dry weight basis).
2.2.3.5.2. The soils at the site(s) where the sewage sludge is to be land applied shall be analyzed for
nitrate -nitrogen, available phosphorus, total solids, and pH. The data shall be no more than
four and one-half years old unless the permit issuing authority grants prior approval to use
older data. A minimum of six samples of one foot depth each for each 320 (or less) acre area
are to be collected into one sample and analyzed. Sampling point locations for new data are to
be representative. Guidance on collecting representative samples using a random sampling
process may be found in Section 2.4 of the 1999 version of the EPA Region 8 Biosolids
Management Handbook. In addition, the local office of the agricultural extension service, the
State Land Grant University, etc., might have guidance on collecting representative samples.
Depending on the pH of the soil sample, one of the following methods shall be used for the
analysis of available phosphorus:
for soil pH greater than 6.5
sodium bicarbonate extraction (Olsen P), i/ or
ammonium bicarbonate DTPA (AB-DPTA) extraction; 2/
for soil pH 6.5 or less
Bray and Kurtz P-1 extraction, 1/ or
Mehlich 3. 1/
1l Methods of Phosphorus Analysis for Soils, Sediments, Residuals, and Waters;
Southern Cooperative Series Bulletin No. # 396, June 2000; Southern
extension/Research activity - Information exchange Group (SERA-IEG); Gary M.
Pierzynski, Editor; URL http://www.seraI7.ext.vt.edu/SERA_17_Publications.htm;
ISBN: 1-58161-396-2
Permit No. MTG650000
Page No. 22 of 71
2/ Simultaneous Extraction of Macro, Micronutrients and trace Elements Using
Ammonium Bicarbonate DPTA (AB-DPTA); Laboratory Manual for SC-564, Soil
and Plant Chemical Analysis, Spring Semester 1998, Version 4, James R. Self, Juan
B. Rodriguez, Soil, Water, and Plant Testing Laboratory, Department of Soil and
Crop Sciences, Colorado State University
The method of analysis for available phosphorus shalt be reported. The analytical results for
phosphorus are to be reported as rng of phosphorus per Kg of soil (dry weight basis). The
total solids data are to be reported as percentage. The analytical results for nitrates are to be
reported as mg of nitrate-nitrogen/Kg of soil (dry weight basis).
2.2.3.6. Provide maps showing the specific location(s) and acreage to be utilized for land application.
Provide the section, township, and range for each site.
2.2.3.7. What type of cover vegetation or crop will be grown on the application site(s).
2.2.3.8, Provide information on the volume of sewage sludge to be land applied, the application rate, and
the application methods and equipment to be used to insure uniform and timely incorporation.
2.2.4. Certification Statement and Who Signs - All Applicants Complete
The Notice of Intent must be submitted by the organization or entity that has the legal responsibility
for the generation, treatment, and/or use disposal of sewage sludge that will be covered under this
permit, it shall be signed in accordance with the requirements of Part 10.7, and the person signing
the Notice of Intent shall make the following certification:
I certify under penalty of law that this document and all attachments were prepared under my
direction or supervision in accordance with a system designed to assure that qualified personnel
properly gather and evaluate the information submitted. Based on my inquiry of the person or
persons who manage the system, or those persons directly responsible for gathering the
information, the information submitted is, to the best of my knowledge and belief, true, accurate,
and complete. I am aware that there are significant penalties for submitting false information,
including the possibility of fine and imprisonment for knowing violations.
Upon review of the NOI, the Director may request additional information. Coverage under this
permit does not begin until the operator receives written authorization from the Director.
2.3. Where to Submit
The completed NOI must be submitted to the following address:
WASTEWATER UNIT (8P-W-WW)
B10SOLIDS PROGRAM - NOI
U.S. EPA, REGION 8
1595 WYNKOOP STREET
DENVER, CO 80202-1129
A copy of the completed NO[ should be submitted to the State of Montana at the following address:
MONTANA DEPARTMENT OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY
PERMITTING AND COMPLIANCE DIVISION
ATTENTION: BIOSOLIDS PROGRAM
P.O. BOX 200901
HELENA, MONTANA 59620-0901
of the sewage sludge at the facility:
3.1.1. Facilities that generate sewage sludge and provide no or minimal treatment of the sewage sludge
(e.g., concentrating) beyond the treatment that occurs during the treatment of the wastewater. The
sewage sludge is sent to another facility(s) for the treatment necessary to meet applicable
use/disposal requirements;
3.1.2. Facilities that generate sewage sludge and provide partial treatment of the sewage sludge, but the
level of treatment is not adequate to meet the applicable requirements for use/disposal. The sewage
sludge is sent to another facility(s) for the treatment necessary to meet applicable use/disposal
requirements;
3.1.3. Facilities that receive sewage sludge from other facilities (but do not generate any sewage sludge)
and provide partial treatment of the sewage sludge, but the level of treatment is not adequate to meet
the applicable requirements for use/disposal. The sewage sludge is sent to another facility(s) for the
treatment necessary to meet applicable use/disposal requirements; and/or
3.1.4. Facilities that generate some sewage sludge, receive sewage sludge from other facilities, and
provide partial treatment of the sewage sludge, but the level of treatment is not adequate to meet the
applicable requirements for use/disposal. The sewage sludge is sent to another facility(s) for the
treatment necessary to meet applicable use/disposal requirements.
NOTE: If a facility treats part or all of the sewage sludge to the level adequate to meet the
applicable requirements specified in this permit for use/disposal (e.g., land application) and that
sewage sludge is ultimately disposed of by that method (e.g., land application), then the facility must
comply with those requirements for use/disposal. Those requirements only apply to the sewage
Sludge that is used/disposed of by that method. Those facilities that have another facility or person
(e.g., contractor land applying sewage sludge) perform the actual use/disposal of the sewage sludge,
without further treatment by the other facility or person, are considered to be using/disposing of
sewage sludge and are subject to the applicable requirements in this permit for use/disposal of
sewage sludge.
3.2. Self -Monitoring and Reporting Requirements for Facilities/OperationsThat Only Generate and/or
Partially Treat Sewage Sludge
The permittee shall annually report -the following information to EPA in accordance with the
requirements of Part 8.4 (Reporting of Monitoring Results):
3.2.1. Name of facility;
3.2.2. Permit number;
3.2.3. Contact person for this facility:
3.2.3.1 Name;
3.2.3.2. Title;
3.2.3.3. Phone number;
3.2.4. The total amount of sewage sludge, in dry metric tons, that is generated by this facility during the
reporting year;
3.2.5. Sewage sludge received from other facilities during the reporting year:
3.2.5.1. Total amount of sewage sludge received (dry metric tons)
Permit No. MTG650000
Page No. 24 of 71
3.2.5.2. For each facility sending sewage sludge to this facility:
• Name of facility;
• Location of that facility;
• Amount of sewage sludge, in dry metric tons, received from the facility;
3,2.6. Sewage sludge sent to other facilities:
3.2.6.1. Total amount of sewage sludge, in dry metric tons, sent to other facilities,
3.2.6.2. For each facility receiving sewage sludge from this facility:
• Name of facility;
• Location of facility;
• Amount of sewage sludge, in dry metric tons, sent to that facility;
3,2.7. The amount of sewage sludge, in dry metric tons, placed in storage during the reporting year.
3.2.8. A brief narrative description of the treatment provided to sewage sludge. Name each treatment
process and give a brief summary of operating conditions (e.g., anaerobic digestion, 20 days at
25° C),
See Part 9.4 for report format requirements.
3.3. Retention of Records for Facilities/Operations That Only Generate and/or Partially Treat Sewage Sludge
The permittee shall retain records of all monitoring information, including all calibration and
maintenance records and all original strip chart recordings for continuous monitoring instrumentation,
copies of all reports required by this permit and the data to prepare those reports, and records of all data
used to complete the application for this permit, for a period of at least five years from the date of the
sample, measurement, report or application. This period may be extended by request of the Director at
any time.
4. SPECIFIC REQUIREMENTS FOR LAND APPLICATION OF SEWAGE SLUDGE (Subcategory 2.a)
4.1. Specific Limitations and Self -Monitoring Requirements for Land Application
All sewage sludge generated by this facility to be used for land application shall meet the
requirements of Parts 4.1.1, 4.1.2 and 4.1.3 listed below. These limits are effective immediately.
4.1.1 . Chemical Pollutant Limitations for Land Application (See Part 4.1.1.5 for Tables 1, 2, and 3)
4.1. l .1. If the sewage sludge is to be land applied to agricultural land, forest land, a public contact site or
a reclamation site it must meet at all times:
• The maximum pollutant concentrations listed in Table 1 and the cumulative pollutant loading
rates in Table 2; or
• The maximum pollutant concentrations in Table 1 and the monthly average pollutant
concentrations in Table 3.
If the sewage sludge does not meet these requirements it cannot be land applied.
NOTE: If sewage sludge that exceeds Table 3 values, for any parameter, is land applied to a site,
that site thereafter is subject to the cumulative pollutant loading rates in Table 2. Records for
those sites are to be retained in perpetuity.
4.1.1.2, If the sewage sludge is to be sold or given away in a bag or other container for application to the
land for other than lawn or home garden use it shall meet the maximum pollutant concentrations
in 'Fable 1 and the monthly average pollutant concentrations in Table 3.
Permit No. MTG650000
Page No. 25 of 71
If the sewage sludge does not meet these requirements it cannot be sold or given away for land
application.
4,1.1,3. If the sewage sludge is to be applied to a lawn or home garden it shall meet the maximum
Pollutant concentrations in Table 1 and the monthly average pollutant concentrations in Table 3.
If the sewage sludge does not meet these requirements it cannot be sold or given away for
application to a lawn or home garden.
4.1.1 A. The permittee must provide written notification to the EPA and the State of Montana within 90
days of the date of coverage under this permit of the location of any present land application site
where sewage sludge that contained any pollutant in excess of the concentration limitations in
'Fable 3 has been applied. This same notification must be given for new sites as soon as
practicable, but no later than 30 days after learning that the concentration of any pollutant in
sewage sludge has exceeded the concentration limitations in Table 3.
4.1.1.5. Tables 1, 2, and 3 of Chemical Pollutant Limitations
Pollutant
Table 1
Table 2
Table 3
Daily
Maximum
mg/Kg
a/b/c/d/
Cumulative
Pollutant
Loading Rate
Kg/Ha
a/
Monthly
Average
Concentration
mg/Kg
a/c/e/
Total Arsenic
75
41
41
Total Cadmium
85
39
39
Total Copper
4300
1500
1500
Total Lead
840
300
300
Total Mercury
57
17
17
Total Molybdenum
75
NIA
N/A
Total Nickel
420
420
420
Total Seleniurn
100
100
100
Total Zinc
7500
2800
2800
a/ See Part l I for definition of terms.
b/ The limitations represent maximum allowable levels of pollutants in any sewage sludge intended for land
application.
c/ The concentration is mg pollutant per Kg of total solids (dry -weight basis).
d/ Any violation of these limitations shall be reported in accordance with the requirements of Part 8.6.2 of this
permit.
e/ These limitations represent the maximum allowable levels of pollutants based on an average of all samples
taken during a 30-day period.
Permit No. MTG650000
Page No. 26 of 71
4.1.2. Pathogen Requirements
If the sewage sludge is to be land applied to agricultural land, forest land, a public contact site or a
reclamation site it shall be either Class A or Class B (including the site restrictions) as described
below. If the sewage sludge does not meet Class A or Class B it cannot be land applied.
If the sewage sludge is to be sold or given away in a bag or other container for application to land or
for use on a lawn or home garden it shall be Class A as described below. If the sewage sludge does
not meet Class A, it cannot be a _sold or given away in a bag or other container for application to
land or for use on a lawn or home garden.
4.1.2.1. Class A Pathogen Requirements
In order for a sewage sludge to be classified Class A with respect to pathogens, the requirements
in either 40 CFR Part 503 Sec 32(a)(3), 32(a)(4), 32(a)(5), 32(a)(6), 32(a)(7), or 32(a)(8) shall be
met. The two methods most commonly used in Region 8 for meeting the Class A pathogen
requirements are given in Table 4.1.2.1. If the pennittee intends to use another method for
meeting the class A pathogen requirements, the EPA and the State must be informed at least 30
days prior to its use. This change may be made without additional public notice.
The Class A pathogen requirements must be met in the same treatment process as the vector
attraction reduction requirements in Part 4.1.3 are met or in a treatment process prior to meeting
the vector attraction reduction requirements in Part 4.1.3. This requirement does not apply when
the vector attraction reduction requirements are met by using Part 4.1.3.6, Part 4.1.3.7, or Part
4.1.3.8.
TABLE 4.1.2.1: THE TWO METHODS MOST COMMONLY USED IN REGION 8 FOR MEETING
CLASS A PATHOGEN REQUIREMENTS
Fecal Coliform and
Salmonella Limits
Process Requirements (One of the following):
Fecal Coliforms
AND
1. Composting using either the within -vessel or static aerated pile
shall be < 1000
composting method, the temperature of the sewage sludge is
MPN/gram of total
maintained at 55' C or higher for three days.
solids alb/c/
2. Composting using the windrow method, the temperature of the
OR
sewage sludge is maintained at 55' C or higher for 15 days or longer,
with a minimum of 5 turnings of the pile during those 15 days.
Salmonella shall be
< 3 MPN/4 grams of
total solids alb/c/
a/ Based on a minimum of seven (7) samples of sewage sludge collected over a two week period (or as
approved by the permitting authority in your sampling and analysis plan, if you were required to have one
(See Part 4.1.4)). (i.e., If quarterly sampling is required, a minimum of seven samples is required each
quarterly event.) Samples to be analyzed for fecal colifor<ns and/or Salmonella shall be discrete, individual
samples, with no compositing of samples. Samples are to be collected at the time the sewage sludge is used
or disposed; at the time the sewage sludge is prepared for sale or give away in a bag or other container for
application to the land; or at the time the sewage sludge or material derived from sewage sludge is prepared
to meet the requirements in 40 CFR Sec. 503,10 (b), (c), (e), or (f),
b/ Any violation of these limitations shall be reported in accordance with the requirements of Part 8.6.2 of this
permit.
Permit No. MTG650000
Page No. 27 of 71
cl The values of fecal coliforms and Salmonella are to be based on the MPN procedures of analyses. The
membrane filter (MF) procedures of analyses are not acceptable.
4.1.2.1 ,1, Special conditions for facilities/operations that use Alternative 3 (40 CFR 503.32(a)(5)) for
meeting Class A pathogen requirements. In addition to meeting the conditions specified
below, the requirements of (40 CFR 503.32(a)(5)) must also be met.
Facilities/operations that use Alternative 3 (40 CFR 503.32(a)(5)) for meeting the Class A
pathogen requirements, shall provide a detailed sampling plan and quality assurance project
plan (QAPP) that will show that the sewage sludge that has been or will be land applied can
comply with the applicable pathogen requirements in 40 CFR Part 503.32, That sampling plan
and QAPP shall meet the requirements set forth in "EPA requirements for Quality Assurance
Project Plans" (QAIR-5) available at http://www.epa.gov/region08/biosolids.
Facilities/operations that use Alternative 3 shall use only EPA methods 1680 or 1681 for fecal
coliform and 1682 for Salmonella; and the methods listed in Table 12, APPROVED
METHODS FOR THE ANALYSIS OF SEWAGE SLUDGE, for Helminth Ova and enteric
virus.
4.1.2.1.2. Special conditions for facilities/operations that use Alternative 4 (40 CFR 503.32(a)(6)) for
meeting Class A pathogen requirements. In addition to meeting the conditions specified
below, the requirements of (40 CFR 503.32(a)(6)) must also be tnet.
Facilities/operations that use alternative 4 (40 CFR 503.32(a)(6)) for meeting the Class A
pathogen requirements, shall provide a detailed sampling plan and quality assurance project
plan (QAPP) that will show that the sewage sludge that has been or will be land applied can
comply with the applicable pathogen requirements in 40 CFR Part 503.32. That sampling plan
and QAPP shall meet the requirements set forth in "EPA requirements for Quality Assurance
Project Plans" (QAIR-5) available at http:/lwww.epa.gov/region08/biosolids.
Facilities/operations that use alternative 4 shall use only EPA methods 1680 or 1681 for fecal
coliform and 1682 for Salmonella; and the methods listed in Table 12, APPROVED
METHODS FOR THE ANALYSIS OF SEWAGE SLUDGE, for Helminth Ova and enteric
virus.
4.1.2.2. Class B Pathogen Requirements
In order for a sewage sludge to be classified Class B with respect to pathogens, the requirements
in either 40 CFR Part 503 Sec 32(b)(2), 32(b)(3), or 32(b)(4) shall be met. The methods most
commonly used in Region 8 for meeting the Class B pathogen requirements are given in Table
4.1.2.2. If the perrnittee intends to use another method for meeting the class B pathogen
requirements, the EPA and the State must be informed at least 30 days prior to its use. This
change may be made without additional public notice.
The site restrictions in Part 4.1.2.3 must be met when sewage sludge that meets Class B pathogen
requirements is applied to the land.
Permit No. MTG650000
Page No. 28 of 71
TABLE 4.1.2.2: THE METHODS MOST COMMONLY USED IN REGION 8 FOR MEETING CLASS B
PATHOGEN REQUIREMENTS
Fecal Coli£orrn
Limit
Process Requirements (One of the following):
Fecal Coliforms
OR
1. Anaerobically digested between these mean cell residence times and
shall be < 2,000,000
temperatures specified: 15 days at 35-55' C and 60 days at 20' C. b/
M.PN/gram of total
solids a/ d/
2. Aerobically digested for 40 days at 20' C to 60 days at 15° C. c/
3. Composting using the within -vessel, static pile or windrow methods,
the temperature is maintained at 40' C or higher for 5 days. During
those 5 days the temperature in the pile exceeds 55' C for 4 hours.
4. Sewage sludge is dried on beds at a depth of no more than 9 inches
for a minimum of 3 months. During 2 of those 3 months the average
daily temperature is above 0° C.
a/ Based on a geometric mean of a minimum of seven (7) samples of sewage sludge collected over a two
week period (or as approved by the permitting authority in your sampling and analysis plan, if you were
required to have one (See Part 4.1.4)). (i.e., If quarterly sampling is required, a minimum of seven samples
is required each quarterly event.) Samples to be analyzed for fecal coliforms shall be discrete, individual
samples, with no eornpositing of samples.
b/ For minimum digestion temperatures between 35' C and 20' C, determine the minimum mean cell
residence time using the following equation: 0 = -3T + 120, where 0 is the required minimum mean cell
residence time in days (15 < 0 < 60) and T is the mini num temperature (°C) during anaerobic digestion
time. For temperatures greater than 35' C, use 0 equal to 15 days. The actual mean cell residence time
during anaerobic digestion shall be calculated using the appropriate method described in Environmental
Regulations and Technology, Control of Pathogens and Vector Attraction in Sewage Sludge (Including
Domestic Septage) Under 40 CFR Part 503, EPA Publication EPA/625/R-92/013, Revised October 2003 or
latest revision thereof. If annual monitoring, sampling is to be performed during the most restrictive time
of the year (this is usually during the winter).
c/ For minimum digestion temperatures between 20' C and 15'C, determine the minimum mean cell
residence time using the following equation: 0 = -4T + 120, where 0 is the required minirnum mean cell
residence time in days (40 < 0 < 60) and T is the minimum temperature (°C) during aerobic digestion time.
For temperatures greater than 20' C, use 0 equal to 40 days. The actual mean eel l residence time during
aerobic digestion shall be calculated using the appropriate method described in Environmental Regulations
and 'Technology, Control of Pathogens and Vector Attraction in Sewage Sludge (Including Domestic
Septage) Under 40 CFR Part 503, EPA Publication EPA/625/R-92/013, Revised October 2003 or latest
revision thereof.
d/ The values of fecal coliforms and Salmonella are to be based on the MPN procedures of analyses. The
membrane filter (MF) procedures of analyses are not acceptable.
4.1.2.3. Site Restrictions
If the sewage sludge is Class B with respect to pathogens, the permittee shall comply with all of
the site restrictions listed below:
4.1-2.3.1. Food crops with harvested parts that touch the sewage sludge/soil mixture and are totally
above the land surface shall not be harvested for 14 months after application.
Permit No. MTG650000
Page No. 29 of 71
4.1.2.3.2. Food crops with harvested parts below the land surface shall not be harvested for 20 months
after application if the sewage sludge remains on the land surface for four months or more
prior to incorporation into the soil.
4.1.2.3.3. Food crops with harvested parts below the land surface shall not be harvested for 38 months
after application if the sewage sludge remains on the land surface for less than four months
prior to incorporation into the soil.
4.1,2.3.4. Other food crops and feed crops shall not be harvested from the land for 30 days after
application.
4.1.2.3.5. Animals shall not be allowed to graze on the land for 30 days after application.
4.1.2.3.6. Turf grown on land where sewage sludge is applied shall not be harvested for one year after
application if the harvested turf is placed on either land with a high potential for public
exposure or a lawn.
4,1.2.3.7. Public access to land with a high potential for public exposure shall be restricted for one year
after application.
4.1.2.3.8. Public access to land with a low potential for public exposure shall be restricted for 30 days
after application.
4.1.3. Vector Attraction Reduction Limitations for Land Application
If the sewage sludge is to be land applied to agricultural land, forest land, a public contact site or a
reclamation site it shall meet one of the alternatives listed below.
If the sewage sludge is to be sold or given away in a bag or other container for application to land or
for use on a lawn or'home garden it shall meet one of the first five (5) alternatives listed below. al
4.1.3.1. The mass of volatile solids in the sewage sludge shall be reduced by a minimum of 38 percent
prior to land application.
4.1.3.2. if an anaerobically digested sewage sludge cannot meet the 38 percent volatile solids reduction
requirement, a portion of the previously digested sewage sludge shall be digested anaerobically in
the laboratory in a bench -scale unit for an additional 40 days at 30' C or higher. At the end of the
40 days, the volatile solids content shall have been reduced by no more than 17 additional
percent.
4.1.3.3. If an aerobically digested sewage sludge cannot meet the 38 percent volatile solids reduction
requirement, a portion of the previously digested sewage sludge (with a percent solids content of
2 percent or less) shall be digested aerobically in the laboratory in a bench -scale unit for an
additional 30 days at a temperature between 20 and 22' C, At the end of the 30 days, the volatile
solids content shall have been reduced by no more than 15 additional percent.
4.1.3.4. The specific oxygen uptake rate (SOUR) for the sewage sludge treated in an aerobic process shall
be equal to or less than 1.5 mg of oxygen/hourlgram of total solids at a temperature of 20' C.
4.1.3.5. The sewage sludge shall be treated in an aerobic process for 14 days or longer with a temperature
remaining above 40' C. The average temperature shall be greater than 45" C.
Permit No. MTG650000
Page No. 30 of 71
4.1.3.6. The pH of the sewage sludge shall be raised to a minimum of 12 by alkali addition, but without
the addition of more alkali, the pH shall remain at 12 or above for 2 hours and remain at a
minimum of 11.5 for an additional 22 hours.
4.1.3.7. The sewage sludge shall be injected below the surface of the land and no significant amount of
sewage sludge shall be present on the land surface within one hour after the sewage sludge is
injected. If the sewage sludge meets the Class A pathogen requirements (Part 4.1.2.1), the
sewage sludge shall be injected below the land surface within 8 hours after the sewage sludge is
discharged from the pathogen reduction process.
4.1.3.8. Sewage sludge applied to the land surface shall be incorporated into the soil within 6 hours after
application to the land. Sewage sludge that is incorporated into the soil and meets the Class A
pathogen requirements (Part 4.1.2.1) shall be applied to or placed on the land within 8 hours after
being discharged from the pathogen treatment process.
a/ There are additional pathogen reduction and vector attraction reduction alternatives available
in 40 CFR Part 503.32 and 40 CFR Part 503.33. If the permittee intends to use one of these
alternatives the EPA and the State of Montana must be informed at least 30 days prior to its
use. This change may be made without additional public notice.
4.1.4. Self -Monitoring Requirements for Land Application
At a minimum, upon the date of coverage under this permit, the permittee shall monitor sewage
sludge related activities as specified below. The monitoring results shall be reported in accordance
to the requirements of Part 8.4 of this permit. See Part 8.4 for report format requirements. Samples
or measurements shall be representative of the quantity and quality of the sewage sludge.
If this facility/operation collects samples from sewage sludge bodies (e.g., long-term treatment piles,
compost piles, drying beds, storage piles, lagoon cells, etc.) a sampling and analysis plan is to be
prepared and submitted to the EPA and the State of Montana within 90 days of the date of coverage
under this permit. (If the permittee already has a sampling and analysis plan, that plan may be
updated and submitted. The permittee shall continue to implement the existing plan until the
updated plan is implemented.) NOTE: Either a new plan or an updated plan must be submitted.
If, when coverage under this permit was approved the permittee was not sampling in this manner but
a change in process necessitates this form of sampling, then the plan must be submitted 30 days
before the change occurs. This plan is to detail how representative samples are to be obtained.
Guidance on collecting representative samples using a random sampling process may be found in
Section 2.4 of the 1999 version of the EPA Region 8 Biosolids Management Handbook. In addition,
the local office of the agricultural extension service, the State Land Grant University, etc., might
have guidance on collecting representative samples. The number of samples collected will be at
least as many as those that would be collected annually as required from the amount of sewage
sludge land applied (see Part 4.1.4.5).
4.1 A.1. The sewage sludge shall be monitored for the chemical pollutants listed in Part 4.1.1.5. See Part
4.1.4.5 below for the minimum frequency of monitoring. The concentrations shall be reported as
mg/Kg (dry weight basis) and the average and maximum concentrations shall be reported.
If the concentrations of any pollutant in sewage sludge that is land applied exceeds the limitations
in Table 3 (Monthly average limitation) in Part 4.1.1.5, the limitations in Table 2 must be used
thereafter for each site where that sewage sludge was land applied. The permittee shall determine
cumulative pollutant loadings for all of the pollutants listed in Part 4.1.1.5 for each land
application site where that sewage sludge was land applied. This must be done for each
succeeding application of sewage sludge to that site even if the concentrations of pollutants meet
the limitations in Table 3.
Permit No. MTG650000
Page No. 31 of 71
4.1.4.2. Provide a brief description of the method used during the reporting year to meet the applicable
pathogen requirements given in Part 4.1.2. For Class B pathogen requirements met by fecal
coliform densities and for Class A pathogen requirements, the permittee shall monitor the sewage
sludge for the applicable pathogens. The results shall be reported in the units used in the
limitations (e.g., fecal coliform, MPNlgram of total solids). For Class A pathogen requirements
the samples shall be collected at approximately the time of use/disposal of the sewage sludge. In
addition, for Class A pathogen requirements, the permittee shall monitor the appropriate process
parameters. If the long-term treatment option (see Section 2.7.7 of the 1999 version of the EPA
Region 8 Biosolids Management Handbook for Requirements for The Long -Term Treatment
PFRP Equivalency Option (a.k.a. the "Two Summer Method") is used for meeting Class A
pathogen requirements, the permittee must monitor for helminth ova once for each batch. At
each turning of the pile, the permittee shall monitor for volatile solids, total solids and
temperature. The permittee is not required to monitor for enteric viruses if all other conditions
listed for long-term treatment are followed. If the Class B pathogen requirements in Part 4.1.2.2
are met by complying with one of process requirements, the permittee shall monitor the
appropriate process parameters. See Part 4.1.4.5 below for the minimum frequency of
monitoring. For each sampling event for fecal coliform and/or Salmonella, a minimum of seven
discrete samples shall be collected and analyzed separately. This applies to the fecal coliform
and/or Salmonella sampling for meeting the Class A pathogen requirements and for meeting the
Class B pathogen requirements. If the samples are not collected from sewage sludge bodies (e.g.,
long-term treatment piles, compost piles, drying beds, storage piles, lagoon cells, etc.), the
samples shall be collected on separate days within a two week period. If the samples are
collected from sewage sludge bodies, a minimum of seven samples shall be collected From each
sludge body for each sampling event.
It should be noted that for the analyses of fecal coliforms and Salmonella, the MPN procedures of
analyses are to be used and that the membrane filter (MF) procedures of analyses are not
acceptable.
4.1.4.3. Provide a brief description of the method used to meet the applicable vector attraction reduction
requirements given in Part 4.1.3. If the vector attraction reduction requirements are met by a
treatment process, the permittee shall monitor the appropriate process parameters in the treatment
of the sewage sludge. If the facility/operation produces sewage sludge that meets Class A
pathogen requirements, the determination of meeting the vector attraction reduction requirements
shall include the final sewage sludge treatment process involved. See Part 4.1.4.5 below for the
minimum frequency of monitoring.
4.1.4.4. Provide the average and maximum concentrations of ammonia (as N), total Kjeldahl nitrogen
(TKN), organic nitrogen, nitrates (as N), total phosphorus (as P), and total solids (percent solids)
of the sewage sludge that was land applied during the reporting year. The nitrogen parameters
and the phosphorus shall be reported as percent (%) of total solids (dry weight basis). See Part
4.1.4.5 below for the minimum frequency of monitoring.
4.1.4.5. Minimum monitoring frequency for metals, pathogen requirements, and vector attraction
reduction_rMuirements: The minimum frequency ofmonitori� ►g for the sewage sludge that is
land applied shall be based on the table below.
Permit No. MTG650000
Page No. 32 of 71
FREQUENCY OF MONITORING - LAND APPLICATION
Amount of sewage sludge a/
(dry metric tons per 365 day period)
Frequency
0 < Amount < 290.
Once per year.
290 < Amount < I,500.
Once per quarter (four times per year).
1,500 < Amount < 15,000.
Once per 60 days (six tithes per year).
Amount > 15,000.
Once per month (12 times per year).
a/ Either the amount of bulk sewage sludge applied to the land or the amount of sewage sludge
received by a person who prepares sewage sludge that is sold or given away in a bag or other
container for application to the land (dry weight basis).
4.1.4.6. Soil monitoring for nitrate -nitrogen is required for all land application sites where sewage sludge
has been land applied during the life of this pen -nit except when prior written approval is granted
by the permit issuing authority (does not apply to sewage sludge that is sold or given away in
bags or other containers). A minimum of six representative samples for each 320 (or less) acre
area are to be collected. Guidance on collecting representative samples using a random sampling
process may be found in Section 2.4 of the 1999 version of the EPA Region 8 Biosolids
Management Handbook. In addition, the local office of the agricultural extension service, the
State Land Grant University, etc., might have guidance on collecting representative samples. Use
the following table to detennine if the samples may be collected at one foot depth or if deep soil
sampling is required.
Number of sewage sludge
Mean Annual Precipitation Based on USDA/NRCS al
applications during previous 5
years b/
Less than 18 inlyr
Equal to or more than [8 inlyr
One application during previous 5
No deep soil monitoring required
No deep soil monitoring required
years. No irrigation
Two or more applications during
No deep soil monitoring required
Deep soil monitoring required
previous 5 years. No irrigation
One application during previous 5
No deep soil monitoring required
No deep soil monitoring required
years on land that is irrigated.
Two or more applications during
Deep soil monitoring required
Deep soil monitoring required
previous 5 years on land that is
irrigated.
a/ Based on the U.S. Department of Agriculture, Natural Resources Conservation Service's "Mean Annual
Precipitation Maps" (1961-1990) available online at
http://www.ncge.arcs.usda.gov/products/datasets/climate/data/precipitation-state/index.lrtml or a pdf file
at httpa/vvww,epa.gov/regionO8/biosolids.
b/ Each application of sewage sludge at or less than calculated agronomic rate.
If deep soil sampling is not required, six representative samples of one foot depth each for each
320 (or less) acres are to be collected, composited into one sample for each 320 acres, and that
sample analyzed. If deep soil monitoring is required, the samples are to be collected at one -foot
increments down to either 5 feet or to the confining layer, whichever is shallower. Each one foot
Permit No. MTG650000
Page No. 33 of 71
increment is to be composited with the other nitrate samples from that depth in that 320 acres and
one analysis for nitrate is to be done for each increment. The analytical results are to be reported
as mg of nitrate-nitrogen/Kg of soil (dry weight basis).
The minimum frequency of monitoring is at least once during the life of this permit unless
prior written approval is granted by the permit issuing authority. If soil sampling is done
during the life of this permit to determine the agronomic rates for sewage sludge
application, that data may be used to meet these requirements provided that the depth
requirements indicated by the above table are met (i.e., deep soil sampling is done when
required). If one foot samples were collected to determine the agronomic rate and the
above table shows that deep soil monitoring is required, then additional monitoring is
required using deep soil monitoring. Small-scale landscaping sites on the wastewater treatment
plant grounds, and the sludge treatment facility grounds, if not collocated, that have a combined
surface area of less than 5 acres and where less than 1 dry metric ton of sewage sludge has been
applied per acre per year, are exempt fi-om these soil sampling requirements.
4.1.4.7. Soil monitoring for available phosphorus (reported as P) and pH is required for all land
application sites where sewage sludge has been land applied during the life of this permit except
when prior written approval is granted by the permit issuing authority (does not apply to sewage
sludge that is sold or given away). A minimum of six representative samples of one foot depth
each are to be collected for each 320 acre area and composited into one sample. Guidance on
collecting representative samples using a random sampling process may be found in Section 2.4
of the 1999 version of the EPA Region 8 Biosolids Management Handbook. In addition, the local
office of the agricultural extension service, the State Land Grant University, etc., might have
guidance on collecting representative samples. Depending on the pH of the soil sample, one of
the following methods shall be used for the analysis of available phosphorus:
for soil pH greater than 6.5
sodium bicarbonate extraction (Olsen P), 1/ or
ammonium bicarbonate DTPA (AB-DPTA) extraction; 21
for soil pH 6.5 or less
Bray and Kurtz P-1 extraction. 1/ or
Mehlich 3 1/
i/ Methods of Phosphorus Analysis for Soils, Sediments, Residuals, and Waters,
Southern Cooperative Series Bulletin No. # 396, June 2000; Southern
extension/Research activity - Information exchange Group (SERA-IEG); Gary M.
Pierzynski, Editor; URL http://www.sera17.ext.vt.edu/SERA_17_Publications.htm;
ISBN: 1-581.61-396-2
2/ Simultaneous Extraction of Macro, Micronutrients and trace Elements Using
Ammonium Bicarbonate DPTA (AB-DPTA); Laboratory Manual for SC-564, Soil
and Plant Chemical Analysis, Spring Semester 1998, Version 4, James R. Self, Juan
B. Rodriguez, Soil, Water, and Plant Testing Laboratory, Department of Soil and
Crop Sciences, Colorado State University
The method of analysis for available phosphorus shall be reported. The analytical results for
available phosphorus are to be reported as mg of phosphorus/Kg of soil (dry weight basis).
The minimum frequency of monitoring is at least once during the life of this permit
unless prior written approval is granted by the permit issuing authority. If soil sampling
is done during the life of this permit to determine the agronomic rates for sewage sludge
application, that data may be used to meet these requirements. Small-scale landscaping
sites on the wastewater treatment plant grounds, and the sludge treatment facility grounds, if
Permit No. MTG650000
Page No. 34 of 71
not collocated, that have a combined surface area of less than 5 acres where less than 1 dry
metric ton of sewage sludge has been applied per acre per year, are exempt from these soil
sampling requirements.
4.1.4.8. Sample collection, preservation and analysis shall be performed in a manner consistent with the
requirements of 40 CFR Part 503 and/or other criteria specified in this permit. The analyses for
metals in sewage sludge samples and soil samples are to be done using appropriate methods from
those listed in Part 12 of this permit. The digestion of those samples are to be done in accordance
with the requirements of footnote bl of Part 12. For the digestion procedure, an amount of
sewage sludge equivalent to one gram dry weight shall be used. Monitoring for soil nitrate is to
be performed using the methods in Methods of Soil Analysis, Part 3. Chemical Methods.
Sparks, D.L., Ed., American Society of Agronomy and Soil Science Society of America,
Madison, WI, 1996. The analysis for available phosphorus in soils shall be performed using one
of the applicable methods listed in Part 4.1.4.7 above.
4.1.4.9. Material derived from a sewage sludge that meets the chemical Iimitations in Table 3 (Part
4.1.1.5), the Class A pathogen requirements in Part 4.1.2, and one of the first six (6) vector
attraction reduction requirements in Part 4.1.3 is not required to be monitored unless otherwise
required by the permitting authority. The sewage sludge itself is required to be monitored as
stated above. The pennitting authority may request additional monitoring for material derived
from sewage sludge if the data shows a potential for concern.
4.1.4.10. After two years of monitoring at the frequency specified (may include monitoring done prior to
coverage under this permit), the permittee may request that the permitting authority reduce the
sampling frequency for the chemical pollutants listed in Part 4.1.1.5. The frequency cannot be
reduced to less than once per year for land applied sewage sludge for any parameter. The
frequency also cannot be reduced for any of the pathogen or.vector attraction reduction
requirements listed in this permit.
4.1.4.11. The permittee shall do the necessary monitoring and/or data collection to provide the following
information for each reporting year:
4.1.4.1 1.1. The total amount of sewage sludge, in dry metric tons, that is generated by this facility during
the reporting year;
4.1.4.1 1.2. Sewage sludge received from other facilities during the reporting year:
4.1.4.11.2.1. Total amount of sewage sludge received (dry metric tons)
4.1.4.1 1.2.2. For each facility sending sewage sludge to this facility:
4.1.4.11.2.2.1.
Name of facility;
4.1.4.1 1.2.2.2,
Location of that facility;
4.1.4.1 I.2.2.3.
Amount of sewage sludge, in dry metric tons, received from the facility;
4.1.4.1 1.3.
Sewage sludge sent to other facilities/operations:
4.1.4,1 1.3.1.
Total amount of sewage sludge, in dry metric tons, sent to other facilities,
4.1.4.11.3.2
For each facility receiving sewage sludge from this facility:
4.1.4.11.3.2.1.
Name of facility/operation;
4.1.4.1 1.3.2.2.
Location'of facility/operation;
4.1.4.1 1.3.2.3.
Amount of sewage sludge, in dry metric tons, sent to that facility/operation;
4.1.4.11.4. The amount of sewage sludge, in dry metric tons, placed in storage during the reporting year.
4.1.4.1 1.5. The amount of sewage sludge land applied during the reporting year.
Permit No. MTG650000
Page No. 35 of 71
4.2. Management Practices for Application of Sewage Sludge to Land
If the sewage sludge or material derived from sewage sludge meets the metals limits in Table 3
(fart 4.1.1), the Class A pathogen requirements in Part 4.1.2 and one of the first six (6) vector attraction
reduction alternatives in Part 4.1.3, the following management practices are not required unless notified
in writing by the permitting authority.
The permittee shall operate and maintain the land application site operations in accordance with the
following requirements:
4.2.1. The permittee shall provide to the EPA and the State of Montana within 90 days of the date of
coverage under this permit a current (updated) land application plan. At a minimum, the plan is to
include the components listed in section.2.5 of the 1999 version of the Region 8 Biosolids
Management Handbook. The permittee shall update the land application plan as appropriate and
shall follow the latest version of the plan. Copies of any updates to the plan shall be submitted to the
permit issuing authority with the annual report required in Part 8.4.
4.2.2. Application of sewage sludge shall be conducted in a manner that will not contaminate the ground
water or impair the use classification for that water (if the State has classified it) underlying the sites.
For each land application site that was not considered a "new site" at the time of the submittal of the
NO[, or subsequent revisions thereof, the permittee shall submit the following information to the
permit issuing authority if it has not been submitted previously. The information shall be
submitted within one year of the date of coverage under this permit.
4.2.2.1. . Ground water classification: If the ground water underlying the land application site has been
classified by the State, the classification shall be reported. If the ground water has not been
classified, that shall be reported.
4.2.2.2. Annual high ground water level: Determine if the annual high ground water level at any point
under the land application site is likely to be within five (5) feet of the ground surface. This
determination may be made using available ground water data for nearby wells, the drilling of
temporary observation wells at the site, and/or other methods as appropriate. The results of this
determination and the method(s) used in the determination shall be reported.
4.2.2.3. Plan to Protect Ground Water Quality: If the determination required in Part 4.2.2.2 above shows
that the annual high ground water level at any point under the land application site is likely to be
within five (5) feet of the ground surface, submit a plan for the application of sewage sludge to be
conducted in a manner that will not contaminate the ground water or impair the use classification
for that water (if the State has classified it) underlying the site. The plan may consider such
factors as reduced application rates in areas of possible high ground water levels, etc. The plan
shall provide enough specifics so that the plan can be reviewed for adequacy.
4.2.3. Application of sewage sludge shall be conducted in a manner that will not cause a violation of any
receiving water quality standard from discharges of surface runoff from the land application sites.
Sewage sludge shall not be applied to land 10 meters or less from waters of the United States (as
defined in 40 CFR Part 122.2).
424, Application of sewage sludge shall be conducted in a manner that does not exceed the agronomic
rate for available nitrogen of the crops grown on the site unless prior written approval is given by the
permit issuing authority. At a minimum, the permittee is required to follow the methods for
calculating agronomic rate outlined in the 1999 version of the Region 8 Biosolids Management
Handbook (other methods may be approved by the permitting authority). The facility/operation shall
provide written notification to the applier of the sewage sludge of the concentration of total nitrogen
(as N on a dry weight basis) in the sewage sludge.
Permit No. MTG650000
Page No. 36 of 71
4.2.5. Application of sewage sludge to frozen, ice -covered, or snow covered sites where the slope of the
site exceeds six percent is prohibited.
4.2.6. No person shall apply sewage sludge for beneficial use to frozen, ice -covered, or snow-covered land
where the slope of such land is greater than three percent and is less than or equal to six percent
unless one of the following requirements is met:
4.2.6.1. there is 80 percent vegetative ground cover; or,
4.2.6.2. approval from the ennittinQ authority has been obtained based upon a plan demonstrating
adequate runoff containment measures.
4.2.7. Sewage sludge shall not be applied to sites where the available phosphorous content of the soil, as
indicated by the specified analytical methods, exceeds the following:
4.2.7.1. for soil pH greater than 6.5
4.2.7.1.1. for sodium bicarbonate extraction (Olsen P) U, 80 ppm; or
4.2.7.1.2. for ammonium bicarbonate DTPA (AB-DPTA) extraction 21, 40 ppm;
4.2.7.2. for soil pH 6.5 or less
4.2.7.2.1. for Bray and Kurtz P-1 extraction U, 120 pptn;
4.2.7.2.2. for Mehlich 3 extraction V, 200 ppm.
11 Methods of'Phosphorus Analysis for Soils, Sediments, Residuals, and Waters; Southern
Cooperative Series Bulletin No. # 396, June 2000; Southern extension/Research activity -
Information exchange Group (SERA-IEG); Gary M. Pierzynski, Editor, URL
http:llwww,seral7.ext.vt.edu/SERA_17_PubIications.htm; ISBN: 1-58161-396-2
2/ Simultaneous Extraction of Macro, Micronutrients and trace Elements Using Ammonium
Bicarbonate DATA (AB-DP`TA); Laboratory Manual for SC-564, Soil and Plant Chemical
Analysis, Spring Semester 1998, Version 4, James R. Self, Juan B. Rodriguez, Soil, Water,
and Plant Testing Laboratory, Department of Soil and Crop Sciences, Colorado State
University
The permittee may request these limits be modified if different limits would be justified based on
local conditions (e.g., phosphorus index, see definitions). The limits are required to be developed in
cooperation with the local agricultural extension office, USDA/NRCS office, or local university.
The permittee may request and EPA may approve the use of the phosphorus index or other site
specific limits as a replacement for the limits in the pen -nit.
4.2.8. Sewage sludge shall not be applied to any site area with standing surface water. If the annual high
groundwater level is known or suspected to be within five feet of the surface, additional deep soil
monitoring for nitrate -nitrogen as described in Part 4.1.4.6 is to be performed. At a minimum, this
additional monitoring will involve a collection of more samples in the affected area and possibly
more frequent sampling. The exact number of samples to be collected will be outlined in a deep soil
monitoring plan to be submitted to the EPA and the State of Montana within 90 days of the date of
coverage under this permit. The plan is subject to approval by the permitting authority,
Permit No. MTG650000
Page No. 37 of 71
4.2.9. If the planned crop is not grown or there is significant crop failure (e.g., significant hail damage) in
the next available growing season after the application of sewage sludge, the annual report shall
include the following information for that site:
4.2.9_ l . Crop grown;
4.2.9.2. Nitrogen requirements for crop grown;
4.2.9.3. Amount of nitrogen applied in sewage sludge; and
4.2.9.4. RCSult3 of agronomic rate calculations based on crop actually grown.
Deep soil monitoring for nitrates may be required under the discretion of the permit issuing
authority.
4.2.10. The sewage sludge or the application of the sewage sludge shall not cause or contribute to the harm
of a threatened or endangered species or result in the destruction or adverse modification of critical
habitat of a threatened or endangered species after application.
4.2.11. When weather and or soil conditions prevent adherence to the sewage sludge application procedure,
sewage sludge shall not be applied on the site.
4.2.12. For sewage sludge that is sold or given away, either a label shall be affixed to the bag or other
container or an information sheet shall be provided to the person who receives the sewage sludge.
The label or information sheet shall contain:
4.2.12.1. The name and address of the person who prepared the sewage sludge for sale or give away for
application to the land.
4.2.12.2. A statement that prohibits the application of the sewage sludge to the land except in accordance
with the instructions on the label or information sheet.
4.2.13. Sewage sludge subject to the cumulative pollutant loading rates in Table 2 (Part 4.1.1.5) shall not be
applied to agricultural land, forest, a public contact site, or a reclamation site if any of the cumulative
pollutant loading rates in Table 2 have been reached.
4.2.14. if the treatment plant applies the sewage sludge, it shall provide the owner or lease holder of the land
on which the sewage sludge is applied notice and necessary information to comply with the
requirements in this permit.
4.2,15. Before sewage sludge subject to the cumulative pollutant loading rates in Table 2 (Part 4.1.1.5) is
applied to the land, the following conditions must be met:
4.2,15.1. The person who proposes to apply the sewage sludge shall contact the permitting authority to
determine whether sewage sludge subject to the cumulative pollutant loading rates in Table 2 has
been applied to the site since July 19, 1993.
4.2.15.2. If sewage sludge subject to the cumulative loading limits in Table 2 (Part 4.1.1.5) has not been
applied since July 19, 1993, the cumulative amount for each pollutant listed in Table 2 may be
applied to the site in accordance with Table 2 (Part 4.1.1.5).
4.2.15.3. If sewage sludge subject to the cumulative loading limits in Table 2 (Part 4.1.1.5) has been
applied since July 19, 1993, and the cumulative amount of each pollutant applied to the site in the
sewage sludge since that date is known, the cumulative amount of each pollutant applied to the
site shall be used to determine the additional amount of each pollutant that can be applied to the
site in accordance with Table 2.
Permit No. MTG650000
Page No. 38 of 71
4.2.15.4. If sewage sludge subject to the cumulative loading limits in Table 2 has been applied since July
19, 1993, and the cumulative amount of each pollutant applied to the site in the bulk sewage
sludge since that date is not known, an additional amount of each pollutant shall not be applied to
the site.
4.2.16. For sewage sludge or material derived from sewage sludge that is stored in piles for thirty (30) days
or longer, measures shall be taken to ensure that erosion (whether by wind or water) does not occur.
In addition, best management practices should also be used for piles used for sewage sludge
treatment. if a treatment pile is considered to have caused a problem, best management practices
could be added as a requirement in the next pen -nit renewal.
4.2.17. The permittee shall inspect the application of the sewage sludge to active sites to prevent
malfunctions and deterioration, operator errors and discharges which may cause or lead to the release
of sewage sludge to the environment or a threat to human health. The permittee must conduct these
inspections often enough to identify problems in time to correct them before they harm human health
or the environment. The permittee shall keep an inspection log or summary including at least the
date and time of inspection, the printed name and the handwritten signature of the inspector, a
notation of observations made and the date and nature of any repairs or corrective action.
4.2.18. The permittee shall notify the permitting authority of changes in land application locations (i.e. either
by written notice or e-mail)
4.3. Special Conditions on Sewage Sludge Storage for Land Application
Permanent storage of sewage sludge is prohibited. Sewage sludge shall not be temporarily stored for
more than two years unless written permission is given by the permitting authority. Storage of sewage
sludge for more than two years will be allowed only if it is determined that significant treatment is
occurring.
4.4. Recordkeeping for Land Application
4.4.1. If the permittee prepared material derived from sewage sludge that meets the limits in Table 3
(Part 4.1.1), the Class A pathogen requirements in Part 4.1.2.1, and one of the first six (6) vector
attraction reduction alternatives in Part 4.1.3, the permittee is not required to keep records on that
material unless otherwise required by the permitting authority. If so notified by the permitting
authority the permittee may be required to add additional recordkeeping if infornnation provided
indicates that this is necessary to protect public health and the environment. However, it is necessary
to keep records on the sewage sludge.
4.4.2. For each land application site where sewage sludge is land applied during the reporting year, the
following information shall be recorded:
4.4.2.1. Site Name
4.4.2.2. Site Owner
4.4.2.3. Site Operator
4.4.2.4. Applier
4.4.2.5. Latitude and Longitude of Site
4.4.2.6. Street address, other locational description, or Section, Township, and Range
4.4.2.7. Size (hectares)
4.4.2.8. Crop
4.4.29. Application Rate (metric tons/hectare)
4.4.2.10. Cumulate pollutant loading rate (Kg/Ha), if applicable. The cumulate pollutant loading rate must
be determined each time sewage sludge is applied to a site that has received any sewage sludge
since July 20, 1993, where the concentration of any pollutant exceeded the limitations in Table 3
Permit No. MTG650000
Page No. 39 of 71
in Part 4.1.1. The cumulative pollutant loading rate must be determined for each pollutant listed
in Table 3.
4.4.2,11, The following certification statement, if applicable, that has been signed in accordance with the
requirements of Part 10.7:
"I certify, under penalty of law, that the information that will be used to determine compliance
with the cumulative pollutant loading requirements of Part 4.1.1.I was prepared for each site
on which balk sewage sludge was applied under my direction and supervision in accordance
with the system designed to ensure that qualified personnel properly gather and evaluate this
information. I am aware that there are significant penalties for false certification including the
possibility of fine and imprisonment."
The permittee is required to keep the above information indefinitely for each site subject to the
cumulative pollutant loading rate of Table 2. for the other sites the information shall be retained
for five years.
4.4.3. The permittee is required to keep the following information for at least 5 years:
4A.3.1. Concentration of each pollutant in Table 3 (Part 4.1.1.5).
4.4.3.2. A description of how the pathogen requirements in Part 4.1.2 were met and the results of any
monitoring.
4.4.3.3. A description of how the vector attraction reduction requirements in Part 4. l .3 were met and the
results of any monitoring.
4.4.3.4. A description of how the management practices in Part 4.2 were met (if necessary) and the results
of any monitoring.
4.4.3.5. A description of how the site restrictions in Part 4.1.2.3 were met (if necessary).
4.4.3.6. The results of any other monitoring required under Part 4.1.4, Self -Monitoring Requirements for
Land Application.
4.4.3.7. The following certification statement that has been signed in accordance with the requirements of
Part 10.7:
"I certify, under penalty of law, that the information that will be used to determine compliance
with the pathogen requirements in Part 4.1.2, one of the vector attraction reduction alternatives
in Part 4.1.3, the management practices in Part 4.2 (if necessary) and the site restrictions in
Part 4.1.2.3 (if necessary) was prepared under my direction and supervision in accordance
with the system designed to ensure that qualified personnel properly gather and evaluate this
information. I am aware that there are significant penalties for false certification including the
possibility of fine and imprisonment."
4.4.4. Records of monitoring information shall include:
4.4.4.1. The date, exact place, and time of sampling or measurements;
4.4.4.2. The initials or name(s) of the individual(s) who performed the sampling or measurements;
4.4.4.3. The date(s) analyses were performed,
4.4.4.4. The time(s) analyses were initiated;
Pennit No. MTG650000
Page No. 40 of 71
4.4.4.5. The initials or name(s) of individual(s) who performed the analyses;
4.4.4.6. References and written procedures, when available, for the analytical techniques or methods used;
and,
4.4.4.7. The results of such analyses, including the bench sheets, instrument readouts, computer disks or
.tapes, etc., used to determine these results.
4.4.5. The permittee shall retain records of all monitoring information, including all calibration and
maintenance records and all original strip chart recordings for continuous monitoring
instrumentation, copies of all reports required by this permit and records of all data used to complete
the application for this permit for at least five years.
5. SPECIFIC REQUIREMENTS FOR LANDFILLING OF SEWAGE SLUDGE (Subcategory 2.b.)
5.1. Specific Limitations and Self Monitoring Requirements for Landfilling of Sewage Sludge
5.1.1. The disposal of sewage sludge by landfilling shall be clone only at municipal solid waste landfill
(MS WLF) units, as defined by 40 CFR Part 258.2, that are in compliance with the requirements of
40 CFR Part 258. The -sewage sludge shall be in compliance with 40 CFR Part 258 and shall meet
the following requirements:
5.1.1.I . Hazardous Wastes Characteristics and Moisture Content
5. l .1.1.1. The sewage sludge shall not exhibit the characteristics of a hazardous waste as defined in 40
CFR Part 261, Subpart C.
5.1.1,1.2. The sewage sludge shall not contain any free water as determined by the Paint Filter Test.
5.1. l .2. Vector Attraction Reduction Limitations
Sewage sludge to be landfilled shall meet one of the alternatives listed below. There are
additional vector attraction reduction alternatives available in 40 CFR Part 503.33. If the
permittee intends to use one of these alternatives the .EPA must be informed at least 30 days prior
to its use.
5.1.1.2.1. The mass of volatile solids in the sewage sludge shall be reduced by a minimum of 38 percent
prior to landfilling.
5.1.1.2.2. if an anaerobically digested sewage sludge cannot meet the 38 percent volatile solids
reduction requirement, a portion of the previously digested sewage sludge shall be digested
anaerobically in the laboratory in a bench -scale unit for an additional 40 days at 30' C or
higher. At the end of the 40 days, the volatile solids content shall have been reduced by no
more than 17 additional percent.
5,1.1.2.3. If an aerobically digested sewage sludge cannot meet the 38 percent volatile solids reduction
requirement, a portion of the previously digested sewage sludge (with a percent solids content
of 2 percent or less) shall be digested aerobically in the laboratory in a bench -scale unit for an
additional 30 days at a temperature between 20 and 22' C. At the end of the 30 days, the
volatile solids content shall have been reduced by no more than 15 additional percent.
5.1.1.2.4. The specific oxygen uptake rate (SOUR) for the sewage sludge treated in an aerobic process
shall be equal to or less than 1.5 mg of oxygen/hour/gram of total solids at a temperature of
200 C.
Permit No. MTG650000
Page No. 41 of 71
5.1.1.2.5. The sewage sludge shall be treated in an aerobic process for 14 days or longer with a
temperature remaining above 40' C. The average temperature shall be greater than 45' C.
5.1.1.2.6. The pH of the sewage sludge shall be raised to a minimum of 12 by alkali addition, but
without the addition of more alkali, the pH shall remain at 12 or above for 2 hours and remain
at a minimum of 11.5 for an additional 22 hours.
5.1.1.2.7. Sewage sludge applied to the land surface shall be incorporated into the soil within 6 hours
after application tQ the land. Sewage sludge that is incorporated into the soil and meets the
Class A pathogen requirements (40 CFR Part 503.32(a)) shall be applied to or placed on the
land within 8 hours after being discharged from the pathogen treatment process.
5.1.1.2.8. Sewage sludge placed in a landfill shall be covered with soil or other material at the end of
each operating day.
Note: For purposes of this permit the use of sewage sludge for daily cover at the landfill is
consider to be disposal by means of iandf lling and subject to the requirements of Part 5. In
order for sewage sludge to be used as daily cover the sewage sludge must rneet the vector
attraction reduction requirements that are achieved by means of treatment. If that requirement
is not met, the sewage sludge cannot be used as daily cover and must be covered daily by soil
or other material as specified in part 5.1.1.2.8 of the permit. If the permittee suspects that the
daily cover requirements of 40 CFR Part 258.21 are not being met at the landfill and the
sewage sludge being taken to the landfill does not meet one of the vector attraction reduction
requirements of Part 5.1.1.2 through treatment, then the permittee is obligated to immediately
stop taking the sewage sludge to that landfill until the problem is corrected.
If sewage sludge is to be used in the final cover of the landfill, it must meet the applicable
chemical pollutant limitations for land application, pathogen requirements and applicable site
restrictions, and the applicable vector attraction reduction limitations given in Parts 4.1.1,
4,1.2, and 4.1.3 of this permit. In addition, the permittee must have coverage under Part 4 of
this permit for use of the sewage sludge in this manner.
5.1.2. Self -Monitoring Requirements for Landfill Disposal of Sewage Sludge (See Part 8.4 for report
format requirements.)
5.1.2.1. The permittee shall report to the EPA the annual amount (dmt) and percent solids of sewage
sludge transferred to each landfill and the naive and location of the landfill.
5.1.2.2. At a minimum, upon the date of coverage under this permit, the sewage sludge shall be monitored
for percent total solids, free moisture content using the paint filter test, and the applicable vector
attraction reduction requirements, If the vector attraction reduction requirements are met by a
treatment process, the permittee shall monitor the appropriate process parameters in the treatment
of the sewage sludge. Compliance with the requirement that the sewage sludge have no free
moisture shall be determined with the paint filter test. Samples or measurements shall be
representative of the nature of the sewage sludge.
The minimum frequency of monitoring for these pollutants in sewage sludge that is landfilled
shall be based on the table below. If this facilityloperation collects samples from sewage sludge
bodies (e.g., long-term treatment piles, compost piles, drying beds, storage piles, lagoon cells,
etc.) a sampling and analysis plan is to be prepared and submitted to the EPA and the State of
Montana within 90 days of the date of coverage under this permit. (If the permittee already has a
sampling and analysis plan, that plan may be updated and submitted. The permittee shall
continue to implement the existing plan until the updated plan .is implemented.) If, when
Permit No. MTG650000
Page No. 42 of 71
coverage under this permit was approved the permittee was not sampling in this manner but a
change in process necessitates this form of sampling, then the plan must be submitted 30 days
before the change occurs. This plan is to detail how representative samples are to be obtained.
Guidance on collecting representative samples using a random sampling process may be found in
Section 2.4 of the 1999 version of the EPA Region 8 Biosolids Management Handbook. In
addition, the local office of the agricultural extension service, the State Land Grant University,
etc., might have guidance on collecting representative samples. The number of samples collected
will be at least as many as those that would be collected annually as required from the amount of
sewage sludge landfilled
FREQUENCY OF MONITORING - LANDFILLING
Amount of sewage sludge al
(dry metric tons per 365 day period)
Frequency
0 < Amount < 290.
Once per year.
290 < Amount < 1,500.
Once per quarter (four times per year).
1,500 < Amount < 15,000.
Once per 60 days (six times per year).
Amount> 15,000.
Once per month (12 times per year).
a/ The amount of bulk sewage sludge landfilled.
5,1.2.3. At least once during the life of this permit unless additional testing is requested by the operator of
the landfill or the permit issuing authority, the sewage sludge shall be tested using the toxicity
characteristic leaching procedure (TCLP) for metals. Samples or measurements shall be
representative of the nature of the sewage sludge. .In the annual report the permittee shall report
the analytical results of any monitoring of sewage sludge for TCLP for organics conducted for
any other program (e.g., pretreatment program) and/or state or local agency.
5.1.2.4. The permittee shall do the necessary monitoring and/or data collection to provide the following
information for each reporting year:
5.1.2.4.1, The total amount of sewage sludge, in dry metric tons, that is generated by this facility during
the reporting year;
5.1.2.4.2. Sewage sludge received from other facilities during the reporting year:
5.1.2.4.2.1. Total amount of sewage sludge received (dry metric tons);
5.1.2.4.2.2. For each facility sending sewage sludge to this facility:
5.1.2.4.2.2.1. Name of facility;
5.1.2.4.2.2.2, Location of that facility;
5.1.2.4.2,2.3. Amount of sewage sludge, in dry metric tons, received from the facility;
5.1.2.4.3. Sewage sludge sent to other facilities/operations:
5.1.2.4.3.1. Total amount of sewage sludge, in dry metric tons, sent to other facilities;
5.1.2.4.3.2. For each facility receiving sewage sludge from this facility:
5.1.2.4,12.1. Name of facility/operation;
5.1.2.4.3.2.2. Location of facility/operation;
5.1.2.4.3.2.3. Amount of sewage sludge, in dry metric tons, sent to that facility/operation;
5.1.2.4.4. The amount of sewage sludge, in dry metric tons, placed in storage during the reporting year.
5.1.2.4.5, The amount of sewage sludge landfilled during the reporting year.
Permit No. MTG650000
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5.1.2.5. Sample collection and preservation shall be performed in a manner consistent with the
requirements of 40 CFR Part 503, 40 CFR Part 261 and/or other criteria specified in this permit.
5.2. Recordkeeping for Landfilling of Sewage Sludge
5.11. The permittee is required to keep the following information for at least 5 years:
5.2.1.1. Results of the paint filter tests, percent solids tests, and toxicity characteristic leaching procedure
tests (Part 5.1.2).
5.2.1.2. A description of how the vector attraction reduction requirements in Part 5.1.1.2 were met and the
results of any monitoring.
5.2.1.3. The results of monitoring and data collection to determine the amounts of sewage sludge
generated by the facility, received from other facilities, sent to other facilities/operations, and
placed in storage during the reporting year.
5.2. l .4. The annual amount (dmt) and percent solids of sewage sludge transferred to each landfill and the
name and location of the landfill.
5.2.1.5. Documentation that the landfill(s) receiving the sewage sludge was in compliance with the
requirements of 40 CFR Part 258 during the past year. A written statement from the appropriate
regulatory authority that the landfill was in compliance with 40 CFR Part 258 during the past year
is adequate documentation.
5,2.1.6. The following certification statement that has been signed in accordance with the requirements of
Part 10.7:
I certify, under penalty of law, that the information that will be used to determine compliance
with the moisture content requirements of Pact 5.1.1.1.2, one of the vector attraction reduction
alternatives in 5.1.1.2, and the requirement of Part 5.1 that the sewage sludge shall be disposed
of only at landfills that are in compliance with the requirements of 40 CFR Part 258 was
prepared under my direction and supervision in accordance with the system designed to ensure
that qualified personnel properly gather and evaluate this information. I am aware that there
are significant penalties for false certification including the possibility of fine and
imprisonment.
5.2.2. Records of monitoring information shall include:
5.2.2.1. The date, exact place, and time of sampling or measurements;
5.2.2.2. The initials or name(s) of the individual(s) who perforrxred the sampling or measurements;
5.2.2.3. The date(s) analyses were performed;
5.2.2.4. The time(s) analyses were initiated;
5.2.2.5. The initials or name(s) of individual(s) who performed the analyses;
5.2.2.6. References and written procedures, when available, for the analytical techniques or methods used;
and,
5.2.2.7. The results of such analyses, including the bench sheets, instrument readouts, computer disks or
tapes, etc., used to determine these results.
Permit No. MTG650000
Page No. 44 of 71
5.2.3. The permittee shall retain records of all monitoring information, including all calibration and
maintenance records and all original strip chart recordings for continuous monitoring
instrumentation, copies of all reports required by this permit and records of all data used to complete
the application for this permit for at least 5 years
6. SPECIFIC REQUIREMENTS FOR SURFACE DISPOSAL OF SEWAGE SLUDGE (Subcategory 2.c.)
6.1. Specific Limitations and Self -Monitoring Requirements for Surface Disposal
All sewage sludge generated by this facility to be used for surface disposal shall meet the
requirements of Parts 6.1.1, 6.1.2, and 6.1.3 listed below. These limits are effective immediately.
6.1.1. Chemical Pollutant Limitations for Surface Disposal
6.1.1.1. Where distance from unit boundary to property line is 150 meters or greater, sewage sludge to be
placed in the active sewage sludge unit shall meet the limitations below. if the sewage sludge
does not meet these requirements it cannot be surfaced disposed.
Pollutant
Daily Maximum (m /K ) alb/cc/
Total Arsenic
73
'Total Chromium
600
Total Nickel
420
6.1.1.2. Where distance from unit boundary to property line is less than 150 meters, sewage sludge to be
placed in the active sewage sludge unit shall meet the limitations below, based on the distance
from the unit boundary to the property line. If the sewage sludge does not meet these
requirements it cannot be surfaced disposed.
Distance from Unit Boundary to
Property Line (meters)
Pollutant Concentration a/b/c/dl
Arsenic
mg/Kg
Chromium
mg/Kg
Nickel
mg/Kg
0 to less than 25
30
200
210
25 to less than 50
34
220
240
50 to less than 75
39
260
270
75 to less than 100
46
300
320
100 to less than 125
53
360
390
125 to less than 150
62
450
420
a/ See Part I 1 for definition of terms.
b/ The limitations represent maximum allowable levels of pollutants in any sewage sludge intended for
surface disposal.
c/ Dry -weight Basis.
dl Any violation of these limitations shall be reported in accordance with the requirements of Part 8.6.2 of
this permit.
Permit No. MTG650000
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6.1.2, Pathogen Requirements
Sewage sludge to be placed in an active sewage sludge unit shall be at least Class B as described
below unless the sewage sludge is covered with soil or other material at the end of each operating
day (Part 6.1.3.9). If the sewage sludge does not meet at least Class B or it is not covered at the end
of each operating day, it cannot be surface disposed.
CLASS B PATHOGEN REQUIREMENTS
Fecal Coliform
Lim it
Process Requirements (One of the following): a/
Fecal Coliforms
OR
1. Anaerobically digested between these mean cell residence times and
shall be < 2,000,000
temperatures specified: 15 days at 35-55' C and 60 days at 200 C. c/
MPN/gram of total
solids b/
2. Aerobically digested for 40 days at 20' C to 60 days at 15' C. d/
3, Composting using the within -vessel, static pile or windrow methods,
the temperature is maintained at 40' C or higher for 5 days. During
those 5 days the temperature in the pile exceeds 55' C for 4 hours.
4, Sewage sludge is dried on beds at a depth of no more than 9 inches for
a minimum of 3 months. During 2 of those 3 months the average daily
temperature is above 0° C.
a/ There are additional pathogen reduction alternatives available in 40 CFR Part 503.32. If the permittee
intends to use one of these alternatives, the EPA and the State of Montana must be informed at least 30
days prior to its use. This change may be made without additional public notice.
b/ Based on a geometric mean of a m inimum of seven (7) samples of sewage sludge collected over a two
week period (or as approved by the permitting authority in your sampling and analysis plan, if you were
required to have one (See Part 6.1.4.4)). (i.e., If quarterly sampling is required, a minimum of seven
samples is required each quarterly event.) Samples to be analyzed for fecal coliforms shall be discrete,
individual samples, with no compositing of samples. The values of fecal coliforms are to be based on the
MPN procedures of analyses. The membrane filter (MF) procedures of analyses are not acceptable.
c/ For minimum digestion temperatures between 35' C and 20' C, determine the minimum mean cell
residence time using the following equation: 0 = -3T + 120, where 0 is the required minimum mean cell
residence time in days (15 < 0 < 60) and T is the minimum temperature (° C) during anaerobic digestion
time. For temperatures greater than 35' C, use 0 equal to 15 days. The actual mean cell residence time
during anaerobic digestion shall be calculated using the appropriate method described in Environmental
Regulations and Technology, Control of Pathogens and Vector Attraction in Sewage Sludge (Including
Domestic Septage) Under 40 CFR Part 503, EPA Publication EPA/625/R-92/013, Revised October 1999 or
latest revision thereof. If annual monitoring, sampling is to be performed during the most restrictive time
of the year (this is usually during the winter).
d/ For minimum digestion temperatures between 20° C and 15' C, determine the minimum mean cell
residence time using the following equation: 0 = 4T + 120, where 0 is the required minimum mean cell
residence time in days (40 < 0 < 60) and T is the minimum temperature (° C) during aerobic digestion time.
For temperatures greater than 20' C, use 0 equal to 40 days. The actual mean cell residence time during
aerobic digestion shall be calculated using the appropriate method described in Environmental Regulations
and Technology, Control of Pathogens and Vector Attraction in Sewage Sludge (Including Domestic
Septage) Under 40 CFR Part 503, EPA Publication EPA/625/R-92/013, Revised October 1999 or latest
revision thereof.
Permit No. MTG650000
Page No. 46 of 71
6.1.3. Vector Attraction Reduction Limitations for Surface Disposal a/
Sewage sludge to be placed in an active sewage sludge unit shall meet one of the alternatives listed
below.
6.1.3.1. The mass of volatile solids in the sewage sludge shall be reduced by a minimum of 38 percent
prior to surface disposal.
6.1.3.2. 1f an anaerobically digested sewage sludge cannot meet the 38 percent volatile solids reduction
requirement, a portion of the previously digested sewage sludge shall be digested anaerobically in
the laboratory in a bench -scale unit for an additional 40 days at 30' C or higher. At the end of the
40 days, the volatile solids content shall have been reduced by no more than 17 additional
percent.
6.1,33. If an aerobically digested sewage sludge cannot meet the 38 percent volatile solids reduction
requirement, a portion of the previously digested sewage sludge (with a percent solids content of
2 percent or less) shall be digested aerobically in the laboratory in a bench -scale unit for an
additional 30 days at a temperature between 20 and 22' C. At the end of the 30 days, the volatile
solids content should have been reduced by no more than 15 additional percent.
6.1.3.4. The specific oxygen uptake rate (SOUR) for the sewage sludge treated in an aerobic process shall
be equal to or less than 1.5 mg of oxygen/hour/gram of total solids at a temperature of 20' C.
6.1.3.5. The sewage sludge shall be treated in an aerobic process for 14 days or longer with a temperature
remaining above 40' C. The average temperature shall be greater than 45' C.
6.1.3.6. The pH of the sewage sludge shall be raised to a rninimum of 12 by alkali addition, but without
the addition of more alkali, the pH shall remain at 12 or above for 2 hours and remain at a
minimum of 11.5 for an additional 22 hours.
6.1.3.7. The sewage sludge shall be injected below the surface of the land and no significant amount of
sewage sludge shall be present on the land surface within one hour after the sewage sludge is
injected. If the sewage sludge meets the Class A pathogen requirements (40 CFR Part 503.32(a)),
the sewage sludge shall be injected below the land surface within 8 hours after the sewage sludge
is discharged from the pathogen reduction process.
6.1.3.8. Sewage sludge placed in a surface disposal site shall be incorporated into the soil within 6 hours
after surface disposal. Sewage sludge that is incorporated into the soil and meets the Class A
pathogen requirements (40 CFR Part 503.32(a)) shall be applied to or placed on the land within 8
hours after being discharged from the pathogen treatment process.
6.1.3.9, Sewage sludge placed on an active sewage sludge unit shall be covered with soil or other material
at the end of each operating day.
a/ There are additional pathogen reduction and vector attraction reduction alternatives available in
4.0 CFR Part 503.32 and 40 CFR Part 503.33. If the permittee intends to use one of these
alternatives the EPA and the State of Montana must be informed at least 30 days prior to its use.
This change maybe made without additional public notice.
6.1.4. Self -Monitoring Requirements for Surface Disposal
At a minimum, upon the date of coverage under this permit, the permittee shall monitor sewage
Sludge related activities as specified below. The monitoring results shall be reported in accordance
to the requirements of Part 8.4 of this permit. See Part 8.4 for report format requirements.
Permit No. MTG650000
Page No. 47 of 71
6.1.4.1. The sewage sludge shall be monitored for the chemical pollutants listed in Part 6.1.1. See Part
6.1.4.5 below for the minimum frequency of monitoring. The concentrations shall be reported as
mg/Kg (dry weight basis) and the average and maximum concentrations shall be reported.
6.1.4.2. Provide a brief description of the method used during the reporting year to meet the pathogen
requirements given in Part 6.1..2. If the pathogen requirements are met by fecal coliform
densities, the permittee shall monitor the sewage sludge for the fecal coliforms. The results shall
be reported in the units used in the limitations (i.e., fecal. coliform, MPN/gram of total solids). If
the pathogen requirements are met by complying with one of process requirements, the permittee
shall monitor the appropriate process parameters. See Part 6.1.4.4 below for the minimum
frequency of monitoring. For each sampling event for fecal coliform, a minimum of seven
samples shall be collected. If the samples are not collected from sewage sludge bodies (e.g.,
long-term treatment piles, compost piles, drying beds, storage piles, lagoon cells, etc.), the
samples shall be collected on separate days within a two week period.
6.1.4.3. Provide a brief description of the method used to meet the applicable vector attraction reduction
requirements given in Part 6.1.3. If the vector attraction reduction requirements are met by a
treatment process, the permittee shall monitor the appropriate process parameters in the treatment
of the sewage sludge. See Part 6.1.4,4 below for the minimum frequency of monitoring.
6.1.4.4. Minimum monitoring frequency for metals, pathogen requirements, and vector attraction
reduction requirements: The minimum frequency of monitoring for the sewage sludge that is
surface disposed shall be based on the table below. If this facility/operation collects samples
from sewage sludge bodies (e.g., long-term treatment piles, compost piles, drying beds, storage
piles, lagoon cells, etc.) a sampling and analysis plan is to be prepared and submitted to the EPA
and the State of Montana within 90 days of the date of coverage under this permit. (If the
permittee already has a sampling and analysis plan, that plan may be updated and submitted. The
permittee shall continue to implement the existing plan until the updated plan is implemented.)
If, when coverage under this permit was approved the permittee was not sampling in this manner
but a change in process necessitates this form of sampling, then the plan must be submitted 30
days before the change occurs. This plan is to detail how representative samples are to be
obtained. Guidance on collecting representative samples using a random sampling process may
be found in Section 2.4 of the 1999 version of the EPA Region 8 Biosolids Management
Handbook. In addition, the local office of the agricultural extension service, the State Land Grant
University, etc., might have guidance on collecting representative samples. The number of
samples collected will be at least as many as those that would be collected annually as required
from the amount of sewage sludge surface disposed.
FREQUENCY OF MONITORING - SURFACE DISPOSAL
Amount of sewage sludge al
(dry metric tons per 365 day period)
Frequency
0 < Amount < 290.
Once per year.
290 < Amount < 1,500.
Once per quarter (four times per year).
1,500 < Amount < 15,000.
Once per 60 days (six times per year).
Amount> 15,000.
Once per month (12 times per year).
aI Amount of sewage sludge placed on an active sewage unit (dry weight basis)
Permit No. M"rG650000
Page No. 48 of 71
6.1.4.5. The permittee shall do the necessary monitoring and/or data collection to provide the following
information for each reporting year:
6.1.4.5.1. The total amount of sewage sludge, in dry metric tons, that is generated by this facility during
the reporting year;
6.1.4.5.2. Sewage sludge received from other facilities during the reporting year:
6.1.4.5.2.1. Total amount of sewage sludge received (dry metric tons)
6.1.4.5.2.2. For each facility sending sewage sludge to this facility:
6.1.4.5.2.2.1. Name of facility;
6.1.4.5.2.2.2. Location of that facility;
6.1.4.5.2.2.3. Amount of sewage sludge, in dry metric tons, received from the facility;
6.1.4.5.3. Sewage sludge sent to other facilities/operations:
6.1.4.5.3.1. Total amount of sewage sludge, in dry metric tons, sent to other facilities,
6.1.4.5.3.2. For each facility receiving sewage sludge from this facility:
6.1.4.5.3.2.1. Name of facility/operation;
6.1.4.5.3.2.2. Location of facility/operation;
6.1.4.5.3.2.3, Amount of sewage sludge, in dry metric tons, sent to that facility/operation;
6.1.4.5.4. 'rho amount of sewage sludge, in dry metric tons, placed in storage during the reporting year.
6.1.4.5.5. The amount of sewage sludge surface disposed during the reporting year,
6.1.4.6. If a cover is placed on an active sewage sludge unit, the permittee shall continuously monitor for
methane gas in all structures located within the surface disposal site and submit for approval a
plan for (1) continuously monitoring for methane gas in the air at the property line of the surface
disposal unit and (2) for monitoring for methane gas in the soil at the property line of the surface
disposal site. The primary objective of the plan shall be to ensure that the requirements of Part
6.2.I 1 are met and that methane gas is not migrating off the site via the air or the soil in
concentrations greater than the lower explosive limit for methane gas. The plan should include,
at a minimum, the location of all monitoring sites, a description of how the monitoring will be
done, a schedule for sampling and a discussion of the basis for the plan. (If the permittee already
has a methane gas monitoring plan, that plan may be updated and submitted. The permittee shall
continue to implement the existing plan until the updated plan is implemented.) The plan is to be
submitted to the EPA and the State of Montana within 180 days of the date of coverage under this
permit. The plan is to be fully implemented within 90 days after submittal of the plan unless
otherwise directed by the permit issuing authority.
6.1.4.7. The permittee is required to submit for approval and fully implement a ground water monitoring
plan for each surface disposal site. The objective of the plan shall be to determine if material
leached from the sewage sludge unit is increasing the concentration of nitrates in the ground
water and to provide a method of determining if the placement of sewage sludge in the sewage
sludge unit should be terminated. The plan should include, at a minimum, the location of all
monitoring wells and a schedule for sampling and analysis for nitrate. (If the permittee already
has a ground water monitoring plan, that plan may be updated and submitted. The permittee shall
continue to implement the existing plan until the updated plan is implemented.) The plan is to be
submitted to the EPA and the State of Montana within 180 days of the date of coverage under this
permit. The facility is also to include a copy of any ground water permits issued by the State of
Montana. The plan is to be fully implemented within 90 days after submittal of the plan unless
otherwise directed by the permit issuing authority.
6.1.4.8. Sample collection, preservation and analysis shall be performed in a manner consistent with the
requirements of 40 CFR Part 503 and/or other criteria specified in this permit. Metals analysis is
Permit No. MTG650000
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to be performed using method SW 846 with method SW-3050B used for -digestion. (See footnote
b/ of Part 12, Approved Methods for the Analysis of Sewage Sludge (40 CFR Part 503), for
optional methods.) For the digestion procedure, an amount of sewage sludge equivalent to one
gram dry weight shall be used. The methods are also described in the 1999 version of the Region
8 Biosolids Management Handbook.
6.1.4.9. After two years of monitoring at the frequency specified (may include monitoring done prior to
coverage under this permit), the permittee may request that the permitting authority reduce the
sampling frequency for the chemical pollutants in Part 6.1.1. The frequency cannot be reduced to
less than once per year for land applied sewage sludge for any parameter. The frequency also
cannot be reduced for any of the pathogen or vector attraction reduction requirements listed in
this permit.
6.2. Management Practices for Surface Disposal of Sewage Sludge
The permittee shall operate and maintain the surface disposal site operations in accordance with the
following requirements:
6.2.1. An active sewage sludge unit shall be located in accordance with the requirements in either a State
Wellhead Protection Program or a Comprehensive State Ground Water Protection Program.
6.2.2. The sewage sludge shall not cause or contribute to the harm of a threatened or endangered species or
result in the destruction or adverse modification of critical habitat of a threatened or endangered
species after surface disposal.
6.2.3. An active sewage sludge unit shall not restrict the flow of a base flood.
6.2.4. If a surface disposal site is located in a seismic impact zone, active sewage sludge units shall be
designed to withstand the maximum recorded horizontal ground level acceleration.
6.2.5. An active sewage sludge unit shall be located 60 meters or more from a fault that has displacement
in Holocene time.
6.16. An active sewage sludge unit shall not be located in an unstable area.
6.2.7. An active sewage sludge unit shall not be located in an area with standing water or where the annual
high groundwater level is less than five feet. This applies to areas where the sewage sludge is
actually applied, not to buffer zones.
6.2.8. Run-off from an active sewage sludge unit shall be collected and shall be disposed in accordance
with NPDES permit requirements and any other applicable requirements. The run-off collection
system for an active sewage sludge unit shall have the capacity to handle run-off from a 24 hour, 25
year storm event.
6.2.9. The leachate collection system for an active sewage sludge unit that has a liner and a leachate
collection system shall be operated and maintained during the period the sewage sludge unit is active
and for three years after the sewage sludge unit closes.
6.2.10. Leachate from an active sewage sludge unit that has a liner and a leachate collection system shall be
collected and shall be disposed in accordance with the applicable requirements during period the
sewage sludge unit is active and for three years after the sewage sludge unit closes.
6.2.11. If a cover is placed on an active sewage sludge unit, the concentration of methane gas in air in any
structure within the surface disposal site shall not exceed 25 percent of the lower explosive limit for
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methane gas during the period that the sewage sludge unit is active and the concentration of methane
gas in air at the property line of the surface disposal site shall not exceed the lower explosive lit -nit
for methane gas during the period that the sewage sludge unit is active.
6.2.12. If a final cover is place on a sewage sludge unit at closure, the concentration of methane gas in air in
any structure within the surface disposal site shall not exceed 25 percent of the lower explosive limit
for methane gas for three years after the sewage sludge unit closes and the concentration of methane
gas in air at the property line of the surface disposal site shall not exceed the lower explosive limit
for methane gas for three years after the sewage sludge unit closes.
6.2.13. A food crop, a feed crop or a fiber crop shall not be grown on an active sewage sludge unit without
the written permission of the permitting authority.
6.2.14. Animals shall not be grazed on an active sewage sludge unit without the written permission of the
permitting authority.
6.2.15. Public access to a surface disposal site shall be restricted for the period that the surface disposal site
contains an active sewage sludge unit and for three years after the last active sewage sludge unit
closes.
6.2.16. After placement on an active sewage sludge unit, sewage sludge shall not cause the concentration of
nitrate (as N) in ground water to exceed 10 mg/.L or cause the existing concentration in ground water
to increase when the existing concentration of nitrate (as N) exceeds 10 mg/L.
6.2.17. Either the results of a ground water monitoring program developed by a qualified ground water
scientist or a certification by a qualified ground water scientist shall be used to demonstrate that the
sewage sludge will not contaminate an aquifer.
6.2.18. For sewage sludge or material derived from sewage sludge that is stored in piles for thirty (30) days
or longer, measures shall be taken to ensure that erosion (whether by wind or water) does not occur.
In addition, best management practices should also be used for piles used for sewage sludge
treatment. If a treatment pile is considered to have caused a problem, best management practices
could be added as a requirement in the next permit renewal.
6.2.19. The permittee shall inspect the disposal of the sewage sludge to active sites to prevent malfunctions
and deterioration, operator errors and discharges which may cause or lead to the release of sewage
sludge to the environment, a threat to human health, or a nuisance. The permittee must conduct
these inspections often enough to identify problems in time to correct them before they harm human
health or the environment. The permittee shall keep an inspection log or summary including at least
the date and time of inspection, the printed name and the handwritten signature of the inspector, a
notation of observations made and the date and nature of any repairs or corrective action.
6.3. Special Conditions for Surface Disposal
6.3.1. Additional sewage sludge shall not be placed on an active sewage sludge unit if sewage sludge
placed previously on the sewage sludge unit contaminated an aquifer.
6.3.2. Before an active sewage sludge unit is closed, a written closure and post closure plan that describes
how the sewage sludge unit will be closed and discusses the measures taken to protect public health
and the environment when the sewage sludge unit closes shall be submitted to the permitting
authority for approval at least 180 days prior to the date that the closure is planned to start. Closure
of the sewage sludge unit shall not start until the closure plan is approved by the permit issuing
authority and closure shall be done in accordance with the conditions of the plan unless otherwise
approved by the permit issuing authority. At a minimum, the plan shall include:
Permit No. MTG650000
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6.3.2.1. A discussion of how the leachate collection system will be operated and maintained for three
years after the sewage sludge unit closes if the sewage sludge unit has a liner and a leachate
collection system.
6.3.2.2. if the sewage sludge unit will have a final cover, a plan for monitoring for methane gas at the
following points (1) continuously in structures within the surface disposal site, (2) continuously in
the air at the property line of the surface disposal site, and (3) in the soils at the property line of
the surface disposal site.
The primary objective of the plan shall be to ensure that the requirements of Part 6.2.11 are met
and that methane gas is not migrating off the site via the air or the soil in concentrations greater
than the lower explosive limit for methane gas. The plan should include, at a minimum, the
location of all monitoring sites, a description of how the monitoring will be done, a schedule for
sampling and a discussion of the basis for the plan. if the permittee already has a methane gas
monitoring plan, that plan may be updated and submitted. The monitoring is to be conducted for
three years after the sewage sludge unit is closed.
6.3.2.3. A discussion of how public access to the surface disposal site will be restricted for three years
after the last sewage sludge unit in the surface disposal site closes.
6.3.3. Written notification shall be provided by the owner of a surface disposal site to the subsequent owner
Of the surface disposal site that sewage sludge was placed on the land.
6.3.4. Permanent storage of sewage sludge is prohibited. Sewage sludge shall not be temporarily stored for
more than two years unless written permission is given by the permitting authority. Storage of
sewage sludge for more than two years will be allowed only if it is determined that significant
treatment is occurring.
6.4. Recordkeeping for Surface Disposal
6.4.1. The permittee is required to keep the following information for at least 5 years:
6.4.1.1. The results of monitoring for any pollutant listed in Part 6.1,1.
6.4.1.2. A description of how the pathogen requirements in Part 6.1.2 were met and the results of any
monitoring.
6.4.1.3. A description of how the vector attraction reduction requirements in Part 6.1.3 were met and the
results of any monitoring.
6.4.1.4, A description of how the management practices in Part 6.2 were met.
6.4.1.5. The results of monitoring and data collection to determine the amounts of sewage sludge
generated by the facility, received from other facilities, sent to other facilities/operations, and
placed in storage during the reporting year.
6.4,1.6. The annual amount (dmt) and percent solids of sewage sludge transferred to each sewage sludge
unit of each surface disposal site and the name and location of the surface disposal site.
6.4.1.7. The results of monitoring under the ground water monitoring plan required in Part 6.1.4.7.
6.4.1.8. The results of the monitoring for methane gas as required in Part 6.1.4.6,
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6.4.1.9. The following certification statement that has been signed in accordance with the requirements of
Part 10.7:
I certify, under penalty of law, that the information that will be used to determine compliance
with the pathogen requirements in Part 6.1.2, one of the vector attraction reduction alternatives
in Part 6.1.3, and the management practices in Part 6.2 was prepared under my direction and
supervision in accordance with the system designed to ensure that qualified personnel properly
gather and evaluate -this information. I am aware that there are significant penalties for false
certification including the possibility of tine and imprisonment.
6.4.2. Records of monitoring information shall include:
6.4.2.1. The date, exact place, and time of sampling or measurements;
6.4.2.2. The initials or name(s) of the individual(s) who performed the sampling or measurements;
6.4.2.3. The date(s) analyses were performed;
6A.2.4. The time(s) analyses were initiated;
6.4.2.5. The initials or name(s) of individual(s) who performed the analyses;
6.4.2.6. References and written procedures, when available, for the analytical techniques or methods used;
and,
6.4.2.7.. The results of such analyses, including the bench sheets, instrument readouts, computer disks or
tapes, etc., used to determine these results.
6.4.3. The permittee shall retain records of all monitoring information, including all calibration and
maintenance records and all original strip chart recordings for continuous monitoring
instrumentation, copies of all reports required by this permit and -records of all data used to complete
the application for at least five (5) years
7. SPECIFIC REQUIREMENTS FOR LIMITED LAND APPLICATION OF SEWAGE SLUDGE. FROM
WASTEWATER LAGOONS (Category 3)
7.1. Specific Limitations and Self -,Monitoring Requirements for Limited Land Application of Sewage
Sludge from Wastewater Lagoons
Coverage under this Part of the permit is limited to those applicants that submitted a notice of intent for
coverage under Category 3 of this permit.
All sewage sludge generated by this facility to be used for limited land application under this Part shall
meet the requirements of Parts 7.1.1, 7.1.2 and 7.1.3. listed below. These limits are effective
immediately.
The sewage sludge is not to be sold or given away in a bag or other container for application to land or
for use on a lawn or home garden.
7.1.1. Chemical Pollutant Limitations for Limited Land Application
The sewage sludge to be land applied must meet the following chemical limitations at all times. If
the sewage sludge does not meet these requirements, it cannot be land applied.
Permit No. MTG650000
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Pollutant
Maximum of Any
Sample
rng/Kg
a/b/c/
Total Arsenic
41
Total Cadmium
39
Total Copper
1500
Total Lead
300
Total Mercury
17
Total Molybdenum
75
Total Nickel
420
Total Selenium
100
Total Zinc
2800
a/ See Part l I for definition of terms.
b/ The limitations represent maximum allowable levels of pollutants in any sewage sludge intended
for land application under Category 3.
c/ Dry -weight Basis.
7.1,2. Pathogen Requirements and Site Restrictions
The sewage sludge to be land applied under this Part must meet the pathogen requirements and the
site restrictions as described. If the sewage sludge does not meet pathogen requirements, it cannot be
land applied.
7.1.2.1. Pathogen Requirements for Limited Land Application
The pathogen requirements can be met by one of the following:
7.1.2.1.1. The geometric mean of the density offecal coliforms in a minimum of seven (7) samples of
the sewage sludge shall be less than 2,000,000 Most Probable Number (MPN) per gram of
total solids (dry weight basis). (Note: Samples to be analyzed for fecal coliforms shall be
discrete, individual samples, with no compositing of samples. The values of fecal coliforms
are to be based on the MPN procedures of analyses. The membrane filter (MF) procedures of
analyses are not acceptable.); or
7.1.2.1.2. The sewage sludge has been treated in one of the Processes to Significantly Reduce Pathogens
described in Appendix B of 40 CFR Part 503; or
7.1.2.1.3. The sewage sludge has been treated in a process that is equivalent to a Process to Significantly
Reduce Pathogens, as determined by the permit issuing authority,
7.1.2.2. Site Restrictions
The permittee shall comply with all of the site restrictions listed below:
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7.1.2.2.1. Food crops with harvested parts that touch the sewage sludge/soil m ixture and are totally
above the land surface shall not be harvested for 14 months after application.
7.1.2.2.2. Food crops with harvested parts below the land surface shall not be harvested for 20 months
after application if the sewage sludge remains on the land surface for four months or more
prior to incorporation into the soil.
7.1.2.2.3. Food crops with harvested parts below the land surface shall not be harvested for 38 months
after application if the sewage sludge remains on the land surface for less than four months
prior to incorporation into the soil.
7.1.2.2.4. Other food crops and feed crops shall not be harvested from the land for 30 days after
application.
7.1.2.2.5. Animals shall not be allowed to graze on the land for 30 days after application.
7.1.2.2.6. Turf grown on land where sewage sludge is applied shall not be harvested for one year after
application if the harvested turf is placed on either land with a high potential for public
exposure or a lawn,
7.1.2.2.7. Public access to land with a high potential for public exposure shall be restricted for one year
after application.
T1,228. Public access to land with a low potential for public exposure shall be restricted for 30 days
after application.
7.1.3. Vector Attraction Reduction Requirements for Limited .Land Application
The sewage sludge to be land applied shall meet one of the alternatives listed below.
7.1.3.1, The sewage sludge shall be injected below the surface of the land and no significant amount of
sewage sludge shall be present on the land surface within one hour after the sewage sludge is
injected.;
7. l .3.2. Sewage sludge applied to the land surface shall be incorporated into the soil within 6 hours after
application to the land; or
7.1.3.3. The pH of the sewage sludge shall be raised to 12 or higher by alkali addition and, without the
addition of more alkali, shall remain at 12 or higher for two hours and then at 11.5 or higher for
an additional 22 hours.
7.1.4. Self -Monitoring Requirements for Limited Land Application
At a minimum, upon the date of coverage under this permit, the permittee shall monitor sewage
sludge related activities as specified below. The monitoring shall be conducted at least yearly
intervals until land application has been completed. If more frequent monitoring is appropriate for a
specific sewage sludge related activity, e,g., monitoring of a treatment process, the monitoring shall
be conducted more frequently for that activity. During the first year of the actual application of
sewage sludge to the land, the permittee may use data submitted with the NOI, as appropriate.
However, if the land application has not been completed within one year after the start of the land
application of the sewage sludge, new data must be collected. The monitoring results shall be
reported in accordance to the requirements of Part 8.4 of this permit. See Part 8.4 for report format
requirements. Samples or measurements shall be representative of the quantity and quality of the
sewage sludge.
Permit No, MTG650000
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7.1.4.1, The sewage sludge shall be monitored for the metals and total solids listed in Table NOI-8, Part
2.2.3.1. The sampling requirements shall be as specified in that part.
7.1 A2. Provide a brief description of the method used during the reporting year to meet the applicable
pathogen requirements given in Part 7.1.2.1. If the pathogen requirements are met by the fecal
densities given in Part 7.1.2.1.1, the sewage sludge shall be monitored for fecal coliforms as
specified in Part 2.2.3.2. The sampling requirements shall be as specified in that part. If the
pathogen requirements are met by one of the processes to significantly reduce pathogens (40 CFR
Part 503, Appendix B), the permittee shall monitor the appropriate process parameters.
7.1.4.3, Provide a brief description of the method used to meet the applicable vector attraction reduction
requirements in Part 7.1.3. If the vector attraction reduction requirements are met by means of
pH adjustment, Part 7.1.3.3, the permittee shall monitor the appropriate process parameters in the
treatment of the sewage sludge.
7.1.4.4. If the permittee has approval to land apply sewage sludge at a rate greater than one (1) dry metric
ton (dmt) per acre, the permittee shall monitor the sewage sludge for the specified forms of
nitrogen, total phosphorus, and total solids as listed in Table NOI-I 1, Part 2.2.3.5.L The
sampling requirements shall be as specified in that part.
7.1.4.5. Provide a brief summary of the status of land application at the end of the reporting year. The
summary shall include the approximate percentage of the sewage sludge that has been land
applied and the estimated date for completion of the land application. If the land application
has been completed, the date of completion shall be provided.
7.2. Management Practices for Limited Land Application
The permittee shall operate and maintain the land application site operations in accordance with the
following requirements:
7.2.1. Application of sewage sludge shall be conducted in a manner that will not cause a violation of any
receiving water quality standard from discharges of surface runoff from the land application sites.
Sewage sludge shall not be applied to land 10 meters or less from waters of the United States (as
defined in 40 CFR Part 122.2).
7.2.2. Application of sewage sludge shall not exceed one (1.0) dry metric ton per acre unless otherwise
approved in writing by the permit issuing authority.
7.2.3. Application of sewage sludge to a given site under the provisions of this part is limited to one
application of sewage sludge to that site during a twenty (20) year period. More frequent
application of sewage sludge to that site must be done in accordance with the requirements of Part 4
of this permit and would require a different notice of intent as specified in Part 2.2 of this permit.
7.2.4. Application of sewage sludge to frozen, .ice -covered, or snow covered sites where the slope of the
site exceeds six percent is prohibited.
7.2.5. No person shall apply sewage sludge for beneficial use to frozen, ice -covered, or snow-covered land
where the slope of such land is greater than three percent and is less than or equal to six percent
unless one of the following requirements is met:
7.2.5.1. there is 80 percent vegetative ground cover; or,
7.2.5.2. approval has been obtained based upon a plan demonstrating adequate runoff containment
measures.
Permit No. MTG650000
Page No. 56 of 71
7.2.6. Sewage sludge shall not be applied to any site area with standing surface water nor to sites where the
average seasonal high water table is less than five (5) feet below the ground surface.
7.2.7. The specified cover crop shall be planted during the next available planting season. If this does not
occur, the permittee shall notify the Director. Deep soil monitoring for nitrates may be required
under the discretion of the permitting authority.
7.2.8. The sludge or the application of the sewage sludge shall not cause or contribute to the harm of a
threatened or endangered species or result in the destruction or adverse modification of critical
habitat of a threatened or endangered species after application.
7.2.9. When weather and or soil conditions prevent adherence to the sewage sludge application procedure,
sewage sludge shall not be applied on the site.
7.2.10. The permittee shall provide the owner or lease holder of the land on which the sewage sludge is
applied notice and necessary information to comply with the requirements in this permit.
7.111. The permittee shall inspect the application of the sewage sludge to active sites to prevent
malfunctions and deterioration, operator errors and discharges which may cause or lead to the release
of sewage sludge to the environment or a threat to human health. The permittee must conduct these
inspections often enough to identify problems in time to correct them before they harm human health
or the environment. The permittee shall keep an inspection -log or summary including at least the
date and time of inspection, the printed name and the handwritten signature of the inspector, a
notation of observations made, and the date and nature of any repairs or corrective action.
7.3. Special Conditions on Sewage Sludge Storage for Limited Land Application
Permanent storage of sewage sludge is prohibited. Sewage sludge shall not be temporarily stored for
more than two years unless written permission is given by the pennitting authority. Storage of sewage
sludge for more than two years will be allowed only if it is determined that significant treatment is
occurring.
7.4. Recordkeeping for Limited Land Application
7.4.1. The permittee is required to keep the following information for at least 5 years:
7.4.1.1. A description of how the pathogen requirements in Part 7.1.2 were met and the results of any
monitoring.
7.4.1.2. A description of how the vector attraction reduction requirements in Part 7.1.3 were met and the
results of any monitoring.
7.4.1.3. A description of how the management practices in Part T2 were met.
7.4.1.4. A description of how the site restrictions in Part 7.1.2.2 were met.
7.4.1.5. For each land application site where sewage sludge is land applied during the reporting year, the
following information shall be recorded:
7.4.1.5.1.
Site Name
7.4.1.5.2.
Site Owner
7.4.1.5.3.
Site Operator
7.4.1.5.4.
Applier
7.4.1.5.5.
Latitude and Longitude of Site
Permit No. MTG650000
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7.4.1.5.6. Street address, other locational description, or Section, Township, and Range
7.4.1.5.7. Size (hectares)
7.4.1.5.8. Crop
7.4.1.5.9. Application Rate (metric tons/hectare)
7.4.1.6. The following certification statement that has been signed in accordance with the requirements of
Part 10.7:
"I certify, under penalty of law, that the information that will be used to determine compliance
with the pathogen requirements in Part 7.1.2.1, the site restrictions in Part 7,1.2.2, one of the
vector attraction reduction alternatives in Part 7.1.3, and the management practices in Part 7.2
was prepared under my direction and supervision in accordance with the system designed to
ensure that qualified personnel properly gather and evaluate this information. I am aware that
there are significant penalties for false certification including the possibility of fine and
imprisonment."
7.4.2. Records of monitoring information shall include:
7.4.2.1. The date, exact place, and time of sampling or measurements;
7.4.2.2. The initials or name(s) of the individual(s) who performed the sampling or measurements;
7.4.2.3_ The date(s) analyses were performed;
7.4.2.4. The time(s) analyses were initiated;
7.4.2.5. The initials or name(s) of individual(s) who performed the analyses;
7.4.2.6.. References and written procedures, when available, for the analytical techniques or methods used;
and,
7.4.2.7. The results of such analyses, including the bench sheets, instrument readouts, computer disks or
tapes, etc., used to determine these results.
7.4.3. The permittee shall retain records of all monitoring information, including all calibration and
maintenance records and all original strip chart recordings for continuous monitoring
instrumentation, copies of all reports required by this permit and records of all data used to complete
the application for this penn it for at least five years.
S. MONITORING, RECORDING AND REPORTING REQUIREMENTS
8.1. Representative Sampling. Sewage sludge samples used to measure compliance with Parts 3, 4, 5, 6, and
7 of this Permit shall be collected at locations representative of the quality of sewage sludge generated
and/or treated at the operation covered by this permit.
8.2. Monitoring Procedures. Monitoring must be conducted according to test procedures approved under 40
CFR Part 503, unless other test procedures have been specified in this permit. See Parts 4.1, 5.1, and
6.1 for any applicable sewage sludge monitoring procedures.
8.3 , Penalties for Tampering. The Act provides that any person who knowingly falsifies, tampers with, or
renders inaccurate, any monitoring device or method required to be maintained under this permit shall,
upon conviction, be punished by a fine of not more than $10,000, or by imprisonment for not more than
Permit No. MTG650000
Page No. 58 of 71
two years, or by both. Second conviction is punishable by a fine of not more than $20,000 per day of
violation, or by imprisonment of not more than four years, or both.
8.4. Reporting of Monitoring Results and Other Information. By no later than February 19 of each year,
the pennittee shall submit a report including all information that the permit requires be recorded during
the previous calendar year. (This includes items listed under Recordkeeping requirements for the
permittees use/disposal practices, e.g., Part 4.4 for land application.) The report shall include the
results of all monitoring performed in accordance with Parts 3.2, 4.1, 5.1, 6.1, and 7.1 and the required
information on pathogen requirements, vector attraction reduction requirements, management practices,
land application sites, site restrictions, and the required signed certification statements. If no sewage
sludge was generated, treated, and/or used/disposed of during the reporting period, "no sewage sludge
was generated, treated, and/or used/disposed" shall be reported.
The EPA presently does not have a standard form for reporting sewage sludge monitoring results or
other information required by the permit to be reported. Unless otherwise approved by the permit
issuing authority, the permittee shall submit the report on letter size (8.5" x 1 1 ") paper. Monitoring
results may be reported in the testing laboratory's normal format, and may be photocopies of the
laboratory reports. The permittee may enter as much of the information as appropriate into the EPA's
Biosolids Data Management System (BDMS) computer program and submit hard (printed) copies of the
report. (If the EPA changes reporting procedures in the future, the reporting requirements for this
permit may be modified accordingly without going to public notice.) Along with the report from the
BDMS program, it would, be necessary to submit the appropriate signed certification statements and
other information that cannot be entered into the BDMS program. The BDMS program may be
downloaded from the Region 8 Biosolids Management Program's WEB page. The URL for the BDMS
is http://www.cpa.gov/region08/biosolids/
Legible copies of these, and all other reports required herein shall be signed and certified in accordance
with the Signatory Requirements see Part 10.7 , and submitted to the Region 8 Biosolids Program and
the State of Montana at the following addresses:
original to: REGIONAL BIOSOLIDS PROGRAM
WASTEWATER UNIT (8P-W-WW)
U.S. EPA, REGION 8
1595 WYNKOOP STREET
DENVER, CO 80202-1 129
copy to: MONTANA DEPARTMENT OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY
PERMITTING AND COMPLIANCE DIVISION
ATTENTION: BIOSOLIDS PROGRAM
P.O. BOX 200901
HELENA, MONTANA 59620-0901
8.5. Additional Monitoring by the Permittee. If the permittee monitors any pollutant more frequently than
required by this permit, using test procedures approved under 40 CFR Part 503 or as specified in this
permit, the results of this monitoring shall be included in the calculation and reporting of the data
submitted in the annual report required in Part 8.4 above. Such increased frequency shall also be
indicated,
8.6. Twenty-four Hour Notice of Noncompliance Reporting
8.6.1, The permittee shall report any noncompliance, including transportation accidents, spills, and
uncontrolled runoff from sewage sludge transfer sites, storage sites, or land application sites, etc.,
which may seriously endanger health or the environment, as soon as possible, but no later than 24
hours from the time the permittee first became aware of the circumstances. The report shall be made
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to the EPA, Region 8, Preparedness, Assessment and Emergency Response Program at
(303) 293-1788 and the State of Montana at (406) 841-3911,
8.6.2. The following occurrences of noncompliance shall be reported by telephone to the EPA, Region 8,
NPDES Enforcement Unit at (800) 227-8917 (8:00 a.m. - 4:30 p.m. Mountain Time) and the State of
Montana at (406) 444-0379 (8:00 a.m. - 4:30 p.m. local time) by the first workday following the day
the permittee became aware of the circumstances:
8.6.2.1. Any violation of a maximum pollutant limitation for any of the chemicals listed in Table 1 of Part
4.1.1.5 for sewage sludge that has been distributed or land applied;
8.6.2.2. Any violation of the Class A pathogen requirements in Part 4.1.2.1 for sewage sludge that has
been distributed or land applied such that there is a reasonable risk of public exposure to the
sewage sludge;
8.6.2.3. Any violation of the limitations on arsenic, chromium, and nickel in Part 6.1.1 for sewage sludge
that has been disposed of in a surface disposal site.
8.6.3. A written submission shall also be provided within five days of the time that the permittee becomes
aware of the circumstances. The written submission shall contain:
8.6.3.1. A description of the noncompliance and its cause;
8.6.3.2, The period of noncompliance, including exact dates and times;
8.6.3.3, The estimated time noncompliance is expected to continue if it has not been corrected; and
8.6.3.4. Steps taken or planned to reduce, eliminate, and prevent reoccurrence of the noncompliance.
The written submission shall be submitted to the following addresses:
Original to: NPDES ENFORCEMENT UNIT (8ENF-W-NP)
U.S. EPA, REGION 8
1595 WYNKOOP STREET
DENVER, CO 80202-1129
Copy to: MONTANA DEPARTMENT OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY
PERMITTING AND COMPLIANCE DIVISION
ATTENTION: BIOSOLIDS PROGRAM
P.O. BOX 200901
HELENA, MONTANA 59620-0901
8.7. Other Noncompliance Reporting, Instances of noncompliance not required to be reported within 24
hours shall be reported at the time that monitoring reports for Part 8.4 are submitted. The reports shall
contain the information listed in Part 8.6.3.
8.8. Inspection and Entry. The permittee shall allow the Director, the State of Montana, or authorized
representative thereof, upon the presentation of credentials and other documents as may be required by
law, to:
8.8.1. Enter upon the permittee's premises where a regulated facility or activity is located or conducted, or
where records must be kept under the conditions of this permit;
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8.8.2. Have access to and copy, at reasonable times, any records that must be kept under the conditions of
this permit;
8.8.3. Inspect at reasonable times any facilities, equipment (including monitoring and control equipment),
practices, or operations regulated or required under this permit, including, but not limited to, sewage
sludge treatment, collection, storage facilities or area, transport vehicles and containers, and land
application sites; and,
8.8,4. Sample or monitor at reasonable times, for the purpose of assuring permit compliance or as
otherwise authorized by the Act, any substances or parameters at any location, including, but not
limited to, digested sewage sludge before dewatering, dewatered sewage sludge, sewage sludge
transfer or staging areas, any ground or surface waters at the landfill, surface disposal, and land
application sites, or sewage sludges, soils, or vegetation at the landfill, surface disposal, and land
application sites.
8.8.5. The permittee shall make the necessary arrangements with the use/disposal site landowner or
leaseholder to obtain permission or clearance, so that the Director, the State of Montana, or
authorized representative thereof, upon the presentation of credentials and other documents as may
be required by law, will be permitted to enter without delay for the purposes of performing their
responsibilities.
9. COMPLIANCE RESPONSIBILITIES
9.1. Duty to Comply. The permittee must comply with all conditions of this permit. Any permit
noncompliance constitutes a violation of the Clean Water Act and is grounds for enforcement action; for
permit termination, revocation and reissuance, or modification, or denial of a permit renewal
application.
9.2. Penalties for Violations of Permit Conditions. The Clean Water Act provides for specified civil and
criminal penalties for violations of its provisions. However, the Federal Civil Penalties Inflation
Adjustment Act of 1990, as amended by the Debt Collection Improvement Act of 1996, requires EPA to
adjust the civil monetary penalties for inflation on a periodic basis. EPA adjusted its civil monetary
penalties on December 31, 1996 (61 Fed. Reg. 69359-69365), with technical corrections and additions
published on March 20, 1997 (62 Fed. Reg. 13514-13517) and June 27, 1997 (62 Fed. Reg. 35037-
35041). The resulting civil and criminal penalties, as of July 28, 1997, for violations of the Act
(including permit conditions) are given below:
9.2.1. Any person who violates section 301, 302, 306, 307, 308, 318 or 405 of the Act, or any permit
condition or limitation implementing any such sections in a permit issued under section 402, or any
requirement imposed in a pretreatment program approved under sections 402(a)(3) or 402(b)(8) of
the Act, is subject to a civil penalty not to exceed $27,500 per day for each violation.
9.2.2. Any person who negliamtlX violates sections 301, 302, 306, 307, 308, 318, or 405 of the Act, or any
condition or limitation implementing any of such sections in a permit issued under section 402 of the
Act, or any requirement imposed in a pretreatment program approved under section 402(a)(3) or
402(b)(8) of the Act, is subject to criminal penalties of $2,500 to $25,000 per day of violation, or
imprisonment of not more than 1 year, or both. In the case of a second or subsequent conviction for a
negligent violation, a person shall be subject to criminal penalties of not more than $50,000 per day
of violation, or by imprisonment of not more than 2 years, or both.
9.2.3. Any person who knowingly violates sections 301, 302, 306, 307, 308, 3I8, or 405 of the Act, or any
condition or limitation implementing any of such sections in a permit issued under section 402 of the
Act, or any requirement imposed in a pretreatment program approved under section 402(a)(3) or
402(b)(8) of the Act, is subject to criminal penalties of $5,000 to $50,000 per day of violation, or
Permit No. MTG650000
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imprisonment for not more than 3 years, or both. In the case of a second or subsequent conviction for
a knowing violation, a person shall be subject to criminal penalties of not more than $100,000 per
day of violation, or imprisonment of not more than 6 years, or both.
9.2.4. Any person who knowrngly violates section 301, 302, 303, 306, 307, 308, 318 or 405 of the Act, or
any permit condition or limitation implementing any of such sections in a permit issued under
section 402 of the Act, and who knows at that time that he thereby places another person in imminent
danger of death or serious bodily injury, shall, upon conviction, be subject to a fine of not more than
$250,000 or imprisonment of not more than 15 years, or both. in the case of a second or subsequent
conviction for a knowing endangerment violation, a person shall be subject to a fine of not more than
$500,000 or by imprisonment of not more than 30 years, or both. An organization, as defined in
section 309(c)(3)(13)(iii) of the CWA, shall, upon conviction of violating the imminent danger
provision, be subject to a fine of not more than $1,000,000 and can be fined up to $2,000,000 for
second or subsequent convictions.
9.2.5. Any person may be assessed an administrative penalty by the Administrator for violating section
301, 302, 306, 307, 308, 318 or 405 of this Act, or any permit condition or limitation implementing
any of such sections in a permit issued under section 402 of this Act. Administrative penalties for
Class I violations are not to exceed $l 1,000 per violation, with the maximum amount of any Class I
penalty assessed not to exceed $27,500. Penalties for Class II violations are not to exceed $11,000
per day for each day during which the violation continues, with the maximum amount of any Class II
penalty not to exceed $137,500.
9.3. Need to Halt or Reduce Activity not a Defense. It shall not be a defense for a permittee in an
enforcement action that it would have been necessary to halt or reduce the permitted activity in order to
maintain compliance with the conditions of this permit.
9A. Duty to Mitigate. The permittee shall take all reasonable steps to minimize or prevent any discharge or
sludge use or disposal in violation of this permit which has a reasonable likelihood of adversely
affecting human health or the environment.
9.5. Proper Operation and Maintenance. The permittee shall at all times properly operate and maintain all
facilities and systems of treatment and control (and related appurtenances), including but riot limited to,
all treatment, transportation, and application equipment which are installed or used by the permittee to
achieve compliance with the conditions of this permit. Proper operation and maintenance also includes
adequate laboratory controls and appropriate quality assurance procedures. This provision requires the
operation of back-up or auxiliary facilities or similar systems which are installed by a permittee only
when the operation is necessary to achieve compliance with the conditions of the permit. However, the
pe'rmittee shall operate, as a minimum, one complete set of each main line unit treatment process
whether or not this process is needed to achieve permit effluent compliance.
10.GENERAL REQUIREMENTS
10.1. Planned Chan. The permittee shall give notice to the Director as soon as possible of any planned
physical alterations or additions to the permitted facility. Notice is required only when:
10.1.1. The alteration or addition could significantly change the nature or increase the quantity of pollutant
land applied. This notification applies to pollutants which are not subject to limitations in the permit;
or,
10.1.2. The alteration or addition to a permitted facility may meet one of the criteria for determining whether
a facility is a new source.
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10.1.3. The alteration or addition results in a significant'change in the permittee's sludge use or disposal
practices, and such alteration, addition, or change may justify the application of permit conditions
that are different from or absent in the existing permit, including notification of additional use or
disposal sites not reported during the permit application process or not reported pursuant to an
approved land application plan;
10.2. Anticipated Noncompliance. The permittee shall give advance notice to the Director of any planned
changes in the permitted facility or activity which may result in noncompliance with permit
requirements.
10.3. Permit Actions. This permit may be modified, revoked and reissued, or terminated for cause. The filing
of a request by the permittee for a permit modification, revocation and reissuance, or termination, or a
notification of planned changes or anticipated noncompliance, does not stay any permit condition.
10.4. Continuation of the Ex fired General Permit. This permit expires approximately five years after the
effective date. However, an expired general permit may be administratively continued in force and
effect until a new permit can be issued. If a permittee wants to retain coverage under the continued
permit until a new general permit is issued, the permittee must submit a letter to EPA containing the
following:
10.4.1. Official or legal name of the facility/operation;
10.4.2. The existing permit number for the facility/operation;
10.4.3. Name, mailing address, and telephone number of the contact person for the facility/operation; and,
10.4.4. A request that coverage under the continued permit be retained until a new general permit is issued
and there has been reasonable time to submit a notice of intent for coverage under the new general
permit.
The letter must be signed in accordance with Part 10.7, Signatory Requirements, and mailed to the
address given in Part 2.3 no later than 180 days before the expiration date of the permit.
10.5. Duty to Provide Information. The permittee shall furnish to the Director, within a reasonable time, any
information which the Director may request to determine whether cause exists for modifying, revoking
and reissuing, or terminating this permit, or to determine compliance with this pen -nit, The permittee
shall also furnish to the Director, upon request, copies of records required to be kept by this permit.
10.6. Other Information. When the permittee becomes aware that it failed to submit any relevant facts in a
permit application, or submitted incorrect information in a permit application or any report to the
Director, it shall promptly submit such facts or information.
10.7. Signatory Requirements. All applications, reports or information submitted to the Director shall be
signed and certified.
10.7.1. All permit applications shall be signed by either a principal executive officer or ranking elected
official.
10.72. All reports required by the permit and other information requested by the Director shall be signed by
a person described above or by a duly authorized representative of that person. A person is a duly
authorized representative only if:
10.7.2.1 . The authorization is made in writing by a person described above and submitted to the Director;
and
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10.7.2.2. The authorization specifies either an individual or a position having responsibility for the overall
operation of the regulated facility, such as the position of plant manager, superintendent, position
of equivalent responsibility, or an individual or position having overall responsibility for
environmental matters. (A duly authorized representative may thus be either a named individual
or any individual occupying a named position.)
10.7.3. Changes to authorization. if an authorization under Part 10.7.2 is no longer accurate because a
different individual or position has responsibility for the overall operation of the facility, a new
authorization satisfying the requirements of Part 10.7.2 must be submitted to the Director prior to or
together with any reports, information, or applications to be signed by an authorized representative.
1 MA. Certification. Any person signing a document under this section shall make the following
certification:
"I certify under penalty of law that this document and all attachments were prepared under my
direction or supervision in accordance with a system designed to assure that qualified personnel
properly gather and evaluate the information submitted. Based on my inquiry of the person or
persons who manage the system, or those persons directly responsible for gathering the
information, the information submitted is, to the best of my knowledge and belief, true, accurate,
and complete. 1 am aware that there are significant penalties for submitting false information,
including the possibility of fine and imprisonment for knowing violations."
10.8. Penalties for Falsification of Reports. The Act provides that any person who knowingly makes any
false statement, representation, or certification in any record or other document submitted or required to
be maintained under this permit, including monitoring reports or reports of compliance or
noncompliance shall, upon conviction be punished by a fine of not more than $10,000 per violation, or
by imprisonment for not more than six months per violation, or by both.
10.9. Availability of Reports. Except for data determined to be confidential under 40 CFR Part 2, all reports
prepared in accordance with the terms of this permit shall be available for public inspection at the
offices of the Director. As required by the Act, permit applications, permits and all data necessary to
determine compliance with the permit conditions or applicable Federal sewage sludge regulations shall
not be considered confidential.
10.10.Oi1 and Hazardous Substance Liability. Nothing in this permit shall be construed to preclude the
institution of any legal action or relieve the permittee from any responsibilities, liabilities, or penalties to
which the permittee is or may be subject under Section 311 of the Act.
10.1 1. Property Rights. The issuance of this perm it does not convey any property rights of any sort, or any
exclusive privileges, nor does it authorize any injury to private property or any invasion of personal
rights, nor any infringement of federal, state (or Tribal) or local laws or regulations.
10.12. Severability. The provisions of this permit are severable, and if any provision of this perm it, or the
application of any provision of this permit to any circumstance, is held invalid, the application of such
provision to other circumstances, and the remainder of this permit, shall not be affected thereby.
10.13.Transfers. This permit maybe automatically transferred to anew permittee if;
10.13.1. The current permittee notifies the Director at least 30 days in advance of the proposed transfer date;
10.13.2. The notice includes a written agreement between the existing and new permittees containing a
specific date for transfer of permit responsibility, coverage, and liability between them; and
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10.133., The Director does not notify the existing permittee and the proposed new permittee of his or her
intent to modify, or revolve and reissue the permit. If this notice is not received, the transfer is
effective on the date specified in the agreement mentioned in paragraph 2. above.
10.14. State Laws. Nothing in this permit shall be construed to preclude the institution of any legal action or
relieve the permittee from any responsibilities, liabilities, or penalties established pursuant to any
applicable state law or regulation under authority preserved by Section 510 of the Act.
10,15. Reopener Provision. This permit may be reopened and modified (following proper administrative
procedures) to include the appropriate sewage sludge limitations (and compliance schedule, if
necessary), or other appropriate requirements if any applicable standards for sewage sludge use or
disposal have been promulgated under section 405(d) of the CWA which are more stringent than the
requirements in this permit or not covered by this permit.
1 I. DEFINITIONS.
Active sewage sludge unit is a sewage sludge unit that has not closed.
Agronomic rate is the whole sewage sludge application rate (dry -weight basis) designed to: (1) provide the
amount of nitrogen needed by the crop or vegetation grown on the land; and (2) minimize the amount of
nitrogen in the sewage sludge that passes below the root zone of the crop or vegetation grown on the land
to the ground water.
Animals for the purposes of this permit means domestic livestock.
Annual pollutant loading rate is the maximum amount of a pollutant (dry -weight basis) that can be applied
to a unit area of land during a 365-day period.
Annual whole sewage sludge application rate is the amount of sewage sludge (dry -weight basis) that can be
applied to a unit area of land during a cropping cycle.
Application site or land application site means all contiguous areas of a users' property intended for sewage
sludge application.
Aquifer is a geologic formation, group of geologic formations, or a portion of a geologic formation capable
of yielding quantities of ground water to wells or springs.
Base flood is a flood that has a one percent chance of occurring in any given year (i.e., a flood with a
magnitude equalled once in 100 years).
Batch is when a pile of sewage sludge is created, allowed to treat for a specific period of time and then
removed from the site. A batch of sewage sludge could be compost piles or longterm treatment piles.
Biosolids means any sewage sludge or material derived from sewage sludge that can be beneficially used.
Beneficial use includes, but is not limited to, land application to agricultural land, forest land, a reclamation
site or sale or give away to the public for home lawn and garden use.
Bulk sewage sludge is sewage sludge that is not sold or given away in a bag or other container for
application to the land.
Comprehensive state ground water protection program (CSGWPP) is a group of strategic activities
endorsed by EPA that establish a common ground water protection goal across programs; establish
priorities based on resource characterization and identification of ground water contamination sources;
define roles and responsibilities; implement efforts to accomplish the State's ground water protection goal
Permit No, MTG650000
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and priorities; coordinate information collection and management; and provide for public education and
participation. A CSGWPP includes, among other things, a system for determining different uses of ground
water including use as an underground source of drinking water or use supporting an aquatic ecosystem.
Contaminate an aquifer means to introduce a substance that causes the maximum contaminant level (MCL)
for nitrate -nitrogen in 40 CFR 141.62(b) to be exceeded in ground water or that causes the existing
concentration of nitrate -nitrogen in ground water to increase if the existing concentration of nitrate -nitrogen
in the ground water exceeds the MCL for nitrate -nitrogen in 40 CFR Part 141.62(b).
Composite sewage sludge sample is a sample taken either in a wastewater treatment process, dewatering
facility, or application device consisting of a series of individual grab samples. For liquid sewage sludges,
a minimum of three grab samples of 500 milliliters taken during the first one-third, second one-third and
final one-third of a pumping cycle and combined in equal volumetric amounts. For semi-dewatered,
dewatered or dried sewage sludge, a composite sample consisting of a minimum of three grab samples of
0.5 pounds taken over a period of 24 hours not less than two hours apart or another representative sample
as defined or approved by the permitting authority.
Cover is soil or other material used to cover sewage sludge placed on an active sewage sludge unit.
Cumulative pollutant loading rate is the maximum amount of an inorganic pollutant (dry -weight basis) that
can be applied to a unit area of land.
CWA means the Clean Water Act (formerly referred to as either the Federal Water Pollution Act or the
Federal Water Pollution Control Act Amendments of 1972), Pub, L. 92-500, as amended by Pub. L. 95-
217, Pub. L. 95-576, Pub. L. 96-483, Pub. L. 97-117, and Pub. L. 100-4.
Daily Maximum (Daily Max.) is the maximum measured value for a pollutant discharged during a calendar
day or any 24-hour period that reasonably represents a calendar day for purposes of sampling. For
pollutants with daily maximum limitations expressed in units of mass (e.g., kilograms, pounds), the daily
maximum is calculated as the total mass of pollutant discharged over the calendar day or representative 24-
hour period. For pollutants with limitations expressed in other units of measurement (e.g., milligramsditer,
parts per billion), the daily maximum is calculated as the average of all measurements of the pollutant over
the calendar day or representative 24-hour period. If only one measurement or sample is taken during a
calendar day or representative 24-hour period, the single measured value for a pollutant will be considered
the daily maximum measurement for that calendar day or representative 24-hour period.
Director means the Regional Administrator of the United States Environmental Protection Agency,
Region 8.
Displacement is the relative movement of any two sides of a fault measured in any direction.
Dry weight -basis means 100 percent solids (i.e., zero percent moisture).
EPA means the United States Environmental Protection Agency.
Facility for the purpose of this permit generally means where sewage sludge is generated and/or treated for
use/disposal. If the sewage sludge is generated at one site and treated at another site, the sewage sludge is
transported to the treatment site via a pipeline or sewer, and both sites are operated by the same operator,
then the two sites are considered to be the same facility for purposes of this permit.
Fault is a fracture or zone of fractures in any materials along which strata on one side are displaced with
respect to strata on the other side.
Final cover is the last layer of soil or other material placed on a sewage sludge unit at closure.
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Grab sample, for monitoring requirements, is defined as a single "dip and take" sample collected at a
representative point anywhere in wastewater treatment or sewage sludge use/disposal processes.
Grit and screenings are sand, gravel, cinders, other materials with a high specific gravity and relatively
large materials such as rags generated during preliminary treatment of domestic sewage at a treatment
works. (Note: The disposal of grit and screenings are not regulated under this permit. They should be
disposed of in accordance with applicable State (or Tribal, if applicable) and local regulations.)
Ha means hectares. One hectare equals 2.47 acres.
High potential for public contact site is land with a high potential for contact by the public. This includes,
but is not limited to, public parks, ball fields, cemeteries, plant nurseries, turf farms, and golf courses.
Holocene time is the most recent epoch of the Quaternary period, extending from the end of the Pleistocene
Epoch to the present.
Instantaneous measurement, for monitoring requirements, is defined as a single reading, observation, or
measurement.
Land application is the spraying or spreading of sewage sludge onto the land surface; the injection of
sewage sludge below the land surface, or the incorporation of sewage sludge into the land so that the
sewage sludge can either condition the soil or fertilize crops or vegetation grown in the soil_ Land
application includes distribution and marketing (i.e. the selling or giving away of the sewage sludge).
Landfilling of sewage sludge for the purpose of this permit is the disposal of sewage sludge in a municipal
solid waste landfill unit as defined at 40 CFR 258.2.
Leachate collection system is a system or device installed immediately above a liner that is designed,
constructed, maintained and operated to collect and remove leachate from a sewage sludge unit.
Liner is soil or synthetic material that has a hydraulic conductivity of 1 x 10-7 centimeters per second or
less.
Liquid Sewage Sludge means a sewage sludge having a dry weight solids content less than or equal to 8%
of the total weight of the sewage sludge.
Long-term treatment is the process where Class $ sewage sludge is treated in batch piles over a minimum
Of two summers in order to achieve a Class A sewage sludge with respect to pathogens.
Lower explosive limit fir methane gas is the lowest percentage of methane gas in air, by volume, that
propagates a flame at 25 degrees Celsius and atmospheric pressure.
Low potential for public contact site is land with a low potential for contact by the public. This includes,
but is not limited to, farms; ranches, reclamation areas, and other lands which are private lands, restricted
public lands, or lands which are not generally accessible to or used by the public_
Monthly average is the arithmetic mean of all measurements taken during the month.
Municipal solid waste landfill unit (MSWLF unit) means a discrete area of land or an excavation that
receives household waste, and that is not a land application unit, surface impoundment, injection well, or
waste pile, as those terms are defined under 40 CFR Part 257.2. A MSWLF unit also may receive other
types of RCRA subtitle D wastes, such as commercial solid waste, nonhazardous sludge, conditionally
exempt small quantity generator waste and industrial solid waste. such a landfill may be publicly or
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privately owned. A MSWLF unit may be a new MSWLF unit, and existing MSWLF unit or a lateral
expansion.
Other container is either an open or closed receptacle. This includes, but is not limited to, a bucket, a box,
a carton, and a vehicle or trailer with a load capacity of one metric ton or less.
Paint filter test is a test (SW 9095) where a predetermined amount of sewage sludge is placed in a paint
filter. If any portion of the material passes through the filter in a five minute test period, the material is
deemed to contain free liquids.
Pathogen means an organism that is capable of producing an infection or disease in a susceptible host.
Person is an individual, assoeiation, partnership, corporation, municipality, State or Federal agency, or an
agent or employee thereof.
PFRP means Processes to Further Reduce Pathogens, as described in detail in Appendix B (Part B.) of 40
CFR Part 503 using composting, heat drying, heat treatment, thermophilic aerobic digestion, irradiation or
pasteurization as specified in that part.
Phosphorus index is an integrated approach, developed by USDAINatural Resources Conservation Service
(NRCS), to estimate the risk of phosphorus being delivered to surface water from agricultural fields. These
characteristics include site specific factors such as soil test phosphorus (i.e., available phosphorus), total
soil phosphorus, the rate, method, and timing of phosphorus application (fertilizer, manure, and other
organic sources), and erosion. The phosphorus index provides a relative rating as to the risk of phosphorus
moving from individual fields.
Pollutant for the purposes of this permit is an organic substance, an inorganic substance, a combination of
organic and inorganic substances, or pathogenic organisms that, after discharge and upon exposure,
ingestions, inhalation, or assimilation into an organism either directly from the environment or indirectly by
ingestion through the food -chain, could, on the basis of infonnation available to the Administrator of EPA,
cause death, disease, behavioral abnormalities, cancer, genetic mutations, physiological malfunctions
(including malfunction in reproduction), or physical deformations in either organisms or offspring of the
organisms.
Pollutant limit is a numerical value that describes the amount of a pollutant allowed per unit amount of
sewage sludge (e.g., milligrams per kilogram of total solids), the amount of a pollutant that can be applied
to a unit area of land (e.g., kilograms per hectare); or the volume of a material that can be applied to a unit
area of land (e.g., gallons per acre).
PSRP means Processes to Significantly Reduce Pathogens, as described in detail in Appendix B (Part A.)
of 40 CFR Part 503 and consists of aerobic digestion, air drying, anaerobic digestion, composting, or time
stabilization as specified in that part.
Qualified ground water scientist is an individual with a baccalaureate or post -graduate degree in the natural
sciences or engineering who has sufficient training and experience in ground water hydrology and related
fields, as may be demonstrated by State registration, professional certification, or completion of accredited
university programs, to make sound professional judgements regarding ground water monitoring, pollutant
fate and transport and corrective action.
Runoff is rainwater, leachate, or other liquid that drains overland on any part of a land surface and runs off
of the land surface.
Seismic impact zone is an area that has a 10 percent or greater probability that the horizontal ground level
acceleration or the rock in the area exceeds 0.10 gravity once in 250 years.
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Sewage sludge means solid, semi -solid, or liquid residue generated during the treatment of domestic
sewage and/or a combination of domestic sewage and industrial waste of a liquid nature in a treatment
works. Sewage sludge includes, but is not limited to, domestic septage; scum or solids removed in primary,
secondary, or advanced wastewater treatment processes; and a material derived from sewage sludge.
Sewage sludge does not include ash generated during the incineration of sewage sludge or grit and
screenings generated during preliminary treatment of domestic sewage in a treatment works. (Note: The
disposal of grit and screenings are not regulated under this permit. They should be disposed of in
accordance with applicable State (or Tribal, if applicable) and local regulations.)
Sewage sludge body for the purpose of this permit is an individual or discrete lagoon cell, sewage sludge
cell, pile of sewage sludge, long-term treatment pile, compost pile, drying bed, storage pile, etc., that
contains sewage sludge and/or material derived from sewage sludge.
Sewage sludge unit is an area of land on which only sewage sludge is placed for final disposal. This does
not include land on which sewage sludge is placed, for either storage or treatment. Land does not include
waters of the United States as defined in 40 CFR Part 122.2.
Sewage sludge unit boundary is the outermost perimeter of a sewage sludge unit
Specific oxygen uptake rate (SOUR) is the mass of oxygen consumed per unit time per unit mass of total
.solids (day weight basis) in the sewage sludge.
Surface disposal of sewage sludge for the purpose of this permit is the placement of sewage sludge in a
sewage sludge unit for the purpose of final disposal.
Surface disposal site is an area of land that contains one or more active sewage sludge units.
Total solids are the materials in the sewage sludge that remain as residue if the sewage sludge is dried at
103 to 105 degrees Celsius.
Toxicity characteristic leaching procedure is the test method (Method 131 1 (1992 or latest version) of Test
Methods for Evaluating Solid Wastes (EPA Publication SW-846), Volume 1C: Laboratory Manual,
Physical/Chemical Methods) used to determine the mobility of both organic and inorganic pollutants
present in liquid, solid and multiphasic wastes.
Treat or treatment ofsewage sludge is the preparation of sewage sludge for final use or disposal. This
includes, but is not limited to, thickening, stabilization, and dewatering of sewage sludge. This does not
include storage of sewage sludge.
Treatment works are either Federally owned, publicly owned, or privately owned devices or systems used
to treat (including recycle and reclamation) either domestic sewage or a combination of dorestic sewage
and industrial waste of a liquid nature.
Unstable area is an area of land subject to natural or human -induced forces that may damage the structural
components of an active sewage sludge unit. This includes, but is not limited to, land on which the soils
are subject to mass movement.
Unstab ilized solids are organic materials in sewage sludge that have not been treated in either an aerobic or
anaerobic treatment process.
Upset means an exceptional incident in which there is unintentional and temporary noncompliance with
technology based permit effluent limitations because of factors beyond the reasonable control of the
permittee. An upset does not include noncompliance to the extent caused by operational error, improperly
Permit No. MTG650000
Page No. 64 of 71
designed treatment facilities, inadequate treatment facilities, lack of preventive maintenance, or careless or
improper operation.
Vector attraction is the characteristic of sewage sludge that attracts rodents, flies, mosquitos or other
organisms capable of transporting infectious agents.
Volatile solids is the amount of the total solids in sewage sludge lost when the sewage sludge is combusted
at 550 degrees Celsius for 15-20 minutes in the presence of excess air.
Permit No. MTG650000
Page No. 70 of 71
12 APPROVED METHODS FOR `THE ANALYSIS OF SEWAGE SLUDGE (40 CFR Part 503)
Parameter
Anal sis Method a/
SW-846 Method 6010B b/
SW-846 Method 6020 b/
EPA Method 200.7
Arsenic
EPA Method 200.9
SW-846 Method 7000A b/
SW-846 Method 7061A b/
SW-846 Method 6010B b/
SW-846 Method 6020 b/
Cadmium
EPA Method 200.7
EPA Method 20D.9
S W-846 Method 7000A b/
SW-846 Method 6010B b/
SW-846 Method 6020 b/
Copper
EPA Method 200.7
EPA Method 2009
SW-846 Method 7000A b/
SW-846 Method 6010E b/
SW-846 Method 6020 b/
Lead
EPA Method 200.7
EPA Method 200.9
SW-846 Method 7000A b/
SW-846 Metbod 7471A
Mercury
SW-846 Method 7471B
EPA Method 200.7
SW-846 Method 6010B b/
Molybdenum
SW-846 Method 6020 b/
EPA Method 200.7
SW-846 Method 6010E b/
SW-846 Method 6020 b/
Nickel
EPA Method 200.7
EPA Method 200.9
SW-846 Method 7000A b/
SW-846 Method 6010B b/
SW-846 Method 6020 b/
EPA Method 200.7
Selenium
EPA Method 2009
SW-846 Method 7741A b/
SW-846 Method 7742 b/
SW-846 Method 6010B b/
SW-846 Method 6020 b/
Zinc
EPA Method 200.7
SW-846 Method 7000A b/
SM-18th Method 9221 E (MPN)
Fecal Col'trorm (MPN only, MF not allowed
Appendix F, EPA/625/R-92/013
under this permit)
EPA Method 1680
EPA Method 1681
Appendix G, EPA/625/R-92l013
Salmonella bacteria
EPA Method 1682
Helminth Ova
Appendix I, EPA/625/R-92/013
Enteric Viruses
Appendix 1-1, EPA/625/R-92/013
SM-18th Method 4500-NO3"
Nitrate (as N)
SW-846 Method 9056
SW-846 Method 9210
Nitrite (as N)
SM-18th Method 4500-NO,
EPA Method 1685
Nitrate/Nitrite
EPA Method 1686
SM-18th Method 4500-NH3
Ammonia (as N)
EPA Method 1689
EPA Method 1690
Permit No. MTG650000
Page No. 71 of 71
Organic Nitrogen
Value calculated TKN minus NH3-N
Total KjeldA[ Nitrogen (TKN)
SM-18th Method 4500-Norg
EPA Method 1687
EPA Method 1688
Total Solids
SM-18th Method 2540 G
EPA Method 1684
Total Volatile Solids
SM-18th Method 2540 G
Total Phosphorus
SM-18th Method 4500-P
pH
SW-846 Method 9040C
SW-846 Method 9045D
TCLP
SW-846 Method 1311
Paint Filter Test
SW-846 Method 9095B
Specific Oxygen Uptake Rate in Biosolids
EPA Method 1683
a/ The references for the specified analytical methods are listed below:
EPA/626/R-92/013 means Environmental Regulations and Technology, Control of Pathogens and Vector
Attraction in Sewage Sludge (Including Domestic Septage) Under 40 CFR Part 503, EPA Publication
EPA/625/R-92/013, Revised October 1999. Use the indicated appendix. A copy of the document can be
downloaded in PDF format from the Region 8 Biosolids Web page at
http://www.epa.gov/region08/biosolids Click on "Biosolids Documents", "New Documents", then
"625r92013.pdt".
SM-18th means Standard Methods for the Examination of'Water and Wastewater, 18th Edition, 1992,
American Public Health Association, 1015 15th Street, NW., Washington, DC 20005,
SW-846 means Test Methods for Evaluating Solid Waste, Physical/Chemical Methods, EPA publication
SW-846 Third Edition (September 1996), Update I (July 1992), Update 11 (September 1994), Update IIA
(August 1993), Update I113 (January 1995), and Update III (December 1996). Available from the National
Technical Information Service, 5285 Port Royal Road, Springfield, VA 22161.
All methods except those in Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater can be found
at http://www.epa.gov/region08/biosolids under the biosolids menu.
b/ All samples must be digested using SW-846 Method 3050B, 3051 A or 3052 or equivalent (using
equivalent to 1 gram dry weight) prior to analysis by any of the procedures indicated. The AA direct
Aspiration analyses are applicable at moderate concentration levels in clean complex matrix systems. AA
Furnace methods can increase sensitivity if matrix effects are not severe. Inductively Coupled Plasma
(ICP) methods are applicable over a broad linear range and are especially sensitive for refractory elements.
Detection limits for AA Furnace methods are generally lower than for ICP methods,
Other Analytical Methods
Methods (?f Phosphorus Analysis for Soils, Sediments, Residuals, and Waters; Southern Cooperative Series
Bulletin No. # 396, June 2000; Southern extension/Rescarch activity - Information exchange Group
(SERA-IEG); Gary M. Pierzynski, Editor; URL http://v,ww.sera17.ext.vt.edu/SERA_17_ Publication,htm;
ISBN: 1-58161-396-2.
Simultaneous Extraction of Macro, Micronutrients and trace Elements Using Ammonium Bicarbonate
DPTA (AB-DPTA); Laboratory Manual for SC-564, Soil and Plant Chemical Analysis, Spring Semester
1998, Version 4, James R. Self, Juan B. Rodriguez, Soil, Water, and Plant Testing Laboratory, Department
of Soil and Crop Sciences, Colorado State University.
Kalispell AWWTP Biosolids Management Plan
APPENDIX D
COST ESTIMATES
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Alternative 3 - Composting
Cost Assumptions and Quantities
Description
Quantity
Unit
Base Unit Price
(Slomit)
Total
M
Comments
Division 1- Special Conditions
General Conditions, Bidding, Submittals, Start-up
1
LS
$ 30,687
$ 30,687
Division 2 - Site Work
Aerated Static Pile Excavation
3407
CY
$ 10
$ 33,222
23,000 sq feet x 4 feet deep
Aerated Static Pile Bed (Asphalt)
2556
SY
$ 30
$ 76,667
23,000 sq ft
Curing Pile Excavation
1067
CY
$ 10
$ 10,400
7200 sq ft x 4 feet deep
Curing Pile Bed (Asphalt)
800
SY
$ 30
$ 24,000
7200 sq ft
Cured Compost Storage Excavation
1867
CY
$ 10
$ 18,200
12,600 sq ft x 4 feet deep
Cured Compost Storage Area Bed (Aspaldt)
1400
SY
$ 30
$ 42,000
12,600 sq ft
New Bulking Agent Storage Excavation
1333
CY
$ 10
$ 13,000
9,000 sq IT x 4 feet deep
New Bulking Agent Storage Area Bed (Aspaldt)
1000
SY
$ 30
$ 30,000
9,000 sq IT
Recycled Bulking Agent Storage Excavation
1037
CY
$ 10
$ 10,111
7,7000 sq ft x 4 feet deep
Recycled Bulking Agent Storage Area Bed (Aspaldt)
778
SY
$ 30
$ 23,333
7,7000 sq ft
Fencing
2640
LF
$ 27
$ 71,280
10 acres
ASP Open Air Building
23000
SF
$ 25
$ 575,000
Hamilton bid tab
Division 3 - Concrete
Aerated Static Pile Concrete Footing and Walls
686
CY
$ 500
$ 343,200
24 100' Long Walls, 24 10' Loug Walls, Wall
Height 6 feet, Wall Thickness 8 inches, Footing
Width 3 feet, Footing Thickness 1 foot
Curing Pile Concrete Footing and Walls
201
CY
$ 750
$ 150,540
6 100' Lang Walls, 6 12' Long Walls, Wall
Height 6 feet, Wall Thickness 8 inches, Footing
Width 3 feet, Footing Thickness 1 foot
Cured Compost Storage Area Concrete Footing and Walls
163
CY
$ 750
$ 122,460
12,600 sq ft. Assumed 4 100 x 32 ft beds.
Same assumptions as above
New Bulking Agent Storage Area
153
CY
$ 750
$ 114,660
9,000 sq ft. Assumed 4 100 x 22 ft beds. Same
assumptions as above
Recycled Bulking Agent Storage Area
151
CY
$ 750
$ 113,100
7700 sq ft Assumed 4 100 x 20 ft beds. Same
assumptions as above
Division 7-Thermal and Moisture Protection
Sealants and Caulking
1
LS
$ 1,500
$ 1,500
Division 9-Finishes
Painting
1
LS
$ 10,000
$ 10,000
Division 11- Equipment
Compost Equipment (Blowers and EZ Screen)
1
LS
$ 300,000
$ 300,000
Cost Est. based on Hamilton bid plus EZ Screen
1200 XLS ($50k)
Biofilter and Air Discharge Piping
1
LS
$ 600,000
$ 600,000
Cost Est. based on Hamilton bid
Additional Air Discharge Piping
1
LS
$ 120,000
$ 120,000
Cost Est. based on Hamilton bid
Division 15-Mechanical
Under Drain Piping
500
LF
$ 60
$ 30,000
Main Trunk Piping
450
LF
$ 180
$ 81,000
Manhole
5
EA
$ 5,000
$ 25,000
Misc. Water, Yard Hydrants, Valves, etc.
1
LS
$ 30,000
$ 30,000
Division 16-Electrical
Electricapf&C
1
LS
$ 100,000
$ 100,000
Estimated
Subtotal
$ 3,099,000
Included in costs above
Reduced contingency to 10 % since
project is straight forward
Mobilization, Bonds, and Insurance 5%
Contractor's overhead and Profit 0%
Subtotal
Montana Tax 1%
Subtotal
Miscellaneous Items and Contingencies 10%
Subtotal
Engineering, legal and fiscal 25%
Total Estimated Project Cast
$ 155,000
$
$ 3,254,000
$ 33,000
$ 3,287,000
$ 329,000
$ 3,616,000
$ 904,000
$ 4,520,000
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Altemative 3 -Composting (Phase 1)
Cost Assumptions and Quantities
Description
Quantity
Unit
Base Unit
Price
($/unit)
Total
($)
Comments
Division 1- Special Candid-
General Conditions, Bidding, Sulanu als, Start-up
1
LS
$ 19,952
$ 19,952
Division 2 - Site Work
Aerated Static Pile Excavatio.
1185
CY
$ 10
$ 11,556
8,000 M fat x 4 feet deep
Aerated Static Pile Bed (Asphalt)
889
SY
$ 30
$ 26,667
8,000 sq ft
Curing Pile Excavatio.
711
CY
$ 10
$ 6,933
4,800 sq ft x 4 feet deep
Curing Pile Bed (Asphalt)
533
SY
$ 30
$ 16,000
4,800 sq ft
Cured Compost Storage Excavation
963
CY
$ 10
$ 9,389
6,500 sq ft x 4 feet deep
Cured Compost Storage Area Bad(Aspahlt)
722
SY
$ 30
$ 21,667
6,500 sgft
New Bulking Agent Storage Excavation
333
CY
$ 10
$ 3,250
2,250 sq ft x 4 feet deep
New Bulking Agent Storage Area Bad(Aspahlt)
250
SY
$ 30
$ 7,500
2,250 sgft
Recycled Bulking Agent Storage Excavatio.
289
CY
$ 10
$ 2,817
1,950 sq ft x 4 feet deep
Recycled Bulking Agent Storage Area Bad(Aspahlt)
217
SY
$ 30
$ 6,500
1,950 sgft
Fencing
2640
LF
$ 27
$ 71,280
10 acres
ASP Open Air Building
8000
SF
$ 25
$ 200,000
Hamilton bid tab
Cemetery Road Wad Main Exteah..
2600
LF
$ 120
$ 312,000
Includes Surface Restorali- and Appurtanaut Items
Cemetery Road Improvements
2600
LF
$ 59
$ 153,400
Curb/Gutd, sidewalk, boulevard, sod, sprinklers
Cemetery Road Stos.water
2600
LF
$ 75
$ 195,000
Pipe, inlets and manholes. No surface restoration
Division 3 - Concrete
Aerated Static Pile Concrete Footing and Walls
257
CY
$ 500
$ 128,700
9 100- Long Walls, 9 10- Long Walls, Wall Height 6 feet, Wall
Thickness 8 inches, Footing Width 3 feet, Footing Thickness 1 f
Curing Pile Concrete Footing and Walls
134
CY
$ 750
$ 100,425
4 100- Long Walls, 4 12- Long Walls, Wall Height 6 feet, Wall
Thickness 8 inches, Footing Width 3 feet, Footing Thickness 1 f
Cured Compost Storage Area Concrete Footing sad Walls
62
CY
$ 750
$ 46,800
6,500 sq ft. Assumed 100. 32 ft beds Same assumptions as
above
New Bulking Agent Storage Area
57
CY
$ 750
$ 42,900
2,250 sq ft. Assumed 100. 22 ft beds Same assumptions as
above
Recycled Bulking Agent Storage Area
57
CY
$ 750
$ 42,900
1,950 sq ft Assumed 100 x 20 ft beds Same assumptions as ab,,
Division 7-Thermal and Moisture Protecfio.
Sealants and Caulking
1
LS
$ 1,500
$ 1,500
Division 9 - Finish.
Painting
1
LS
$ 10,000
$ 10,000
Division 11-Eq.ipm®t
Compost Equip.e.t(Blowers and EZ Screen)
1
LS
$ 150,000
$ 150,000
Cost Est based on Hamilton bid plus EZ S-ea 1200 XLS($50k
Biofild and Air Discharge Piping
1
LS
$ 225,000
$ 225,000
Cost Est based on Hamilton bid
Additional Air Dischsrge Piping
1
LS
$ 45,000
$ 45,000
Cost Est based on Hamilton bid
Division 15-Mechanical
Under Drain Piping
200
LF
$ 60
$ 12,000
Assume that ..atof the original estia etc goes in with Ph -I
Mai. Tm.k Piping
450
LF
$ 180
$ 81,000
Assume that -at of the original estia, ana goes in with Phasel
Ma.hole
2
EA
$ 5,000
$ 10,000
Assume that ..atof the original estia al,a goes in with Ph -I
Valves
1
LS
$ 15,000
$ 15,000
Assume that ..atof the original estia al,a goes in with Ph -I
Division 16-Electrica1
ElmftnalA&C
1
LS
$ 40,000
$ 40,000
Estim anal
S.bto[al
$ 2,015,000
Included in costs above
Reduced contingency to 10% since project is straight
forward
Mobifl-fion, Bonds, and I.surance 5%
C..-t.r's Ovmhead aad Profit 0%
Subtotal
Mnnta.a Tax 1%
Subtotal
Mistdla.eo.s Items a ad C..fi.gend. 10%
Subtotal
I.fiactio. Factor (mid-2019)
Subtotal
E.gi.eeri.g, legal and fiscal 25%
Heavy Equipment (Dame 326D Skid Steer @ $401, sod a Dame 510C Backhoe @ $60k)
Total Estimated Project Cost
$ 101,000
$ -
$ 2,116,000
$ 21,000
$ 2,137,000
$ 214,000
$ 2,351,000
$ 1.03
$ 2,422,000
$ 606,000
$ 155,000
$ 3,183,000
Altematiw 3 - Composting (Phase 2-4)
Cost Assumptions and Quantities
Alternative 4 - Dry Pellets
Cost Assumptions and Quantifies
Description
Quantity
Unit
Base Unit
Price
($/unit)
Total
($)
Comments
Division 1- SpudA Condid .s
General Covditiovs, Bidding, SubmiOals, Start-up
1
LS
$ 39,092
$ 39,092
Division 2 - Site Work
Solids Storage Excavation
504
CY
$ 10
$ 4,911
3400 M lud. 4lud deep - Greeley
Solid Storage Bed (Asphalt)
378
SY
$ 30
$ 11,333
3400 M ft - Greeley
Dryer Building
4000
SF
$ 250
$ 1,000,000
Greeley Estimate
Solid Storage Building
3400
SF
$ 25
$ 85,000
Greeley EAim at�
Division 3 - Concrete
Solids Storage Co..mt� Footing and Walls
61
CY
$ 500
$ 30,420
assumptions as Alt 3
Dlvlmn 5-Metals
Division 7-Thermal and Moisture Protection
Sealants and Caulking
1
LS
$ 1,500
S 1.100
Division 9 - Finish.
Painting
1
LS
$ 10,000
S
Division 11-Eq.ipm®t
Dryer (F-to. Fevis)
1
LS
$ 1,500,000
$ 1,500,000
Dryer Delivery
1
LS
$ 30,000
$ 30,000
Scaled up from Hami0o. Project
Dryer Installation
1
LS
$ 375,000
$ 375,000
Scaled up from Hami0o. Project
Division 13 - 8peda1 Construction
Division 15-Mechanical
Under Drain Piping
500
LF
$ 60
$ 30,000
Mai. Tm.k Piping
450
LF
$ 180
$ 81,000
Manhole
4
EA
$ 5,000
$ 20,000
Valves
1
LS
$ 30,000
$ 30,000
Division 16-Electrica1
Elmtw.IA&C
1
LS
j $ 700,000
$ 700,000
Greeley
Subtotal
$ 3,948,000
Included in costs above
Mobifl—d—, B..ds,a.d Lsura.ce s%
Contractor's Overhead a.d Profit 0%
Subtotal
M..ta.a T— 1%
Subtotal
Mktdla.eous Items a.d Confingendea 20%
Subtotal
Emd.—Mg, legal a.d fiscal 25%
Total EstintatedProject Cost
$ 197,000
$
$ 4,145,000
$ 41,000
$ 4,186,000
$ 837,000
$ 5,023,000
$ 1,255,750
$ 6,z7s,7so
Alternative 4 - Dry Pellets
Summary of O&M Costs
Quantity Unit
Unit Cost
Total Annual Cost
O&M Personnel
2080 his
$20
$41,600
Electricity
650000 kWh
$0.06
$39,000 100 hp
Natural Gas
195000 CCF
$1
$195,000
Total
$275,600
Alternative 4 - Dry Pellets
Summary of Capital and O&M Costs
Capital Cost
$6,278,750
Average Annual O&M Cost
$275,600
Present Worth of O&M Cost
$3,161,110
Total Present Worth
$9,439,860
Term =
20 Years
Interest=
6.00%